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Configuring data sources in your Quarkus applications

Red Hat build of Quarkus 1.11

Abstract

Configure a data source for your Quarkus application using extensions for built-in database drivers and connect your application to a relational database.

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When you want to add persistent data storage to your application, you must connect your application to a relational database. To achieve this, you use a data source that you connect to your application using a database driver. You can connect your Quarkus application to one or multiple data sources. You can use the data source management functionalities integrated into Quarkus to:

  • configure your application to use one or multiple data sources
  • obtain references to data sources in your code
  • view and set pool tuning configuration properties

In Quarkus applications, you can use two types of database drivers to connect your application to a relational database. You can use multiple data sources of both types in one application simultaneously:

JDBC drivers
that use the standard JDBC API that provides database connectivity for Java-based application. Quarkus JDBC drivers manage database connections using Agroal, a fast, light-weight, and highly scalable database connection pool implementation that is integrated with other features of Quarkus, including security, transaction management and health checks.
Reactive drivers
that are based on the data source driver implementation in Eclipse Vert.x. Eclipse Vert.x reactive data source drivers provide the non-blocking and reactive network-related features of Quarkus and are suitable for applications that are designed to be highly scalable and event-driven.

You can configure both types of data source drivers using a set of unified and flexible configuration options that Quarkus provides.

When you set the db-kind property in the configuration file of your application to match the type of your data source that you want to use, Quarkus automatically resolves the appropriate type of database driver. The following procedure demonstrates how you can set the db-kind property for a data source.

Prerequisites

  • You have a Quarkus Maven project.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to your Quarkus project directory.

  2. In the src/main/resources/application.properties file, set the value of the db-kind property to match the type of the data source that you want to use. The following example uses postgresql as the data source type: 

    quarkus.datasource.db-kind=postgresql
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

1.2. Setting database credentials
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You can define credentials that your application uses to access your database. Defining access credentials for your database is optional. You can skip this procedure when configuring a data source for your application.

Prerequisites

  • You have a Quarkus Maven project.
  • You have set the db-kind property for your data source.
  • Your Quarkus application is in JVM mode. This prerequisite applies when you use a JDBC driver that Quarkus does not support in native mode.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to your Quarkus project directory.

  2. In the src/main/resources/application.properties file, set the value of the quarkus.datasource.username property to match the username that your application uses to access the database: 

    quarkus.datasource.username=<username>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. In the src/main/resources/application.properties file, set the value of the quarkus.datasource.password property to match the password that your application uses to access the database: 

    quarkus.datasource.password=<password>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

The following table provides an overview of Quarkus built-in databases and the extensions that you can use to connect your application to a relational database:

Expand
Table 1.1. Driver extensions for Quarkus built-in databases
Database built-indb-kindAgroal extensionReactive extension

DB2

db2

quarkus-jdbc-db2

quarkus-reactive-db2-client

Derby

derby

quarkus-jdbc-derby

N/A

H2

h2

quarkus-jdbc-h2

N/A

MariaDB

mariadb

quarkus-jdbc-mariadb

quarkus-reactive-mysql-client

Microsoft SQL Server

mssql

quarkus-jdbc-mssql

N/A

MySQL

mysql

quarkus-jdbc-mysql

quarkus-reactive-mysql-client

PostgreSQL

postgresql, pgsql, or pg

quarkus-jdbc-postgresql

quarkus-reactive-pg-client

You can configure H2 and Derby databases to run in embedded mode. The H2 and Derby driver extensions do not support compiling the embedded database engine into native executables.

Important

This table includes supported and community artifacts. For a list of supported Maven artifacts, see the Red Hat build of Quarkus Component Details page.

When you use one of the built-in database kinds the JDBC driver resolves automatically to the following values:

Expand
Table 1.2. JDBC and XA drivers for Quarkus built-in databases
DatabaseJDBC driverXA driver

DB2

com.ibm.db2.jcc.DBDriver

com.ibm.db2.jcc.DB2XADataSource

Derby

org.apache.derby.jdbc.ClientDriver

org.apache.derby.jdbc.ClientXADataSource

H2

org.h2.Driver

org.h2.jdbcx.JdbcDataSource

MariaDB

org.mariadb.jdbc.Driver

org.mariadb.jdbc.MySQLDataSource

Microsoft SQL Server

com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver

com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerXADataSource

MySQL

com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

com.mysql.cj.jdbc.MysqlXADataSource

PostgreSQL

org.postgresql.Driver

org.postgresql.xa.PGXADataSource

Note

You can configure H2 and Derby databases to run in embedded mode. The H2 and Derby driver extensions do not support compiling the embedded database engine into native executables.

Chapter 2. JDBC data source configuration
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JDBC is the database connection API most commonly used in Java-based applications. You can use a JDBC data source driver to connect your application to a relational database.

To configure a JDBC data source, you must

  • add the quarkus-agroal extension to your application
  • add a db-kind extension to your application
  • specify the JDBC URL that your application uses to access the data source

The following example shows how you can connect a postgresql data source to your application and specify the access credentials and the JDBC URL for the data source. For more information on how to specify the JDBC URL see Setting the JDBC URL of your data source.

Example of JDBC data source configuration

quarkus.datasource.db-kind=postgresql
quarkus.datasource.username=<your_username>
quarkus.datasource.password=<your_password>

quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/hibernate_orm_test
quarkus.datasource.jdbc.max-size=16
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You must install the quarkus-agroal extension and a Quarkus JDBC database driver extension to configure a JDBC data source. The JDBC database driver that you add must match the type of JDBC database that you want to use.

The following procedure demonstrates how to install Quarkus extensions for JDBC data sources.

Prerequisites

  • You have a Quarkus Maven project.
  • You have set the db-kind property for your data source.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to your Quarkus project directory.

  2. Add the quarkus-agroal extension to your project: 

    ./mvnw quarkus:add-extension -Dextensions="agroal"
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Add the Quarkus extension for the appropriate type of relational database driver to your application: 

    ./mvnw quarkus:add-extension -Dextensions="<extension>"
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    For example, to add a PostgreSQL database driver extension, use: 

    ./mvnw quarkus:add-extension -Dextensions="jdbc-postgresql"
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Note

If you are using Hibernate ORM, you do not need to add the Agroal extension dependency explicitly. Agroal is a transitive dependency of the Hibernate ORM extension. You must use a JDBC data source driver with Hibernate ORM.

2.2. Setting the JDBC URL of your data source
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You must set the JDBC URL to complete the configuration of your JDBC data source. The following procedure demonstrates how to set the JDBC URL.

Prerequisites

  • You have a Quarkus Maven project.
  • You have added the corresponding data source driver to your application.
  • You have set the db-kind property for your data source.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to your Quarkus project directory.
  2. Open the src/main/resources/application.properties file.

  3. Set the value of the quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url property to match the JDBC URL for your data source: 

    quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url=<JDBC_URL>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    For example, to set the JDBC URL of a PostgreSQL data source, use: 

    quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/hibernate_orm_test
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

If you are using Hibernate ORM, your application automatically recognizes and connects to an available JDBC data source. To access the data source in your application code, you can obtain it as a CDI bean.

Prerequisites

  • You have a Quarkus Maven project.
  • You have installed Hibernate ORM.

Procedure

  • To access the data source in your application code, add the @Inject annotation to the dataSource property: 

    import javax.sql.DataSource;

@Inject DataSource dataSource;
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You can simultaneously configure a JDBC driver extension and a reactive driver extension for the same data source in your application. You can disable the JDBC data source driver in a simultaneous configuration, thus forcing your application to use the reactive data source driver.

Prerequisites

  • You have a Quarkus Maven project.
  • You have a JDBC data source driver and a reactive data source driver configured simultaneously in your application.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to your Quarkus project directory.
  2. Open the src/main/resources/application.properties file.

  3. Set the quarkus.datasource.jdbc property to false to disable the JDBC data source: 

    quarkus.datasource.jdbc=false
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You can use JDBC drivers and databases that do not have built-in driver extensions. The following procedure demonstrates how to configure a JDBC driver with no built-in extension.

Note

You can use any JDBC driver while using your Quarkus application in JVM mode. The non-included JDBC drivers may not function properly when you compile your Quarkus as a native executable.

Prerequisites

  • You have a Quarkus Maven project.
  • Your Quarkus application is in JVM mode.
  • You add the data source driver that you want to use as a dependency in the pom.xml file of your project.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to your Quarkus project directory.
  2. Open the src/main/resources/application.properties file.

  3. Set the value of the db-kind property to other: 

    quarkus.datasource.db-kind=other
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Set the value of the quarkus.datasource.jdbc.driver property to match the type of driver extension that you want to use: 

    quarkus.datasource.jdbc.driver=<driver>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Set the value of the quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url property to match the JDBC URL for your data source: 

    quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url=<JDBC_URL>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    For example, Quarkus does not provide a built-in driver extension for the OpenTracing driver. Ensure that you add the opentracing-jdbc artifact to your pom.xml file, and set the following properties in your application.properties file to configure the OpenTracing driver: 

    quarkus.datasource.db-kind=postgresql
quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url=jdbc:tracing:postgresql://localhost:5432/mydatabase
quarkus.datasource.jdbc.driver=io.opentracing.contrib.jdbc.TracingDriver
quarkus.hibernate-orm.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

2.6. Configuring multiple JDBC data sources
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You can configure multiple JDBC data sources for your Quarkus application with Agroal.

Note

When you use the Hibernate ORM extension, you can add multiple persistent data storage units to your application. For each persistence unit, you can point to the data source of your choice.

Prerequisites

  • You have a Quarkus Maven project.
  • You have multiple JDBC data sources.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to your Quarkus project directory.

  2. In the src/main/resources/application.properties file, set the following properties for each of your data sources:

    The following example shows the complete configuration for 3 JDBC data sources: 

    quarkus.datasource.db-kind=h2
    1 
    
quarkus.datasource.username=username-default
    2 
    
quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url=jdbc:h2:tcp://localhost/mem:default
    3 
    
quarkus.datasource.jdbc.min-size=3
    4 
    
quarkus.datasource.jdbc.max-size=13
    5 
    

quarkus.datasource.users.db-kind=h2
    6 
    
quarkus.datasource.users.username=username1
quarkus.datasource.users.jdbc.url=jdbc:h2:tcp://localhost/mem:users
quarkus.datasource.users.jdbc.min-size=1
quarkus.datasource.users.jdbc.max-size=11

quarkus.datasource.inventory.db-kind=h2
quarkus.datasource.inventory.username=username2
quarkus.datasource.inventory.jdbc.url=jdbc:h2:tcp://localhost/mem:inventory
quarkus.datasource.inventory.jdbc.min-size=2
quarkus.datasource.inventory.jdbc.max-size=12
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    The type of the data source that you want to use.
    2
    The username for the data source.
    3
    The JDBC connection URL of the data source.
    4
    The minimum number of connections that are maintained in the connection pool of the data source.
    5
    The maximum number of connections that are maintained in the connection pool of the data source.
    6
    If you choose users as the name of the data source, the fully qualified reference of your data source is quarkus.datasource.users

  3. Inject multiple data sources into by adding the @Inject annotation to each one of the class properties. When you configure multiple data sources for your application, ensure that you add the io.quarkus.agroal.DataSource qualifier with the name of the data source as the value to each DataSource class: 

    import javax.inject.Inject;
import io.agroal.api.AgroalDataSource;
import io.quarkus.agroal.DataSource;

@Inject
AgroalDataSource defaultDataSource;

@Inject
@DataSource("users")
AgroalDataSource usersDataSource;

@Inject
@DataSource("inventory")
AgroalDataSource inventoryDataSource;
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Chapter 3. Reactive data source configuration
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You can use a reactive data source driver to connect your application to a relational database.

You must configure the connection URL for the reactive data source to complete configuration of your data source.

Prerequisites

  • You have a Quarkus Maven project.
  • You have added a reactive data source driver to your application.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to your Quarkus project directory.

  2. In the src/main/resources/application.properties file, set the value of the quarkus.datasource.reactive.url property to match the connection URL of your reactive data source: 

    quarkus.datasource.reactive.url=<datasource_URL>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    For example, to set the reactive data source connection URL for the PostgreSQL data source: 

    quarkus.datasource.reactive.url=postgresql:///your_database
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Optionally, you can set the maximum number of connections in the connection pool of your data source to improve the performance of your application: 

    quarkus.datasource.reactive.max-size=20
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    For example, to add a postgresql data source with a reactive data source driver: 

    quarkus.datasource.db-kind=postgresql
quarkus.datasource.username=<your_username>
quarkus.datasource.password=<your_password>

quarkus.datasource.reactive.url=postgresql://localhost:5432/quarkus_test_database
quarkus.datasource.reactive.max-size=20
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You can simultaneously configure a reactive driver extension and a JDBC driver extension for the same data source in your application. You can disable the reactive data source driver in a simultaneous configuration, thus forcing your application to use the JDBC data source driver.

Prerequisites

  • You have a Quarkus Maven project.
  • You have a JDBC data source driver and a reactive data source driver configured simultaneously in your application.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to your Quarkus project directory.
  2. Open the src/main/resources/application.properties file.

  3. Set the quarkus.datasource.reactive property to false to disable the reactive data source: 

    quarkus.datasource.reactive=false
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Chapter 4. Data source management
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You can enable additional features through application properties to manage data sources.

4.1. Data source health check
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External systems (like Kubernetes) perform health checks on your data sources to determine if your application is able to respond to requests.

If you are using the quarkus-smallrye-health extension, the quarkus-agroal and reactive client extensions automatically add a readiness health check to validate the data source.

To view information about the data source validation status, access the /health/ready endpoint of your application. If you have multiple data sources, the application checks all data sources and their statuses will be listed as DOWN on the endpoint if there is a data source validation failure.

You can disable this behavior using the quarkus.datasource.health.enabled property.

4.2. Data source metrics
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When you use either the quarkus-smallrye-metrics or the quarkus-micrometer extension, metrics emitted by the quarkus-agroal extension are exposed on the metrics endpoint /q/metrics.

To enable metrics for all data sources, you can set the quarkus.datasource.jdbc.enable-metrics property to true. To disable metrics for all data sources, set quarkus.datasource.jdbc.enable-metrics property to false.

When you have data source metrics enabled (quarkus.datasource.jdbc.enable-metrics=true), you can disable metrics for a specific data source by setting quarkus.datasource.<datasource_name>.jdbc.enable-metrics property for a named data source to false.

When you have data source metrics disabled (quarkus.datasource.jdbc.enable-metrics=false), you can enable metrics for a specific datasource by setting quarkus.datasource.<datasource_name>.jdbc.enable-metrics property for a named data source to true.

You can use this feature to access the collected metrics programmatically. The collected metrics are available after calling the dataSource.getMetrics() method on an injected AgroalDataSource instance. If collection of metrics is disabled for the data source, all values are zero.

4.3. Narayana transaction manager integration
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Narayana transaction manager integration is automatically added when the quarkus-narayana-jta extension is available.

You can override this by setting the quarkus.datasource.jdbc.transactions configuration property.

4.4. Test with in-memory databases
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Use the database you intend to use in production, container technologies made it simple to achieve. It is possible to run integration tests using the JVM powered databases as well. H2 and Derby databases are commonly used in embedded mode to run integration tests.

The embedded engine will function properly in JVM mode but is unable to compile into a native executable. Quarkus does not support embedding the entire database engine into a native executable.

If you want to run integration tests in both JVM and/or native executables, you can add either @QuarkusTestResource(H2DatabaseTestResource.class) or @QuarkusTestResource(DerbyDatabaseTestResource.class) on any class in your integration tests. The test suite can now start and stop the embedded database as a separate process as necessary to run your tests.

@QuarkusTestResource(H2DatabaseTestResource.class) and @QuarkusTestResource(DerbyDatabaseTestResource.class) are provided by the artifacts having Maven coordinates io.quarkus:quarkus-test-h2 and io.quarkus:quarkus-test-derby, respectively for H2 and Derby.

The following example demonstrates how to use the helper for H2 databases: 

package my.app.integrationtests.db;

import io.quarkus.test.common.QuarkusTestResource;
import io.quarkus.test.h2.H2DatabaseTestResource;

@QuarkusTestResource(H2DatabaseTestResource.class)
public class TestResources {
}
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This allows you to test your application even when it is compiled into a native executable, while the database will run in the JVM as usual.

Connect to it using: 

quarkus.datasource.db-kind=h2
quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url=jdbc:h2:tcp://localhost/mem:test
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You can use a JDBC database connection URL to connect to a relational database. Each database has its own format of the database URL that contains information about the database itself and other configuration properties.

The following examples show you JDBC database connection URLs for databases that have been tested with Red Hat build of Quarkus. For more information about supported databases and versions, see the Red Hat build of Quarkus Supported Configurations page.

A.1. PostgreSQL database URL example
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PostgreSQL runs only as a server. You must specify connection details or use the default values.

Configuration options

jdbc:postgresql:[//][host][:port][/database][?key=value…​]
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Example

jdbc:postgresql://localhost/test
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A.2. MariaDB database URL example
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MariaDB only runs as a server. You must specify connection details or use the default values.

Configuration options

jdbc:mariadb:[replication:|failover:|sequential:|aurora:]//<hostDescription>[,<hostDescription>…​]/[database][?<key1>=<value1>[&<key2>=<value2>]] hostDescription:: <host>[:<portnumber>] or address=(host=<host>)[(port=<portnumber>)][(type=(master|slave))]
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Example

jdbc:mariadb://localhost:3306/test
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A.3. MySQL database URL example
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MySQL runs only as a server. You must specify connection details or use the default values.

Configuration options

jdbc:mysql:[replication:|failover:|sequential:|aurora:]//<hostDescription>[,<hostDescription>…​]/[database][?<key1>=<value1>[&<key2>=<value2>]] hostDescription:: <host>[:<portnumber>] or address=(host=<host>)[(port=<portnumber>)][(type=(master|slave))]
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Example

jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
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A.4. Microsoft SQL Server database URL example
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Microsoft SQL Server uses default system values unless you specify different values. The Microsoft SQL Server JDBC drivers function the same way as other drivers. The connection URL should be in the following format:

Configuration options

jdbc:sqlserver://[serverName[\instanceName][:portNumber]][;property=value[;property=value]]
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Example

jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;databaseName=AdventureWorks
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You can use a JDBC database connection URL to connect to a relational database. Each database has its own format of the database URL that contains information about the database itself and other configuration properties.

The following examples show you JDBC database connection URLs for databases with development support. For more information about development support, see the Development Support Scope of Coverage page.

B.1. Derby database URL example
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Derby is an embedded database that can run as a server, based on a file, or live in memory.

Configuration options

jdbc:derby:[//serverName[:portNumber]/][memory:]databaseName[;property=value[;property=value]]
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Example

jdbc:derby://localhost:1527/myDB, jdbc:derby:memory:myDB;create=true
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B.2. H2 database URL example
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H2 is an embedded database that can run as a server, based on a file, or live completely in memory.

Configuration options

jdbc:h2:{ {.|mem:}[name] | [file:]fileName | {tcp|ssl}:[//]server[:port][,server2[:port]]/name }[;key=value…​]
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Example

jdbc:h2:tcp://localhost/~/test, jdbc:h2:mem:myDB
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Revised on 2021-06-24 09:07:31 UTC

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