Getting started with security

To complete this guide, you need:

This tutorial gives detailed steps for creating an application with endpoints that illustrate various authorization policies:

git clone https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus-quickstarts.git -b 3.15

For Quarkus Security to be able to map your security source to Jakarta Persistence entities, ensure that the Maven project in this tutorial includes the quarkus-security-jpa extension.

package org.acme.security.jpa;

import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
import jakarta.persistence.Table;

import io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.panache.PanacheEntity;
import io.quarkus.elytron.security.common.BcryptUtil;
import io.quarkus.security.jpa.Password;
import io.quarkus.security.jpa.Roles;
import io.quarkus.security.jpa.UserDefinition;
import io.quarkus.security.jpa.Username;

@Entity
@Table(name = "test_user")
@UserDefinition 1
public class User extends PanacheEntity {
    @Username 2
    public String username;
    @Password 3
    public String password;
    @Roles 4
    public String role;

    /**
     * Adds a new user to the database
     * @param username the username
     * @param password the unencrypted password (it is encrypted with bcrypt)
     * @param role the comma-separated roles
     */
    public static void add(String username, String password, String role) { 5
        User user = new User();
        user.username = username;
        user.password = BcryptUtil.bcryptHash(password);
        user.role = role;
        user.persist();
    }
}

The quarkus-security-jpa extension only initializes if a single entity is annotated with @UserDefinition.

package org.acme.security.jpa;

import jakarta.enterprise.event.Observes;
import jakarta.inject.Singleton;
import jakarta.transaction.Transactional;

import io.quarkus.runtime.StartupEvent;


@Singleton
public class Startup {
    @Transactional
    public void loadUsers(@Observes StartupEvent evt) {
        // reset and load all test users
        User.deleteAll();
        User.add("admin", "admin", "admin");
        User.add("user", "user", "user");
    }
}

The preceding example demonstrates how the application can be protected and identities provided by the specified database.

Complete the integration testing of your application in JVM and native modes by using Dev Services for PostgreSQL before you run your application in production mode.

Start by adding the following dependencies to your test project:

To run your application in dev mode:

The following properties configuration demonstrates how to enable PostgreSQL testing to run only in production (prod) mode. In this scenario, Dev Services for PostgreSQL launches and configures a PostgreSQL test container.

%prod.quarkus.datasource.db-kind=postgresql
%prod.quarkus.datasource.username=quarkus
%prod.quarkus.datasource.password=quarkus
%prod.quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost/quarkus

quarkus.hibernate-orm.database.generation=drop-and-create

If you add the %prod. profile prefix, data source properties are not visible to Dev Services for PostgreSQL and are only observed by an application running in production mode.

To write the integration test, use the following code sample:

package org.acme.security.jpa;

import static io.restassured.RestAssured.get;
import static io.restassured.RestAssured.given;
import static org.hamcrest.core.Is.is;

import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTest;

@QuarkusTest
public class JpaSecurityRealmTest {

    @Test
    void shouldAccessPublicWhenAnonymous() {
        get("/api/public")
                .then()
                .statusCode(HttpStatus.SC_OK);

    }

    @Test
    void shouldNotAccessAdminWhenAnonymous() {
        get("/api/admin")
                .then()
                .statusCode(HttpStatus.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);

    }

    @Test
    void shouldAccessAdminWhenAdminAuthenticated() {
        given()
                .auth().preemptive().basic("admin", "admin")
                .when()
                .get("/api/admin")
                .then()
                .statusCode(HttpStatus.SC_OK);

    }

    @Test
    void shouldNotAccessUserWhenAdminAuthenticated() {
        given()
                .auth().preemptive().basic("admin", "admin")
                .when()
                .get("/api/users/me")
                .then()
                .statusCode(HttpStatus.SC_FORBIDDEN);
    }

    @Test
    void shouldAccessUserAndGetIdentityWhenUserAuthenticated() {
        given()
                .auth().preemptive().basic("user", "user")
                .when()
                .get("/api/users/me")
                .then()
                .statusCode(HttpStatus.SC_OK)
                .body(is("user"));
    }
}

As you can see in this code sample, you do not need to start the test container from the test code.

To test your application using Curl or the browser, you must first start a PostgreSQL server, then compile and run your application either in JVM or native mode.

docker run --rm=true --name security-getting-started -e POSTGRES_USER=quarkus \
           -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=quarkus -e POSTGRES_DB=quarkus \
           -p 5432:5432 postgres:14.1

$ curl -i -X GET -u admin:admin http://localhost:8080/api/users/me

HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Content-Length: 34
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8

Forbidden

$ curl -i -X GET -u user:user http://localhost:8080/api/users/me

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 4
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8

user

You have successfully learned how to create and test a secure Quarkus application. This was achieved by integrating the built-in Basic authentication in Quarkus with the Jakarta Persistence identity provider.

After completing this tutorial, you can explore more advanced security mechanisms in Quarkus. The following information shows you how to use OpenID Connect for secure single sign-on access to your Quarkus endpoints:

Quarkus security offers a Jakarta Persistence integration to collect usernames, passwords, and roles and store them into Jakarta Persistence database entities.

The following Jakarta Persistence entity specification demonstrates how users' information needs to be stored in a Jakarta Persistence entity and correctly mapped so that Quarkus can retrieve this information from a database.

The following example demonstrates storing security information by adding annotations to the user entity:

package org.acme.security.jpa;

import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
import jakarta.persistence.Table;

import io.quarkus.hibernate.orm.panache.PanacheEntity;
import io.quarkus.elytron.security.common.BcryptUtil;
import io.quarkus.security.jpa.Password;
import io.quarkus.security.jpa.Roles;
import io.quarkus.security.jpa.UserDefinition;
import io.quarkus.security.jpa.Username;

@Entity
@Table(name = "test_user")
@UserDefinition 1
public class User extends PanacheEntity {
    @Username 2
    public String username;
    @Password 3
    public String password;
    @Roles 4
    public String role;

    /**
     * Adds a new user to the database
     * @param username the username
     * @param password the unencrypted password (it is encrypted with bcrypt)
     * @param role the comma-separated roles
     */
    public static void add(String username, String password, String role) { 5
        User user = new User();
        user.username = username;
        user.password = BcryptUtil.bcryptHash(password);
        user.role = role;
        user.persist();
    }
}

The quarkus-security-jpa extension initializes only if a single entity is annotated with @UserDefinition.

Use the following example to store roles inside another Jakarta Persistence entity:

@UserDefinition
@Table(name = "test_user")
@Entity
public class User extends PanacheEntity {
    @Username
    public String name;

    @Password
    public String pass;

    @ManyToMany
    @Roles
    public List<Role> roles = new ArrayList<>();
}

@Entity
public class Role extends PanacheEntity {

    @ManyToMany(mappedBy = "roles")
    public List<User> users;

    @RolesValue
    public String role;
}

When developing applications with Quarkus, you can decide how to manage password storage and hashing. You can keep the default password and hashing settings of Quarkus, or you can hash passwords manually.

With the default option, passwords are stored and hashed with bcrypt under the Modular Crypt Format (MCF). While using MCF, the hashing algorithm, iteration count, and salt are stored as a part of the hashed value. As such, we do not need dedicated columns to keep them.

To represent passwords stored in the database that were hashed by different algorithms, create a class that implements org.wildfly.security.password.PasswordProvider as shown in the following example.

The following snippet shows how to set a custom password provider that represents a password that was hashed with the SHA256 hashing algorithm.

import jakarta.persistence.Column;
import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import jakarta.persistence.Id;
import jakarta.persistence.Table;

import io.quarkus.security.jpa.Password;
import io.quarkus.security.jpa.PasswordType;
import io.quarkus.security.jpa.Roles;
import io.quarkus.security.jpa.UserDefinition;
import io.quarkus.security.jpa.Username;

@UserDefinition
@Table(name = "test_user")
@Entity
public class CustomPasswordUserEntity {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    public Long id;

    @Column(name = "username")
    @Username
    public String name;

    @Column(name = "password")
    @Password(value = PasswordType.CUSTOM, provider = CustomPasswordProvider.class)
    public String pass;

    @Roles
    public String role;
}

import jakarta.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter;

import org.wildfly.security.password.Password;
import org.wildfly.security.password.interfaces.SimpleDigestPassword;

import io.quarkus.security.jpa.PasswordProvider;

public class CustomPasswordProvider implements PasswordProvider {
    @Override
    public Password getPassword(String passwordInDatabase) {
        byte[] digest = DatatypeConverter.parseHexBinary(passwordInDatabase);

        // Let the security runtime know that this passwordInDatabase is hashed by using the SHA256 hashing algorithm
        return SimpleDigestPassword.createRaw(SimpleDigestPassword.ALGORITHM_SIMPLE_DIGEST_SHA_256, digest);
    }
}

Configuration property fixed at build time - All other configuration properties are overridable at runtime