Figure 2.1. The Hello World Process Graph

public void testHelloWorldProcess() {
  // This method shows a process definition and one execution
  // of the process definition.  The process definition has
  // 3 nodes: an unnamed start-state, a state 's' and an
  // end-state named 'end'.
  // The next line parses a piece of xml text into a
  // ProcessDefinition.  A ProcessDefinition is the formal
  // description of a process represented as a java object.
  ProcessDefinition processDefinition = ProcessDefinition.parseXmlString(
      "<process-definition>" +
      "  <start-state>" +
      "    <transition to='s' />" +
      "  </start-state>" +
      "  <state name='s'>" +
      "    <transition to='end' />" +
      "  </state>" +
      "  <end-state name='end' />" +
      "</process-definition>"
  );

    // The next line creates one execution of the process definition.
    // After construction, the process execution has one main path
    // of execution (=the root token) that is positioned in the
    // start-state.
    ProcessInstance processInstance =
      new ProcessInstance(processDefinition);

    // After construction, the process execution has one main path
    // of execution (=the root token).
    Token token = processInstance.getRootToken();

    // Also after construction, the main path of execution is positioned
    // in the start-state of the process definition.
    assertSame(processDefinition.getStartState(), token.getNode());

    // Let's start the process execution, leaving the start-state
    // over its default transition.
    token.signal();
    // The signal method will block until the process execution
    // enters a wait state.

    // The process execution will have entered the first wait state
    // in state 's'. So the main path of execution is now
    // positioned in state 's'
    assertSame(processDefinition.getNode("s"), token.getNode());

    // Let's send another signal.  This will resume execution by
    // leaving the state 's' over its default transition.
    token.signal();
    // Now the signal method returned because the process instance
    // has arrived in the end-state.

    assertSame(processDefinition.getNode("end"), token.getNode());
}

public class HelloWorldDbTest extends TestCase {

  static JbpmConfiguration jbpmConfiguration = null; 

  static {
    // An example configuration file such as this can be found in 
    // 'src/config.files'.  Typically the configuration information 
    // is in the resource file 'jbpm.cfg.xml', but here we pass in 
    // the configuration information as an XML string.
    
    // First we create a JbpmConfiguration statically.  One 
    // JbpmConfiguration can be used for all threads in the system, 
    // that is why we can safely make it static.

    jbpmConfiguration = JbpmConfiguration.parseXmlString(
      "<jbpm-configuration>" +
      
      // A jbpm-context mechanism separates the jbpm core 
      // engine from the services that jbpm uses from 
      // the environment.  
      
      "<jbpm-context>"+
      "<service name='persistence' "+
      " factory='org.jbpm.persistence.db.DbPersistenceServiceFactory' />" +
      "</jbpm-context>"+
      
      // Also all the resource files that are used by jbpm are 
      // referenced from the jbpm.cfg.xml
      
      "<string name='resource.hibernate.cfg.xml' " +
      "  value='hibernate.cfg.xml' />" +
      "<string name='resource.business.calendar' " +
      "  value='org/jbpm/calendar/jbpm.business.calendar.properties' />" +
      "<string name='resource.default.modules' " +
      "  value='org/jbpm/graph/def/jbpm.default.modules.properties' />" +
      "<string name='resource.converter' " +
      "  value='org/jbpm/db/hibernate/jbpm.converter.properties' />" +
      "<string name='resource.action.types' " +
      "  value='org/jbpm/graph/action/action.types.xml' />" +
      "<string name='resource.node.types' " +
      "  value='org/jbpm/graph/node/node.types.xml' />" +
      "<string name='resource.varmapping' " +
      "  value='org/jbpm/context/exe/jbpm.varmapping.xml' />" +
      "</jbpm-configuration>"
    );
  }
  
  public void setUp() {
    jbpmConfiguration.createSchema();
  }
  
  public void tearDown() {
    jbpmConfiguration.dropSchema();
  }

  public void testSimplePersistence() {
    // Between the 3 method calls below, all data is passed via the 
    // database.  Here, in this unit test, these 3 methods are executed
    // right after each other because we want to test a complete process
    // scenario.  But in reality, these methods represent different 
    // requests to a server.
    
    // Since we start with a clean, empty in-memory database, we have to 
    // deploy the process first.  In reality, this is done once by the 
    // process developer.
    deployProcessDefinition();

    // Suppose we want to start a process instance (=process execution)
    // when a user submits a form in a web application...
    processInstanceIsCreatedWhenUserSubmitsWebappForm();

    // Then, later, upon the arrival of an asynchronous message the 
    // execution must continue.
    theProcessInstanceContinuesWhenAnAsyncMessageIsReceived();
  }

  public void deployProcessDefinition() {
    // This test shows a process definition and one execution 
    // of the process definition.  The process definition has 
    // 3 nodes: an unnamed start-state, a state 's' and an 
    // end-state named 'end'.
    ProcessDefinition processDefinition = 
        ProcessDefinition.parseXmlString(
      "<process-definition name='hello world'>" +
      "  <start-state name='start'>" +
      "    <transition to='s' />" +
      "  </start-state>" +
      "  <state name='s'>" +
      "    <transition to='end' />" +
      "  </state>" +
      "  <end-state name='end' />" +
      "</process-definition>"
    );

    //Lookup the pojo persistence context-builder that is configured above
    JbpmContext jbpmContext = jbpmConfiguration.createJbpmContext();
    try {
      // Deploy the process definition in the database 
      jbpmContext.deployProcessDefinition(processDefinition);

    } finally {
      // Tear down the pojo persistence context.
      // This includes flush the SQL for inserting the process definition
      // to the database.
      jbpmContext.close();
    }
  }

  public void processInstanceIsCreatedWhenUserSubmitsWebappForm() {
    // The code in this method could be inside a struts-action 
    // or a JSF managed bean. 

    //Lookup the pojo persistence context-builder that is configured above
    JbpmContext jbpmContext = jbpmConfiguration.createJbpmContext();
    try {

      GraphSession graphSession = jbpmContext.getGraphSession();
      
      ProcessDefinition processDefinition = 
          graphSession.findLatestProcessDefinition("hello world");
    
      //With the processDefinition that we retrieved from the database, we
      //can create an execution of the process definition just like in the
      //hello world example (which was without persistence).
      ProcessInstance processInstance = 
          new ProcessInstance(processDefinition);
      
      Token token = processInstance.getRootToken(); 
      assertEquals("start", token.getNode().getName());
      // Let's start the process execution
      token.signal();
      // Now the process is in the state 's'.
      assertEquals("s", token.getNode().getName());
      
      // Now the processInstance is saved in the database.  So the 
      // current state of the execution of the process is stored in the 
      // database.  
      jbpmContext.save(processInstance);
      // The method below will get the process instance back out 
      // of the database and resume execution by providing another 
      // external signal.

    } finally {
      // Tear down the pojo persistence context.
      jbpmContext.close();
    }
  }

  public void theProcessInstanceContinuesWhenAnAsyncMessageIsReceived() {
  //The code in this method could be the content of a message driven bean.

    // Lookup the pojo persistence context-builder that is configured above
    JbpmContext jbpmContext = jbpmConfiguration.createJbpmContext();
    try {

      GraphSession graphSession = jbpmContext.getGraphSession();
      // First, we need to get the process instance back out of the 
      // database.  There are several options to know what process 
      // instance we are dealing  with here.  The easiest in this simple
      // test case is just to look for the full list of process instances.
      // That should give us only one result.  So let's look up the 
      // process definition.
      
      ProcessDefinition processDefinition = 
          graphSession.findLatestProcessDefinition("hello world");

      //Now search for all process instances of this process definition.
      List processInstances = 
          graphSession.findProcessInstances(processDefinition.getId());
      
      // Because we know that in the context of this unit test, there is 
      // only one execution.  In real life, the processInstanceId can be 
      // extracted from the content of the message that arrived or from 
      // the user making a choice.
      ProcessInstance processInstance = 
          (ProcessInstance) processInstances.get(0);
      
      // Now we can continue the execution.  Note that the processInstance
      // delegates signals to the main path of execution (=the root token).
      processInstance.signal();

      // After this signal, we know the process execution should have 
      // arrived in the end-state.
      assertTrue(processInstance.hasEnded());
      
      // Now we can update the state of the execution in the database
      jbpmContext.save(processInstance);

    } finally {
      // Tear down the pojo persistence context.
      jbpmContext.close();
    }
  }
}

// This example also starts from the hello world process.
// This time even without modification.
ProcessDefinition processDefinition = ProcessDefinition.parseXmlString(
  "<process-definition>" +
  "  <start-state>" +
  "    <transition to='s' />" +
  "  </start-state>" +
  "  <state name='s'>" +
  "    <transition to='end' />" +
  "  </state>" +
  "  <end-state name='end' />" +
  "</process-definition>"
);

ProcessInstance processInstance =
  new ProcessInstance(processDefinition);

// Fetch the context instance from the process instance 
// for working with the process variables.
ContextInstance contextInstance = 
  processInstance.getContextInstance();

// Before the process has left the start-state, 
// we are going to set some process variables in the 
// context of the process instance.
contextInstance.setVariable("amount", new Integer(500));
contextInstance.setVariable("reason", "i met my deadline");

// From now on, these variables are associated with the 
// process instance.  The process variables are now accessible 
// by user code via the API shown here, but also in the actions 
// and node implementations.  The process variables are also  
// stored into the database as a part of the process instance.

processInstance.signal();

// The variables are accessible via the contextInstance. 

assertEquals(new Integer(500), 
             contextInstance.getVariable("amount"));
assertEquals("i met my deadline", 
             contextInstance.getVariable("reason"));

public void testTaskAssignment() {
  // The process shown below is based on the hello world process.
  // The state node is replaced by a task-node.  The task-node 
  // is a node in JPDL that represents a wait state and generates 
  // task(s) to be completed before the process can continue to 
  // execute.  
  ProcessDefinition processDefinition = ProcessDefinition.parseXmlString(
    "<process-definition name='the baby process'>" +
    "  <start-state>" +
    "    <transition name='baby cries' to='t' />" +
    "  </start-state>" +
    "  <task-node name='t'>" +
    "    <task name='change nappy'>" +
    "      <assignment" +
    "       class='org.jbpm.tutorial.taskmgmt.NappyAssignmentHandler' />" +
    "    </task>" +
    "    <transition to='end' />" +
    "  </task-node>" +
    "  <end-state name='end' />" +
    "</process-definition>"
  );
  
  // Create an execution of the process definition.
  ProcessInstance processInstance = 
      new ProcessInstance(processDefinition);
  Token token = processInstance.getRootToken();
  
  // Let's start the process execution, leaving the start-state 
  // over its default transition.
  token.signal();
  // The signal method will block until the process execution 
  // enters a wait state.   In this case, that is the task-node.
  assertSame(processDefinition.getNode("t"), token.getNode());

  // When execution arrived in the task-node, a task 'change nappy'
  // was created and the NappyAssignmentHandler was called to determine
  // to whom the task should be assigned.  The NappyAssignmentHandler 
  // returned 'papa'.

  // In a real environment, the tasks would be fetched from the
  // database with the methods in the org.jbpm.db.TaskMgmtSession.
  // Since we don't want to include the persistence complexity in 
  // this example, we just take the first task-instance of this 
  // process instance (we know there is only one in this test
  // scenario).
  TaskInstance taskInstance = (TaskInstance)  
      processInstance
        .getTaskMgmtInstance()
        .getTaskInstances()
        .iterator().next();

  // Now, we check if the taskInstance was actually assigned to 'papa'.
  assertEquals("papa", taskInstance.getActorId() );
  
  // Now we suppose that 'papa' has done his duties and mark the task 
  // as done. 
  taskInstance.end();
  // Since this was the last (only) task to do, the completion of this
  // task triggered the continuation of the process instance execution.
  
  assertSame(processDefinition.getNode("end"), token.getNode());
}

// MyActionHandler represents a class that could execute 
// some user code during the execution of a jBPM process.
public class MyActionHandler implements ActionHandler {

  // Before each test (in the setUp), the isExecuted member 
  // will be set to false.
  public static boolean isExecuted = false;  

  // The action will set the isExecuted to true so the 
  // unit test will be able to show when the action
  // is being executed.
  public void execute(ExecutionContext executionContext) {
    isExecuted = true;
  }
}

  // Each test will start with setting the static isExecuted 
  // member of MyActionHandler to false.
  public void setUp() {
    MyActionHandler.isExecuted = false;
  }

public void testTransitionAction() {
    // The next process is a variant of the hello world process.
    // We have added an action on the transition from state 's' 
    // to the end-state.  The purpose of this test is to show 
    // how easy it is to integrate Java code in a jBPM process.
    ProcessDefinition processDefinition = ProcessDefinition.parseXmlString(
      "<process-definition>" +
      "  <start-state>" +
      "    <transition to='s' />" +
      "  </start-state>" +
      "  <state name='s'>" +
      "    <transition to='end'>" +
      "      <action class='org.jbpm.tutorial.action.MyActionHandler' />" +
      "    </transition>" +
      "  </state>" +
      "  <end-state name='end' />" +
      "</process-definition>"
    );
    
    // Let's start a new execution for the process definition.
    ProcessInstance processInstance = 
      new ProcessInstance(processDefinition);
    
    // The next signal will cause the execution to leave the start 
    // state and enter the state 's'
    processInstance.signal();

    // Here we show that MyActionHandler was not yet executed. 
    assertFalse(MyActionHandler.isExecuted);
    // ... and that the main path of execution is positioned in 
    // the state 's'
    assertSame(processDefinition.getNode("s"), 
               processInstance.getRootToken().getNode());
    
    // The next signal will trigger the execution of the root 
    // token.  The token will take the transition with the
    // action and the action will be executed during the  
    // call to the signal method.
    processInstance.signal();
    
    // Here we can see that MyActionHandler was executed during 
    // the call to the signal method.
    assertTrue(MyActionHandler.isExecuted);
  }

ProcessDefinition processDefinition = ProcessDefinition.parseXmlString(
  "<process-definition>" +
  "  <start-state>" +
  "    <transition to='s' />" +
  "  </start-state>" +
  "  <state name='s'>" +
  "    <event type='node-enter'>" +
  "      <action class='org.jbpm.tutorial.action.MyActionHandler' />" +
  "    </event>" +
  "    <event type='node-leave'>" +
  "      <action class='org.jbpm.tutorial.action.MyActionHandler' />" +
  "    </event>" +
  "    <transition to='end'/>" +
  "  </state>" +
  "  <end-state name='end' />" +
  "</process-definition>"
);

ProcessInstance processInstance = 
  new ProcessInstance(processDefinition);

assertFalse(MyActionHandler.isExecuted);
// The next signal will cause the execution to leave the start 
// state and enter the state 's'.  So the state 's' is entered 
// and hence the action is executed. 
processInstance.signal();
assertTrue(MyActionHandler.isExecuted);

// Let's reset the MyActionHandler.isExecuted  
MyActionHandler.isExecuted = false;

// The next signal will trigger execution to leave the  
// state 's'.  So the action will be executed again. 
processInstance.signal();
// Voila.  
assertTrue(MyActionHandler.isExecuted);

<service name='persistence' 
    factory='org.jbpm.persistence.db.DbPersistenceServiceFactory' />

<service name="persistence">
    <factory>
        <bean class="org.jbpm.persistence.db.DbPersistenceServiceFactory">
            <field name="dataSourceJndiName">
                <string value="java:/myDataSource"/>
            </field>
            <field name="isCurrentSessionEnabled"><true /></field>
            <field name="isTransactionEnabled"><false /></field>
        </bean>
    </factory>
</service>

optimistic locking
            failed

log4j.logger.org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractFlushingEventListener=FATAL

<beans>
    <bean name="task" class="org.jbpm.taskmgmt.exe.TaskInstance"/>
    <string name="greeting">hello world</string>
    <int name="answer">42</int>
    <boolean name="javaisold">true</boolean>
    <float name="percentage">10.2</float>
    <double name="salary">100000000.32</double>
    <char name="java">j</char>
    <null name="dusttodust" />
</beans>

ObjectFactory of = ObjectFactory.parseXmlFromAbove();
assertEquals(TaskInstance.class, of.getNewObject("task").getClass());
assertEquals("hello world", of.getNewObject("greeting"));
assertEquals(new Integer(42), of.getNewObject("answer"));
assertEquals(Boolean.TRUE, of.getNewObject("javaisold"));
assertEquals(new Float(10.2), of.getNewObject("percentage"));
assertEquals(new Double(100000000.32), of.getNewObject("salary"));
assertEquals(new Character('j'), of.getNewObject("java"));
assertNull(of.getNewObject("dusttodust"));]]>

<beans>
    <list name="numbers">
        <string>one</string>
        <string>two</string>
        <string>three</string>
    </list>
</beans>

<beans>
    <map name="numbers">
        <entry>
            <key><int>1</int></key>
            <value><string>one</string></value>
        </entry>
        <entry>
            <key><int>2</int></key>
            <value><string>two</string></value>
        </entry>
        <entry>
            <key><int>3</int></key>
            <value><string>three</string></value>
        </entry>
    </map>
</beans>

<beans>
    <bean name="task" class="org.jbpm.taskmgmt.exe.TaskInstance" >
        <field name="name"><string>do dishes</string></field>
        <property name="actorId"><string>theotherguy</string></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

<beans>
    <bean name="a" class="org.jbpm.A" />
    <ref name="b" bean="a" />
</beans>

<beans>
    <bean name="task" class="org.jbpm.taskmgmt.exe.TaskInstance" >
        <constructor>
            <parameter class="java.lang.String">
                <string>do dishes</string>
            </parameter>
            <parameter class="java.lang.String">
                <string>theotherguy</string>
            </parameter>
        </constructor>
    </bean>
</beans>

<beans>
    <bean name="taskFactory" 
        class="org.jbpm.UnexistingTaskInstanceFactory" 
        singleton="true"/>

    <bean name="task" class="org.jbpm.taskmgmt.exe.TaskInstance" >
        <constructor factory="taskFactory" method="createTask" >
            <parameter class="java.lang.String">
                <string>do dishes</string>
            </parameter>
            <parameter class="java.lang.String">
                <string>theotherguy</string>
            </parameter>
        </constructor>
    </bean>
</beans>

<beans>
    <bean name="task" class="org.jbpm.taskmgmt.exe.TaskInstance" >
        <constructor
            factory-class="org.jbpm.UnexistingTaskInstanceFactory"
            method="createTask" >
            <parameter class="java.lang.String">
                <string>do dishes</string>
            </parameter>
            <parameter class="java.lang.String">
                <string>theotherguy</string>
            </parameter>
        </constructor>
    </bean>
</beans>

<jbpm-context>
  <service name="persistence"
    factory="org.jbpm.persistence.jta.JtaDbPersistenceServiceFactory" />
  <service name="message"
    factory="org.jbpm.msg.jms.JmsMessageServiceFactory" />
  <service name="scheduler"
    factory="org.jbpm.scheduler.ejbtimer.EntitySchedulerServiceFactory" />
</jbpm-context>

<!-- sql dialect -->
<property name="hibernate.dialect">
    org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect
</property>

<property name="hibernate.cache.provider_class">
  org.hibernate.cache.HashtableCacheProvider
</property>

<!-- DataSource properties (begin) -->
<property name="hibernate.connection.datasource">
    java:comp/env/jdbc/JbpmDataSource
</property>
<!-- DataSource properties (end) -->

<!-- JTA transaction properties (begin) -->
<property name="hibernate.transaction.factory_class">
  org.hibernate.transaction.JTATransactionFactory
</property>
<property name="hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class">
  org.hibernate.transaction.JBossTransactionManagerLookup
</property>
<!-- JTA transaction properties (end) -->

<!-- CMT transaction properties (begin) ===
<property name="hibernate.transaction.factory_class">
  org.hibernate.transaction.CMTTransactionFactory
</property>
<property name="hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class">
  org.hibernate.transaction.JBossTransactionManagerLookup
</property>
==== CMT transaction properties (end) -->

<session>

  <ejb-name>MyClientBean</ejb-name>
  <home>org.example.RemoteClientHome</home>
  <remote>org.example.RemoteClient</remote>
  <local-home>org.example.LocalClientHome</local-home>
  <local>org.example.LocalClient</local>
  <ejb-class>org.example.ClientBean</ejb-class>
  <session-type>Stateless</session-type>
  <transaction-type>Container</transaction-type>

  <ejb-local-ref>
    <ejb-ref-name>ejb/TimerEntityBean</ejb-ref-name>
    <ejb-ref-type>Entity</ejb-ref-type>
    <local-home>org.jbpm.ejb.LocalTimerEntityHome</local-home>
    <local>org.jbpm.ejb.LocalTimerEntity</local>
  </ejb-local-ref>

  <resource-ref>
    <res-ref-name>jdbc/JbpmDataSource</res-ref-name>
    <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
    <res-auth>Container</res-auth>
  </resource-ref>

  <resource-ref>
    <res-ref-name>jms/JbpmConnectionFactory</res-ref-name>
    <res-type>javax.jms.ConnnectionFactory</res-type>
    <res-auth>Container</res-auth>
  </resource-ref>

  <message-destination-ref>
    <message-destination-ref-name>
        jms/JobQueue
    </message-destination-ref-name>
    <message-destination-type>javax.jms.Queue</message-destination-type>
    <message-destination-usage>Produces</message-destination-usage>
  </message-destination-ref>

</session>

<session>

  <ejb-name>MyClientBean</ejb-name>
  <jndi-name>ejb/MyClientBean</jndi-name>
  <local-jndi-name>java:ejb/MyClientBean</local-jndi-name>

  <ejb-local-ref>
    <ejb-ref-name>ejb/TimerEntityBean</ejb-ref-name>
    <local-jndi-name>java:ejb/TimerEntityBean</local-jndi-name>
  </ejb-local-ref>

  <resource-ref>
    <res-ref-name>jdbc/JbpmDataSource</res-ref-name>
    <jndi-name>java:JbpmDS</jndi-name>
  </resource-ref>

  <resource-ref>
    <res-ref-name>jms/JbpmConnectionFactory</res-ref-name>
    <jndi-name>java:JmsXA</jndi-name>
  </resource-ref>

  <message-destination-ref>
    <message-destination-ref-name>
        jms/JobQueue
    </message-destination-ref-name>
    <jndi-name>queue/JbpmJobQueue</jndi-name>
  </message-destination-ref>

</session>

<web-app>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>MyClientServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.example.ClientServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>MyClientServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/client/servlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <ejb-local-ref>
    <ejb-ref-name>ejb/TimerEntityBean</ejb-ref-name>
    <ejb-ref-type>Entity</ejb-ref-type>
    <local-home>org.jbpm.ejb.LocalTimerEntityHome</local-home>
    <local>org.jbpm.ejb.LocalTimerEntity</local>
    <ejb-link>TimerEntityBean</ejb-link>
  </ejb-local-ref>

  <resource-ref>
    <res-ref-name>jdbc/JbpmDataSource</res-ref-name>
    <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
    <res-auth>Container</res-auth>
  </resource-ref>

  <resource-ref>
    <res-ref-name>jms/JbpmConnectionFactory</res-ref-name>
    <res-type>javax.jms.ConnectionFactory</res-type>
    <res-auth>Container</res-auth>
  </resource-ref>

  <message-destination-ref>
    <message-destination-ref-name>
        jms/JobQueue
    </message-destination-ref-name>
    <message-destination-type>javax.jms.Queue</message-destination-type>
    <message-destination-usage>Produces</message-destination-usage>
    <message-destination-link>JobQueue</message-destination-link>
  </message-destination-ref>

</web-app>

<jboss-web>

  <ejb-local-ref>
    <ejb-ref-name>ejb/TimerEntityBean</ejb-ref-name>
    <local-jndi-name>java:ejb/TimerEntityBean</local-jndi-name>
  </ejb-local-ref>

  <resource-ref>
    <res-ref-name>jdbc/JbpmDataSource</res-ref-name>
    <jndi-name>java:JbpmDS</jndi-name>
  </resource-ref>

  <resource-ref>
    <res-ref-name>jms/JbpmConnectionFactory</res-ref-name>
    <jndi-name>java:JmsXA</jndi-name>
  </resource-ref>

  <message-destination-ref>
    <message-destination-ref-name>
        jms/JobQueue
    </message-destination-ref-name>
    <jndi-name>queue/JbpmJobQueue</jndi-name>
  </message-destination-ref>

</jboss-web>

Figure 6.1. The auction process graph

<process-definition>

  <start-state>
    <transition to="auction" />
  </start-state>
  
  <state name="auction">
    <transition name="auction ends" to="salefork" />
    <transition name="cancel" to="end" />
  </state>
  
  <fork name="salefork">
    <transition name="shipping" to="send item" />
    <transition name="billing" to="receive money" />
  </fork>
  
  <state name="send item">
    <transition to="receive item" />
  </state>

  <state name="receive item">
    <transition to="salejoin" />
  </state>
  
  <state name="receive money">
    <transition to="send money" />
  </state>

  <state name="send money">
    <transition to="salejoin" />
  </state>
  
  <join name="salejoin">
    <transition to="end" />
  </join>
  
  <end-state name="end" />
  
</process-definition>

Figure 6.2. A database update action

public class RemoveEmployeeUpdate implements ActionHandler {
  public void execute(ExecutionContext ctx) throws Exception {
    // get the fired employee from the process variables.
    String firedEmployee =
      (String) ctx.getContextInstance().getVariable("fired employee");
    
    // by taking the same database connection as used for the jbpm
    // updates, we reuse the jbpm transaction for our database update.
    Connection connection =
    ctx.getProcessInstance().getJbpmSession().getSession().getConnection();
    Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
    statement.execute("DELETE FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE ...");
    statement.execute(); 
    statement.close();
  }
}

<process-definition name="yearly evaluation">
  <state name="fire employee">
    <transition to="collect badge">
      <action class="com.nomercy.hr.RemoveEmployeeUpdate" />
    </transition>
  </state>
  
  <state name="collect badge">
  
</process-definition>

<process-definition>
  <event type="node-enter">
    <script>
      System.out.println("this script is entering node "+node);
    </script>
  </event>
  ...
</process-definition>

<process-definition>
  <event type="process-end">
    <script>
      <expression>
        a = b + c;
      </expression>
      <variable name='XXX' access='write' mapped-name='a' />
      <variable name='YYY' access='read' mapped-name='b' />
      <variable name='ZZZ' access='read' mapped-name='c' />
    </script>
  </event>
  ...
</process-definition>

<process-definition name="hire">
  <start-state>
    <transition to="initial interview" />
  </start-state>
  <process-state name="initial interview">
    <sub-process name="interview" />
    <variable name="a" access="read,write" mapped-name="aa" />
    <variable name="b" access="read" mapped-name="bb" />
    <transition to="..." />
  </process-state>
  ...
</process-definition>

Figure 6.3. Process Snippet for Updating ERP Example

public class AmountUpdate implements ActionHandler {
  public void execute(ExecutionContext ctx) throws Exception {
    // business logic
    Float erpAmount = ...get amount from erp-system...;
    Float processAmount = (Float) ctx.getContextInstance().getVariable("amount");
    float result = erpAmount.floatValue() + processAmount.floatValue();
    ...update erp-system with the result...;
    
    // graph execution propagation
    if (result > 5000) {
      ctx.leaveNode(ctx, "big amounts");
    } else {
      ctx.leaveNode(ctx, "small amounts");
    }
  }
}

<start-state>
  <transition to="one" />
</start-state>
<node async="true" name="one">
  <action class="com...MyAutomaticAction" />
  <transition to="two" />
</node>
<node async="true" name="two">
  <action class="com...MyAutomaticAction" />
  <transition to="three" />
</node>
<node async="true" name="three">
  <action class="com...MyAutomaticAction" />
  <transition to="end" />
</node>
<end-state name="end" />
...

//start a transaction
JbpmContext jbpmContext = jbpmConfiguration.createContext();
try {
  ProcessInstance processInstance =
    jbpmContext.newProcessInstance("my async process");
  processInstance.signal();
  jbpmContext.save(processInstance);
} finally {
  jbpmContext.close();
}

ProcessInstance processInstance = ...;
ContextInstance contextInstance = 
	(ContextInstance) processInstance.getInstance(ContextInstance.class);

void ContextInstance.setVariable(String variableName, Object value);
void ContextInstance.setVariable(
	String variableName, Object value, Token token);

Object ContextInstance.getVariable(String variableName);
Object ContextInstance.getVariable(String variableName, Token token);

ContextInstance.deleteVariable(String variableName);
ContextInstance.deleteVariable(String variableName, Token token);

ContextInstance.createVariable(String name, Object value, Token token);

Object ContextInstance.getTransientVariable(String name);
void ContextInstance.setTransientVariable(String name, Object value);

Figure 8.2. The task controllers

<task name="clean ceiling">
  <controller>
    <variable name="a" access="read" mapped-name="x" />
    <variable name="b" access="read,write,required" mapped-name="y" />
    <variable name="c" access="read,write" />
  </controller>
</task>

public interface TaskControllerHandler extends Serializable {
  void initializeTaskVariables(TaskInstance taskInstance, ContextInstance contextInstance, Token token);
  void submitTaskVariables(TaskInstance taskInstance, ContextInstance contextInstance, Token token);
}

<task name="clean ceiling">
  <controller class="com.yourcom.CleanCeilingTaskControllerHandler">
    -- here goes your task controller handler configuration --
  </controller>
</task>

<process-definition>
  <swimlane name='initiator' />
  <start-state>
    <task swimlane='initiator' />
    <transition to='...' />
  </start-state>
  ...
</process-definition>

<state name='catch crooks'>
  <timer name='reminder' 
         duedate='3 business hours' 
         repeat='10 business minutes'
         transition='time-out-transition' >
    <action class='the-remainder-action-class-name' />
  </timer>
  <transition name='time-out-transition' to='...' />
</state>

update JBPM_JOB job
set job.version = 2
    job.lockOwner = '192.168.1.3:2'
where 
    job.version = 1

hour.format=HH:mm
#weekday ::= [<daypart> [&amp; <daypart>]*]
#daypart ::= <start-hour>-<to-hour>
#start-hour and to-hour must be in the hour.format
#dayparts have to be ordered
weekday.monday=    9:00-12:00 &amp; 12:30-17:00
weekday.tuesday=   9:00-12:00 &amp; 12:30-17:00
weekday.wednesday= 9:00-12:00 &amp; 12:30-17:00
weekday.thursday=  9:00-12:00 &amp; 12:30-17:00
weekday.friday=    9:00-12:00 &amp; 12:30-17:00
weekday.saturday=
weekday.sunday=

day.format=dd/MM/yyyy
# holiday syntax: <holiday>
# holiday period syntax: <start-day>-<end-day>
# below are the belgian official holidays
holiday.1=  01/01/2005 # nieuwjaar
holiday.2=  27/3/2005  # pasen 
holiday.3=  28/3/2005  # paasmaandag 
holiday.4=  1/5/2005   # feest van de arbeid
holiday.5=  5/5/2005   # hemelvaart 
holiday.6=  15/5/2005  # pinksteren 
holiday.7=  16/5/2005  # pinkstermaandag 
holiday.8=  21/7/2005  # my birthday 
holiday.9=  15/8/2005  # moederkesdag 
holiday.10= 1/11/2005  # allerheiligen 
holiday.11= 11/11/2005 # wapenstilstand 
holiday.12= 25/12/2005 # kerstmis 

business.day.expressed.in.hours=             8
business.week.expressed.in.hours=           40
business.month.expressed.in.business.days=  21
business.year.expressed.in.business.days=  220

<timer name="daysBeforeHoliday" duedate="5 business days">...</timer>

<timer name="pensionDate" duedate="#{dateOfBirth} + 65 years" >...</timer>

<timer name="pensionReminder" duedate="#{dateOfPension} - 1 year" >...</timer>

<timer name="fireWorks" duedate="#{chineseNewYear} repeat="1 year" >...</timer>

<reminder name="hitBoss" duedate="#{payRaiseDay} + 3 days" repeat="1 week" />

hour.format=HH:mm
#weekday ::= [<daypart> [&amp; <daypart>]*]
#daypart ::= <start-hour>-<to-hour>
#start-hour and to-hour must be in the hour.format
#dayparts have to be ordered
weekday.monday=    9:00-12:00 &amp; 12:30-17:00
weekday.tuesday=   9:00-12:00 &amp; 12:30-17:00
weekday.wednesday= 9:00-12:00 &amp; 12:30-17:00
weekday.thursday=  9:00-12:00 &amp; 12:30-17:00
weekday.friday=    9:00-12:00 &amp; 12:30-17:00
weekday.saturday=
weekday.sunday=

day.format=dd/MM/yyyy
# holiday syntax: <holiday>
# holiday period syntax: <start-day>-<end-day>
# below are the belgian official holidays
holiday.1=  01/01/2005 # nieuwjaar
holiday.2=  27/3/2005  # pasen 
holiday.3=  28/3/2005  # paasmaandag 
holiday.4=  1/5/2005   # feest van de arbeid
holiday.5=  5/5/2005   # hemelvaart 
holiday.6=  15/5/2005  # pinksteren 
holiday.7=  16/5/2005  # pinkstermaandag 
holiday.8=  21/7/2005  # my birthday 
holiday.9=  15/8/2005  # moederkesdag 
holiday.10= 1/11/2005  # allerheiligen 
holiday.11= 11/11/2005 # wapenstilstand 
holiday.12= 25/12/2005 # kerstmis 

business.day.expressed.in.hours=             8
business.week.expressed.in.hours=           40
business.month.expressed.in.business.days=  21
business.year.expressed.in.business.days=  220

<mail   actors="#{president}" 
        subject="readmylips" 
        text="nomoretaxes" />

<mail-templates>
    <variable name="BaseTaskListURL"
        value="http://localhost:8080/jbpm/task?id=" />

    <mail-template name='task-assign'>
        <actors>#{taskInstance.actorId}</actors>
        <subject>Task '#{taskInstance.name}'</subject>
        <text><![CDATA[Hi,
Task '#{taskInstance.name}' has been assigned to you.
Go for it: #{BaseTaskListURL}#{taskInstance.id}
Thanks.
---powered by JBoss jBPM---]]></text>
    </mail-template>

    <mail-template name='task-reminder'>
        <actors>#{taskInstance.actorId}</actors>
        <subject>Task '#{taskInstance.name}' !</subject>
        <text><![CDATA[Hey,
Don't forget about #{BaseTaskListURL}#{taskInstance.id} 
Get going !
---powered by JBoss jBPM---]]></text>
    </mail-template>

</mail-templates>

<jbpm-configuration>
  <string name="resource.mail.templates" value="jbpm.mail.templates.xml" />
</jbpm-configuration>

<jbpm-configuration>
    <string name="jbpm.mail.smtp.host" value="localhost" />
</jbpm-configuration>

<jbpm-configuration>
   <string name='resource.mail.properties' value='jbpm.mail.properties' />
</jbpm-configuration>

<jbpm-configuration>
    <string name='jbpm.mail.from.address' value='jbpm@yourcompany.com' />
</jbpm-configuration>

<jbpm-configuration>
  <string name='jbpm.mail.class.name'
  value='com.your.specific.CustomMail' />
</jbpm-configuration>

public class LoggingInstance extends ModuleInstance {
  ...
  public void addLog(ProcessLog processLog) {...}
  ...
}

Figure 13.1. The jBPM logging information class diagram

public class LoggingInstance extends ModuleInstance {
  ...
  public void startCompositeLog(CompositeLog compositeLog) {...}
  public void endCompositeLog() {...}
  ...
}

startCompositeLog(new MyCompositeLog());
try {
  ...
} finally {
  endCompositeLog();
}

<service name='logging'
    factory='org.jbpm.logging.db.DbLoggingServiceFactory' />

public class LoggingSession {
  ...
  public Map findLogsByProcessInstance(long processInstanceId) {...}
  ...
}

public class LoggingSession {
  public List findLogsByToken(long tokenId) {...}
  ...
}

Figure 15.1. The auction test process

public class AuctionTest extends TestCase {

  // parse the process definition
  static ProcessDefinition auctionProcess = 
      ProcessDefinition.parseParResource("org/jbpm/tdd/auction.par");

  // get the nodes for easy asserting
  static StartState start = auctionProcess.getStartState();
  static State auction = (State) auctionProcess.getNode("auction");
  static EndState end = (EndState) auctionProcess.getNode("end");

  // the process instance
  ProcessInstance processInstance;

  // the main path of execution
  Token token;

  public void setUp() {
    // create a new process instance for the given process definition
    processInstance = new ProcessInstance(auctionProcess);

    // the main path of execution is the root token
    token = processInstance.getRootToken();
  }
  
  public void testMainScenario() {
    // after process instance creation, the main path of 
    // execution is positioned in the start state.
    assertSame(start, token.getNode());
    
    token.signal();
    
    // after the signal, the main path of execution has 
    // moved to the auction state
    assertSame(auction, token.getNode());
    
    token.signal();
    
    // after the signal, the main path of execution has 
    // moved to the end state and the process has ended
    assertSame(end, token.getNode());
    assertTrue(processInstance.hasEnded());
  }
}