Search

Configuring your Red Hat build of Quarkus applications by using a properties file

download PDF
Red Hat build of Quarkus 3.8

Red Hat Customer Content Services

Abstract

This guide describes how to configure Red Hat build of Quarkus applications by using a properties file.

Providing feedback on Red Hat build of Quarkus documentation

To report an error or to improve our documentation, log in to your Red Hat Jira account and submit an issue. If you do not have a Red Hat Jira account, then you will be prompted to create an account.

Procedure

  1. Click the following link to create a ticket.
  2. Enter a brief description of the issue in the Summary.
  3. Provide a detailed description of the issue or enhancement in the Description. Include a URL to where the issue occurs in the documentation.
  4. Clicking Submit creates and routes the issue to the appropriate documentation team.

Making open source more inclusive

Red Hat is committed to replacing problematic language in our code, documentation, and web properties. We are beginning with these four terms: master, slave, blacklist, and whitelist. Because of the enormity of this endeavor, these changes will be implemented gradually over several upcoming releases. For more details, see our CTO Chris Wright’s message.

Chapter 1. Configuring your Red Hat build of Quarkus applications by using a properties file

As an application developer, you can use Red Hat build of Quarkus to create microservices-based applications written in Java that run on OpenShift and serverless environments. Applications compiled to native executables have small memory footprints and fast startup times.

You can configure your Quarkus application by using either of the following methods:

  • Setting properties in the application.properties file
  • Applying structured configuration in YAML format by updating the application.yaml file

You can also extend and customize the configuration for your application by doing the following:

  • Substituting and composing configuration property values by using property expressions
  • Implementing MicroProfile-compliant classes with custom configuration source converters that read configuration values from different external sources
  • Using configuration profiles to keep separate sets of configuration values for your development, test, and production environments

The procedures include configuration examples that are created by using the Quarkus config-quickstart exercise.

Prerequisites

  • You have installed OpenJDK 17 or 21 and set the JAVA_HOME environment variable to specify the location of the Java SDK.

    • To download the Red Hat build of OpenJDK, log in to the Red Hat Customer Portal and go to Software Downloads.
  • You have installed Apache Maven 3.8.6 or later.

  • You have configured Maven to use artifacts from the Quarkus Maven repository.

1.1. Red Hat configuration options

You can use configuration options to change the settings of your application in a single configuration file. Red Hat build of Quarkus supports configuration profiles that you can use to group related properties and switch between profiles as required.

By default, Quarkus reads properties from the application.properties file located in the src/main/resources directory. You can also configure Quarkus to read properties from a YAML file instead.

When you add the quarkus-config-yaml dependency to your project pom.xml file, you can configure and manage your application properties in the application.yaml file. For more information, see Adding YAML configuration support.

Red Hat build of Quarkus also supports MicroProfile Config, which you can use to load your application’s configuration from other sources.

You can use the MicroProfile Config specification from the Eclipse MicroProfile project to inject configuration properties into your application and access them by using a method defined in your code.

Quarkus can also read application properties from different origins, including the following sources:

  • The file system
  • A database
  • A Kubernetes or OpenShift Container Platform ConfigMap or Secret object
  • Any source that a Java application can load

1.2. Creating the configuration quickstart project

With the config-quickstart project, you can get up and running with a simple Quarkus application by using Apache Maven and the Quarkus Maven plugin. The following procedure describes how you can create a Quarkus Maven project.

Prerequisites

  • You have installed OpenJDK 17 or 21 and set the JAVA_HOME environment variable to specify the location of the Java SDK.

    • To download Red Hat build of OpenJDK, log in to the Red Hat Customer Portal and go to Software Downloads.
  • You have installed Apache Maven 3.8.6 or later.

Procedure

  1. Verify that Maven uses OpenJDK 17 or 21 and that the Maven version is 3.8.6 or later:

    mvn --version
  2. If the mvn command does not return OpenJDK 17 or 21, ensure that the directory where OpenJDK 17 or 21 is installed on your system is included in the PATH environment variable:

    export PATH=$PATH:<path_to_JDK>
  3. Enter the following command to generate the project:

    mvn com.redhat.quarkus.platform:quarkus-maven-plugin:3.8.6.redhat-00004:create \
        -DprojectGroupId=org.acme \
        -DprojectArtifactId=config-quickstart \
        -DplatformGroupId=com.redhat.quarkus.platform \
        -DplatformVersion=3.8.6.redhat-00004 \
        -DclassName="org.acme.config.GreetingResource" \
        -Dpath="/greeting"
    cd config-quickstart

Verification

The preceding mvn command creates the following items in the config-quickstart directory:

  • The Maven project directory structure
  • An org.acme.config.GreetingResource resource
  • A landing page that you can access at http://localhost:8080 after you start the application
  • Associated unit tests for testing your application in native mode and JVM mode
  • Example Dockerfile.jvm and Dockerfile.native files in the src/main/docker subdirectory
  • The application configuration file
Note

Alternatively, you can download a Quarkus Maven project to use in this tutorial from the Quarkus Quickstarts archive or clone the Quarkus Quickstarts Git repository. The Quarkus config-quickstart exercise is located in the config-quickstart directory.

1.3. Injecting configuration values into your Red Hat build of Quarkus application

Red Hat build of Quarkus uses the MicroProfile Config feature to inject configuration data into the application. You can access the configuration by using context and dependency injection (CDI) or by defining a method in your code.

Use the @ConfigProperty annotation to map an object property to a key in the MicroProfile Config Sources file of your application.

The following procedure and examples show how you can inject an individual property configuration into a Quarkus config-quickstart project by using the Red Hat build of Quarkus Application configuration file, application.properties.

Note

You can use a MicroProfile Config configuration file, src/main/resources/META-INF/microprofile-config.properties, in exactly the same way you use the application.properties file.

Using the application.properties file is the preferred method.

Prerequisites

You have created the Quarkus config-quickstart project.

Procedure

  1. Open the src/main/resources/application.properties file.
  2. Add configuration properties to your configuration file where <property_name> is the property name and <value> is the value of the property:

    <property_name>=<value>

    The following example shows how to set the values for the greeting.message and the greeting.name properties in the Quarkus config-quickstart project:

    Example application.properties file

    greeting.message=hello
    greeting.name=quarkus

    Important

    When you are configuring your applications, do not prefix application-specific properties with the string quarkus. The quarkus prefix is reserved for configuring Quarkus at the framework level. Using quarkus as a prefix for application-specific properties might lead to unexpected results when your application runs.

  3. Review the GreetingResource.java Java file in your project. The file contains the GreetingResource class with the hello() method that returns a message when you send an HTTP request on the /greeting endpoint:

    Example GreetingResource.java file

    package org.acme.config;
    
    import java.util.Optional;
    
    import jakarta.ws.rs.GET;
    import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;
    import jakarta.ws.rs.Produces;
    import jakarta.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
    
    import org.eclipse.microprofile.config.inject.ConfigProperty;
    
    @Path("/greeting")
    public class GreetingResource {
    
        String message;
        Optional<String> name;
        String suffix;
    
    
        @GET
        @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
        public String hello() {
            return message + " " + name.orElse("world") + suffix;
        }
    }

    In the example provided, the values of the message and name strings in the hello() method are not initialized. The application throws a NullPointerException when the endpoint is called and starts successfully in this state.

  4. Define the message, name, and suffix fields, and annotate them with @ConfigProperty, matching the values that you defined for the greeting.message and greeting.name properties. Use the @ConfigProperty annotation to inject the configuration value for each string. For example:

    Example GreetingResource.java file

    package org.acme.config;
    
    import java.util.Optional;
    
    import jakarta.ws.rs.GET;
    import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;
    import jakarta.ws.rs.Produces;
    import jakarta.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
    
    import org.eclipse.microprofile.config.inject.ConfigProperty;
    
    @Path("/greeting")
    public class GreetingResource {
    
      @ConfigProperty(name = "greeting.message") 1
      String message;
    
      @ConfigProperty(name = "greeting.suffix", defaultValue="!") 2
      String suffix;
    
      @ConfigProperty(name = "greeting.name")
      Optional<String> name; 3
    
      @GET
      @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
      public String hello() {
          return message + " " + name.orElse("world") + suffix;
       }
    }

    1
    If you do not configure a value for the greeting.message string, the application fails and throws the following exception: jakarta.enterprise.inject.spi.DeploymentException: io.quarkus.runtime.configuration.ConfigurationException: Failed to load config value of type class java.lang.String for: greeting.message
    2
    If you do not configure a value for the greeting.suffix, Quarkus resolves it to the default value.
    3
    If you do not define the greeting.name property, the value of name is not available. Your application still runs even when this value is not available because you set the Optional parameter on name.
    Note

    To inject a configured value, you can use @ConfigProperty. You do not need to include the @Inject annotation for members that you annotate with @ConfigProperty.

  1. Compile and start your application in development mode:

    ./mvnw quarkus:dev
  2. Enter the following command in a new terminal window to verify that the endpoint returns the message:

    curl http://localhost:8080/greeting

    This command returns the following output:

    hello quarkus!
  3. To stop the application, press Ctrl+C.

1.4. Updating the functional test to validate configuration changes

Before you test the functionality of your application, you must update the functional test to reflect the changes that you made to the endpoint of your application. The following procedure shows how you can update your testHelloEndpoint method on the Quarkus config-quickstart project.

Procedure

  1. Open the GreetingResourceTest.java file.
  2. Update the content of the testHelloEndpoint method:

    package org.acme.config;
    
    import io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTest;
    import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
    
    import static io.restassured.RestAssured.given;
    import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
    
    @QuarkusTest
    public class GreetingResourceTest {
    
        @Test
        public void testHelloEndpoint() {
            given()
              .when().get("/greeting")
              .then()
                 .statusCode(200)
                 .body(is("hello quarkus!")); // Modified line
        }
    
    }

1.5. Setting configuration properties

By default, Quarkus reads properties from the application.properties file that is in the src/main/resources directory. If you change build properties, ensure that you repackage your application.

Quarkus configures most properties during build time. Extensions can define properties as overridable at runtime, for example, the database URL, a user name, and a password, which can be specific to your target environment.

Prerequisites

  • You have created the Quarkus config-quickstart project.
  • You have defined the greeting.message and greeting.name properties in the application.properties file of your project.

Procedure

  1. To package your Quarkus project, enter the following command:

    ./mvnw clean package
  2. Use one of the following methods to set the configuration properties:

    • Setting system properties:

      Enter the following command, where <property_name> is the name of the configuration property that you want to add and <value> is the value of the property:

      java -D<property_name>=<value> -jar target/quarkus-app/quarkus-run.jar

      For example, to set the value of the quarkus.datasource.password property, enter the following command:

      java -Dgreeting.suffix=? -jar target/quarkus-app/quarkus-run.jar
    • Setting environment variables:

      Enter the following command, where <property_name> is the name of the configuration property that you want to set and <value> is the value of the property:

      export <property_name>=<value> ; java -jar target/quarkus-app/quarkus-run.jar
      Note

      Environment variable names follow the conversion rules of Eclipse MicroProfile. Convert the name to upper case and replace any character that is not alphanumeric with an underscore (_).

    • Using an environment file:

      Create a .env file in your current working directory and add configuration properties, where <PROPERTY_NAME> is the property name and <value> is the value of the property:

      <PROPERTY_NAME>=<value>
      Note

      In development mode, this file is in the root directory of your project. Do not track the file in version control. If you create a .env file in the root directory of your project, you can define keys and values that the program reads as properties.

    • Using the application.properties file:

      Place the configuration file in the $PWD/config/application.properties directory where the application runs so that any runtime properties that are defined in that file override the default configuration.

      Note

      You can also use the config/application.properties features in development mode. Place the config/application.properties file inside the target directory. Any cleaning operation from the build tool, for example, mvn clean, also removes the config directory.

1.6. Advanced configuration mapping

The following advanced mapping procedures are extensions that are specific to Red Hat build of Quarkus and are outside of the MicroProfile Config specification.

1.6.1. Annotating an interface with @ConfigMapping

Instead of individually injecting multiple related configuration values, use the @io.smallrye.config.ConfigMapping annotation to group configuration properties. The following procedure describes how you can use the @ConfigMapping annotation on the Quarkus config-quickstart project.

Prerequisites

  • You have created the Quarkus config-quickstart project.
  • You have defined the greeting.message and greeting.name properties in the application.properties file of your project.

Procedure

  1. Review the GreetingResource.java file in your project and ensure that it contains the contents that are shown in the following example. To use the @ConfigPoperties annotation to inject configuration properties from another configuration source into this class, you must import the java.util.Optional and org.eclipse.microprofile.config.inject.ConfigProperty packages.

    Example GreetingResource.java file

    package org.acme.config;
    
    import java.util.Optional;
    
    import jakarta.ws.rs.GET;
    import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;
    import jakarta.ws.rs.Produces;
    import jakarta.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
    
    import org.eclipse.microprofile.config.inject.ConfigProperty;
    
    @Path("/greeting")
    public class GreetingResource {
    
        @ConfigProperty(name = "greeting.message")
        String message;
    
        @ConfigProperty(name = "greeting.suffix", defaultValue="!")
        String suffix;
    
        @ConfigProperty(name = "greeting.name")
        Optional<String> name;
    
        @GET
        @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
        public String hello() {
            return message + " " + name.orElse("world") + suffix;
        }
    }

  2. Create a GreetingConfiguration.java file in the src/main/java/org/acme/config directory. Add the import statements for ConfigMapping and Optional to the file:

    Example GreetingConfiguration.java file

    package org.acme.config;
    
    import io.smallrye.config.ConfigMapping;
    import io.smallrye.config.WithDefault;
    import java.util.Optional;
    
    @ConfigMapping(prefix = "greeting") 1
    public interface GreetingConfiguration {
        String message();
    
        @WithDefault("!") 2
        String suffix();
    
        Optional<String> name();
    }

    1
    The prefix property is optional. For example, in this scenario, the prefix is greeting.
    2
    If greeting.suffix is not set, ! is used as the default value.
  1. Inject the GreetingConfiguration instance into the GreetingResource class by using the @Inject annotation, as follows:

    Note

    This snippet replaces the three fields that are annotated with @ConfigProperty that are in the initial version of the config-quickstart project.

    Example GreetingResource.java file

    package org.acme.config;
    
    import jakarta.inject.Inject;
    import jakarta.ws.rs.GET;
    import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;
    import jakarta.ws.rs.Produces;
    import jakarta.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
    
    @Path("/greeting")
    public class GreetingResource {
    
        @Inject
        GreetingConfiguration config;
    
        @GET
        @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
        public String hello() {
            return config.message() + " " + config.name().orElse("world") + config.suffix();
        }
    }

  2. Compile and start your application in development mode:

    ./mvnw quarkus:dev
    Important

    If you do not give values for the class properties, the application fails to compile, and an io.smallrye.config.ConfigValidationException error is returned to indicate that a value is missing. This does not apply to optional fields or fields with a default value.

  3. To verify that the endpoint returns the message, enter the following command in a new terminal window:

    curl http://localhost:8080/greeting
  4. You receive the following message:

    hello quarkus!
  5. To stop the application, press Ctrl+C.

1.6.2. Using nested object configuration

You can define an interface that is nested inside another interface. This procedure shows how to create and configure a nested interface in the Quarkus config-quickstart project.

Prerequisites

  • You have created the Quarkus config-quickstart project.
  • You have defined the greeting.message and greeting.name properties in the application.properties file of your project.

Procedure

  1. Review the GreetingResource.java in your project. The file contains the GreetingResource class with the hello() method that returns a message when you send an HTTP request on the /greeting endpoint:

    Example GreetingResource.java file

    package org.acme.config;
    
    import java.util.Optional;
    
    import jakarta.ws.rs.GET;
    import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;
    import jakarta.ws.rs.Produces;
    import jakarta.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
    
    import org.eclipse.microprofile.config.inject.ConfigProperty;
    
    @Path("/greeting")
    public class GreetingResource {
    
        @ConfigProperty(name = "greeting.message")
        String message;
    
        @ConfigProperty(name = "greeting.suffix", defaultValue="!")
        String suffix;
    
        @ConfigProperty(name = "greeting.name")
        Optional<String> name;
    
        @GET
        @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
        public String hello() {
            return message + " " + name.orElse("world") + suffix;
        }
    }

  2. Create a GreetingConfiguration.java class file with the GreetingConfiguration instance. This class contains the externalized configuration for the hello() method that is defined in the GreetingResource class:

    Example GreetingConfiguration.java file

    package org.acme.config;
    
    import io.smallrye.config.ConfigMapping;
    import io.smallrye.config.WithDefault;
    import java.util.Optional;
    
    @ConfigMapping(prefix = "greeting")
    public interface GreetingConfiguration {
        String message();
    
        @WithDefault("!")
        String suffix();
    
        Optional<String> name();
    }

  3. Create the ContentConfig interface that is nested inside the GreetingConfiguration instance, as shown in the following example:

    Example GreetingConfiguration.java file

    package org.acme.config;
    
    import io.smallrye.config.ConfigMapping;
    import io.smallrye.config.WithDefault;
    
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Optional;
    
    @ConfigMapping(prefix = "greeting")
    public interface GreetingConfiguration {
        String message();
    
        @WithDefault("!")
        String suffix();
    
        Optional<String> name();
    
        ContentConfig content();
    
        interface ContentConfig {
            Integer prizeAmount();
    
            List<String> recipients();
        }
    }

    Note

    The method name of the ContentConfig interface is content. To ensure that you bind the properties to the correct interface, when you define configuration properties for this class, use content in the prefix. In doing so, you can also prevent property name conflicts and unexpected application behavior.

  4. Define the greeting.content.prize-amount and greeting.content.recipients configuration properties in your application.properties file.

    The following example shows the properties defined for the GreetingConfiguration instance and the ContentConfig interface:

    Example application.properties file

    greeting.message=hello
    greeting.name=quarkus
    greeting.content.prize-amount=10
    greeting.content.recipients=Jane,John

  5. Instead of the three @ConfigProperty field annotations, inject the GreetingConfiguration instance into the GreetingResource class by using the @Inject annotation, as outlined in the following example. Also, you must update the message string that the /greeting endpoint returns with the values that you set for the new greeting.content.prize-amount and greeting.content.recipients properties that you added.

    Example GreetingResource.java file

    package org.acme.config;
    
    import java.util.Optional;
    
    import jakarta.ws.rs.GET;
    import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;
    import jakarta.ws.rs.Produces;
    import jakarta.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
    
    import jakarta.inject.Inject;
    
    @Path("/greeting")
    public class GreetingResource {
    
        @Inject
        GreetingConfiguration config;
    
        @GET
        @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
        public String hello() {
            return config.message() + " " + config.name().orElse("world")
                    + config.suffix() + "\n" + config.content().recipients()
                    + " receive total of candies: "
                    + config.content().prizeAmount();
        }
    }

  6. Compile and start your application in development mode:

    ./mvnw quarkus:dev
    Important

    If you do not provide values for the class properties, the application fails to compile and you receive a jakarta.enterprise.inject.spi.DeploymentException exception that indicates a missing value. This does not apply to Optional fields and fields with a default value.

  7. To verify that the endpoint returns the message, open a new terminal window and enter the following command:

    curl http://localhost:8080/greeting

    A message displays, containing two lines of output. The first line displays the greeting, and the second line reports the recipients of the prize together with the prize amount, as follows:

    hello quarkus!
    Jane,John receive total of candies: 10
  8. To stop the application, press Ctrl+C.
Note

You can annotate classes that are annotated with @ConfigMapping with bean validation annotations similar to the following example:

@ConfigMapping(prefix = "greeting")
public class GreetingConfiguration {

    @Size(min = 20)
    public String message;
    public String suffix = "!";
}

Your project must include the quarkus-hibernate-validator dependency.

1.7. Accessing the configuration programmatically

You can define a method in your code to retrieve the values of the configuration properties in your application. In doing so, you can dynamically look up configuration property values or retrieve configuration property values from classes that are either CDI beans or Jakarta REST (formerly known as JAX-RS) resources.

You can access the configuration by using the org.eclipse.microprofile.config.ConfigProvider.getConfig() method. The getValue() method of the config object returns the values of the configuration properties.

Prerequisites

  • You have a Quarkus Maven project.

Procedure

  • Use a method to access the value of a configuration property of any class or object in your application code. Depending on whether or not the value that you want to retrieve is set in a configuration source in your project, you can use one of the following methods:

    • To access the value of a property that is set in a configuration source in your project, for example, in the application.properties file, use the getValue() method:

      String <variable-name> = ConfigProvider.getConfig().getValue("<property-name>", <data-type-class-name>.class);

      For example, to retrieve the value of the greeting.message property that has the data type String, and is assigned to the message variable in your code, use the following syntax:

      String message = ConfigProvider.getConfig().getValue("greeting.message",String.class);
    • When you want to retrieve a value that is optional or default and might not be defined in your application.properties file or another configuration source in your application, use the getOptionalValue() method:

      Optional_<String>_ <variable-name> = ConfigProvider.getConfig().getOptionalValue("<property-name>", <data-type-class-name>.class);

      For example, to retrieve the value of the greeting.name property that is optional, has the data type String, and is assigned to the name variable in your code, use the following syntax:

      Optional_<String>_ name = ConfigProvider.getConfig().getOptionalValue("greeting.name", String.class);

The following snippet shows a variant of the aforementioned GreetingResource class by using the programmatic access to the configuration:

src/main/java/org/acme/config/GreetingResource.java

package org.acme.config;

import java.util.Optional;

import jakarta.ws.rs.GET;
import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;
import jakarta.ws.rs.Produces;
import jakarta.ws.rs.core.MediaType;

import org.eclipse.microprofile.config.Config;
import org.eclipse.microprofile.config.ConfigProvider;
import org.eclipse.microprofile.config.inject.ConfigProperty;

@Path("/greeting")
public class GreetingResource {

    @GET
    @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
    public String hello() {
        Config config = ConfigProvider.getConfig();
        String message = config.getValue("greeting.message", String.class);
        Optional_<String>_ suffix = config.getOptionalValue("greeting.suffix", String.class).orElse("!");
        Optional_<String>_ name = config.getOptionalValue("greeting.name", String.class);

        return message + " " + name.orElse("world") + suffix;
    }
}

1.8. Property expressions

You can combine property references and text strings into property expressions and use these expressions as values in your Quarkus configuration.

Like variables, property expressions substitute configuration property values dynamically, avoiding hard-coded values.

You can expand an expression in one configuration source with a value defined in another.

The application resolves a property expression when java.util.Properties reads the property value from a configuration source: at compile time if read then, and at runtime if overridden at that point.

If the application cannot resolve the value of a property in an expression, and the property does not have a default value, your application throws a NoSuchElementException error.

1.8.1. Example usage of property expressions

To achieve flexibility when you configure your Quarkus application, you can use property expressions as shown in the following examples.

  • Substituting the value of a configuration property:

    To avoid hardcoding property values in your configuration, you can use a property expression. Use the ${<property_name>} syntax to write an expression that references a configuration property, as shown in the following example:

    Example application.properties file

    remote.host=quarkus.io
    callable.url=https://${remote.host}/

    The value of the callable.url property resolves to https://quarkus.io/.

  • Setting a property value that is specific to a particular configuration profile:

    In the following example, the %dev configuration profile and the default configuration profile are set to use data source connection URLs with different host addresses.

    Example application.properties file

    %dev.quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydatabase?useSSL=false
    quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://remotehost:3306/mydatabase?useSSL=false

    Depending on the configuration profile used to start your application, your data source driver uses the database URL that you set for the profile.

    You can achieve the same result in a simplified way by setting a different value for the custom application.server property for each configuration profile. Then, you can reference the property in the database connection URL of your application, as shown in the following example:

    Example application.properties file

    %dev.application.server=localhost
    application.server=remotehost
    
    quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://${application.server}:3306/mydatabase?useSSL=false

    The application.server property resolves to the appropriate value depending on the profile that you choose when you run your application.

  • Setting a default value of a property expression:

    You can define a default value for a property expression. Quarkus uses the default value if the value of the property that is required to expand the expression is not resolved from any of your configuration sources. You can set a default value for an expression by using the following syntax:

    ${<property_name>:<default_value>}

    In the following example, the property expression in the data source URL uses mysql.db.server as the default value of the application.server property:

    Example application.properties file

    quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://${application.server:mysql.db.server}:3306/mydatabase?useSSL=false

  • Nesting property expressions:

    You can compose property expressions by nesting a property expression inside another property expression. When nested property expressions are expanded, the inner expression is expanded first. You can use the following syntax for nesting property expressions:

    ${<outer_property_name>${<inner_property_name>}}
  • Combining multiple property expressions:

    You can join two or more property expressions together by using the following syntax:

    ${<first_property_name>}${<second_property_name>}
  • Combining property expressions with environment variables:

    You can use property expressions to substitute the values of environment variables. The expression in the following example substitutes the value that is set for the HOST environment variable as the value of the application.host property:

    Example application.properties file

    remote.host=quarkus.io
    application.host=${HOST:${remote.host}}

When the HOST environment variable is not set, the application.host property uses the value of the remote.host property as the default.

1.9. Using configuration profiles

You can use different configuration profiles depending on your environment. With configuration profiles, you can have multiple configurations in the same file and to select between them by using a profile name.

Red Hat build of Quarkus has the following three default configuration profiles:

  • dev: Activated in development mode
  • test: Activated when running tests
  • prod: The default profile when not running in development or test mode
Note

In addition, you can create your own custom profiles.

Prerequisites

You have a Quarkus Maven project.

Procedure

  1. Open your Java resource file and add the following import statement:

    import io.quarkus.runtime.configuration.ConfigUtils;
  2. To get a List of the current profiles, add a log by invoking the ConfigUtils.getProfiles() method:

    LOGGER.infof("The application is starting with profiles `%s`", ConfigUtils.getProfiles());

1.9.1. Setting a custom configuration profile

You can create as many configuration profiles as you want. You can have multiple configurations in the same file and you can select a configuration by using a profile name.

Procedure

  1. To set a custom profile, create a configuration property with the profile name in the application.properties file, where <property_name> is the name of the property, <value> is the property value, and <profile> is the name of a profile:

    Create a configuration property

     %<profile>.<property_name>=<value>

    In the following example configuration, the value of quarkus.http.port is 9090 by default, and becomes 8181 when the dev profile is activated:

    Example configuration

    quarkus.http.port=9090
    %dev.quarkus.http.port=8181

  2. Use one of the following methods to enable a profile:

    • Set the quarkus.profile system property.

      • To enable a profile by using the quarkus.profile system property, enter the following command:

        Enable a profile by using quarkus.profile property

        mvn -Dquarkus.profile=<value> quarkus:dev

    • Set the QUARKUS_PROFILE environment variable.

      • To enable profile by using an environment variable, enter the following command:

        Enable a profile by using an environment variable

        export QUARKUS_PROFILE=<profile>

        Note

        The system property value takes precedence over the environment variable value.

  3. To repackage the application and change the profile, enter the following command:

    Change a profile

    ./mvnw package -Dquarkus.profile=<profile>
     java -jar target/quarkus-app/quarkus-run.jar

    The following example shows a command that activates the prod-aws profile:

    Example command to activate a profile

    ./mvnw package -Dquarkus.profile=prod-aws
     java -jar target/quarkus-app/quarkus-run.jar

Note

The default Quarkus application runtime profile is set to the profile that is used to build the application. Red Hat build of Quarkus automatically selects a profile depending on your environment mode. For example, when your application is running as a JAR, Quarkus is in prod mode.

1.10. Setting custom configuration sources

By default, a Quarkus application reads properties from the application.properties file in the src/main/resources subdirectory of your project. With Quarkus, you can load application configuration properties from other sources according to the MicroProfile Config specification for externalized configuration. You can enable your application to load configuration properties from other sources by defining classes that implement the org.eclipse.microprofile.config.spi.ConfigSource and the org.eclipse.microprofile.config.spi.ConfigSourceProvider interfaces. This procedure demonstrates how you can implement a custom configuration source in your Quarkus project.

Prerequisite

You have the Quarkus config-quickstart project.

Procedure

  1. Create a class file in your project that implements the org.eclipse.microprofile.config.spi.ConfigSourceProvider interface. To return a list of ConfigSource objects, you must override the getConfigSources() method.

    Example org.acme.config.InMemoryConfigSourceProvider

    package org.acme.config;
    
    import org.eclipse.microprofile.config.spi.ConfigSource;
    import org.eclipse.microprofile.config.spi.ConfigSourceProvider;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class InMemoryConfigSourceProvider implements ConfigSourceProvider {
    
        @Override
        public Iterable<ConfigSource> getConfigSources(ClassLoader classLoader) {
        return List.of(new InMemoryConfigSource());
        }
    }

  2. Create the InMemoryConfigSource class that implements the org.eclipse.microprofile.config.spi.ConfigSource interface:

    Example org.acme.config.InMemoryConfigSource

    package org.acme.config;
    
    import org.eclipse.microprofile.config.spi.ConfigSource;
    
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
    import java.util.Set;
    
    public class InMemoryConfigSource implements ConfigSource {
    private static final Map<String, String> configuration = new HashMap<>();
    
    
      static {
          configuration.put("my.prop", "1234");
      }
    
        @Override
        public int getOrdinal() { 1
          return 275;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Set<String> getPropertyNames() {
          return configuration.keySet();
        }
    
        @Override
        public String getValue(final String propertyName) {
          return configuration.get(propertyName);
        }
    
        @Override
        public String getName() {
          return InMemoryConfigSource.class.getSimpleName();
        }
    }

    1
    The getOrdinal() method returns the priority of the ConfigSource class. Therefore, when multiple configuration sources define the same property, Quarkus can select the appropriate value as defined by the ConfigSource class with the highest priority.
  1. In the src/main/resources/META-INF/services/ subdirectory of your project, create a file named org.eclipse.microprofile.config.spi.ConfigSourceProvider and enter the fully-qualified name of the class that implements the ConfigSourceProvider in the file that you created:

    Example org.eclipse.microprofile.config.spi.ConfigSourceProvider file:

    org.acme.config.InMemoryConfigSourceProvider

    To ensure that the ConfigSourceProvider that you created is registered and installed when you compile and start your application, you must complete the previous step.

  2. Edit the GreetingResource.java file in your project to add the following update:

    @ConfigProperty(name="my.prop") int value;
  3. In the GreetingResource.java file, extend the hello method to use the new property:

    @GET
    @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
    public String hello() {
      return message + " " + name.orElse("world") + " " + value;
    }
  4. To compile and start your application in development mode, enter the following command:

    ./mvnw quarkus:dev
  5. To verify that the /greeting endpoint returns the expected message, open a terminal window and enter the following command:

    Example request

    curl http://localhost:8080/greeting

  6. When your application successfully reads the custom configuration, the command returns the following response:

    hello world 1234

1.11. Using custom configuration converters as configuration values

You can store custom types as configuration values by implementing org.eclipse.microprofile.config.spi.Converter<T> and adding its fully qualified class name into the META-INF/services/org.eclipse.microprofile.config.spi.Converter file. By using converters, you can transform the string representation of a value into an object.

Prerequisites

You have created the Quarkus config-quickstart project.

Procedure

  1. In the org.acme.config package, create the org.acme.config.MyCustomValue class with the following content:

    Example of custom configuration value

    package org.acme.config;
    
    public class MyCustomValue {
    
        private final int value;
    
        public MyCustomValue(Integer value) {
            this.value = value;
        }
    
        public int value() {
            return value;
        }
    }

  2. Implement the converter class to override the convert method to produce a MyCustomValue instance.

    Example implementation of converter class

    package org.acme.config;
    
    import org.eclipse.microprofile.config.spi.Converter;
    
    public class MyCustomValueConverter implements Converter<MyCustomValue> {
    
        @Override
        public MyCustomValue convert(String value) {
            return new MyCustomValue(Integer.valueOf(value));
        }
    }

  3. Add the fully-qualified class name of the converter, org.acme.config.MyCustomValueConverter, to your META-INF/services/org.eclipse.microprofile.config.spi.Converter service file.
  4. In the GreetingResource.java file, inject the MyCustomValue property:

    @ConfigProperty(name="custom")
    MyCustomValue value;
  5. Edit the hello method to use this value:

    @GET
    @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
    public String hello() {
        return message + " " + name.orElse("world") + " - " + value.value();
    }
  6. In the application.properties file, add the string representation to be converted:

    custom=1234
  7. To compile and start your application in development mode, enter the following command:

    ./mvnw quarkus:dev
  8. To verify that the /greeting endpoint returns the expected message, open a terminal window and enter the following command:

    Example request

    curl http://localhost:8080/greeting

  9. When your application successfully reads the custom configuration, the command returns the following response:

    hello world - 1234
    Note

    Your custom converter class must be public and must have a public no-argument constructor. Your custom converter class cannot be abstract.

1.11.1. Setting custom converters priority

The default priority for all Quarkus core converters is 200. For all other converters, the default priority is 100. You can increase the priority of your custom converters by using the jakarta.annotation.Priority annotation.

The following procedure demonstrates an implementation of a custom converter, AnotherCustomValueConverter, which has a priority of 150. This takes precedence over MyCustomValueConverter from the previous section, which has a default priority of 100.

Prerequisites

  • You have created the Quarkus config-quickstart project.
  • You have created a custom configuration converter for your application.

Procedure

  1. Set a priority for your custom converter by annotating the class with the @Priority annotation and passing it a priority value. In the following example, the priority value is set to 150.

    Example AnotherCustomValueConverter.java file

    package org.acme.config;
    
    import jakarta.annotation.Priority;
    import org.eclipse.microprofile.config.spi.Converter;
    
    @Priority(150)
    public class AnotherCustomValueConverter implements Converter<MyCustomValue> {
    
        @Override
        public MyCustomValue convert(String value) {
            return new MyCustomValue(Integer.valueOf(value));
        }
    }

  2. Create a file named org.eclipse.microprofile.config.spi.Converter in the src/main/resources/META-INF/services/ subdirectory of your project, and enter the fully qualified name of the class that implements the Converter in the file that you created:

    Example org.eclipse.microprofile.config.spi.Converter file

    org.acme.config.AnotherCustomValueConverter

    You must complete the previous step to ensure that the Converter you created is registered and installed when you compile and start your application.

Verification

After you complete the required configuration, the next step is to compile and package your Quarkus application. For more information and examples, see the compiling and packaging sections of the Getting started with Quarkus guide.

1.12. Additional resources

Revised on 2024-09-19 20:40:37 UTC

Legal Notice

Copyright © 2024 Red Hat, Inc.
The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version.
Red Hat, as the licensor of this document, waives the right to enforce, and agrees not to assert, Section 4d of CC-BY-SA to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.
Red Hat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the Shadowman logo, the Red Hat logo, JBoss, OpenShift, Fedora, the Infinity logo, and RHCE are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries.
Linux® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries.
Java® is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.
XFS® is a trademark of Silicon Graphics International Corp. or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries.
MySQL® is a registered trademark of MySQL AB in the United States, the European Union and other countries.
Node.js® is an official trademark of Joyent. Red Hat is not formally related to or endorsed by the official Joyent Node.js open source or commercial project.
The OpenStack® Word Mark and OpenStack logo are either registered trademarks/service marks or trademarks/service marks of the OpenStack Foundation, in the United States and other countries and are used with the OpenStack Foundation's permission. We are not affiliated with, endorsed or sponsored by the OpenStack Foundation, or the OpenStack community.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Red Hat logoGithubRedditYoutubeTwitter

Learn

Try, buy, & sell

Communities

About Red Hat Documentation

We help Red Hat users innovate and achieve their goals with our products and services with content they can trust.

Making open source more inclusive

Red Hat is committed to replacing problematic language in our code, documentation, and web properties. For more details, see the Red Hat Blog.

About Red Hat

We deliver hardened solutions that make it easier for enterprises to work across platforms and environments, from the core datacenter to the network edge.

© 2024 Red Hat, Inc.