8.2. Using Red Hat Gluster Storage as a Storage Domain
8.2.1. Introduction to Red Hat Gluster Storage (GlusterFS) Volumes
8.2.2. Gluster Storage Terminology
Term
|
Definition
|
---|---|
Brick
|
A brick is the GlusterFS basic unit of storage, represented by an export directory on a server in the trusted storage pool. A Brick is expressed by combining a server with an export directory in the following format:
SERVER:EXPORT
For example:
myhostname:/exports/myexportdir/
|
Block Storage
|
Block special files or block devices correspond to devices through which the system moves data in the form of blocks. These device nodes often represent addressable devices such as hard disks, CD-ROM drives, or memory-regions. Red Hat Gluster Storage supports XFS file system with extended attributes.
|
Cluster
|
A trusted pool of linked computers, working together closely thus in many respects forming a single computer. In Red Hat Gluster Storage terminology a cluster is called a trusted storage pool.
|
Client
|
The machine that mounts the volume (this may also be a server).
|
Distributed File System
|
A file system that allows multiple clients to concurrently access data spread across multiple servers/bricks in a trusted storage pool. Data sharing among multiple locations is fundamental to all distributed file systems.
|
Geo-Replication
|
Geo-replication provides a continuous, asynchronous, and incremental replication service from site to another over Local Area Networks (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), and across the Internet.
|
glusterd
|
The Gluster management daemon that needs to run on all servers in the trusted storage pool.
|
Metadata
|
Metadata is data providing information about one or more other pieces of data.
|
N-way Replication
|
Local synchronous data replication typically deployed across campus or Amazon Web Services Availability Zones.
|
Namespace
|
Namespace is an abstract container or environment created to hold a logical grouping of unique identifiers or symbols. Each Red Hat Gluster Storage trusted storage pool exposes a single namespace as a POSIX mount point that contains every file in the trusted storage pool.
|
POSIX
|
Portable Operating System Interface (for Unix) is the name of a family of related standards specified by the IEEE to define the application programming interface (API), along with shell and utilities interfaces for software compatible with variants of the UNIX operating system. Red Hat Gluster Storage exports a fully POSIX compatible file system.
|
RAID
|
Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) is a technology that provides increased storage reliability through redundancy, combining multiple low-cost, less-reliable disk drives components into a logical unit where all drives in the array are interdependent.
|
RRDNS
|
Round Robin Domain Name Service (RRDNS) is a method to distribute load across application servers. RRDNS is implemented by creating multiple A records with the same name and different IP addresses in the zone file of a DNS server.
|
Server
|
The machine (virtual or bare-metal) which hosts the actual file system in which data will be stored.
|
Scale-Up Storage
|
Increases the capacity of the storage device, but only in a single dimension. An example might be adding additional disk capacity to a single computer in a trusted storage pool.
|
Scale-Out Storage
|
Increases the capability of a storage device in multiple dimensions. For example adding a server to a trusted storage pool increases CPU, disk capacity, and throughput for the trusted storage pool.
|
Subvolume
|
A subvolume is a brick after being processed by at least one translator.
|
Translator
|
A translator connects to one or more subvolumes, does something with them, and offers a subvolume connection.
|
Trusted Storage Pool
|
A storage pool is a trusted network of storage servers. When you start the first server, the storage pool consists of that server alone.
|
User Space
|
Applications running in user space do not directly interact with hardware, instead using the kernel to moderate access. User Space applications are generally more portable than applications in kernel space. Gluster is a user space application.
|
Virtual File System (VFS)
|
VFS is a kernel software layer that handles all system calls related to the standard Linux file system. It provides a common interface to several kinds of file systems.
|
Volume File
|
The volume file is a configuration file used by GlusterFS process. The volume file will usually be located at:
/var/lib/glusterd/vols/VOLNAME .
|
Volume
|
A volume is a logical collection of bricks. Most of the Gluster management operations happen on the volume.
|
8.2.3. Attaching a Red Hat Gluster Storage Volume as a Storage Domain
rh-common-rpms
channel on the Customer Portal.
Procedure 8.3. Adding a Red Hat Gluster Storage Volume as a Storage Domain
- Click the Storage resource tab to list the existing storage domains in the results list.
- Click New Domain window.to open the
Figure 8.1. Red Hat Gluster Storage
- Enter the Name for the storage domain.
- Select the Data Center to be associated with the storage domain.
- Select
Data
from the Domain Function drop-down list. - Select
GlusterFS
from the Storage Type drop-down list. - Select a host from the Use Host drop-down list. Only hosts within the selected data center will be listed. To mount the volume, the host that you select must have the glusterfs and glusterfs-fuse packages installed.
- In the Path field, enter the IP address or FQDN of the Red Hat Gluster Storage server and the volume name separated by a colon.
- Enter additional Mount Options, as you would normally provide them to the
mount
command using the-o
argument. The mount options should be provided in a comma-separated list. Seeman mount
for a list of valid mount options. - Optionally, you can configure the advanced parameters.
- Click Advanced Parameters.
- Enter a percentage value into the Warning Low Space Indicator field. If the free space available on the storage domain is below this percentage, warning messages are displayed to the user and logged.
- Enter a GB value into the Critical Space Action Blocker field. If the free space available on the storage domain is below this value, error messages are displayed to the user and logged, and any new action that consumes space, even temporarily, will be blocked.
- Select the Wipe After Delete check box to enable the wipe after delete option. This option can be edited after the domain is created, but doing so will not change the wipe after delete property of disks that already exist.
- Clickto mount the volume as a storage domain and close the window.
8.2.4. Creating a Storage Volume
Important
Procedure 8.4. Creating A Storage Volume
- Click the Volumes resource tab to list existing volumes in the results list.
- Click New Volume window.to open the
- Use the drop-down menus to select the Data Center and Volume Cluster.
- Enter the Name of the volume.
- Use the drop-down menu to select the Type of the volume.
- If active, select the appropriate Transport Type check box.
- Click thebutton to select bricks to add to the volume. Bricks must be created externally on the Red Hat Gluster Storage nodes.
- If active, use the Gluster, NFS, and CIFS check boxes to select the appropriate access protocols used for the volume.
- Enter the volume access control as a comma-separated list of IP addresses or hostnames in the Allow Access From field.You can use the * wildcard to specify ranges of IP addresses or hostnames.
- Select the Optimize for Virt Store option to set the parameters to optimize your volume for virtual machine storage. Select this if you intend to use this volume as a storage domain.
- Click Volume tab.to create the volume. The new volume is added and displays on the
8.2.5. Adding Bricks to a Volume
You can expand your volumes by adding new bricks. You need to add at least one brick to a distributed volume, multiples of two bricks to replicated volumes, and multiples of four bricks to striped volumes when expanding your storage space.
Procedure 8.5. Adding Bricks to a Volume
- On the Volumes tab on the navigation pane, select the volume to which you want to add bricks.
- Click thetab from the Details pane.
- Click Add Bricks window.to open the
- Use the Server drop-down menu to select the server on which the brick resides.
- Enter the path of the Brick Directory. The directory must already exist.
- Click. The brick appears in the list of bricks in the volume, with server addresses and brick directory names.
- Click.
The new bricks are added to the volume and the bricks display in the volume's Bricks tab.
8.2.6. Explanation of Settings in the Add Bricks Window
Field Name
|
Description
|
---|---|
Volume Type
|
Displays the type of volume. This field cannot be changed; it was set when you created the volume.
|
Server
|
The server where the bricks are hosted.
|
Brick Directory |
The brick directory or mountpoint.
|
8.2.7. Optimizing Red Hat Gluster Storage Volumes to Store Virtual Machine Images
Important
Important
virt
. This sets the cluster.quorum-type
parameter to auto
, and the cluster.server-quorum-type
parameter to server
.
# gluster volume set VOLUME_NAME group virt
# gluster volume info VOLUME_NAME
8.2.8. Starting Volumes
After a volume has been created or an existing volume has been stopped, it needs to be started before it can be used.
Procedure 8.6. Starting Volumes
- In the Volumes tab, select the volume to be started.You can select multiple volumes to start by using
Shift
orCtrl
key. - Click thebutton.
Up
.
You can now use your volume for virtual machine storage.
8.2.9. Tuning Volumes
Tuning volumes allows you to affect their performance. To tune volumes, you add options to them.
Procedure 8.7. Tuning Volumes
- Click the Volumes tab.A list of volumes displays.
- Select the volume that you want to tune, and click thetab from the Details pane.The Volume Options tab displays a list of options set for the volume.
- Click Add Option dialog box displays. Select the Option Key from the drop down list and enter the option value.to set an option. The
- Click.The option is set and displays in the Volume Options tab.
You have tuned the options for your storage volume.
8.2.10. Editing Volume Options
You have tuned your volume by adding options to it. You can change the options for your storage volume.
Procedure 8.8. Editing Volume Options
- Click the Volumes tab.A list of volumes displays.
- Select the volume that you want to edit, and click the Volume Options tab from the Details pane.The Volume Options tab displays a list of options set for the volume.
- Select the option you want to edit. Click Edit Option dialog box displays. Enter a new value for the option.. The
- Click.The edited option displays in the Volume Options tab.
You have changed the options on your volume.
8.2.11. Reset Volume Options
You can reset options to revert them to their default values.
- Click the Volumes tab.A list of volumes displays.
- Select the volume and click thetab from the Details pane.The Volume Options tab displays a list of options set for the volume.
- Select the option you want to reset. Click. A dialog box displays, prompting to confirm the reset option.
- Click.The selected option is reset.
Note
You have reset volume options to default.
8.2.12. Removing Bricks from a Volume
You can shrink volumes, as needed, while the cluster is online and available. For example, you might need to remove a brick that has become inaccessible in a distributed volume due to hardware or network failure.
Procedure 8.9. Removing Bricks from a Volume
- On the Volumes tab on the navigation pane, select the volume from which you wish to remove bricks.
- Click thetab from the Details pane.
- Select the bricks you wish to remove. Click.
- A window opens, prompting to confirm the deletion. Click OK to confirm.
The bricks are removed from the volume.
8.2.13. Stopping Red Hat Gluster Storage Volumes
Procedure 8.10. Stopping Volumes
- In the Volumes tab, select the volume to be stopped.You can select multiple volumes to stop by using
Shift
orCtrl
key. - Click.
8.2.14. Deleting Red Hat Gluster Storage Volumes
- In the Volumes tab, select the volume to be deleted.
- Click. A dialog box displays, prompting to confirm the deletion. Click .
8.2.15. Rebalancing Volumes
If a volume has been expanded or shrunk by adding or removing bricks to or from that volume, the data on the volume must be rebalanced amongst the servers.
Procedure 8.11. Rebalancing a Volume
- Click the Volumes tab.A list of volumes displays.
- Select the volume to rebalance.
- Click Rebalance.
The selected volume is rebalanced.