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Red Hat Ceph Storage 4

Installing Red Hat Ceph Storage on Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Red Hat Ceph Storage Documentation Team

Abstract

This document provides instructions on installing Red Hat Ceph Storage on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 running on AMD64 and Intel 64 architectures.
Red Hat is committed to replacing problematic language in our code, documentation, and web properties. We are beginning with these four terms: master, slave, blacklist, and whitelist. Because of the enormity of this endeavor, these changes will be implemented gradually over several upcoming releases. For more details, see our CTO Chris Wright's message.

Chapter 1. What is Red Hat Ceph Storage?

Red Hat Ceph Storage is a scalable, open, software-defined storage platform that combines an enterprise-hardened version of the Ceph storage system with a Ceph management platform, deployment utilities, and support services. Red Hat Ceph Storage is designed for cloud infrastructure and web-scale object storage. Red Hat Ceph Storage clusters consist of the following types of nodes:

Red Hat Ceph Storage Ansible administration

The Ansible administration node replaces the traditional Ceph administration node used in previous versions of Red Hat Ceph Storage. The Ansible administration node provides the following functions:

  • Centralized storage cluster management.
  • The Ceph configuration files and keys.
  • Optionally, local repositories for installing Ceph on nodes that cannot access the Internet for security reasons.

Ceph Monitor

Each Ceph Monitor node runs the ceph-mon daemon, which maintains a master copy of the storage cluster map. The storage cluster map includes the storage cluster topology. A client connecting to the Ceph storage cluster retrieves the current copy of the storage cluster map from the Ceph Monitor, which enables the client to read from and write data to the storage cluster.

Important

The storage cluster can run with only one Ceph Monitor; however, to ensure high availability in a production storage cluster, Red Hat will only support deployments with at least three Ceph Monitor nodes. Red Hat recommends deploying a total of 5 Ceph Monitors for storage clusters exceeding 750 Ceph OSDs.

Ceph OSD

Each Ceph Object Storage Device (OSD) node runs the ceph-osd daemon, which interacts with logical disks attached to the node. The storage cluster stores data on these Ceph OSD nodes.

Ceph can run with very few OSD nodes, which the default is three, but production storage clusters realize better performance beginning at modest scales. For example, 50 Ceph OSDs in a storage cluster. Ideally, a Ceph storage cluster has multiple OSD nodes, allowing for the possibility to isolate failure domains by configuring the CRUSH map accordingly.

Ceph MDS

Each Ceph Metadata Server (MDS) node runs the ceph-mds daemon, which manages metadata related to files stored on the Ceph File System (CephFS). The Ceph MDS daemon also coordinates access to the shared storage cluster.

Ceph Object Gateway

Ceph Object Gateway node runs the ceph-radosgw daemon, and is an object storage interface built on top of librados to provide applications with a RESTful access point to the Ceph storage cluster. The Ceph Object Gateway supports two interfaces:

  • S3

    Provides object storage functionality with an interface that is compatible with a large subset of the Amazon S3 RESTful API.

  • Swift

    Provides object storage functionality with an interface that is compatible with a large subset of the OpenStack Swift API.

Additional Resources

Chapter 2. Red Hat Ceph Storage considerations and recommendations

As a storage administrator, you can have a basic understanding about what things to consider before running a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster. Understanding such things as, the hardware and network requirements, understanding what type of workloads work well with a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster, along with Red Hat’s recommendations. Red Hat Ceph Storage can be used for different workloads based on a particular business need or set of requirements. Doing the necessary planning before installing a Red Hat Ceph Storage is critical to the success of running a Ceph storage cluster efficiently, achieving the business requirements.

Note

Want help with planning a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster for a specific use case? Please contact your Red Hat representative for assistance.

2.1. Prerequisites

  • Time to understand, consider, and plan a storage solution.

2.2. Basic Red Hat Ceph Storage considerations

The first consideration for using Red Hat Ceph Storage is developing a storage strategy for the data. A storage strategy is a method of storing data that serves a particular use case. If you need to store volumes and images for a cloud platform like OpenStack, you can choose to store data on faster Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) drives with Solid State Drives (SSD) for journals. By contrast, if you need to store object data for an S3- or Swift-compliant gateway, you can choose to use something more economical, like traditional Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) drives. Red Hat Ceph Storage can accommodate both scenarios in the same storage cluster, but you need a means of providing the fast storage strategy to the cloud platform, and a means of providing more traditional storage for your object store.

One of the most important steps in a successful Ceph deployment is identifying a price-to-performance profile suitable for the storage cluster’s use case and workload. It is important to choose the right hardware for the use case. For example, choosing IOPS-optimized hardware for a cold storage application increases hardware costs unnecessarily. Whereas, choosing capacity-optimized hardware for its more attractive price point in an IOPS-intensive workload will likely lead to unhappy users complaining about slow performance.

Red Hat Ceph Storage can support multiple storage strategies. Use cases, cost versus benefit performance tradeoffs, and data durability are the primary considerations that help develop a sound storage strategy.

Use Cases

Ceph provides massive storage capacity, and it supports numerous use cases, such as:

  • The Ceph Block Device client is a leading storage backend for cloud platforms that provides limitless storage for volumes and images with high performance features like copy-on-write cloning.
  • The Ceph Object Gateway client is a leading storage backend for cloud platforms that provides a RESTful S3-compliant and Swift-compliant object storage for objects like audio, bitmap, video and other data.
  • The Ceph File System for traditional file storage.

Cost vs. Benefit of Performance

Faster is better. Bigger is better. High durability is better. However, there is a price for each superlative quality, and a corresponding cost versus benefit trade off. Consider the following use cases from a performance perspective: SSDs can provide very fast storage for relatively small amounts of data and journaling. Storing a database or object index can benefit from a pool of very fast SSDs, but proves too expensive for other data. SAS drives with SSD journaling provide fast performance at an economical price for volumes and images. SATA drives without SSD journaling provide cheap storage with lower overall performance. When you create a CRUSH hierarchy of OSDs, you need to consider the use case and an acceptable cost versus performance trade off.

Data Durability

In large scale storage clusters, hardware failure is an expectation, not an exception. However, data loss and service interruption remain unacceptable. For this reason, data durability is very important. Ceph addresses data durability with multiple replica copies of an object or with erasure coding and multiple coding chunks. Multiple copies or multiple coding chunks present an additional cost versus benefit tradeoff: it is cheaper to store fewer copies or coding chunks, but it can lead to the inability to service write requests in a degraded state. Generally, one object with two additional copies, or two coding chunks can allow a storage cluster to service writes in a degraded state while the storage cluster recovers.

Replication stores one or more redundant copies of the data across failure domains in case of a hardware failure. However, redundant copies of data can become expensive at scale. For example, to store 1 petabyte of data with triple replication would require a cluster with at least 3 petabytes of storage capacity.

Erasure coding stores data as data chunks and coding chunks. In the event of a lost data chunk, erasure coding can recover the lost data chunk with the remaining data chunks and coding chunks. Erasure coding is substantially more economical than replication. For example, using erasure coding with 8 data chunks and 3 coding chunks provides the same redundancy as 3 copies of the data. However, such an encoding scheme uses approximately 1.5x of the initial data stored compared to 3x with replication.

The CRUSH algorithm aids this process by ensuring that Ceph stores additional copies or coding chunks in different locations within the storage cluster. This ensures that the failure of a single storage device or node does not lead to a loss of all of the copies or coding chunks necessary to preclude data loss. You can plan a storage strategy with cost versus benefit tradeoffs, and data durability in mind, then present it to a Ceph client as a storage pool.

Important

ONLY the data storage pool can use erasure coding. Pools storing service data and bucket indexes use replication.

Important

Ceph’s object copies or coding chunks make RAID solutions obsolete. Do not use RAID, because Ceph already handles data durability, a degraded RAID has a negative impact on performance, and recovering data using RAID is substantially slower than using deep copies or erasure coding chunks.

Additional Resources

2.3. Red Hat Ceph Storage workload considerations

One of the key benefits of a Ceph storage cluster is the ability to support different types of workloads within the same storage cluster using performance domains. Different hardware configurations can be associated with each performance domain. Storage administrators can deploy storage pools on the appropriate performance domain, providing applications with storage tailored to specific performance and cost profiles. Selecting appropriately sized and optimized servers for these performance domains is an essential aspect of designing a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.

To the Ceph client interface that reads and writes data, a Ceph storage cluster appears as a simple pool where the client stores data. However, the storage cluster performs many complex operations in a manner that is completely transparent to the client interface. Ceph clients and Ceph object storage daemons, referred to as Ceph OSDs, or simply OSDs, both use the Controlled Replication Under Scalable Hashing (CRUSH) algorithm for storage and retrieval of objects. Ceph OSDs can run on bare-metal servers or virtual machines within the storage cluster, using containers or RPM based deployments.

A CRUSH map describes a topography of cluster resources, and the map exists both on client nodes as well as Ceph Monitor nodes within the cluster. Ceph clients and Ceph OSDs both use the CRUSH map and the CRUSH algorithm. Ceph clients communicate directly with OSDs, eliminating a centralized object lookup and a potential performance bottleneck. With awareness of the CRUSH map and communication with their peers, OSDs can handle replication, backfilling, and recovery—allowing for dynamic failure recovery.

Ceph uses the CRUSH map to implement failure domains. Ceph also uses the CRUSH map to implement performance domains, which simply take the performance profile of the underlying hardware into consideration. The CRUSH map describes how Ceph stores data, and it is implemented as a simple hierarchy, specifically a acyclic graph, and a ruleset. The CRUSH map can support multiple hierarchies to separate one type of hardware performance profile from another. Ceph implements performance domains with device "classes".

For example, you can have these performance domains coexisting in the same Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster:

  • Hard disk drives (HDDs) are typically appropriate for cost- and capacity-focused workloads.
  • Throughput-sensitive workloads typically use HDDs with Ceph write journals on solid state drives (SSDs).
  • IOPS-intensive workloads such as MySQL and MariaDB often use SSDs.

Workloads

Red Hat Ceph Storage is optimized for three primary workloads:

  • IOPS optimized: Input, output per second (IOPS) optimization deployments are suitable for cloud computing operations, such as running MYSQL or MariaDB instances as virtual machines on OpenStack. IOPS optimized deployments require higher performance storage such as 15k RPM SAS drives and separate SSD journals to handle frequent write operations. Some high IOPS scenarios use all flash storage to improve IOPS and total throughput.

    An IOPS-optimized storage cluster has the following properties:

    • Lowest cost per IOPS.
    • Highest IOPS per GB.
    • 99th percentile latency consistency.

    Uses for an IOPS-optimized storage cluster are:

    • Typically block storage.
    • 3x replication for hard disk drives (HDDs) or 2x replication for solid state drives (SSDs).
    • MySQL on OpenStack clouds.
  • Throughput optimized: Throughput-optimized deployments are suitable for serving up significant amounts of data, such as graphic, audio and video content. Throughput-optimized deployments require high bandwidth networking hardware, controllers and hard disk drives with fast sequential read and write characteristics. If fast data access is a requirement, then use a throughput-optimized storage strategy. Also, if fast write performance is a requirement, using Solid State Disks (SSD) for journals will substantially improve write performance.

    A throughput-optimized storage cluster has the following properties:

    • Lowest cost per MBps (throughput).
    • Highest MBps per TB.
    • Highest MBps per BTU.
    • Highest MBps per Watt.
    • 97th percentile latency consistency.

    Uses for an throughput-optimized storage cluster are:

    • Block or object storage.
    • 3x replication.
    • Active performance storage for video, audio, and images.
    • Streaming media, such as 4k video.
  • Capacity optimized: Capacity-optimized deployments are suitable for storing significant amounts of data as inexpensively as possible. Capacity-optimized deployments typically trade performance for a more attractive price point. For example, capacity-optimized deployments often use slower and less expensive SATA drives and co-locate journals rather than using SSDs for journaling.

    A cost- and capacity-optimized storage cluster has the following properties:

    • Lowest cost per TB.
    • Lowest BTU per TB.
    • Lowest Watts required per TB.

    Uses for an cost- and capacity-optimized storage cluster are:

    • Typically object storage.
    • Erasure coding for maximizing usable capacity
    • Object archive.
    • Video, audio, and image object repositories.
Important

Carefully consider the workload being ran by a Red Hat Ceph Storage clusters BEFORE considering what hardware to purchase, because it can significantly impact the price and performance of the storage cluster. For example, if the workload is capacity-optimized and the hardware is better suited to a throughput-optimized workload, then hardware will be more expensive than necessary. Conversely, if the workload is throughput-optimized and the hardware is better suited to a capacity-optimized workload, then storage cluster can suffer from poor performance.

2.4. Network considerations for Red Hat Ceph Storage

An important aspect of a cloud storage solution is that storage clusters can run out of IOPS due to network latency, and other factors. Also, the storage cluster can run out of throughput due to bandwidth constraints long before the storage clusters run out of storage capacity. This means that the network hardware configuration must support the chosen workloads in order to meet price versus performance requirements.

Storage administrators prefer that a storage cluster recovers as quickly as possible. Carefully consider bandwidth requirements for the storage cluster network, be mindful of network link oversubscription, and segregate the intra-cluster traffic from the client-to-cluster traffic. Also consider that network performance is increasingly important when considering the use of Solid State Disks (SSD), flash, NVMe, and other high performing storage devices.

Ceph supports a public network and a storage cluster network. The public network handles client traffic and communication with Ceph Monitors. The storage cluster network handles Ceph OSD heartbeats, replication, backfilling and recovery traffic. At a minimum, a single 10 GB Ethernet link should be used for storage hardware, and you can add additional 10 GB Ethernet links for connectivity and throughput.

Important

Red Hat recommends allocating bandwidth to the storage cluster network, such that, it is a multiple of the public network using osd_pool_default_size as the basis for the multiple on replicated pools. Red Hat also recommends running the public and storage cluster networks on separate network cards.

Important

Red Hat recommends using 10 GB Ethernet for Red Hat Ceph Storage deployments in production. A 1 GB Ethernet network is not suitable for production storage clusters.

In the case of a drive failure, replicating 1 TB of data across a 1 GB Ethernet network takes 3 hours, and 3 TB takes 9 hours. Using 3 TB is the typical drive configuration. By contrast, with a 10 GB Ethernet network, the replication times would be 20 minutes and 1 hour respectively. Remember that when a Ceph OSD fails, the storage cluster will recover by replicating the data it contained to other Ceph OSDs within the pool.

The failure of a larger domain such as a rack means that the storage cluster will utilize considerably more bandwidth. When building a storage cluster consisting of multiple racks, which is common for large storage implementations, consider utilizing as much network bandwidth between switches in a "fat tree" design for optimal performance. A typical 10 GB Ethernet switch has 48 10 GB ports and four 40 GB ports. Use the 40 GB ports on the spine for maximum throughput. Alternatively, consider aggregating unused 10 GB ports with QSFP+ and SFP+ cables into more 40 GB ports to connect to other rack and spine routers. Also, consider using LACP mode 4 to bond network interfaces. Additionally, use jumbo frames, maximum transmission unit (MTU) of 9000, especially on the backend or cluster network.

Before installing and testing a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster, verify the network throughput. Most performance-related problems in Ceph usually begin with a networking issue. Simple network issues like a kinked or bent Cat-6 cable could result in degraded bandwidth. Use a minimum of 10 GB ethernet for the front side network. For large clusters, consider using 40 GB ethernet for the backend or cluster network.

Important

For network optimization, Red Hat recommends using jumbo frames for a better CPU per bandwidth ratio, and a non-blocking network switch back-plane. Red Hat Ceph Storage requires the same MTU value throughout all networking devices in the communication path, end-to-end for both public and cluster networks. Verify that the MTU value is the same on all nodes and networking equipment in the environment before using a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster in production.

Additional Resources

2.5. Tuning considerations for the Linux kernel when running Ceph

Production Red Hat Ceph Storage clusters generally benefit from tuning the operating system, specifically around limits and memory allocation. Ensure that adjustments are set for all nodes within the storage cluster. You can also open a case with Red Hat support asking for additional guidance.

Reserving Free Memory for Ceph OSDs

To help prevent insufficient memory-related errors during Ceph OSD memory allocation requests, set the specific amount of physical memory to keep in reserve. Red Hat recommends the following settings based on the amount of system RAM.

  • For 64 GB, reserve 1 GB:

    vm.min_free_kbytes = 1048576
  • For 128 GB, reserve 2 GB:

    vm.min_free_kbytes = 2097152
  • For 256 GB, reserve 3 GB:

    vm.min_free_kbytes = 3145728

Increase the File Descriptors

The Ceph Object Gateway can hang if it runs out of file descriptors. You can modify the /etc/security/limits.conf file on Ceph Object Gateway nodes to increase the file descriptors for the Ceph Object Gateway.

ceph       soft    nofile     unlimited

Adjusting the ulimit value for Large Storage Clusters

When running Ceph administrative commands on large storage clusters, ​for example, with 1024 Ceph OSDs or more, ​create an /etc/security/limits.d/50-ceph.conf file on each node that runs administrative commands with the following contents:

USER_NAME       soft    nproc     unlimited

Replace USER_NAME with the name of the non-root user account that runs the Ceph administrative commands.

Note

The root user’s ulimit value is already set to unlimited by default on Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

2.6. Considerations for using a RAID controller with OSD nodes

Optionally, you can consider using a RAID controller on the OSD nodes. Here are some things to consider:

  • If an OSD node has a RAID controller with 1-2GB of cache installed, enabling the write-back cache might result in increased small I/O write throughput. However, the cache must be non-volatile.
  • Most modern RAID controllers have super capacitors that provide enough power to drain volatile memory to non-volatile NAND memory during a power-loss event. It is important to understand how a particular controller and its firmware behave after power is restored.
  • Some RAID controllers require manual intervention. Hard drives typically advertise to the operating system whether their disk caches should be enabled or disabled by default. However, certain RAID controllers and some firmware do not provide such information. Verify that disk level caches are disabled to avoid file system corruption.
  • Create a single RAID 0 volume with write-back for each Ceph OSD data drive with write-back cache enabled.
  • If Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) or SATA connected Solid-state Drive (SSD) disks are also present on the RAID controller, then investigate whether the controller and firmware support pass-through mode. Enabling pass-through mode helps avoid caching logic, and generally results in much lower latency for fast media.

2.7. Considerations for using NVMe with Object Gateway

Optionally, you can consider using NVMe for the Ceph Object Gateway.

If you plan to use the object gateway feature of Red Hat Ceph Storage and the OSD nodes are using NVMe-based SSDs, then consider following the procedures found in the Using NVMe with LVM optimally section of the Ceph Object Gateway for Production Guide. These procedures explain how to use specially designed Ansible playbooks which will place journals and bucket indexes together on SSDs, which can increase performance compared to having all journals on one device.

2.8. Minimum hardware considerations for Red Hat Ceph Storage

Red Hat Ceph Storage can run on non-proprietary commodity hardware. Small production clusters and development clusters can run without performance optimization with modest hardware.

Red Hat Ceph Storage has slightly different requirements depending on a bare-metal or containerized deployment.

Note

Disk space requirements are based on the Ceph daemons' default path under /var/lib/ceph/ directory.

Table 2.1. Bare-metal
ProcessCriteriaMinimum Recommended

ceph-osd

Processor

1x AMD64 or Intel 64

RAM

For BlueStore OSDs, Red Hat typically recommends a baseline of 16 GB of RAM per OSD host, with an additional 5 GB of RAM per daemon.

OS Disk

1x OS disk per host

Volume Storage

1x storage drive per daemon

block.db

Optional, but Red Hat recommended, 1x SSD or NVMe or Optane partition or logical volume per daemon. Sizing is 4% of block.data for BlueStore for object, file and mixed workloads and 1% of block.data for the BlueStore for Block Device, Openstack cinder, and Openstack cinder workloads.

block.wal

Optional, 1x SSD or NVMe or Optane partition or logical volume per daemon. Use a small size, for example 10 GB, and only if it’s faster than the block.db device.

Network

2x 10 GB Ethernet NICs

ceph-mon

Processor

1x AMD64 or Intel 64

RAM

1 GB per daemon

Disk Space

15 GB per daemon

Monitor Disk

Optionally,1x SSD disk for leveldb monitor data.

Network

2x 1 GB Ethernet NICs

ceph-mgr

Processor

1x AMD64 or Intel 64

RAM

1 GB per daemon

Network

2x 1 GB Ethernet NICs

ceph-radosgw

Processor

1x AMD64 or Intel 64

RAM

1 GB per daemon

Disk Space

5 GB per daemon

Network

1x 1 GB Ethernet NICs

ceph-mds

Processor

1x AMD64 or Intel 64

RAM

2 GB per daemon

This number is highly dependent on the configurable MDS cache size. The RAM requirement is typically twice as much as the amount set in the mds_cache_memory_limit configuration setting. Note also that this is the memory for your daemon, not the overall system memory.

Disk Space

2 MB per daemon, plus any space required for logging, which might vary depending on the configured log levels.

Network

2x 1 GB Ethernet NICs

Note that this is the same network as the OSDs. If you have a 10 GB network on your OSDs you should use the same on your MDS so that the MDS is not disadvantaged when it comes to latency.

Table 2.2. Containers
ProcessCriteriaMinimum Recommended

ceph-osd-container

Processor

1x AMD64 or Intel 64 CPU CORE per OSD container

RAM

Minimum of 5 GB of RAM per OSD container

OS Disk

1x OS disk per host

OSD Storage

1x storage drive per OSD container. Cannot be shared with OS Disk.

block.db

Optional, but Red Hat recommended, 1x SSD or NVMe or Optane partition or lvm per daemon. Sizing is 4% of block.data for BlueStore for object, file and mixed workloads and 1% of block.data for the BlueStore for Block Device, Openstack cinder, and Openstack cinder workloads.

block.wal

Optionally, 1x SSD or NVMe or Optane partition or logical volume per daemon. Use a small size, for example 10 GB, and only if it’s faster than the block.db device.

Network

2x 10 GB Ethernet NICs, 10 GB Recommended

ceph-mon-container

Processor

1x AMD64 or Intel 64 CPU CORE per mon-container

RAM

3 GB per mon-container

Disk Space

10 GB per mon-container, 50 GB Recommended

Monitor Disk

Optionally, 1x SSD disk for Monitor rocksdb data

Network

2x 1 GB Ethernet NICs, 10 GB Recommended

ceph-mgr-container

Processor

1x AMD64 or Intel 64 CPU CORE per mgr-container

RAM

3 GB per mgr-container

Network

2x 1 GB Ethernet NICs, 10 GB Recommended

ceph-radosgw-container

Processor

1x AMD64 or Intel 64 CPU CORE per radosgw-container

RAM

1 GB per daemon

Disk Space

5 GB per daemon

Network

1x 1 GB Ethernet NICs

ceph-mds-container

Processor

1x AMD64 or Intel 64 CPU CORE per mds-container

RAM

3 GB per mds-container

This number is highly dependent on the configurable MDS cache size. The RAM requirement is typically twice as much as the amount set in the mds_cache_memory_limit configuration setting. Note also that this is the memory for your daemon, not the overall system memory.

Disk Space

2 GB per mds-container, plus taking into consideration any additional space required for possible debug logging, 20GB is a good start.

Network

2x 1 GB Ethernet NICs, 10 GB Recommended

Note that this is the same network as the OSD containers. If you have a 10 GB network on your OSDs you should use the same on your MDS so that the MDS is not disadvantaged when it comes to latency.

2.9. Additional Resources

Chapter 3. Requirements for Installing Red Hat Ceph Storage

Figure 3.1. Prerequisite Workflow

install prereq workflow

Before installing Red Hat Ceph Storage, review the following requirements and prepare each Monitor, OSD, Metadata Server, and client nodes accordingly.

Note

To know about Red Hat Ceph Storage releases and corresponding Red Hat Ceph Storage package versions, see What are the Red Hat Ceph Storage releases and corresponding Ceph package versions article on the Red Hat Customer Portal.

3.1. Prerequisites

  • Verify the hardware meets the minimum requirements for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.

3.2. Requirements checklist for installing Red Hat Ceph Storage

TaskRequiredSectionRecommendation

Verifying the operating system version

Yes

Section 3.3, “Operating system requirements for Red Hat Ceph Storage”

 

Registering Ceph nodes

Yes

Section 3.4, “Registering Red Hat Ceph Storage nodes to the CDN and attaching subscriptions”

 

Enabling Ceph software repositories

Yes

Section 3.5, “Enabling the Red Hat Ceph Storage repositories”

 

Using a RAID controller with OSD nodes

No

Section 2.6, “Considerations for using a RAID controller with OSD nodes”

Enabling write-back caches on a RAID controller might result in increased small I/O write throughput for OSD nodes.

Configuring the network

Yes

Section 3.6, “Verifying the network configuration for Red Hat Ceph Storage”

At minimum, a public network is required. However, a private network for cluster communication is recommended.

Configuring a firewall

No

Section 3.7, “Configuring a firewall for Red Hat Ceph Storage”

A firewall can increase the level of trust for a network.

Creating an Ansible user

Yes

Section 3.8, “Creating an Ansible user with sudo access”

Creating the Ansible user is required on all Ceph nodes.

Enabling password-less SSH

Yes

Section 3.9, “Enabling password-less SSH for Ansible”

Required for Ansible.

Note

By default, ceph-ansible installs NTP/chronyd as a requirement. If NTP/chronyd is customized, refer to Configuring the Network Time Protocol for Red Hat Ceph Storage in Manually Installing Red Hat Ceph Storage section to understand how NTP/chronyd must be configured to function properly with Ceph.

3.3. Operating system requirements for Red Hat Ceph Storage

Red Hat Enterprise Linux entitlements are included in the Red Hat Ceph Storage subscription.

The initial release of Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 is supported on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.7 or Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.1. The current version of Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.3 is supported on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.9, 8.2 EUS, 8.4 EUS, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8.

Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 is supported on RPM-based deployments or container-based deployments.

Important

Deploying Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 in containers running on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, deploys Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 running on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 container image.

Use the same operating system version, architecture, and deployment type across all nodes. For example, do not use a mixture of nodes with both AMD64 and Intel 64 architectures, a mixture of nodes with both Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 operating systems, or a mixture of nodes with both RPM-based deployments and container-based deployments.

Important

Red Hat does not support clusters with heterogeneous architectures, operating system versions, or deployment types.

SELinux

By default, SELinux is set to Enforcing mode and the ceph-selinux packages are installed. For additional information on SELinux please see the Data Security and Hardening Guide, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 SELinux User’s and Administrator’s Guide, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Using SELinux Guide.

Additional Resources

Return to requirements checklist

3.4. Registering Red Hat Ceph Storage nodes to the CDN and attaching subscriptions

Register each Red Hat Ceph Storage node to the Content Delivery Network (CDN) and attach the appropriate subscription so that the node has access to software repositories. Each Red Hat Ceph Storage node must be able to access the full Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 base content and the extras repository content. Perform the following steps on all bare-metal and container nodes in the storage cluster, unless otherwise noted.

Note

For bare-metal Red Hat Ceph Storage nodes that cannot access the Internet during the installation, provide the software content by using the Red Hat Satellite server. Alternatively, mount a local Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Server ISO image and point the Red Hat Ceph Storage nodes to the ISO image. For additional details, contact Red Hat Support.

For more information on registering Ceph nodes with the Red Hat Satellite server, see the How to Register Ceph with Satellite 6 and How to Register Ceph with Satellite 5 articles on the Red Hat Customer Portal.

Prerequisites

  • A valid Red Hat subscription.
  • Red Hat Ceph Storage nodes must be able to connect to the Internet.
  • Root-level access to the Red Hat Ceph Storage nodes.

Procedure

  1. For container deployments only, when the Red Hat Ceph Storage nodes do NOT have access to the Internet during deployment. You must follow these steps first on a node with Internet access:

    1. Start a local container registry:

      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

      # docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --restart=always --name registry registry:2

      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

      # podman run -d -p 5000:5000 --restart=always --name registry registry:2

    2. Verify registry.redhat.io is in the container registry search path.

      Open for editing the /etc/containers/registries.conf file:

      [registries.search]
      registries = [ 'registry.access.redhat.com', 'registry.fedoraproject.org', 'registry.centos.org', 'docker.io']

      If registry.redhat.io is not included in the file, add it:

      [registries.search]
      registries = ['registry.redhat.io', 'registry.access.redhat.com', 'registry.fedoraproject.org', 'registry.centos.org', 'docker.io']
    3. Pull the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 image, Prometheus image, and Dashboard image from the Red Hat Customer Portal:

      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

      # docker pull registry.redhat.io/rhceph/rhceph-4-rhel8:latest
      # docker pull registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus-node-exporter:v4.6
      # docker pull registry.redhat.io/rhceph/rhceph-4-dashboard-rhel8:latest
      # docker pull registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus:v4.6
      # docker pull registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus-alertmanager:v4.6

      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

      # podman pull registry.redhat.io/rhceph/rhceph-4-rhel8:latest
      # podman pull registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus-node-exporter:v4.6
      # podman pull registry.redhat.io/rhceph/rhceph-4-dashboard-rhel8:latest
      # podman pull registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus:v4.6
      # podman pull registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus-alertmanager:v4.6

      Note

      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 and 8 both use the same container image, based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.

    4. Tag the image:

      The Prometheus image tag version is v4.6 for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.2.

      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

       # docker tag registry.redhat.io/rhceph/rhceph-4-rhel8:latest LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/rhceph/rhceph-4-rhel8:latest
       # docker tag registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus-node-exporter:v4.6 LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/openshift4/ose-prometheus-node-exporter:v4.6
       # docker tag registry.redhat.io/rhceph/rhceph-4-dashboard-rhel8:latest LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/rhceph/rhceph-4-dashboard-rhel8:latest
       # docker tag registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus-alertmanager:v4.6 LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/openshift4/ose-prometheus-alertmanager:v4.6
       # docker tag registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus:v4.6 LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/openshift4/ose-prometheus:v4.6

      Replace
      • LOCAL_NODE_FQDN with your local host FQDN.

      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

       # podman tag registry.redhat.io/rhceph/rhceph-4-rhel8:latest LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/rhceph/rhceph-4-rhel8:latest
       # podman tag registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus-node-exporter:v4.6 LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/openshift4/ose-prometheus-node-exporter:v4.6
       # podman tag registry.redhat.io/rhceph/rhceph-4-dashboard-rhel8:latest LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/rhceph/rhceph-4-dashboard-rhel8:latest
       # podman tag registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus-alertmanager:v4.6 LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/openshift4/ose-prometheus-alertmanager:v4.6
       # podman tag registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus:v4.6 LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/openshift4/ose-prometheus:v4.6

      Replace
      • LOCAL_NODE_FQDN with your local host FQDN.
    5. Edit the /etc/containers/registries.conf file and add the node’s FQDN with the port in the file, and save:

      [registries.insecure]
      registries = ['LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000']
      Note

      This step must be done on all storage cluster nodes that access the local Docker registry.

    6. Push the image to the local Docker registry you started:

      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

       # docker push --remove-signatures LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/rhceph/rhceph-4-rhel8
       # docker push --remove-signatures LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/openshift4/ose-prometheus-node-exporter:v4.6
       # docker push --remove-signatures LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/rhceph/rhceph-4-dashboard-rhel8
       # docker push --remove-signatures LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/openshift4/ose-prometheus-alertmanager:v4.6
       # docker push --remove-signatures LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/openshift4/ose-prometheus:v4.6

      Replace
      • LOCAL_NODE_FQDN with your local host FQDN.

      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

       # podman push --remove-signatures LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/rhceph/rhceph-4-rhel8
       # podman push --remove-signatures LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/openshift4/ose-prometheus-node-exporter:v4.6
       # podman push --remove-signatures LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/rhceph/rhceph-4-dashboard-rhel8
       # podman push --remove-signatures LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/openshift4/ose-prometheus-alertmanager:v4.6
       # podman push --remove-signatures LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/openshift4/ose-prometheus:v4.6

      Replace
      • LOCAL_NODE_FQDN with your local host FQDN.
    7. For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, restart the docker service:

      # systemctl restart docker
      Note

      See the Installing a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster for an example of the all.yml file when the Red Hat Ceph Storage nodes do NOT have access to the Internet during deployment.

  2. For all deployments, bare-metal or in containers:

    1. Register the node, and when prompted, enter the appropriate Red Hat Customer Portal credentials:

      # subscription-manager register
    2. Pull the latest subscription data from the CDN:

      # subscription-manager refresh
    3. List all available subscriptions for Red Hat Ceph Storage:

      # subscription-manager list --available --all --matches="*Ceph*"

      Copy the Pool ID from the list of available subscriptions for Red Hat Ceph Storage.

    4. Attach the subscription:

      # subscription-manager attach --pool=POOL_ID
      Replace
      • POOL_ID with the Pool ID identified in the previous step.
    5. Disable the default software repositories, and enable the server and the extras repositories on the respective version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux:

      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

      # subscription-manager repos --disable=*
      # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-rpms
      # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-extras-rpms

      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

      # subscription-manager repos --disable=*
      # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-8-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms
      # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rpms

  3. Update the system to receive the latest packages.

    1. For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7:

      # yum update
    2. For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8:

      # dnf update

Additional Resources

Return to requirements checklist

3.5. Enabling the Red Hat Ceph Storage repositories

Before you can install Red Hat Ceph Storage, you must choose an installation method. Red Hat Ceph Storage supports two installation methods:

  • Content Delivery Network (CDN)

    For Ceph Storage clusters with Ceph nodes that can connect directly to the internet, use Red Hat Subscription Manager to enable the required Ceph repository.

  • Local Repository

    For Ceph Storage clusters where security measures preclude nodes from accessing the internet, install Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 from a single software build delivered as an ISO image, which will allow you to install local repositories.

Prerequisites

  • Valid customer subscription.
  • For CDN installations:

  • If enabled, then disable the Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL) software repository:

    [root@monitor ~]# yum install yum-utils vim -y
    [root@monitor ~]# yum-config-manager --disable epel

Procedure

  • For CDN installations:

    On the Ansible administration node, enable the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 Tools repository and Ansible repository:

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

    [root@admin ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-4-tools-rpms --enable=rhel-7-server-ansible-2.9-rpms

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

    [root@admin ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-4-tools-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms --enable=ansible-2.9-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms

  • By default, Red Hat Ceph Storage repositories are enabled by ceph-ansible on the respective nodes. To manually enable the repositories:

    Note

    Do not enable these repositories on containerized deployments as they are not needed.

    On the Ceph Monitor nodes, enable the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 Monitor repository:

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

    [root@monitor ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-4-mon-rpms

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

    [root@monitor ~]# subscription-manager repos  --enable=rhceph-4-mon-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms

    On the Ceph OSD nodes, enable the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 OSD repository:

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

    [root@osd ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-4-osd-rpms

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

    [root@osd ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-4-osd-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms

    Enable the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 Tools repository on the following node types: RBD mirroring, Ceph clients, Ceph Object Gateways, Metadata Servers, NFS, iSCSI gateways, and Dashboard servers.

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

    [root@client ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-4-tools-rpms

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

    [root@client ~]# subscription-manager repos  --enable=rhceph-4-tools-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms

  • For ISO installations:

    1. Log in to the Red Hat Customer Portal.
    2. Click Downloads to visit the Software & Download center.
    3. In the Red Hat Ceph Storage area, click Download Software to download the latest version of the software.

Additional Resources

Return to requirements checklist

3.6. Verifying the network configuration for Red Hat Ceph Storage

All Red Hat Ceph Storage nodes require a public network. You must have a network interface card configured to a public network where Ceph clients can reach Ceph monitors and Ceph OSD nodes.

You might have a network interface card for a cluster network so that Ceph can conduct heart-beating, peering, replication, and recovery on a network separate from the public network.

Configure the network interface settings and ensure to make the changes persistent.

Important

Red Hat does not recommend using a single network interface card for both a public and private network.

Prerequisites

  • Network interface card connected to the network.

Procedure

Do the following steps on all Red Hat Ceph Storage nodes in the storage cluster, as the root user.

  1. Verify the following settings are in the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* file corresponding the public-facing network interface card:

    1. The BOOTPROTO parameter is set to none for static IP addresses.
    2. The ONBOOT parameter must be set to yes.

      If it is set to no, the Ceph storage cluster might fail to peer on reboot.

    3. If you intend to use IPv6 addressing, you must set the IPv6 parameters such as IPV6INIT to yes, except the IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL parameter.

      Also, edit the Ceph configuration file, /etc/ceph/ceph.conf, to instruct Ceph to use IPv6, otherwise, Ceph uses IPv4.

Additional Resources

  • For details on configuring network interface scripts for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8, see the Configuring ip networking with ifcfg files chapter in the Configuring and managing networking guide for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.
  • For more information on network configuration see the Ceph network configuration section in the Configuration Guide for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.

Return to requirements checklist

3.7. Configuring a firewall for Red Hat Ceph Storage

Red Hat Ceph Storage uses the firewalld service. The firewalld service contains the list of ports for each daemon.

The Ceph Monitor daemons use ports 3300 and 6789 for communication within the Ceph storage cluster.

On each Ceph OSD node, the OSD daemons use several ports in the range 6800-7300:

  • One for communicating with clients and monitors over the public network
  • One for sending data to other OSDs over a cluster network, if available; otherwise, over the public network
  • One for exchanging heartbeat packets over a cluster network, if available; otherwise, over the public network

The Ceph Manager (ceph-mgr) daemons use ports in range 6800-7300. Consider colocating the ceph-mgr daemons with Ceph Monitors on same nodes.

The Ceph Metadata Server nodes (ceph-mds) use port range 6800-7300.

The Ceph Object Gateway nodes are configured by Ansible to use port 8080 by default. However, you can change the default port, for example to port 80.

To use the SSL/TLS service, open port 443.

The following steps are optional if firewalld is enabled. By default, ceph-ansible includes the below setting in group_vars/all.yml, which automatically opens the appropriate ports:

configure_firewall: True

Prerequisite

  • Network hardware is connected.
  • Having root or sudo access to all nodes in the storage cluster.

Procedure

  1. On all nodes in the storage cluster, start the firewalld service. Enable it to run on boot, and ensure that it is running:

    # systemctl enable firewalld
    # systemctl start firewalld
    # systemctl status firewalld
  2. On all monitor nodes, open port 3300 and 6789 on the public network:

    [root@monitor ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3300/tcp
    [root@monitor ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3300/tcp --permanent
    [root@monitor ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=6789/tcp
    [root@monitor ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=6789/tcp --permanent
    [root@monitor ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=ceph-mon
    [root@monitor ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=ceph-mon

    To limit access based on the source address:

    firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-rich-rule='rule family=ipv4 \
    source address=IP_ADDRESS/NETMASK_PREFIX port protocol=tcp \
    port=6789 accept' --permanent
    Replace
    • IP_ADDRESS with the network address of the Monitor node.
    • NETMASK_PREFIX with the netmask in CIDR notation.

      Example

      [root@monitor ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-rich-rule='rule family=ipv4 \
      source address=192.168.0.11/24 port protocol=tcp \
      port=6789 accept' --permanent

  3. On all OSD nodes, open ports 6800-7300 on the public network:

    [root@osd ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=6800-7300/tcp
    [root@osd ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=6800-7300/tcp --permanent
    [root@osd ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=ceph
    [root@osd ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=ceph

    If you have a separate cluster network, repeat the commands with the appropriate zone.

  4. On all Ceph Manager (ceph-mgr) nodes, open ports 6800-7300 on the public network:

    [root@monitor ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=6800-7300/tcp
    [root@monitor ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=6800-7300/tcp --permanent

    If you have a separate cluster network, repeat the commands with the appropriate zone.

  5. On all Ceph Metadata Server (ceph-mds) nodes, open ports 6800-7300 on the public network:

    [root@monitor ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=6800-7300/tcp
    [root@monitor ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=6800-7300/tcp --permanent

    If you have a separate cluster network, repeat the commands with the appropriate zone.

  6. On all Ceph Object Gateway nodes, open the relevant port or ports on the public network.

    1. To open the default Ansible configured port of 8080:

      [root@gateway ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp
      [root@gateway ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent

      To limit access based on the source address:

      firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" \
      source address="IP_ADDRESS/NETMASK_PREFIX" port protocol="tcp" \
      port="8080" accept"
      firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" \
      source address="IP_ADDRESS/NETMASK_PREFIX" port protocol="tcp" \
      port="8080" accept" --permanent
      Replace
      • IP_ADDRESS with the network address of the Monitor node.
      • NETMASK_PREFIX with the netmask in CIDR notation.

        Example

        [root@gateway ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" \
        source address="192.168.0.31/24" port protocol="tcp" \
        port="8080" accept"

        [root@gateway ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" \
        source address="192.168.0.31/24" port protocol="tcp" \
        port="8080" accept" --permanent
    2. Optionally, if you installed Ceph Object Gateway using Ansible and changed the default port that Ansible configures the Ceph Object Gateway to use from 8080, for example, to port 80, then open this port:

      [root@gateway ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp
      [root@gateway ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent

      To limit access based on the source address, run the following commands:

      firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" \
      source address="IP_ADDRESS/NETMASK_PREFIX" port protocol="tcp" \
      port="80" accept"
      firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" \
      source address="IP_ADDRESS/NETMASK_PREFIX" port protocol="tcp" \
      port="80" accept" --permanent
      Replace
      • IP_ADDRESS with the network address of the Monitor node.
      • NETMASK_PREFIX with the netmask in CIDR notation.

      Example

      [root@gateway ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" \
      source address="192.168.0.31/24" port protocol="tcp" \
      port="80" accept"

      [root@gateway ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" \
      source address="192.168.0.31/24" port protocol="tcp" \
      port="80" accept" --permanent
    3. Optional. To use SSL/TLS, open port 443:

      [root@gateway ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=443/tcp
      [root@gateway ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=443/tcp --permanent

      To limit access based on the source address, run the following commands:

      firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" \
      source address="IP_ADDRESS/NETMASK_PREFIX" port protocol="tcp" \
      port="443" accept"
      firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" \
      source address="IP_ADDRESS/NETMASK_PREFIX" port protocol="tcp" \
      port="443" accept" --permanent
      Replace
      • IP_ADDRESS with the network address of the Monitor node.
      • NETMASK_PREFIX with the netmask in CIDR notation.

      Example

      [root@gateway ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" \
      source address="192.168.0.31/24" port protocol="tcp" \
      port="443" accept"
      [root@gateway ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" \
      source address="192.168.0.31/24" port protocol="tcp" \
      port="443" accept" --permanent

Additional Resources

Return to requirements checklist

3.8. Creating an Ansible user with sudo access

Ansible must be able to log into all the Red Hat Ceph Storage (RHCS) nodes as a user that has root privileges to install software and create configuration files without prompting for a password. You must create an Ansible user with password-less root access on all nodes in the storage cluster when deploying and configuring a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster with Ansible.

Prerequisite

  • Having root or sudo access to all nodes in the storage cluster.

Procedure

  1. Log into the node as the root user:

    ssh root@HOST_NAME
    Replace
    • HOST_NAME with the host name of the Ceph node.

      Example

      # ssh root@mon01

      Enter the root password when prompted.

  2. Create a new Ansible user:

    adduser USER_NAME
    Replace
    • USER_NAME with the new user name for the Ansible user.

      Example

      # adduser admin

      Important

      Do not use ceph as the user name. The ceph user name is reserved for the Ceph daemons. A uniform user name across the cluster can improve ease of use, but avoid using obvious user names, because intruders typically use them for brute-force attacks.

  3. Set a new password for this user:

    # passwd USER_NAME
    Replace
    • USER_NAME with the new user name for the Ansible user.

      Example

      # passwd admin

      Enter the new password twice when prompted.

  4. Configure sudo access for the newly created user:

    cat << EOF >/etc/sudoers.d/USER_NAME
    $USER_NAME ALL = (root) NOPASSWD:ALL
    EOF
    Replace
    • USER_NAME with the new user name for the Ansible user.

      Example

      # cat << EOF >/etc/sudoers.d/admin
      admin ALL = (root) NOPASSWD:ALL
      EOF

  5. Assign the correct file permissions to the new file:

    chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/USER_NAME
    Replace
    • USER_NAME with the new user name for the Ansible user.

      Example

      # chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/admin

Additional Resources

  • The Managing user accounts section in the Configuring basic system settings guide Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

Return to requirements checklist

3.9. Enabling password-less SSH for Ansible

Generate an SSH key pair on the Ansible administration node and distribute the public key to each node in the storage cluster so that Ansible can access the nodes without being prompted for a password.

Note

This procedure is not required if installing Red Hat Ceph Storage using the Cockpit web-based interface. This is because the Cockpit Ceph Installer generates its own SSH key. Instructions for copying the Cockpit SSH key to all nodes in the cluster are in the chapter Installing Red Hat Ceph Storage using the Cockpit web interface.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Generate the SSH key pair, accept the default file name and leave the passphrase empty:

    [ansible@admin ~]$ ssh-keygen
  2. Copy the public key to all nodes in the storage cluster:

    ssh-copy-id USER_NAME@HOST_NAME
    Replace
    • USER_NAME with the new user name for the Ansible user.
    • HOST_NAME with the host name of the Ceph node.

      Example

      [ansible@admin ~]$ ssh-copy-id ceph-admin@ceph-mon01

  3. Create the user’s SSH config file:

    [ansible@admin ~]$ touch ~/.ssh/config
  4. Open for editing the config file. Set values for the Hostname and User options for each node in the storage cluster:

    Host node1
       Hostname HOST_NAME
       User USER_NAME
    Host node2
       Hostname HOST_NAME
       User USER_NAME
    ...
    Replace
    • HOST_NAME with the host name of the Ceph node.
    • USER_NAME with the new user name for the Ansible user.

      Example

      Host node1
         Hostname monitor
         User admin
      Host node2
         Hostname osd
         User admin
      Host node3
         Hostname gateway
         User admin

      Important

      By configuring the ~/.ssh/config file you do not have to specify the -u USER_NAME option each time you execute the ansible-playbook command.

  5. Set the correct file permissions for the ~/.ssh/config file:

    [admin@admin ~]$ chmod 600 ~/.ssh/config

Additional Resources

Return to requirements checklist

Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Ceph Storage using the Cockpit web interface

This chapter describes how to use the Cockpit web-based interface to install a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster and other components, such as Metadata Servers, the Ceph client, or the Ceph Object Gateway.

The process consists of installing the Cockpit Ceph Installer, logging into Cockpit, and configuring and starting the cluster install using different pages within the installer.

Note

The Cockpit Ceph Installer uses Ansible and the Ansible playbooks provided by the ceph-ansible RPM to perform the actual install. It is still possible to use these playbooks to install Ceph without Cockpit. That process is relevant to this chapter and is referred to as a direct Ansible install, or using the Ansible playbooks directly.

Important

The Cockpit Ceph installer does not currently support IPv6 networking. If you require IPv6 networking, install Ceph using the Ansible playbooks directly.

Note

The dashboard web interface, used for administration and monitoring of Ceph, is installed by default by the Ansible playbooks in the ceph-ansible RPM, which Cockpit uses on the back-end. Therefore, whether you use Ansible playbooks directly, or use Cockpit to install Ceph, the dashboard web interface will be installed as well.

4.1. Prerequisites

  • Complete the general prerequisites required for direct Ansible Red Hat Ceph Storage installs.
  • A recent version of Firefox or Chrome.
  • If using multiple networks to segment intra-cluster traffic, client-to-cluster traffic, RADOS Gateway traffic, or iSCSI traffic, ensure the relevant networks are already configured on the hosts. For more information, see network considerations in the Hardware Guide and the section in this chapter on completing the Network page of the Cockpit Ceph Installer
  • Ensure the default port for Cockpit web-based interface, 9090, is accessible.

4.2. Installation requirements

  • One node to act as the Ansible administration node.
  • One node to provide the performance metrics and alerting platform. This may be colocated with the Ansible administration node.
  • One or more nodes to form the Ceph cluster. The installer supports an all-in-one installation called Development/POC. In this mode all Ceph services can run from the same node, and data replication defaults to disk rather than host level protection.

4.3. Install and configure the Cockpit Ceph Installer

Before you can use the Cockpit Ceph Installer to install a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster, you must install the Cockpit Ceph Installer on the Ansible administration node.

Prerequisites

  • Root-level access to the Ansible administration node.
  • The ansible user account for use with the Ansible application.

Procedure

  1. Verify Cockpit is installed.

    $ rpm -q cockpit

    Example:

    [admin@jb-ceph4-admin ~]$ rpm -q cockpit
    cockpit-196.3-1.el8.x86_64

    If you see similar output to the example above, skip to the step Verify Cockpit is running. If the output is package cockpit is not installed, continue to the step Install Cockpit.

  2. Optional: Install Cockpit.

    1. For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8:

      # dnf install cockpit
    2. For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7:

      # yum install cockpit
  3. Verify Cockpit is running.

    # systemctl status cockpit.socket

    If you see Active: active (listening) in the output, skip to the step Install the Cockpit plugin for Red Hat Ceph Storage. If instead you see Active: inactive (dead), continue to the step Enable Cockpit.

  4. Optional: Enable Cockpit.

    1. Use the systemctl command to enable Cockpit:

      # systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket

      You will see a line like the following:

      Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/cockpit.socket → /usr/lib/systemd/system/cockpit.socket.
    2. Verify Cockpit is running:

      # systemctl status cockpit.socket

      You will see a line like the following:

      Active: active (listening) since Tue 2020-01-07 18:49:07 EST; 7min ago
  5. Install the Cockpit Ceph Installer for Red Hat Ceph Storage.

    1. For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8:

      # dnf install cockpit-ceph-installer
    2. For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7:

      # yum install cockpit-ceph-installer
  6. As the Ansible user, log in to the container catalog using sudo:

    Note

    By default, the Cockpit Ceph Installer uses the root user to install Ceph. To use the Ansible user created as a part of the prerequisites to install Ceph, run the rest of the commands in this procedure with sudo as the Ansible user.

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

    $ sudo docker login -u CUSTOMER_PORTAL_USERNAME https://registry.redhat.io

    Example

    [admin@jb-ceph4-admin ~]$ sudo docker login -u myusername https://registry.redhat.io
    Password:
    Login Succeeded!

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

    $ sudo podman login -u CUSTOMER_PORTAL_USERNAME https://registry.redhat.io

    Example

    [admin@jb-ceph4-admin ~]$ sudo podman login -u myusername https://registry.redhat.io
    Password:
    Login Succeeded!

  7. Verify registry.redhat.io is in the container registry search path.

    1. Open for editing the /etc/containers/registries.conf file:

      [registries.search]
      registries = [ 'registry.access.redhat.com', 'registry.fedoraproject.org', 'registry.centos.org', 'docker.io']

      If registry.redhat.io is not included in the file, add it:

      [registries.search]
      registries = ['registry.redhat.io', 'registry.access.redhat.com', 'registry.fedoraproject.org', 'registry.centos.org', 'docker.io']
  8. As the Ansible user, start the ansible-runner-service using sudo.

    $ sudo ansible-runner-service.sh -s

    Example

    [admin@jb-ceph4-admin ~]$ sudo ansible-runner-service.sh -s
    Checking environment is ready
    Checking/creating directories
    Checking SSL certificate configuration
    Generating RSA private key, 4096 bit long modulus (2 primes)
    ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................++++
    ......................................................++++
    e is 65537 (0x010001)
    Generating RSA private key, 4096 bit long modulus (2 primes)
    ........................................++++
    ..............................................................................................................................................................................++++
    e is 65537 (0x010001)
    writing RSA key
    Signature ok
    subject=C = US, ST = North Carolina, L = Raleigh, O = Red Hat, OU = RunnerServer, CN = jb-ceph4-admin
    Getting CA Private Key
    Generating RSA private key, 4096 bit long modulus (2 primes)
    .....................................................................................................++++
    ..++++
    e is 65537 (0x010001)
    writing RSA key
    Signature ok
    subject=C = US, ST = North Carolina, L = Raleigh, O = Red Hat, OU = RunnerClient, CN = jb-ceph4-admin
    Getting CA Private Key
    Setting ownership of the certs to your user account(admin)
    Setting target user for ansible connections to admin
    Applying SELINUX container_file_t context to '/etc/ansible-runner-service'
    Applying SELINUX container_file_t context to '/usr/share/ceph-ansible'
    Ansible API (runner-service) container set to rhceph/ansible-runner-rhel8:latest
    Fetching Ansible API container (runner-service). Please wait...
    Trying to pull registry.redhat.io/rhceph/ansible-runner-rhel8:latest...Getting image source signatures
    Copying blob c585fd5093c6 done
    Copying blob 217d30c36265 done
    Copying blob e61d8721e62e done
    Copying config b96067ea93 done
    Writing manifest to image destination
    Storing signatures
    b96067ea93c8d6769eaea86854617c63c61ea10c4ff01ecf71d488d5727cb577
    Starting Ansible API container (runner-service)
    Started runner-service container
    Waiting for Ansible API container (runner-service) to respond
    The Ansible API container (runner-service) is available and responding to requests
    
    Login to the cockpit UI at https://jb-ceph4-admin:9090/cockpit-ceph-installer to start the install

    The last line of output includes the URL to the Cockpit Ceph Installer. In the example above the URL is https://jb-ceph4-admin:9090/cockpit-ceph-installer. Take note of the URL printed in your environment.

4.4. Copy the Cockpit Ceph Installer SSH key to all nodes in the cluster

The Cockpit Ceph Installer uses SSH to connect to and configure the nodes in the cluster. In order for it to do this automatically the installer generates an SSH key pair so it can access the nodes without being prompted for a password. The SSH public key must be transferred to all nodes in the cluster.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Log in to the Ansible administration node as the Ansible user.

    ssh ANSIBLE_USER@HOST_NAME

    Example:

    $ ssh admin@jb-ceph4-admin
  2. Copy the SSH public key to the first node:

    sudo ssh-copy-id -f -i /usr/share/ansible-runner-service/env/ssh_key.pub _ANSIBLE_USER_@_HOST_NAME_

    Example:

    $ sudo ssh-copy-id -f -i /usr/share/ansible-runner-service/env/ssh_key.pub admin@jb-ceph4-mon
    /bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/usr/share/ansible-runner-service/env/ssh_key.pub"
    admin@192.168.122.182's password:
    
    Number of key(s) added: 1
    
    Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'admin@jb-ceph4-mon'"
    and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

    Repeat this step for all nodes in the cluster

4.5. Log in to Cockpit

You can view the Cockpit Ceph Installer web interface by logging into Cockpit.

Prerequisites

  • The Cockpit Ceph Installer is installed and configured.
  • You have the URL printed as a part of configuring the Cockpit Ceph Installer

Procedure

  1. Open the URL in a web browser.

    cockpit login empty fields
  2. Enter the Ansible user name and its password.

    cockpit login user pass filled
  3. Click the radio button for Reuse my password for privileged tasks.

    cockpit login reuse password enabled
  4. Click Log In.

    cockpit login reuse click log in
  5. Review the welcome page to understand how the installer works and the overall flow of the installation process.

    cockpit welcome page

    Click the Environment button at the bottom right corner of the web page after you have reviewed the information in the welcome page.

4.6. Complete the Environment page of the Cockpit Ceph Installer

The Environment page allows you to configure overall aspects of the cluster, like what installation source to use and how to use Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) and Solid State Drives (SSDs) for storage.

Prerequisites

Note

In the dialogs to follow, there are tooltips to the right of some of the settings. To view them, hover the mouse cursor over the icon that looks like an i with a circle around it.

Procedure

  1. Select the Installation Source. Choose Red Hat to use repositories from Red Hat Subscription Manager, or ISO to use a CD image downloaded from the Red Hat Customer Portal.

    cockpit installation source

    If you choose Red Hat, Target Version will be set to RHCS 4 without any other options. If you choose ISO, Target Version will be set to the ISO image file.

    Important

    If you choose ISO, the image file must be in the /usr/share/ansible-runner-service/iso directory and its SELinux context must be set to container_file_t.

    Important

    The Community and Distribution options for Installation Source are not supported.

  2. Select the Cluster Type. The Production selection prohibits the install from proceeding if certain resource requirements like CPU number and memory size are not met. To allow the cluster installation to proceed even if the resource requirements are not met, select Development/POC.

    cockpit cluster type
    Important

    Do not use Development/POC mode to install a Ceph cluster that will be used in production.

  3. Set the Service Account Login and Service Account Token. If you do not have a Red Hat Registry Service Account, create one using the Registry Service Account webpage.

    cockpit service account
  4. Set Configure Firewall to ON to apply rules to firewalld to open ports for Ceph services. Use the OFF setting if you are not using firewalld.

    cockpit firewall
  5. Currently, the Cockpit Ceph Installer only supports IPv4. If you require IPv6 support, discountinue use of the Cockpit Ceph Installer and proceed with installing Ceph using the Ansible scripts directly.

    cockpit network connectivity
  6. Set OSD Type to BlueStore or FileStore.

    cockpit osd type
    Important

    BlueStore is the default OSD type. Previously, Ceph used FileStore as the object store. This format is deprecated for new Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.0 installs because BlueStore offers more features and improved performance. It is still possible to use FileStore, but using it requires a support exception. For more information on BlueStore, see Ceph BlueStore in the Architecture Guide.

  7. Set Flash Configuration to Journal/Logs or OSD data. If you have Solid State Drives (SSDs), whether they use NVMe or a traditional SATA/SAS interface, you can choose to use them just for write journaling and logs while the actual data goes on Hard Disk Drives (HDDs), or you can use the SSDs for journaling, logs, and data, and not use HDDs for any Ceph OSD functions.

    cockpit flash configuration
  8. Set Encryption to None or Encrypted. This refers to at rest encryption of storage devices using the LUKS1 format.

    cockpit encryption
  9. Set Installation type to Container or RPM. Traditionally, Red Hat Package Manager (RPM) was used to install software on Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Now, you can install Ceph using RPM or containers. Installing Ceph using containers can provide improved hardware utilization since services can be isolated and collocated.

    cockpit installation type

  10. Review all the Environment settings and click the Hosts button at the bottom right corner of the webpage.

    cockpit hosts button

4.7. Complete the Hosts page of the Cockpit Ceph Installer

The Hosts page allows you inform the Cockpit Ceph Installer what hosts to install Ceph on, and what roles each host will be used for. As you add the hosts, the installer will check them for SSH and DNS connectivity.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Click the Add Host(s) button.

    Add Host(s) button
  2. Enter the hostname for a Ceph OSD node, check the box for OSD, and click the Add button.

    Add monitor node(s)

    The first Ceph OSD node is added.

    The first OSD node is shown in the inventory

    For production clusters, repeat this step until you have added at least three Ceph OSD nodes.

  3. Optional: Use a host name pattern to define a range of nodes. For example, to add jb-ceph4-osd2 and jb-ceph4-osd3 at the same time, enter jb-ceph4-osd[2-3].

    Add OSDs using pattern range

    Both jb-ceph4-osd2 and jb-ceph4-ods3 are added.

    Multiple OSDs are added to the inventory

  4. Repeat the above steps for the other nodes in your cluster.

    1. For production clusters, add at least three Ceph Monitor nodes. In the dialog, the role is listed as MON.
    2. Add a node with the Metrics role. The Metrics role installs Grafana and Prometheus to provide real-time insights into the performance of the Ceph cluster. These metrics are presented in the Ceph Dashboard, which allows you to monitor and manage the cluster. The installation of the dashboard, Grafana, and Prometheus are required. You can colocate the metrics functions on the Ansible Administration node. If you do, ensure the system resources of the node are greater than what is required for a stand alone metrics node.
    3. Optional: Add a node with the MDS role. The MDS role installs the Ceph Metadata Server (MDS). Metadata Server daemons are necessary for deploying a Ceph File System.
    4. Optional: Add a node with the RGW role. The RGW role installs the Ceph Object Gateway, also know as the RADOS gateway, which is an object storage interface built on top of the librados API to provide applications with a RESTful gateway to Ceph storage clusters. It supports the Amazon S3 and OpenStack Swift APIs.
    5. Optional: Add a node with the iSCSI role. The iSCSI role installs an iSCSI gateway so you can share Ceph Block Devices over iSCSI. To use iSCSI with Ceph, you must install the iSCSI gateway on at least two nodes for multipath I/O.
  5. Optional: Colocate more than one service on the same node by selecting multiple roles when adding the node.

    Colocate multiple services on a node

    For more information on colocating daemons, see Colocation of containerized Ceph daemons in the Installation Guide.

  6. Optional: Modify the roles assigned to a node by checking or unchecking roles in the table.

    Modify roles in table
  7. Optional: To delete a node, on the far right side of the row of the node you want to delete, click the kebab icon and then click Delete.

    Delete a node
  8. Click the Validate button at the bottom right corner of the page after you have added all the nodes in your cluster and set all the required roles.

    Validate nodes
Note

For production clusters, the Cockpit Ceph installer will not proceed unless you have three or five monitors. In these examples Cluster Type is set to Development/POC so the install can proceed with only one monitor.

4.8. Complete the Validate page of the Cockpit Ceph Installer

The Validate page allows you to probe the nodes you provided on the Hosts page to verify they meet the hardware requirements for the roles you intend to use them for.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Click the Probe Hosts button.

    Click the Probe Hosts button

    To continue you must select at least three hosts which have an OK Status.

  2. Optional: If warnings or errors were generated for hosts, click the arrow to the left of the check mark for the host to view the issues.

    Validate errors
    Validate errors details
    Important

    If you set Cluster Type to Production, any errors generated will cause Status to be NOTOK and you will not be able to select them for installation. Read the next step for information on how to resolve errors.

    Important

    If you set Cluster Type to Development/POC, any errors generated will be listed as warnings so Status is always OK. This allows you to select the hosts and install Ceph on them regardless of whether the hosts meet the requirements or suggestions. You can still resolve warnings if you want to. Read the next step for information on how to resolve warnings.

  3. Optional: To resolve errors and warnings use one or more of the following methods.

    1. The easiest way to resolve errors or warnings is to disable certain roles completely or to disable a role on one host and enable it on another host which has the required resources.

      Experiment with enabling or disabling roles until you find a combination where, if you are installing a Development/POC cluster, you are comfortable proceeding with any remaining warnings, or if you are installing a Production cluster, at least three hosts have all the resources required for the roles assigned to them and you are comfortable proceeding with any remaining warnings.

    2. You can also use a new host which meets the requirements for the roles required. First go back to the Hosts page and delete the hosts with issues.

      Delete the host

      Then, add the new hosts.

    3. If you want to upgrade the hardware on a host or modify it in some other way so it will meet the requirements or suggestions, first make the desired changes to the host, and then click Probe Hosts again. If you have to reinstall the operating system you will have to copy the SSH key again.
  4. Select the hosts to install Red Hat Ceph Storage on by checking the box next to the host.

    Select hosts for installation
    Important

    If installing a production cluster, you must resolve any errors before you can select them for installation.

  5. Click the Network button at the bottom right corner of the page to review and configure networking for the cluster.

    Click the Network button

4.9. Complete the Network page of the Cockpit Ceph Installer

The Network page allows you to isolate certain cluster communication types to specific networks. This requires multiple different networks configured across the hosts in the cluster.

Important

The Network page uses information gathered from the probes done on the Validate page to display the networks your hosts have access to. Currently, if you have already proceeded to the Network page, you cannot add new networks to hosts, go back to the Validate page, reprobe the hosts, and proceed to the Network page again and use the new networks. They will not be displayed for selection. To use networks added to the hosts after already going to the Network page you must refresh the web page completely and restart the install from the beginning.

Important

For production clusters you must segregate intra-cluster-traffic from client-to-cluster traffic on separate NICs. In addition to segregating cluster traffic types, there are other networking considerations to take into account when setting up a Ceph cluster. For more information, see Network considerations in the Hardware Guide.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Take note of the network types you can configure on the Network page. Each type has its own column. Columns for Cluster Network and Public Network are always displayed. If you are installing hosts with the RADOS Gateway role, the S3 Network column will be displayed. If you are installing hosts with the iSCSI role, the iSCSI Network column will be displayed. In the example below, columns for Cluster Network, Public Network, and S3 Network are shown.

    Network page and network types
  2. Take note of the networks you can select for each network type. Only the networks which are available on all hosts that make up a particular network type are shown. In the example below, there are three networks which are available on all hosts in the cluster. Because all three networks are available on every set of hosts which make up a network type, each network type lists the same three networks.

    Networks available for selection

    The three networks available are 192.168.122.0/24, 192.168.123.0/24, and 192.168.124.0/24.

  3. Take note of the speed each network operates at. This is the speed of the NICs used for the particular network. In the example below, 192.168.123.0/24, and 192.168.124.0/24 are at 1,000 mbps. The Cockpit Ceph Installer could not determine the speed for the 192.168.122.0/24 network.

    Network speeds
  4. Select the networks you want to use for each network type. For production clusters, you must select separate networks for Cluster Network and Public Network. For development/POC clusters, you can select the same network for both types, or if you only have one network configured on all hosts, only that network will be displayed and you will not be able to select other networks.

    Select networks

    The 192.168.122.0/24 network will be used for the Public Network, the 192.168.123.0/24 network will be used for the Cluster Network, and the 192.168.124.0/24 network will be used for the S3 Network.

  5. Click the Review button at the bottom right corner of the page to review the entire cluster configuration before installation.

    Click the Review button

4.10. Review the installation configuration

The Review page allows you to view all the details of the Ceph cluster installation configuration that you set on the previous pages, and details about the hosts, some of which were not included in previous pages.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. View the review page.

    View the Review page
  2. Verify the information from each previous page is as you expect it as shown on the Review page. A summary of information from the Environment page is at 1, followed by the Hosts page at 2, the Validate page at 3, the Network page at 4, and details about the hosts, including some additional details which were not included in previous pages, are at 5.

    Review page highlights
  3. Click the Deploy button at the bottom right corner of the page to go to the Deploy page where you can finalize and start the actual installation process.

    Click the Deploy button

4.11. Deploy the Ceph cluster

The Deploy page allows you save the installation settings in their native Ansible format, review or modify them if required, start the install, monitor its progress, and view the status of the cluster after the install finishes successfully.

Prerequisites

  • Installation configuration settings on the Review page have been verified.

Procedure

  1. Click the Save button at the bottom right corner of the page to save the installation settings to the Ansible playbooks that will be used by Ansible to perform the actual install.

    Click the Save button
  2. Optional: View or further customize the settings in the Ansible playbooks located on the Ansible administration node. The playbooks are located in /usr/share/ceph-ansible. For more information about the Ansible playbooks and how to use them to customize the install, see Installing a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
  3. Secure the default user names and passwords for Grafana and dashboard. Starting with Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.1, you must uncomment or set dashboard_admin_password and grafana_admin_password in /usr/share/ceph-ansible/group_vars/all.yml. Set secure passwords for each. Also set custom user names for dashboard_admin_user and grafana_admin_user.
  4. Click the Deploy button at the bottom right corner of the page to start the install.

    Click the Deploy button
  5. Observe the installation progress while it is running.

    The information at 1 shows whether the install is running or not, the start time, and elapsed time. The information at 2 shows a summary of the Ansible tasks that have been attempted. The information at 3 shows which roles have been installed or are installing. Green represents a role where all hosts that were assigned that role have had that role installed on them. Blue represents a role where hosts that have that role assigned to them are still being installed. At 4 you can view details about the current task or view failed tasks. Use the Filter by menu to switch between current task and failed tasks.

    Installation progress

    The role names come from the Ansible inventory file. The equivalency is: mons are Monitors, mgrs are Managers, note the Manager role is installed alongside the Monitor role, osds are Object Storage Devices, mdss are Metadata Servers, rgws are RADOS Gateways, metrics are Grafana and Prometheus services for dashboard metrics. Not shown in the example screenshot: iscsigws are iSCSI Gateways.

  6. After the installation finishes, click the Complete button at the bottom right corner of the page. This opens a window which displays the output of the command ceph status, as well as dashboard access information.

    Complete button
  7. Compare cluster status information in the example below with the cluster status information on your cluster. The example shows a healthy cluster, with all OSDs up and in, and all services active. PGs are in the active+clean state. If some aspects of your cluster are not the same, refer to the Troubleshoting Guide for information on how to resolve the issues.

    Ceph Cluster Status Window
  8. At the bottom of the Ceph Cluster Status window, the dashboard access information is displayed, including the URL, user name, and password. Take note of this information.

    Dashboard access information
  9. Use the information from the previous step along with the Dashboard Guide to access the dashboard.

    Dashboard

    The dashboard provides a web interface so you can administer and monitor the Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster. For more information, see the Dashboard Guide.

  10. Optional: View the cockpit-ceph-installer.log file. This file records a log of the selections made and any associated warnings the probe process generated. It is located in the home directory of the user that ran the installer script, ansible-runner-service.sh.

Chapter 5. Installing Red Hat Ceph Storage using Ansible

This chapter describes how to use the Ansible application to deploy a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster and other components, such as Metadata Servers or the Ceph Object Gateway.

5.1. Prerequisites

5.2. Installing a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster

Use the Ansible application with the ceph-ansible playbook to install Red Hat Ceph Storage on bare-metal or in containers. Using a Ceph storage clusters in production must have a minimum of three monitor nodes and three OSD nodes containing multiple OSD daemons. A typical Ceph storage cluster running in production usually consists of ten or more nodes.

In the following procedure, run the commands from the Ansible administration node, unless instructed otherwise. This procedure applies to both bare-metal and container deployments, unless specified.

Important

Ceph can run with one monitor; however, to ensure high availability in a production cluster, Red Hat will only support deployments with at least three monitor nodes.

Important

Deploying Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 in containers on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.7 will deploy Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 on a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 container image.

Prerequisites

  • A valid customer subscription.
  • Root-level access to the Ansible administration node.
  • The ansible user account for use with the Ansible application.
  • Enable Red Hat Ceph Storage Tools and Ansible repositories
  • For ISO installation, download the latest ISO image on the Ansible node. See the section For ISO Installations in Enabling the Red Hat Ceph Storage repositories chapter in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Installation Guide.

Procedure

  1. Log in as the root user account on the Ansible administration node.
  2. For all deployments, bare-metal or in containers, install the ceph-ansible package:

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

    [root@admin ~]# yum install ceph-ansible

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

    [root@admin ~]# dnf install ceph-ansible

  3. Navigate to the /usr/share/ceph-ansible/ directory:

    [root@admin ~]# cd /usr/share/ceph-ansible
  4. Create new yml files:

    [root@admin ceph-ansible]# cp group_vars/all.yml.sample group_vars/all.yml
    [root@admin ceph-ansible]# cp group_vars/osds.yml.sample group_vars/osds.yml
    1. Bare-metal deployments:

      [root@admin ceph-ansible]# cp site.yml.sample site.yml
    2. Container deployments:

      [root@admin ceph-ansible]# cp site-container.yml.sample site-container.yml
  5. Edit the new files.

    1. Open for editing the group_vars/all.yml file.

      Important

      Using a custom storage cluster name is not supported. Do not set the cluster parameter to any value other than ceph. Using a custom storage cluster name is only supported with Ceph clients, such as: librados, the Ceph Object Gateway, and RADOS block device mirroring.

      Warning

      By default, Ansible attempts to restart an installed, but masked firewalld service, which can cause the Red Hat Ceph Storage deployment to fail. To work around this issue, set the configure_firewall option to false in the all.yml file. If you are running the firewalld service, then there is no requirement to use the configure_firewall option in the all.yml file.

      Note

      Having the ceph_rhcs_version option set to 4 will pull in the latest version of Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.

      Note

      Red Hat recommends leaving the dashboard_enabled option set to True in the group_vars/all.yml file, and not changing it to False. If you want to disable the dashboard, see Disabling the Ceph Dashboard.

      Note

      Dashboard related components are containerized. Therefore, for Bare-metal or Container deployment, ceph_docker_registry_username and ceph_docker_registry_password parameters have to be included so that ceph-ansible can fetch container images required for the dashboard.

      Note

      If you do not have a Red Hat Registry Service Account, create one using the Registry Service Account webpage. See the Red Hat Container Registry Authentication Knowledgebase article for details on how to create and manage tokens.

      Note

      In addition to using a Service Account for the ceph_docker_registry_username and ceph_docker_registry_password parameters, you can also use your Customer Portal credentials, but to ensure security, encrypt the ceph_docker_registry_password parameter. For more information, see Encrypting Ansible password variables with ansible-vault.

      1. Bare-metal example of the all.yml file for CDN installation:

        fetch_directory: ~/ceph-ansible-keys
        ceph_origin: repository
        ceph_repository: rhcs
        ceph_repository_type: cdn
        ceph_rhcs_version: 4
        monitor_interface: eth0 1
        public_network: 192.168.0.0/24
        ceph_docker_registry: registry.redhat.io
        ceph_docker_registry_auth: true
        ceph_docker_registry_username: SERVICE_ACCOUNT_USER_NAME
        ceph_docker_registry_password: TOKEN
        dashboard_admin_user:
        dashboard_admin_password:
        node_exporter_container_image: registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus-node-exporter:v4.6
        grafana_admin_user:
        grafana_admin_password:
        grafana_container_image: registry.redhat.io/rhceph/rhceph-4-dashboard-rhel8
        prometheus_container_image: registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus:v4.6
        alertmanager_container_image: registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus-alertmanager:v4.6
        1
        This is the interface on the public network.
        Important

        Starting with Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.1, you must uncomment or set dashboard_admin_password and grafana_admin_password in /usr/share/ceph-ansible/group_vars/all.yml. Set secure passwords for each. Also set custom user names for dashboard_admin_user and grafana_admin_user.

        Note

        For Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.2, if you have used local registry for installation, use 4.6 for Prometheus image tags.

      2. Bare-metal example of the all.yml file for ISO installation:

        fetch_directory: ~/ceph-ansible-keys
        ceph_origin: repository
        ceph_repository: rhcs
        ceph_repository_type: iso
        ceph_rhcs_iso_path: /home/rhceph-4-rhel-8-x86_64.iso
        ceph_rhcs_version: 4
        monitor_interface: eth0 1
        public_network: 192.168.0.0/24
        ceph_docker_registry: registry.redhat.io
        ceph_docker_registry_auth: true
        ceph_docker_registry_username: SERVICE_ACCOUNT_USER_NAME
        ceph_docker_registry_password: TOKEN
        dashboard_admin_user:
        dashboard_admin_password:
        node_exporter_container_image: registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus-node-exporter:v4.6
        grafana_admin_user:
        grafana_admin_password:
        grafana_container_image: registry.redhat.io/rhceph/rhceph-4-dashboard-rhel8
        prometheus_container_image: registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus:v4.6
        alertmanager_container_image: registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus-alertmanager:v4.6
        1
        This is the interface on the public network.
      3. Containers example of the all.yml file:

        fetch_directory: ~/ceph-ansible-keys
        monitor_interface: eth0 1
        public_network: 192.168.0.0/24
        ceph_docker_image: rhceph/rhceph-4-rhel8
        ceph_docker_image_tag: latest
        containerized_deployment: true
        ceph_docker_registry: registry.redhat.io
        ceph_docker_registry_auth: true
        ceph_docker_registry_username: SERVICE_ACCOUNT_USER_NAME
        ceph_docker_registry_password: TOKEN
        ceph_origin: repository
        ceph_repository: rhcs
        ceph_repository_type: cdn
        ceph_rhcs_version: 4
        dashboard_admin_user:
        dashboard_admin_password:
        node_exporter_container_image: registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus-node-exporter:v4.6
        grafana_admin_user:
        grafana_admin_password:
        grafana_container_image: registry.redhat.io/rhceph/rhceph-4-dashboard-rhel8
        prometheus_container_image: registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus:v4.6
        alertmanager_container_image: registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus-alertmanager:v4.6
        1
        This is the interface on the public network.
        Important

        Look up the latest container images tags on the Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog to install the latest container images with all the latest patches applied.

      4. Containers example of the all.yml file, when the Red Hat Ceph Storage nodes do NOT have access to the Internet during deployment:

        fetch_directory: ~/ceph-ansible-keys
        monitor_interface: eth0 1
        public_network: 192.168.0.0/24
        ceph_docker_image: rhceph/rhceph-4-rhel8
        ceph_docker_image_tag: latest
        containerized_deployment: true
        ceph_docker_registry: LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000
        ceph_docker_registry_auth: false
        ceph_origin: repository
        ceph_repository: rhcs
        ceph_repository_type: cdn
        ceph_rhcs_version: 4
        dashboard_admin_user:
        dashboard_admin_password:
        node_exporter_container_image: LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/openshift4/ose-prometheus-node-exporter:v4.6
        grafana_admin_user:
        grafana_admin_password:
        grafana_container_image: LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/rhceph/rhceph-4-dashboard-rhel8
        prometheus_container_image: LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/openshift4/ose-prometheus:4.6
        alertmanager_container_image: LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/openshift4/ose-prometheus-alertmanager:4.6
        1
        This is the interface on the public network.
        Replace
        • LOCAL_NODE_FQDN with your local host FQDN.
      5. From Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.2, dashboard_protocol is set to https and Ansible generates the dashboard and grafana keys and certificates. For custom certificates, in the all.yml file, update the path at Ansible installer host for dashboard_crt, dashboard_key, grafana_crt, and grafana_key for bare-metal or container deployment.

        Syntax

        dashboard_protocol: https
        dashboard_port: 8443
        dashboard_crt: 'DASHBOARD_CERTIFICATE_PATH'
        dashboard_key: 'DASHBOARD_KEY_PATH'
        dashboard_tls_external: false
        dashboard_grafana_api_no_ssl_verify: "{{ True if dashboard_protocol == 'https' and not grafana_crt and not grafana_key else False }}"
        grafana_crt: 'GRAFANA_CERTIFICATE_PATH'
        grafana_key: 'GRAFANA_KEY_PATH'

    2. To install Red Hat Ceph Storage using a container registry reachable with a http or https proxy, set the ceph_docker_http_proxy or ceph_docker_https_proxy variables in the group_vars/all.yml file.

      Example

      ceph_docker_http_proxy: http://192.168.42.100:8080
      ceph_docker_https_proxy: https://192.168.42.100:8080

      If you need to exclude some host for the proxy configuration, use the ceph_docker_no_proxy variable in the group_vars/all.yml file.

      Example

      ceph_docker_no_proxy: "localhost,127.0.0.1"

    3. In addition to editing the all.yml file for proxy installation of Red Hat Ceph Storage, edit the /etc/environment file:

      Example

      HTTP_PROXY: http://192.168.42.100:8080
      HTTPS_PROXY: https://192.168.42.100:8080
      NO_PROXY: "localhost,127.0.0.1"

      This triggers the podman to start the containerized services such as prometheus, grafana-server, alertmanager, and node-exporter, and download the required images.

    4. For all deployments, bare-metal or in containers, edit the group_vars/osds.yml file.

      Important

      Do not install an OSD on the device the operating system is installed on. Sharing the same device between the operating system and OSDs causes performance issues.

      Ceph-ansible uses the ceph-volume tool to prepare storage devices for Ceph usage. You can configure osds.yml to use your storage devices in different ways to optimize performance for your particular workload.

      Important

      All the examples below use the BlueStore object store, which is the format Ceph uses to store data on devices. Previously, Ceph used FileStore as the object store. This format is deprecated for new Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.0 installs because BlueStore offers more features and improved performance. It is still possible to use FileStore, but using it requires a Red Hat support exception. For more information on BlueStore, see Ceph BlueStore in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Architecture Guide.

      1. Auto discovery

        osd_auto_discovery: true

        The above example uses all empty storage devices on the system to create the OSDs, so you do not have to specify them explicitly. The ceph-volume tool checks for empty devices, so devices which are not empty will not be used.

        Note

        If you later decide to remove the cluster using purge-docker-cluster.yml or purge-cluster.yml, you must comment out osd_auto_discovery and declare the OSD devices in the osds.yml file. For more information, see Purging storage clusters deployed by Ansible.

      2. Simple configuration

        First Scenario

        devices:
          - /dev/sda
          - /dev/sdb

        or

        Second Scenario

        devices:
          - /dev/sda
          - /dev/sdb
          - /dev/nvme0n1
          - /dev/sdc
          - /dev/sdd
          - /dev/nvme1n1

        or

        Third Scenario

        lvm_volumes:
           - data: /dev/sdb
           - data: /dev/sdc

        or

        Fourth Scenario

        lvm_volumes:
            - data: /dev/sdb
            - data:/dev/nvme0n1

        When using the devices option alone, ceph-volume lvm batch mode automatically optimizes OSD configuration.

        In the first scenario, if the devices are traditional hard drives or SSDs, then one OSD per device is created.

        In the second scenario, when there is a mix of traditional hard drives and SSDs, the data is placed on the traditional hard drives (sda, sdb) and the BlueStore database is created as large as possible on the SSD (nvme0n1). Similarly, the data is placed on the traditional hard drives (sdc, sdd), and the BlueStore database is created on the SSD nvme1n1 irrespective of the order of devices mentioned.

        Note

        By default ceph-ansible does not override the default values of bluestore_block_db_size and bluestore_block_wal_size. You can set bluestore_block_db_size using ceph_conf_overrides in the group_vars/all.yml file. The value of bluestore_block_db_size should be greater than 2 GB.

        In the third scenario, data is placed on the traditional hard drives (sdb, sdc), and the BlueStore database is collocated on the same devices.

        In the fourth scenario, data is placed on the traditional hard drive (sdb) and on the SSD (nvme1n1), and the BlueStore database is collocated on the same devices. This is different from using the devices directive, where the BlueStore database is placed on the SSD.

        Important

        The ceph-volume lvm batch mode command creates the optimized OSD configuration by placing data on the traditional hard drives and the BlueStore database on the SSD. If you want to specify the logical volumes and volume groups to use, you can create them directly by following the Advanced configuration scenarios below.

      3. Advanced configuration

        First Scenario

        devices:
          - /dev/sda
          - /dev/sdb
        dedicated_devices:
          - /dev/sdx
          - /dev/sdy

        or

        Second Scenario

        devices:
          - /dev/sda
          - /dev/sdb
        dedicated_devices:
          - /dev/sdx
          - /dev/sdy
        bluestore_wal_devices:
          - /dev/nvme0n1
          - /dev/nvme0n2

        In the first scenario, there are two OSDs. The sda and sdb devices each have their own data segments and write-ahead logs. The additional dictionary dedicated_devices is used to isolate their databases, also known as block.db, on sdx and sdy, respectively.

        In the second scenario, another additional dictionary, bluestore_wal_devices, is used to isolate the write-ahead log on NVMe devices nvme0n1 and nvme0n2. Using the devices, dedicated_devices, and bluestore_wal_devices, options together, this allows you to isolate all components of an OSD onto separate devices. Laying out the OSDs like this can increase overall performance.

      4. Pre-created logical volumes

        First Scenario

        lvm_volumes:
          - data: data-lv1
            data_vg: data-vg1
            db: db-lv1
            db_vg: db-vg1
            wal: wal-lv1
            wal_vg: wal-vg1
          - data: data-lv2
            data_vg: data-vg2
            db: db-lv2
            db_vg: db-vg2
            wal: wal-lv2
            wal_vg: wal-vg2

        or

        Second Scenario

        lvm_volumes:
          - data: /dev/sdb
            db:    db-lv1
            db_vg: db-vg1
            wal: wal-lv1
            wal_vg: wal-vg1

        By default, Ceph uses Logical Volume Manager to create logical volumes on the OSD devices. In the Simple configuration and Advanced configuration examples above, Ceph creates logical volumes on the devices automatically. You can use previously created logical volumes with Ceph by specifying the lvm_volumes dictionary.

        In the first scenario, the data is placed on dedicated logical volumes, database, and WAL. You can also specify just data, data and WAL, or data and database. The data: line must specify the logical volume name where data is to be stored, and data_vg: must specify the name of the volume group the data logical volume is contained in. Similarly, db: is used to specify the logical volume the database is stored on and db_vg: is used to specify the volume group its logical volume is in. The wal: line specifies the logical volume the WAL is stored on and the wal_vg: line specifies the volume group that contains it.

        In the second scenario, the actual device name is set for the data: option, and doing so, does not require specifying the data_vg: option. You must specify the logical volume name and the volume group details for the BlueStore database and WAL devices.

        Important

        With lvm_volumes:, the volume groups and logical volumes must be created beforehand. The volume groups and logical volumes will not be created by ceph-ansible.

        Note

        If using all NVMe SSDs, then set osds_per_device: 2. For more information, see Configuring OSD Ansible settings for all NVMe Storage in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Installation Guide.

        Note

        After rebooting a Ceph OSD node, there is a possibility that the block device assignments will change. For example, sdc might become sdd. You can use persistent naming devices, such as the /dev/disk/by-path/ device path, instead of the traditional block device name.

  6. For all deployments, bare-metal or in containers, create the Ansible inventory file and then open it for editing:

    [root@admin ~]# cd /usr/share/ceph-ansible/
    [root@admin ceph-ansible]# touch hosts

    Edit the hosts file accordingly.

    Note

    For information about editing the Ansible inventory location, see Configuring Ansible inventory location.

    1. Add a node under [grafana-server]. This role installs Grafana and Prometheus to provide real-time insights into the performance of the Ceph cluster. These metrics are presented in the Ceph Dashboard, which allows you to monitor and manage the cluster. The installation of the dashboard, Grafana, and Prometheus are required. You can colocate the metrics functions on the Ansible Administration node. If you do, ensure the system resources of the node are greater than than what is required for a stand alone metrics node.

      [grafana-server]
      GRAFANA-SERVER_NODE_NAME
    2. Add the monitor nodes under the [mons] section:

      [mons]
      MONITOR_NODE_NAME_1
      MONITOR_NODE_NAME_2
      MONITOR_NODE_NAME_3
    3. Add OSD nodes under the [osds] section:

      [osds]
      OSD_NODE_NAME_1
      OSD_NODE_NAME_2
      OSD_NODE_NAME_3
      Note

      You can add a range specifier ([1:10]) to the end of the node name, if the node names are numerically sequential. For example:

      [osds]
      example-node[1:10]
      Note

      For OSDs in a new installation, the default object store format is BlueStore.

    4. Optionally, in container deployments, colocate Ceph Monitor daemons with the Ceph OSD daemons on one node by adding the same node under the [mon] and [osd] sections. In the Additional Resources section below, see the link on colocating Ceph daemons for more information.
    5. Add the Ceph Manager (ceph-mgr) nodes under the [mgrs] section. This is colocating the Ceph Manager daemon with Ceph Monitor daemon.

      [mgrs]
      MONITOR_NODE_NAME_1
      MONITOR_NODE_NAME_2
      MONITOR_NODE_NAME_3
  7. Optionally, if you want to use host specific parameters, for all deployments, bare-metal or in containers, create the host_vars directory with host files to include any parameters specific to hosts.

    1. Create the host_vars directory:

      [ansible@admin ~]$ mkdir /usr/share/ceph-ansible/host_vars
    2. Change to the host_vars directory:

      [ansible@admin ~]$ cd /usr/share/ceph-ansible/host_vars
    3. Create the host files. Use the host-name-short-name format for the name of the files, for example:

      [ansible@admin host_vars]$ touch tower-osd6
    4. Update the file with any host specific parameters, for example:

      1. In bare-metal deployments use the devices parameter to specify devices that the OSD nodes will use. Using devices is useful when OSDs use devices with different names or when one of the devices failed on one of the OSDs.

        devices:
            DEVICE_1
            DEVICE_2

        Example

        devices:
            /dev/sdb
            /dev/sdc

        Note

        When specifying no devices, set the osd_auto_discovery parameter to true in the group_vars/osds.yml file.

  8. Optionally, for all deployments, bare-metal or in containers, you can create a custom CRUSH hierarchy using Ceph Ansible:

    1. Setup your Ansible inventory file. Specify where you want the OSD hosts to be in the CRUSH map’s hierarchy by using the osd_crush_location parameter. You must specify at least two CRUSH bucket types to specify the location of the OSD, and one bucket type must be host. By default, these include root, datacenter, room, row, pod, pdu, rack, chassis and host.

      Syntax

      [osds]
      CEPH_OSD_NAME osd_crush_location="{ 'root': ROOT_BUCKET_', 'rack': 'RACK_BUCKET', 'pod': 'POD_BUCKET', 'host': 'CEPH_HOST_NAME' }"

      Example

      [osds]
      ceph-osd-01 osd_crush_location="{ 'root': 'default', 'rack': 'rack1', 'pod': 'monpod', 'host': 'ceph-osd-01' }"

    2. Edit the group_vars/osds.yml file, and set the crush_rule_config and create_crush_tree parameters to True. Create at least one CRUSH rule if you do not want to use the default CRUSH rules, for example:

      crush_rule_config: True
      crush_rule_hdd:
          name: replicated_hdd_rule
          root: root-hdd
          type: host
          class: hdd
          default: True
      crush_rules:
        - "{{ crush_rule_hdd }}"
      create_crush_tree: True

      If you are using faster SSD devices, then edit the parameters as follows:

      crush_rule_config: True
      crush_rule_ssd:
          name: replicated_ssd_rule
          root: root-ssd
          type: host
          class: ssd
          default: True
      crush_rules:
        - "{{ crush_rule_ssd }}"
      create_crush_tree: True
      Note

      The default CRUSH rules fail if both ssd and hdd OSDs are not deployed because the default rules now include the class parameter, which must be defined.

    3. Create pools, with created crush_rules in group_vars/clients.yml file:

      Example

      copy_admin_key: True
      user_config: True
      pool1:
        name: "pool1"
        pg_num: 128
        pgp_num: 128
        rule_name: "HDD"
        type: "replicated"
        device_class: "hdd"
      pools:
        - "{{ pool1 }}"

    4. View the tree:

      [root@mon ~]# ceph osd tree
    5. Validate the pools:

      [root@mon ~]# for i in $(rados lspools); do echo "pool: $i"; ceph osd pool get $i crush_rule; done
      
      pool: pool1
      crush_rule: HDD
  9. For all deployments, bare-metal or in containers, log in with or switch to the ansible user.

    1. Create the ceph-ansible-keys directory where Ansible stores temporary values generated by the ceph-ansible playbook:

      [ansible@admin ~]$ mkdir ~/ceph-ansible-keys
    2. Change to the /usr/share/ceph-ansible/ directory:

      [ansible@admin ~]$ cd /usr/share/ceph-ansible/
    3. Verify that Ansible can reach the Ceph nodes:

      [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible all -m ping -i hosts
  10. Run the ceph-ansible playbook.

    1. Bare-metal deployments:

      [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site.yml -i hosts
    2. Container deployments:

      [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site-container.yml -i hosts
      Note

      If you deploy Red Hat Ceph Storage to Red Hat Enterprise Linux Atomic Host hosts, use the --skip-tags=with_pkg option:

      [user@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site-container.yml --skip-tags=with_pkg -i hosts
      Note

      To increase the deployment speed, use the --forks option to ansible-playbook. By default, ceph-ansible sets forks to 20. With this setting, up to twenty nodes will be installed at the same time. To install up to thirty nodes at a time, run ansible-playbook --forks 30 PLAYBOOK FILE -i hosts. The resources on the admin node must be monitored to ensure they are not overused. If they are, lower the number passed to --forks.

  11. Wait for the Ceph deployment to finish.

    Example output

    INSTALLER STATUS *******************************
    Install Ceph Monitor           : Complete (0:00:30)
    Install Ceph Manager           : Complete (0:00:47)
    Install Ceph OSD               : Complete (0:00:58)
    Install Ceph RGW               : Complete (0:00:34)
    Install Ceph Dashboard         : Complete (0:00:58)
    Install Ceph Grafana           : Complete (0:00:50)
    Install Ceph Node Exporter     : Complete (0:01:14)
  12. Verify the status of the Ceph storage cluster.

    1. Bare-metal deployments:

      [root@mon ~]# ceph health
      HEALTH_OK
    2. Container deployments:

      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

      [root@mon ~]# docker exec ceph-mon-ID ceph health

      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

      [root@mon ~]# podman exec ceph-mon-ID ceph health

      Replace
      • ID with the host name of the Ceph Monitor node:

        Example

        [root@mon ~]# podman exec ceph-mon-mon0 ceph health
        HEALTH_OK

  13. For all deployments, bare-metal or in containers, verify the storage cluster is functioning using rados.

    1. From a Ceph Monitor node, create a test pool with eight placement groups (PG):

      Syntax

      [root@mon ~]# ceph osd pool create POOL_NAME PG_NUMBER

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# ceph osd pool create test 8

    2. Create a file called hello-world.txt:

      Syntax

      [root@mon ~]# vim FILE_NAME

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# vim hello-world.txt

    3. Upload hello-world.txt to the test pool using the object name hello-world:

      Syntax

      [root@mon ~]# rados --pool POOL_NAME put OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_FILE_NAME

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# rados --pool test put hello-world hello-world.txt

    4. Download hello-world from the test pool as file name fetch.txt:

      Syntax

      [root@mon ~]# rados --pool POOL_NAME get OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_FILE_NAME

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# rados --pool test get hello-world fetch.txt

    5. Check the contents of fetch.txt:

      [root@mon ~]# cat fetch.txt
      "Hello World!"
      Note

      In addition to verifying the storage cluster status, you can use the ceph-medic utility to overall diagnose the Ceph Storage cluster. See the Installing and Using ceph-medic to Diagnose a Ceph Storage Cluster chapter in the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 Troubleshooting Guide.

Additional Resources

5.3. Configuring OSD Ansible settings for all NVMe storage

To increase overall performance, you can configure Ansible to use only non-volatile memory express (NVMe) devices for storage. Normally only one OSD is configured per device, which underutilizes the throughput potential of an NVMe device.

Note

If you mix SSDs and HDDs, then SSDs will be used for the database, or block.db, not for data in OSDs.

Note

In testing, configuring two OSDs on each NVMe device was found to provide optimal performance. Red Hat recommends setting the osds_per_device option to 2, but it is not required. Other values might provide better performance in your environment.

Prerequisites

  • Access to an Ansible administration node.
  • Installation of the ceph-ansible package.

Procedure

  1. Set osds_per_device: 2 in group_vars/osds.yml:

    osds_per_device: 2
  2. List the NVMe devices under devices:

    devices:
      - /dev/nvme0n1
      - /dev/nvme1n1
      - /dev/nvme2n1
      - /dev/nvme3n1
  3. The settings in group_vars/osds.yml will look similar to this example:

    osds_per_device: 2
    devices:
      - /dev/nvme0n1
      - /dev/nvme1n1
      - /dev/nvme2n1
      - /dev/nvme3n1
Note

You must use devices with this configuration, not lvm_volumes. This is because lvm_volumes is generally used with pre-created logical volumes and osds_per_device implies automatic logical volume creation by Ceph.

Additional Resources

5.4. Installing Metadata servers

Use the Ansible automation application to install a Ceph Metadata Server (MDS). Metadata Server daemons are necessary for deploying a Ceph File System.

Prerequisites

Procedure

Perform the following steps on the Ansible administration node.

  1. Add a new section [mdss] to the /etc/ansible/hosts file:

    [mdss]
    MDS_NODE_NAME1
    MDS_NODE_NAME2
    MDS_NODE_NAME3

    Replace MDS_NODE_NAME with the host names of the nodes where you want to install the Ceph Metadata servers.

    Alternatively, you can colocate the Metadata server with the OSD daemon on one node by adding the same node under the [osds] and [mdss] sections.

  2. Navigate to the /usr/share/ceph-ansible directory:

    [root@admin ~]# cd /usr/share/ceph-ansible
  3. Optionally, you can change the default variables.

    1. Create a copy of the group_vars/mdss.yml.sample file named mdss.yml:

      [root@admin ceph-ansible]# cp group_vars/mdss.yml.sample group_vars/mdss.yml
    2. Optionally, edit the parameters in mdss.yml. See mdss.yml for details.
  4. As the ansible user, run the Ansible playbook:

    • Bare-metal deployments:

      [user@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site.yml --limit mdss -i hosts
    • Container deployments:

      [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site-container.yml --limit mdss -i hosts
  5. After installing the Metadata servers, you can now configure them. For details, see the The Ceph File System Metadata Server chapter in the Red Hat Ceph Storage File System Guide.

Additional Resources

5.5. Installing the Ceph Client Role

The ceph-ansible utility provides the ceph-client role that copies the Ceph configuration file and the administration keyring to nodes. In addition, you can use this role to create custom pools and clients.

Prerequisites

Procedure

Perform the following tasks on the Ansible administration node.

  1. Add a new section [clients] to the /etc/ansible/hosts file:

    [clients]
    CLIENT_NODE_NAME

    Replace CLIENT_NODE_NAME with the host name of the node where you want to install the ceph-client role.

  2. Navigate to the /usr/share/ceph-ansible directory:

    [root@admin ~]# cd /usr/share/ceph-ansible
  3. Create a new copy of the clients.yml.sample file named clients.yml:

    [root@admin ceph-ansible ~]# cp group_vars/clients.yml.sample group_vars/clients.yml
  4. Open the group_vars/clients.yml file, and uncomment the following lines:

    keys:
      - { name: client.test, caps: { mon: "allow r", osd: "allow class-read object_prefix rbd_children, allow rwx pool=test" },  mode: "{{ ceph_keyring_permissions }}" }
    1. Replace client.test with the real client name, and add the client key to the client definition line, for example:

      key: "ADD-KEYRING-HERE=="

      Now the whole line example would look similar to this:

      - { name: client.test, key: "AQAin8tUMICVFBAALRHNrV0Z4MXupRw4v9JQ6Q==", caps: { mon: "allow r", osd: "allow class-read object_prefix rbd_children, allow rwx pool=test" },  mode: "{{ ceph_keyring_permissions }}" }
      Note

      The ceph-authtool --gen-print-key command can generate a new client key.

  5. Optionally, instruct ceph-client to create pools and clients.

    1. Update clients.yml.

      • Uncomment the user_config setting and set it to true.
      • Uncomment the pools and keys sections and update them as required. You can define custom pools and client names altogether with the cephx capabilities.
    2. Add the osd_pool_default_pg_num setting to the ceph_conf_overrides section in the all.yml file:

      ceph_conf_overrides:
         global:
            osd_pool_default_pg_num: NUMBER

      Replace NUMBER with the default number of placement groups.

  6. As the ansible user, run the Ansible playbook:

    1. Bare-metal deployments:

      [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site.yml --limit clients -i hosts
    2. Container deployments:

      [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site-container.yml --limit clients -i hosts

Additional Resources

5.6. Installing the Ceph Object Gateway

The Ceph Object Gateway, also know as the RADOS gateway, is an object storage interface built on top of the librados API to provide applications with a RESTful gateway to Ceph storage clusters.

Prerequisites

Warning

If you intend to use Ceph Object Gateway in a multisite configuration, only complete steps 1 - 6. Do not run the Ansible playbook before configuring multisite as this will start the Object Gateway in a single site configuration. Ansible cannot reconfigure the gateway to a multisite setup after it has already been started in a single site configuration. After you complete steps 1 - 6, proceed to the Configuring multisite Ceph Object Gateways section to set up multisite.

Procedure

Perform the following tasks on the Ansible administration node.

  1. Add gateway hosts to the /etc/ansible/hosts file under the [rgws] section to identify their roles to Ansible. If the hosts have sequential naming, use a range, for example:

    [rgws]
    <rgw_host_name_1>
    <rgw_host_name_2>
    <rgw_host_name[3..10]>
  2. Navigate to the Ansible configuration directory:

    [root@ansible ~]# cd /usr/share/ceph-ansible
  3. Create the rgws.yml file from the sample file:

    [root@ansible ~]# cp group_vars/rgws.yml.sample group_vars/rgws.yml
  4. Open and edit the group_vars/rgws.yml file. To copy the administrator key to the Ceph Object Gateway node, uncomment the copy_admin_key option:

    copy_admin_key: true
  5. In the all.yml file, you MUST specify a radosgw_interface.

    radosgw_interface: <interface>

    Replace:

    • <interface> with the interface that the Ceph Object Gateway nodes listen to

    For example:

    radosgw_interface: eth0

    Specifying the interface prevents Civetweb from binding to the same IP address as another Civetweb instance when running multiple instances on the same host.

    For additional details, see the all.yml file.

  6. Generally, to change default settings, uncomment the settings in the rgws.yml file, and make changes accordingly. To make additional changes to settings that are not in the rgws.yml file, use ceph_conf_overrides: in the all.yml file.

    ceph_conf_overrides:
        client.rgw.rgw1:
          rgw_override_bucket_index_max_shards: 16
          rgw_bucket_default_quota_max_objects: 1638400

    For advanced configuration details, see the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 Ceph Object Gateway for Production guide. Advanced topics include:

  7. Run the Ansible playbook:

    Warning

    Do not run the Ansible playbook if you intend to set up multisite. Proceed to the Configuring multisite Ceph Object Gateways section to set up multisite.

    1. Bare-metal deployments:

      [user@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site.yml --limit rgws -i hosts
    2. Container deployments:

      [user@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site-container.yml --limit rgws -i hosts
Note

Ansible ensures that each Ceph Object Gateway is running.

For a single site configuration, add Ceph Object Gateways to the Ansible configuration.

For multi-site deployments, you should have an Ansible configuration for each zone. That is, Ansible will create a Ceph storage cluster and gateway instances for that zone.

After installation for a multi-site cluster is complete, proceed to the Multi-site chapter in the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 Object Gateway Guide for details on configuring a cluster for multi-site.

Additional Resources

5.7. Configuring multisite Ceph Object Gateways

As a system administrator, you can configure multisite Ceph Object Gateways to mirror data across clusters for disaster recovery purposes.

You can configure multisite with one or more RGW realms. A realm allows the RGWs inside of it to be independent and isolated from RGWs outside of the realm. This way, data written to an RGW in one realm cannot be accessed by an RGW in another realm.

Warning

Ceph-ansible cannot reconfigure gateways to a multisite setup after they have already been used in single site configurations. You can deploy this configuration manually. Contact Red hat Support for assistance.

Note

From Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.1, you do not need to set the value of rgw_multisite_endpoints_list in group_vars/all.yml file.

See the Multisite section in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Object Gateway Configuration and Administration Guide for more information.

5.7.1. Prerequisites

5.7.2. Configuring a multi-site Ceph Object Gateway with one realm

Ceph-ansible configures Ceph Object Gateways to mirror data in one realm across multiple storage clusters with multiple Ceph Object Gateway instances.

Warning

Ceph-ansible cannot reconfigure gateways to a multisite setup after they have already been used in single site configurations. You can deploy this configuration manually. Contact Red hat Support for assistance.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Generate the system keys and capture their output in the multi-site-keys.txt file:

    [root@ansible ~]# echo system_access_key: $(cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 20 | head -n 1) > multi-site-keys.txt
    [root@ansible ~]# echo system_secret_key: $(cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 40 | head -n 1) >> multi-site-keys.txt

Primary storage cluster

  1. Navigate to the Ceph-ansible configuration directory:

    [root@ansible ~]# cd /usr/share/ceph-ansible
  2. Open and edit the group_vars/all.yml file. Uncomment the rgw_multisite line and set it to true. Uncomment the rgw_multisite_proto parameter.

    rgw_multisite: true
    rgw_multisite_proto: "http"
  3. Create a host_vars directory in /usr/share/ceph-ansible:

    [root@ansible ceph-ansible]# mkdir host_vars
  4. Create a file in host_vars for each of the Object Gateway nodes on the primary storage cluster. The file name should be the same name as used in the Ansible inventory file. For example, if the Object Gateway node is named rgw-primary, create the file host_vars/rgw-primary.

    Syntax

    touch host_vars/NODE_NAME

    Example

    [root@ansible ceph-ansible]# touch host_vars/rgw-primary

    Note

    If there are multiple Ceph Object Gateway nodes in the cluster used for the multi-site configuration, then create separate files for each of the nodes.

  5. Edit the files and add the configuration details for all the instances on the respective Object Gateway nodes. Configure the following settings, along with updating the ZONE_NAME, ZONE_GROUP_NAME, ZONE_USER_NAME, ZONE_DISPLAY_NAME, and REALM_NAME accordingly. Use the random strings saved in the multi-site-keys.txt file for ACCESS_KEY and SECRET_KEY.

    Syntax

    rgw_instances:
      - instance_name: 'INSTANCE_NAME'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: true
          rgw_zonesecondary: false
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: true
          rgw_zone: ZONE_NAME_1
          rgw_zonegroup: ZONE_GROUP_NAME_1
          rgw_realm: REALM_NAME_1
          rgw_zone_user: ZONE_USER_NAME_1
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "ZONE_DISPLAY_NAME_1"
          system_access_key: ACCESS_KEY_1
          system_secret_key: SECRET_KEY_1
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: RGW_PRIMARY_PORT_NUMBER_1

    Example

    rgw_instances:
      - instance_name: 'rgw0'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: true
          rgw_zonesecondary: false
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: true
          rgw_zone: paris
          rgw_zonegroup: idf
          rgw_realm: france
          rgw_zone_user: jacques.chirac
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "Jacques Chirac"
          system_access_key: P9Eb6S8XNyo4dtZZUUMy
          system_secret_key: qqHCUtfdNnpHq3PZRHW5un9l0bEBM812Uhow0XfB
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: 8080

  6. Optional: For creating multiple instances, edit the files and add the configuration details to all the instances on the respective Object Gateway nodes. Configure the following settings along with updating the items under rgw_instances. Use the random strings saved in the multi-site-keys-realm-1.txt file for ACCESS_KEY_1 and SECRET_KEY_1.

    Syntax

    rgw_instances:
      - instance_name: 'INSTANCE_NAME_1'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: true
          rgw_zonesecondary: false
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: true
          rgw_zone: ZONE_NAME_1
          rgw_zonegroup: ZONE_GROUP_NAME_1
          rgw_realm: REALM_NAME_1
          rgw_zone_user: ZONE_USER_NAME_1
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "ZONE_DISPLAY_NAME_1"
          system_access_key: ACCESS_KEY_1
          system_secret_key: SECRET_KEY_1
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: PORT_NUMBER_1
      - instance_name: 'INSTANCE_NAME_2'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: true
          rgw_zonesecondary: false
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: true
          rgw_zone: ZONE_NAME_1
          rgw_zonegroup: ZONE_GROUP_NAME_1
          rgw_realm: REALM_NAME_1
          rgw_zone_user: ZONE_USER_NAME_1
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "ZONE_DISPLAY_NAME_1"
          system_access_key: ACCESS_KEY_1
          system_secret_key: SECRET_KEY_1
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: PORT_NUMBER_2

    Example

    rgw_instances:
      - instance_name: 'rgw0'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: true
          rgw_zonesecondary: false
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: true
          rgw_zone: paris
          rgw_zonegroup: idf
          rgw_realm: france
          rgw_zone_user: jacques.chirac
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "Jacques Chirac"
          system_access_key: P9Eb6S8XNyo4dtZZUUMy
          system_secret_key: qqHCUtfdNnpHq3PZRHW5un9l0bEBM812Uhow0XfB
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: 8080
     - instance_name: 'rgw1'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: true
          rgw_zonesecondary: false
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: true
          rgw_zone: paris
          rgw_zonegroup: idf
          rgw_realm: france
          rgw_zone_user: jacques.chirac
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "Jacques Chirac"
          system_access_key: P9Eb6S8XNyo4dtZZUUMy
          system_secret_key: qqHCUtfdNnpHq3PZRHW5un9l0bEBM812Uhow0XfB
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: 8081

Secondary storage cluster

  1. Navigate to the Ceph-ansible configuration directory:

    [root@ansible ~]# cd /usr/share/ceph-ansible
  2. Open and edit the group_vars/all.yml file. Uncomment the rgw_multisite line and set it to true. Uncomment the rgw_multisite_proto parameter.

    rgw_multisite: true
    rgw_multisite_proto: "http"
  3. Create a host_vars directory in /usr/share/ceph-ansible:

    [root@ansible ceph-ansible]# mkdir host_vars
  4. Create a file in host_vars for each of the Object Gateway nodes on the secondary storage cluster. The file name should be the same name as used in the Ansible inventory file. For example, if the Object Gateway node is named rgw-secondary, create the file host_vars/rgw-secondary.

    Syntax

    touch host_vars/NODE_NAME

    Example

    [root@ansible ceph-ansible]# touch host_vars/rgw-secondary

    Note

    If there are multiple Ceph Object Gateway nodes in the cluster used for the multi-site configuration, then create files for each of the nodes.

  5. Configure the following settings. Use the same values as used on the first cluster for ZONE_USER_NAME, ZONE_DISPLAY_NAME, ACCESS_KEY, SECRET_KEY, REALM_NAME, and ZONE_GROUP_NAME. Use a different value for ZONE_NAME from the primary storage cluster. Set MASTER_RGW_NODE_NAME to the Ceph Object Gateway node for the master zone. Note that, compared to the primary storage cluster, the settings for rgw_zonemaster, rgw_zonesecondary, and rgw_zonegroupmaster are reversed.

    Syntax

    rgw_instances:
      - instance_name: 'INSTANCE_NAME_1'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: false
          rgw_zonesecondary: true
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: false
          rgw_zone: ZONE_NAME_2
          rgw_zonegroup: ZONE_GROUP_NAME_1
          rgw_realm: REALM_NAME_1
          rgw_zone_user: ZONE_USER_NAME_1
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "ZONE_DISPLAY_NAME_1"
          system_access_key: ACCESS_KEY_1
          system_secret_key: SECRET_KEY_1
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: PORT_NUMBER_1
          endpoint: RGW_PRIMARY_HOSTNAME_ENDPOINT:RGW_PRIMARY_PORT_NUMBER_1

    Example

    rgw_instances:
      - instance_name: 'rgw0'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: false
          rgw_zonesecondary: true
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: false
          rgw_zone: lyon
          rgw_zonegroup: idf
          rgw_realm: france
          rgw_zone_user: jacques.chirac
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "Jacques Chirac"
          system_access_key: P9Eb6S8XNyo4dtZZUUMy
          system_secret_key: qqHCUtfdNnpHq3PZRHW5un9l0bEBM812Uhow0XfB
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: 8080
          endpoint: http://rgw-primary:8081

  6. Optional: For creating multiple instances, edit the files and add the configuration details to all the instances on the respective Object Gateway nodes. Configure the following settings along with updating the items under rgw_instances. Use the random strings saved in the multi-site-keys-realm-1.txt file for ACCESS_KEY_1 and SECRET_KEY_1. Set RGW_PRIMARY_HOSTNAME to the Object Gateway node in the primary storage cluster.

    Syntax

    rgw_instances:
      - instance_name: 'INSTANCE_NAME_1'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: false
          rgw_zonesecondary: true
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: false
          rgw_zone: ZONE_NAME_2
          rgw_zonegroup: ZONE_GROUP_NAME_1
          rgw_realm: REALM_NAME_1
          rgw_zone_user: ZONE_USER_NAME_1
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "ZONE_DISPLAY_NAME_1"
          system_access_key: ACCESS_KEY_1
          system_secret_key: SECRET_KEY_1
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: PORT_NUMBER_1
          endpoint: RGW_PRIMARY_HOSTNAME:RGW_PRIMARY_PORT_NUMBER_1
      - instance_name: '_INSTANCE_NAME_2_'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: false
          rgw_zonesecondary: true
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: false
          rgw_zone: ZONE_NAME_2
          rgw_zonegroup: ZONE_GROUP_NAME_1
          rgw_realm: REALM_NAME_1
          rgw_zone_user: ZONE_USER_NAME_1
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "ZONE_DISPLAY_NAME_1"
          system_access_key: ACCESS_KEY_1
          system_secret_key: SECRET_KEY_1
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port:  PORT_NUMBER_1
          endpoint: RGW_PRIMARY_HOSTNAME:RGW_PRIMARY_PORT_NUMBER_2

    Example

    rgw_instances:
      - instance_name: 'rgw0'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: false
          rgw_zonesecondary: true
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: false
          rgw_zone: lyon
          rgw_zonegroup: idf
          rgw_realm: france
          rgw_zone_user: jacques.chirac
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "Jacques Chirac"
          system_access_key: P9Eb6S8XNyo4dtZZUUMy
          system_secret_key: qqHCUtfdNnpHq3PZRHW5un9l0bEBM812Uhow0XfB
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: 8080
          endpoint: http://rgw-primary:8080
      - instance_name: 'rgw1'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: false
          rgw_zonesecondary: true
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: false
          rgw_zone: lyon
          rgw_zonegroup: idf
          rgw_realm: france
          rgw_zone_user: jacques.chirac
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "Jacques Chirac"
          system_access_key: P9Eb6S8XNyo4dtZZUUMy
          system_secret_key: qqHCUtfdNnpHq3PZRHW5un9l0bEBM812Uhow0XfB
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: 8081
          endpoint: http://rgw-primary:8081

On both sites, run the following steps:

  1. Run the Ansible playbook on the primary storage cluster:

    • Bare-metal deployments:

      [user@ansible ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site.yml -i hosts
    • Container deployments:

      [user@ansible ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site-container.yml -i hosts
  2. Verify the secondary storage cluster can access the API on the primary storage cluster.

    From the Object Gateway nodes on the secondary storage cluster, use curl or another HTTP client to connect to the API on the primary cluster. Compose the URL using the information used to configure rgw_pull_proto, rgw_pullhost, and rgw_pull_port in all.yml. Following the example above, the URL is http://cluster0-rgw-000:8080. If you cannot access the API, verify the URL is right and update all.yml if required. Once the URL works and any network issues are resolved, continue with the next step to run the Ansible playbook on the secondary storage cluster.

  3. Run the Ansible playbook on the secondary storage cluster:

    Note

    If the cluster is deployed and you are making changes to the Ceph Object Gateway, then use the --limit rgws option.

    • Bare-metal deployments:

      [user@ansible ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site.yml -i hosts
    • Container deployments:

      [user@ansible ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site-container.yml -i hosts

      After running the Ansible playbook on the primary and secondary storage clusters, the Ceph Object Gateways run in an active-active state.

  4. Verify the multisite Ceph Object Gateway configuration on both the sites:

    Syntax

    radosgw-admin sync status

5.7.3. Configuring a multi-site Ceph Object Gateway with multiple realms and multiple instances

Ceph-ansible configures Ceph Object Gateways to mirror data in multiple realms across multiple storage clusters with multiple Ceph Object Gateway instances.

Warning

Ceph-ansible cannot reconfigure gateways to a multi-site setup after they have already been used in single site configurations. You can deploy this configuration manually. Contact Red hat Support for assistance.

Prerequisites

  • Two running Red Hat Ceph Storage clusters.
  • At least two Object Gateway nodes in each storage cluster.
  • On the Ceph Object Gateway nodes, perform the tasks listed in the Requirements for Installing Red Hat Ceph Storage section in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Installation Guide.
  • For each Object Gateway node, perform steps 1 - 6 in Installing the Ceph Object Gateway section in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Installation Guide.

Procedure

  1. On any node, generate the system access keys and secret keys for realm one and two, and save them in files named multi-site-keys-realm-1.txt and multi-site-keys-realm-2.txt, respectively:

    # echo system_access_key: $(cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 20 | head -n 1) > multi-site-keys-realm-1.txt
    [root@ansible ~]# echo system_secret_key: $(cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 40 | head -n 1) >> multi-site-keys-realm-1.txt
    
    # echo system_access_key: $(cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 20 | head -n 1) > multi-site-keys-realm-2.txt
    [root@ansible ~]# echo system_secret_key: $(cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 40 | head -n 1) >> multi-site-keys-realm-2.txt

Site-A storage cluster

  1. Navigate to the Ansible configuration directory:

    [root@ansible ~]# cd /usr/share/ceph-ansible
  2. Open and edit the group_vars/all.yml file. Uncomment the rgw_multisite line and set it to true. Uncomment the rgw_multisite_proto parameter.

    rgw_multisite: true
    rgw_multisite_proto: "http"
  3. Create a host_vars directory in /usr/share/ceph-ansible:

    [root@ansible ceph-ansible]# mkdir host_vars
  4. Create a file in host_vars for each of the Object Gateway nodes on the site-A storage cluster. The file name should be the same name as used in the Ansible inventory file. For example, if the Object Gateway node is named rgw-site-a, create the file host_vars/rgw-site-a.

    Syntax

    touch host_vars/NODE_NAME

    Example

    [root@ansible ceph-ansible]# touch host_vars/rgw-site-a

    Note

    If there are multiple Ceph Object Gateway nodes in the cluster used for the multi-site configuration, then create separate files for each of the nodes.

  5. For creating multiple instances for the first realm, edit the files and add the configuration details to all the instances on the respective Object Gateway nodes. Configure the following settings along with updating the items under rgw_instances for the first realm. Use the random strings saved in the multi-site-keys-realm-1.txt file for ACCESS_KEY_1 and SECRET_KEY_1.

    Syntax

    rgw_instances:
      - instance_name: '_INSTANCE_NAME_1_'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: true
          rgw_zonesecondary: false
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: true
          rgw_zone: ZONE_NAME_1
          rgw_zonegroup: ZONE_GROUP_NAME_1
          rgw_realm: REALM_NAME_1
          rgw_zone_user: ZONE_USER_NAME_1
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "ZONE_DISPLAY_NAME_1"
          system_access_key: ACCESS_KEY_1
          system_secret_key: SECRET_KEY_1
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: PORT_NUMBER_1
        - instance_name: '_INSTANCE_NAME_2_'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: true
          rgw_zonesecondary: false
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: true
          rgw_zone: ZONE_NAME_1
          rgw_zonegroup: ZONE_GROUP_NAME_1
          rgw_realm: REALM_NAME_1
          rgw_zone_user: ZONE_USER_NAME_1
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "ZONE_DISPLAY_NAME_1"
          system_access_key: ACCESS_KEY_1
          system_secret_key: SECRET_KEY_1
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: PORT_NUMBER_1

    Example

    rgw_instances:
      - instance_name: 'rgw0'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: true
          rgw_zonesecondary: false
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: true
          rgw_zone: paris
          rgw_zonegroup: idf
          rgw_realm: france
          rgw_zone_user: jacques.chirac
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "Jacques Chirac"
          system_access_key: P9Eb6S8XNyo4dtZZUUMy
          system_secret_key: qqHCUtfdNnpHq3PZRHW5un9l0bEBM812Uhow0XfB
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: 8080
     - instance_name: 'rgw1'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: true
          rgw_zonesecondary: false
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: true
          rgw_zone: paris
          rgw_zonegroup: idf
          rgw_realm: france
          rgw_zone_user: jacques.chirac
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "Jacques Chirac"
          system_access_key: P9Eb6S8XNyo4dtZZUUMy
          system_secret_key: qqHCUtfdNnpHq3PZRHW5un9l0bEBM812Uhow0XfB
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: 8080

    Note

    Skip next step and run it, followed by running Ansible playbook, after configuring all realms on site-B as site-A is secondary to those realms.

  6. For multiple instances for other realms, configure the following settings along with updating the items under rgw_instances. Use the random strings saved in the multi-site-keys-realm-2.txt file for ACCESS_KEY_2 and SECRET_KEY_2.

    Syntax

    rgw_instances:
      - instance_name: 'INSTANCE_NAME_1'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: false
          rgw_zonesecondary: true
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: false
          rgw_zone: ZONE_NAME_2
          rgw_zonegroup: ZONE_GROUP_NAME_2
          rgw_realm: REALM_NAME_2
          rgw_zone_user: ZONE_USER_NAME_2
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "ZONE_DISPLAY_NAME_2"
          system_access_key: ACCESS_KEY_2
          system_secret_key: SECRET_KEY_2
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: PORT_NUMBER_1
          endpoint: RGW_SITE_B_PRIMARY_HOSTNAME_ENDPOINT:RGW_SITE_B_PORT_NUMBER_1
      - instance_name: 'INSTANCE_NAME_2'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: false
          rgw_zonesecondary: true
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: false
          rgw_zone: ZONE_NAME_2
          rgw_zonegroup: ZONE_GROUP_NAME_2
          rgw_realm: REALM_NAME_2
          rgw_zone_user: ZONE_USER_NAME_2
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "ZONE_DISPLAY_NAME_2"
          system_access_key: ACCESS_KEY_2
          system_secret_key: SECRET_KEY_2
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: PORT_NUMBER_1
          endpoint: RGW_SITE_B_PRIMARY_HOSTNAME_ENDPOINT:RGW_SITE_B_PORT_NUMBER_1

    Example

    rgw_instances:
      - instance_name: 'rgw0'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: false
          rgw_zonesecondary: true
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: false
          rgw_zone: fairbanks
          rgw_zonegroup: alaska
          rgw_realm: usa
          rgw_zone_user: edward.lewis
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "Edward Lewis"
          system_access_key: yu17wkvAx3B8Wyn08XoF
          system_secret_key: 5YZfaSUPqxSNIkZQQA3lBZ495hnIV6k2HAz710BY
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: 8080
          endpoint: http://rgw-site-b:8081
      - instance_name: 'rgw1'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: false
          rgw_zonesecondary: true
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: false
          rgw_zone: fairbanks
          rgw_zonegroup: alaska
          rgw_realm: usa
          rgw_zone_user: edward.lewis
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "Edward Lewis"
          system_access_key: yu17wkvAx3B8Wyn08XoF
          system_secret_key: 5YZfaSUPqxSNIkZQQA3lBZ495hnIV6k2HAz710BY
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: 8081
          endpoint: http://rgw-site-b:8081

  7. Run the Ansible playbook on the site-A storage cluster:

    • Bare-metal deployments:

      [user@ansible ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site.yml -i hosts
    • Container deployments:

      [user@ansible ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site-container.yml -i hosts

Site-B Storage Cluster

  1. Navigate to the Ceph-ansible configuration directory:

    [root@ansible ~]# cd /usr/share/ceph-ansible
  2. Open and edit the group_vars/all.yml file. Uncomment the rgw_multisite line and set it to true. Uncomment the rgw_multisite_proto parameter.

    rgw_multisite: true
    rgw_multisite_proto: "http"
  3. Create a host_vars directory in /usr/share/ceph-ansible:

    [root@ansible ceph-ansible]# mkdir host_vars
  4. Create a file in host_vars for each of the Object Gateway nodes on the site-B storage cluster. The file name should be the same name as used in the Ansible inventory file. For example, if the Object Gateway node is named rgw-site-b, create the file host_vars/rgw-site-b.

    Syntax

    touch host_vars/NODE_NAME

    Example

    [root@ansible ceph-ansible]# touch host_vars/rgw-site-b

    Note

    If there are multiple Ceph Object Gateway nodes in the cluster used for the multi-site configuration, then create files for each of the nodes.

  5. For creating multiple instances for the first realm, edit the files and add the configuration details to all the instances on the respective Object Gateway nodes. Configure the following settings along with updating the items under rgw_instances for the first realm. Use the random strings saved in the multi-site-keys-realm-1.txt file for ACCESS_KEY_1 and SECRET_KEY_1. Set RGW_SITE_A_PRIMARY_HOSTNAME_ENDPOINT to the Object Gateway node in the site-A storage cluster.

    Syntax

    rgw_instances:
      - instance_name: 'INSTANCE_NAME_1'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: false
          rgw_zonesecondary: true
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: false
          rgw_zone: ZONE_NAME_1
          rgw_zonegroup: ZONE_GROUP_NAME_1
          rgw_realm: REALM_NAME_1
          rgw_zone_user: ZONE_USER_NAME_1
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "ZONE_DISPLAY_NAME_1"
          system_access_key: ACCESS_KEY_1
          system_secret_key: SECRET_KEY_1
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: PORT_NUMBER_1
          endpoint: RGW_SITE_A_HOSTNAME_ENDPOINT:RGW_SITE_A_PORT_NUMBER_1
      - instance_name: '_INSTANCE_NAME_2_'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: false
          rgw_zonesecondary: true
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: false
          rgw_zone: ZONE_NAME_1
          rgw_zonegroup: ZONE_GROUP_NAME_1
          rgw_realm: REALM_NAME_1
          rgw_zone_user: ZONE_USER_NAME_1
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "ZONE_DISPLAY_NAME_1"
          system_access_key: ACCESS_KEY_1
          system_secret_key: SECRET_KEY_1
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port:  PORT_NUMBER_1
          endpoint: RGW_SITE_A_PRIMARY_HOSTNAME_ENDPOINT:RGW_SITE_A_PORT_NUMBER_1

    Example

    rgw_instances:
      - instance_name: 'rgw0'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: false
          rgw_zonesecondary: true
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: false
          rgw_zone: paris
          rgw_zonegroup: idf
          rgw_realm: france
          rgw_zone_user: jacques.chirac
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "Jacques Chirac"
          system_access_key: P9Eb6S8XNyo4dtZZUUMy
          system_secret_key: qqHCUtfdNnpHq3PZRHW5un9l0bEBM812Uhow0XfB
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: 8080
          endpoint: http://rgw-site-a:8080
      - instance_name: 'rgw1'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: false
          rgw_zonesecondary: true
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: false
          rgw_zone: paris
          rgw_zonegroup: idf
          rgw_realm: france
          rgw_zone_user: jacques.chirac
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "Jacques Chirac"
          system_access_key: P9Eb6S8XNyo4dtZZUUMy
          system_secret_key: qqHCUtfdNnpHq3PZRHW5un9l0bEBM812Uhow0XfB
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: 8081
          endpoint: http://rgw-site-a:8081

  6. For multiple instances for the other realms, configure the following settings along with updating the items under rgw_instances. Use the random strings saved in the multi-site-keys-realm-2.txt file for ACCESS_KEY_2 and SECRET_KEY_2. Set RGW_SITE_A_PRIMARY_HOSTNAME_ENDPOINT to the Object Gateway node in the site-A storage cluster.

    Syntax

    rgw_instances:
      - instance_name: 'INSTANCE_NAME_1'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: true
          rgw_zonesecondary: false
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: true
          rgw_zone: ZONE_NAME_2
          rgw_zonegroup: ZONE_GROUP_NAME_2
          rgw_realm: REALM_NAME_2
          rgw_zone_user: ZONE_USER_NAME_2
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "ZONE_DISPLAY_NAME_2"
          system_access_key: ACCESS_KEY_2
          system_secret_key: SECRET_KEY_2
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: PORT_NUMBER_1
      - instance_name: '_INSTANCE_NAME_2_'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: true
          rgw_zonesecondary: false
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: true
          rgw_zone: ZONE_NAME_2
          rgw_zonegroup: ZONE_GROUP_NAME_2
          rgw_realm: REALM_NAME_2
          rgw_zone_user: ZONE_USER_NAME_2
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "ZONE_DISPLAY_NAME_2"
          system_access_key: ACCESS_KEY_2
          system_secret_key: SECRET_KEY_2
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: PORT_NUMBER_1

    Example

    rgw_instances:
      - instance_name: 'rgw0'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: true
          rgw_zonesecondary: false
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: true
          rgw_zone: fairbanks
          rgw_zonegroup: alaska
          rgw_realm: usa
          rgw_zone_user: edward.lewis
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "Edward Lewis"
          system_access_key: yu17wkvAx3B8Wyn08XoF
          system_secret_key: 5YZfaSUPqxSNIkZQQA3lBZ495hnIV6k2HAz710BY
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: 8080
      - instance_name: 'rgw1'
          rgw_multisite: true
          rgw_zonemaster: true
          rgw_zonesecondary: false
          rgw_zonegroupmaster: true
          rgw_zone: fairbanks
          rgw_zonegroup: alaska
          rgw_realm: usa
          rgw_zone_user: edward.lewis
          rgw_zone_user_display_name: "Edward Lewis"
          system_access_key: yu17wkvAx3B8Wyn08XoF
          system_secret_key: 5YZfaSUPqxSNIkZQQA3lBZ495hnIV6k2HAz710BY
          radosgw_address: "{{ _radosgw_address }}"
          radosgw_frontend_port: 8081

  7. Run the Ansible playbook on the site-B storage cluster:

    • Bare-metal deployments:

      [user@ansible ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site.yml -i hosts
    • Container deployments:

      [user@ansible ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site-container.yml -i hosts

      Run the Ansible playbook again on the site-A storage cluster for other realms of site-A.

      After running the Ansible playbook on the site-A and site-B storage clusters, the Ceph Object Gateways run in an active-active state.

Verification

  1. Verify the multisite Ceph Object Gateway configuration:

    1. From the Ceph Monitor and Object Gateway nodes at each site, site-A and site-B, use curl or another HTTP client to verify the APIs are accessible from the other site.
    2. Run the radosgw-admin sync status command on both sites.

      Syntax

      radosgw-admin sync status
      radosgw-admin sync status --rgw -realm REALM_NAME 1

      1
      Use this option for multiple realms on the respective nodes of the storage cluster.

      Example

      [user@ansible ceph-ansible]$ radosgw-admin sync status
      
      [user@ansible ceph-ansible]$ radosgw-admin sync status --rgw -realm usa

5.8. Deploying OSDs with different hardware on the same host

You can deploy mixed OSDs, for example, HDDs and SSDs, on the same host, with the device_class feature in Ansible.

Prerequisites

  • A valid customer subscription.
  • Root-level access to Ansible Administration node.
  • Enable Red Hat Ceph Storage Tools and Ansible repositories.
  • The ansible user account for use with the Ansible application.
  • OSDs are deployed.

Procedure

  1. Create crush_rules in the group_vars/mons.yml file:

    Example

    crush_rule_config: true
    crush_rule_hdd:
        name: HDD
        root: default
        type: host
        class: hdd
        default: true
    crush_rule_ssd:
        name: SSD
        root: default
        type: host
        class: ssd
        default: true
    crush_rules:
          - "{{ crush_rule_hdd }}"
          - "{{ crush_rule_ssd }}"
    create_crush_tree: true

    Note

    If you are not using SSD or HDD devices in the cluster, do not define the crush_rules for that device.

  2. Create pools, with created crush_rules in group_vars/clients.yml file.

    Example

    copy_admin_key: True
    user_config: True
    pool1:
      name: "pool1"
      pg_num: 128
      pgp_num: 128
      rule_name: "HDD"
      type: "replicated"
      device_class: "hdd"
    pools:
      - "{{ pool1 }}"

  3. Sample the inventory file to assign roots to OSDs:

    Example

    [mons]
    mon1
    
    [osds]
    osd1 osd_crush_location="{ 'root': 'default', 'rack': 'rack1', 'host': 'osd1' }"
    osd2 osd_crush_location="{ 'root': 'default', 'rack': 'rack1', 'host': 'osd2' }"
    osd3 osd_crush_location="{ 'root': 'default', 'rack': 'rack2', 'host': 'osd3' }"
    osd4 osd_crush_location="{ 'root': 'default', 'rack': 'rack2', 'host': 'osd4' }"
    osd5 devices="['/dev/sda', '/dev/sdb']" osd_crush_location="{ 'root': 'default', 'rack': 'rack3', 'host': 'osd5' }"
    osd6 devices="['/dev/sda', '/dev/sdb']" osd_crush_location="{ 'root': 'default', 'rack': 'rack3', 'host': 'osd6' }"
    
    [mgrs]
    mgr1
    
    [clients]
    client1

  4. View the tree.

    Syntax

    [root@mon ~]# ceph osd tree

    Example

    TYPE NAME
    
    root default
         rack rack1
            host osd1
                 osd.0
                 osd.10
            host osd2
                 osd.3
                 osd.7
                 osd.12
         rack rack2
            host osd3
                 osd.1
                 osd.6
                 osd.11
            host osd4
                 osd.4
                 osd.9
                 osd.13
         rack rack3
             host osd5
                 osd.2
                 osd.8
             host osd6
                 osd.14
                 osd.15

  5. Validate the pools.

    Example

    # for i in $(rados lspools);do echo "pool: $i"; ceph osd pool get $i crush_rule;done
    
    pool: pool1
    crush_rule: HDD

Additional Resources

5.9. Installing the NFS-Ganesha Gateway

The Ceph NFS Ganesha Gateway is an NFS interface built on top of the Ceph Object Gateway to provide applications with a POSIX filesystem interface to the Ceph Object Gateway for migrating files within filesystems to Ceph Object Storage.

Prerequisites

  • A running Ceph storage cluster, preferably in the active + clean state.
  • At least one node running a Ceph Object Gateway.
  • Disable any running kernel NFS service instances on any host that will run NFS-Ganesha before attempting to run NFS-Ganesha. NFS-Ganesha will not start if another NFS instance is running.

*Enable passwordless SSH access.

  • Ensure the rpcbind service is running:

    # systemctl start rpcbind
    Note

    The rpcbind package that provides rpcbind is usually installed by default. If that is not the case, install the package first.

  • If the nfs-service service is running, stop and disable it:

    # systemctl stop nfs-server.service
    # systemctl disable nfs-server.service

Procedure

Perform the following tasks on the Ansible administration node.

  1. Create the nfss.yml file from the sample file:

    [root@ansible ~]# cd /usr/share/ceph-ansible/group_vars
    [root@ansible ~]# cp nfss.yml.sample nfss.yml
  2. Add gateway hosts to the /etc/ansible/hosts file under an [nfss] group to identify their group membership to Ansible.

    [nfss]
    NFS_HOST_NAME_1
    NFS_HOST_NAME_2
    NFS_HOST_NAME[3..10]

    If the hosts have sequential naming, then you can use a range specifier, for example: [3..10].

  3. Navigate to the Ansible configuration directory:

    [root@ansible ~]# cd /usr/share/ceph-ansible
  4. To copy the administrator key to the Ceph Object Gateway node, uncomment the copy_admin_key setting in the /usr/share/ceph-ansible/group_vars/nfss.yml file:

    copy_admin_key: true
  5. Configure the FSAL (File System Abstraction Layer) sections of the /usr/share/ceph-ansible/group_vars/nfss.yml file. Provide an export ID (NUMERIC_EXPORT_ID), S3 user ID (S3_USER), S3 access key (ACCESS_KEY) and secret key (SECRET_KEY):

    # FSAL RGW Config #
    
    ceph_nfs_rgw_export_id: NUMERIC_EXPORT_ID
    #ceph_nfs_rgw_pseudo_path: "/"
    #ceph_nfs_rgw_protocols: "3,4"
    #ceph_nfs_rgw_access_type: "RW"
    ceph_nfs_rgw_user: "S3_USER"
    ceph_nfs_rgw_access_key: "ACCESS_KEY"
    ceph_nfs_rgw_secret_key: "SECRET_KEY"
    Warning

    Access and secret keys are optional, and can be generated.

  6. Run the Ansible playbook:

    1. Bare-metal deployments:

      [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site.yml --limit nfss -i hosts
    2. Container deployments:

      [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site-container.yml --limit nfss -i hosts

5.10. Understanding the limit option

This section contains information about the Ansible --limit option.

Ansible supports the --limit option that enables you to use the site and site-container Ansible playbooks for a particular role of the inventory file.

ansible-playbook site.yml|site-container.yml --limit osds|rgws|clients|mdss|nfss|iscsigws -i hosts

Bare-metal

For example, to redeploy only OSDs on bare-metal, run the following command as the Ansible user:

[ansible@ansible ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site.yml --limit osds -i hosts

Containers

For example, to redeploy only OSDs on containers, run the following command as the Ansible user:

[ansible@ansible ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site-container.yml --limit osds -i hosts

5.11. The placement group autoscaler

Placement group (PG) tuning use to be a manual process of plugging in numbers for pg_num by using the PG calculator. Starting with Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.1, PG tuning can be done automatically by enabling the pg_autoscaler Ceph manager module. The PG autoscaler is configured on a per-pool basis, and scales the pg_num by a power of two. The PG autoscaler only proposes a change to pg_num, if the suggested value is more than three times the actual value.

The PG autoscaler has three modes:

warn
The default mode for new and existing pools. A health warning is generated if the suggested pg_num value varies too much from the current pg_num value.
on
The pool’s pg_num is adjusted automatically.
off
The autoscaler can be turned off for any pool, but storage administrators will need to manually set the pg_num value for the pool.

Once the PG autoscaler in enabled for a pool, you can view the value adjustments by running the ceph osd pool autoscale-status command. The autoscale-status command displays the current state of the pools. Here are the autoscale-status column descriptions:

SIZE
Reports the total amount of data, in bytes, that are stored in the pool. This size includes object data and OMAP data.
TARGET SIZE
Reports the expected size of the pool as provided by the storage administrator. This value is used to calculate the pool’s ideal number of PGs.
RATE
The replication factor for replicated buckets or the ratio for erasure-coded pools.
RAW CAPACITY
The raw storage capacity of a storage device that a pool is mapped to based on CRUSH.
RATIO
The ratio of total storage being consumed by the pool.
TARGET RATIO
A ratio specifying what fraction of the total storage cluster’s space is consumed by the pool as provided by the storage administrator.
PG_NUM
The current number of placement groups for the pool.
NEW PG_NUM
The proposed value. This value might not be set.
AUTOSCALE
The PG autoscaler mode set for the pool.

Additional Resources

5.11.1. Configuring the placement group autoscaler

You can configure Ceph Ansible to enable and configure the PG autoscaler for new pools in the Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster. By default, the placement group (PG) autoscaler is off.

Important

Currently, you can only configure the placement group autoscaler on new Red Hat Ceph Storage deployments, and not existing Red Hat Ceph Storage installations.

Prerequisites

  • Access to the Ansible administration node.
  • Access to a Ceph Monitor node.

Procedure

  1. On the Ansible administration node, open the group_vars/all.yml file for editing.
  2. Set the pg_autoscale_mode option to True, and set the target_size_ratio value for a new or existing pool:

    Example

    openstack_pools:
        - {"name": backups, "target_size_ratio": 0.1, "pg_autoscale_mode": True, "application": rbd}
        - {"name": volumes, "target_size_ratio": 0.5, "pg_autoscale_mode": True, "application": rbd}
        - {"name": vms,     "target_size_ratio": 0.2, "pg_autoscale_mode": True, "application": rbd}
        - {"name": images,  "target_size_ratio": 0.2, "pg_autoscale_mode": True, "application": rbd}

    Note

    The target_size_ratio value is the weight percentage relative to other pools in the storage cluster.

  3. Save the changes to the group_vars/all.yml file.
  4. Run the appropriate Ansible playbook:

    Bare-metal deployments

    [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site.yml -i hosts

    Containers deployments

    [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook site-container.yml -i hosts

  5. Once the Ansible playbook finishes, check the autoscaler status from a Ceph Monitor node:

    [user@mon ~]$ ceph osd pool autoscale-status

5.12. Additional Resources

Chapter 6. Colocation of containerized Ceph daemons

This section describes:

6.1. How colocation works and its advantages

You can colocate containerized Ceph daemons on the same node. Here are the advantages of colocating some of Ceph’s services:

  • Significant improvement in total cost of ownership (TCO) at small scale.
  • Reduction from six nodes to three for the minimum configuration.
  • Easier upgrade.
  • Better resource isolation.

See the Knowledgebase article Red Hat Ceph Storage: Supported Configurations for more information on collocation of daemons in the Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.

How Colocation Works

You can colocate one daemon from the following list with an OSD daemon (ceph-osd) by adding the same node to the appropriate sections in the Ansible inventory file.

  • Ceph Metadata Server (ceph-mds)
  • Ceph Monitor (ceph-mon) and Ceph Manager (ceph-mgr) daemons
  • NFS Ganesha (nfs-ganesha)
  • RBD Mirror (rbd-mirror)
  • iSCSI Gateway (iscsigw)

Starting with Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.2, Metadata Server (MDS) can be co-located with one additional scale-out daemon.

Additionally, for Ceph Object Gateway (radosgw) or Grafana, you can colocate either with an OSD daemon plus a daemon from the above list, excluding RBD mirror.z For example, the following is a valid five node colocated configuration:

NodeDaemonDaemonDaemon

node1

OSD

Monitor

Grafana

node2

OSD

Monitor

RADOS Gateway

node3

OSD

Monitor

RADOS Gateway

node4

OSD

Metadata Server

 

node5

OSD

Metadata Server

 

To deploy a five node cluster like the above setup, configure the Ansible inventory file like so:

Ansible inventory file with colocated daemons

[grafana-server]
node1

[mons]
node[1:3]

[mgrs]
node[1:3]

[osds]
node[1:5]

[rgws]
node[2:3]

[mdss]
node[4:5]

Note

Because ceph-mon and ceph-mgr work together closely they do not count as two separate daemons for the purposes of colocation.

Note

Colocating Grafana with any other daemon is not supported with Cockpit based installation. Use ceph-ansible to configure the storage cluster.

Note

Red Hat recommends colocating the Ceph Object Gateway with OSD containers to increase performance. To achieve the highest performance without incurring an additional cost, use two gateways by setting radosgw_num_instances: 2 in group_vars/all.yml. For more information, see Red Hat Ceph Storage RGW deployment strategies and sizing guidance.

Note

Adequate CPU and network resources are required to colocate Grafana with two other containers. If resource exhaustion occurs, colocate Grafana with a Monitor only, and if resource exhaustion still occurs, run Grafana on a dedicated node.

The Figure 6.1, “Colocated Daemons” and Figure 6.2, “Non-colocated Daemons” images shows the difference between clusters with colocated and non-colocated daemons.

Figure 6.1. Colocated Daemons

containers colocated daemons updated cardinality 2

Figure 6.2. Non-colocated Daemons

containers non colocated daemons updated

When you colocate multiple containerized Ceph daemons on the same node, the ceph-ansible playbook reserves dedicated CPU and RAM resources to each. By default, ceph-ansible uses values listed in the Recommended Minimum Hardware chapter in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Hardware Guide. To learn how to change the default values, see the Setting Dedicated Resources for Colocated Daemons section.

6.2. Setting Dedicated Resources for Colocated Daemons

When colocating two Ceph daemon on the same node, the ceph-ansible playbook reserves CPU and RAM resources for each daemon. The default values that ceph-ansible uses are listed in the Recommended Minimum Hardware chapter in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Hardware Selection Guide. To change the default values, set the needed parameters when deploying Ceph daemons.

Procedure

  1. To change the default CPU limit for a daemon, set the ceph_daemon-type_docker_cpu_limit parameter in the appropriate .yml configuration file when deploying the daemon. See the following table for details.

    DaemonParameterConfiguration file

    OSD

    ceph_osd_docker_cpu_limit

    osds.yml

    MDS

    ceph_mds_docker_cpu_limit

    mdss.yml

    RGW

    ceph_rgw_docker_cpu_limit

    rgws.yml

    For example, to change the default CPU limit to 2 for the Ceph Object Gateway, edit the /usr/share/ceph-ansible/group_vars/rgws.yml file as follows:

    ceph_rgw_docker_cpu_limit: 2
  2. To change the default RAM for OSD daemons, set the osd_memory_target in the /usr/share/ceph-ansible/group_vars/all.yml file when deploying the daemon. For example, to limit the OSD RAM to 6 GB:

    ceph_conf_overrides:
      osd:
        osd_memory_target=6000000000
    Important

    In an hyperconverged infrastructure (HCI) configuration, you can also use the ceph_osd_docker_memory_limit parameter in the osds.yml configuration file to change the Docker memory CGroup limit. In this case, set ceph_osd_docker_memory_limit to 50% higher than osd_memory_target, so that the CGroup limit is more constraining than it is by default for an HCI configuration. For example, if osd_memory_target is set to 6 GB, set ceph_osd_docker_memory_limit to 9 GB:

    ceph_osd_docker_memory_limit: 9g

Additional Resources

  • The sample configuration files in the /usr/share/ceph-ansible/group_vars/ directory

6.3. Additional Resources

Chapter 7. Upgrading a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster

As a storage administrator, you can upgrade a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster to a new major version or to a new minor version or to just apply asynchronous updates to the current version. The rolling_update.yml Ansible playbook performs upgrades for bare-metal or containerized deployments of Red Hat Ceph Storage. Ansible upgrades the Ceph nodes in the following order:

  • Monitor nodes
  • MGR nodes
  • OSD nodes
  • MDS nodes
  • Ceph Object Gateway nodes
  • All other Ceph client nodes
Note

Starting with Red Hat Ceph Storage 3.1, new Ansible playbooks were added to optimize storage for performance when using Object Gateway and high speed NVMe based SSDs (and SATA SSDs). The playbooks do this by placing journals and bucket indexes together on SSDs; this increases performance compared to having all journals on one device. These playbooks are designed to be used when installing Ceph. Existing OSDs continue to work and need no extra steps during an upgrade. There is no way to upgrade a Ceph cluster while simultaneously reconfiguring OSDs to optimize storage in this way. To use different devices for journals or bucket indexes requires reprovisioning OSDs. For more information see Using NVMe with LVM optimally in Ceph Object Gateway for Production Guide.

Important

When upgrading a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster from a previous supported version to version 4.2z2, the upgrade completes with the storage cluster in a HEALTH_WARN state stating that monitors are allowing insecure global_id reclaim. This is due to a patched CVE, the details of which are available in the CVE-2021-20288. This issue is fixed by CVE for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.2z2.

Recommendations to mute health warnings:

  1. Identify clients that are not updated by checking the ceph health detail output for the AUTH_INSECURE_GLOBAL_ID_RECLAIM alert.
  2. Upgrade all clients to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.2z2 release.
  3. After validating all clients have been updated and the AUTH_INSECURE_GLOBAL_ID_RECLAIM alert is no longer present for a client, set auth_allow_insecure_global_id_reclaim to false. When this option is set to false, then an unpatched client cannot reconnect to the storage cluster after an intermittent network disruption breaking its connection to a monitor, or be able to renew its authentication ticket when it times out, which is 72 hours by default.

    Syntax

    ceph config set mon auth_allow_insecure_global_id_reclaim false

  4. Ensure that no clients are listed with the AUTH_INSECURE_GLOBAL_ID_RECLAIM alert.
Important

The rolling_update.yml playbook includes the serial variable that adjusts the number of nodes to be updated simultaneously. Red Hat strongly recommends to use the default value (1), which ensures that Ansible will upgrade cluster nodes one by one.

Important

If the upgrade fails at any point, check the cluster status with the ceph status command to understand the upgrade failure reason. If you are not sure of the failure reason and how to resolve , please contact Red hat Support for assistance.

Warning

If upgrading a multisite setup from Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, heed the following recommendations or else replication may break. Set rgw_multisite: false in all.yml before running rolling_update.yml. Do not re-enable rgw_multisite after upgrade. Use it only if you need to add new gateways after upgrade. Only upgrade a Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 cluster at version 3.3z5 or higher to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4. If you cannot update to 3.3z5 or a higher, disable synchronization between sites before upgrading the clusters. To disable synchronization, set rgw_run_sync_thread = false and restart the RADOS Gateway daemon. Upgrade the primary cluster first. Upgrade to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.1 or later. To see the package versions that correlate to 3.3z5 see What are the Red Hat Ceph Storage releases and corresponding Ceph package versions? For instructions on how to disable synchronization, see How to disable RGW Multisite sync temporarily?

Warning

When using Ceph Object Gateway and upgrading from Red Hat Ceph Storage 3.x to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.x, the front end is automatically changed from CivetWeb to Beast, which is the new default. For more information, see Configuration in the Object Gateway Configuration and Administration Guide.

Warning

If using RADOS Gateway, Ansible will switch the front end from CivetWeb to Beast. In the process of this the RGW instance names are changed from rgw.HOSTNAME to rgw.HOSTNAME.rgw0. Due to the name change Ansible does not update the existing RGW configuration in ceph.conf and instead appends a default configuration, leaving intact the old CivetWeb based RGW setup, however it is not used. Custom RGW configuration changes would then be lost, which could cause an RGW service interruption. To avoid this, before upgrade, add the existing RGW configuration in the ceph_conf_overrides section of all.yml, but change the RGW instance names by appending .rgw0, then restart the RGW service. This will preserve non-default RGW configuration changes after upgrade. For information on ceph_conf_overrides, see Overriding Ceph Default Settings.

7.1. Supported Red Hat Ceph Storage upgrade scenarios

Red Hat supports the following upgrade scenarios.

Read the tables for bare-metal, and containerized to understand what pre-upgrade state your cluster must be in to move to certain post-upgrade states.

Use ceph-ansible to perform bare-metal and containerized upgrades where the bare-metal or host operating system does not change major versions. Upgrading from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 is not supported with ceph-ansible. To upgrade the bare-metal operating system from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.9 to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 as a part of upgrading Red Hat Ceph Storage, see the Manually upgrading a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster and operating system section in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Installation Guide.

Note

To upgrade your cluster to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, Red Hat recommends your cluster to be on the latest version of the Red Hat Ceph Storage 3. To know the latest version of Red Hat Ceph Storage, see the What are the Red Hat Ceph Storage releases? Knowledgebase article for more information.

Table 7.1. Supported upgrade scenarios for Bare-metal deployments
Pre-upgrade statePost-upgrade state

Red Hat Enterprise Linux version

Red Hat Ceph Storage version

Red Hat Enterprise Linux version

Red Hat Ceph Storage version

7.6

3.3

7.9

4.2

7.6

3.3

8.4

4.2

7.7

3.3

7.9

4.2

7.7

4.0

7.9

4.2

7.8

3.3

7.9

4.2

7.8

3.3

8.4

4.2

7.9

3.3

8.4

4.2

8.1

4.0

8.4

4.2

8.2

4.1

8.4

4.2

8.2

4.1

8.4

4.2

8.3

4.1

8.4

4.2

Table 7.2. Supported upgrade scenarios for Containerized deployments
Pre-upgrade statePost-upgrade state

Host Red Hat Enterprise Linux version

Container Red Hat Enterprise Linux version

Red Hat Ceph Storage version

Host Red Hat Enterprise Linux version

Container Red Hat Enterprise Linux version

Red Hat Ceph Storage version

7.6

7.8

3.3

7.9

8.4

4.2

7.7

7.8

3.3

7.9

8.4

4.2

7.7

8.1

4.0

7.9

8.4

4.2

7.8

7.8

3.3

7.9

8.4

4.2

8.1

8.1

4.0

8.4

8.4

4.2

8.2

8.2

4.1

8.4

8.4

4.2

8.3

8.3

4.1

8.4

8.4

4.2

7.2. Preparing for an upgrade

There are a few things to complete before you can start an upgrade of a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster. These steps apply to both bare-metal and container deployments of a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster, unless specified for one or the other.

Important

You can only upgrade to the latest version of Red Hat Ceph Storage 4. For example, if version 4.1 is available, you cannot upgrade from 3 to 4.0; you must go directly to 4.1.

Important

If using the FileStore object store, after upgrading from Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, you must migrate to BlueStore.

Important

You cannot use ceph-ansible to upgrade Red Hat Ceph Storage while also upgrading Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. You must stay on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. To upgrade the operating system as well, see Manually upgrading a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster and operating system.

Important

The option bluefs_buffered_io is set to True by default for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.2z2 and later versions. This option enables BlueFS to perform buffered reads in some cases and enables the kernel page cache to act as a secondary cache for reads like RocksDB block reads. For example, if the RocksDB block cache is not large enough to hold all blocks during the OMAP iteration, it may be possible to read them from the page cache instead of the disk. This can dramatically improve performance when osd_memory_target is too small to hold all entries in the block cache. Currently enabling bluefs_buffered_io and disabling the system level swap prevents performance degradation.

Prerequisites

  • Root-level access to all nodes in the storage cluster.
  • The system clocks on all nodes in the storage cluster are synchronized. If the Monitor nodes are out of sync, the upgrade process might not complete properly.
  • If upgrading from version 3, the version 3 cluster is upgraded to the latest version of Red Hat Ceph Storage 3.
  • Before upgrading to version 4, if the Prometheus node exporter service is running, then stop the service:

    Example

    [root@mon ~]# systemctl stop prometheus-node-exporter.service

    Important

    This is a known issue, that will be fixed in an upcoming Red Hat Ceph Storage release. See the Red Hat Knowledgebase article for more details regarding this issue.

    Note

    For Bare-metal or Container Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster nodes that cannot access the internet during an upgrade, follow the procedure provided in the section Registering Red Hat Ceph Storage nodes to the CDN and attaching subscriptions in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Installation Guide.

Procedure

  1. Log in as the root user on all nodes in the storage cluster.
  2. If the Ceph nodes are not connected to the Red Hat Content Delivery Network (CDN), you can use an ISO image to upgrade Red Hat Ceph Storage by updating the local repository with the latest version of Red Hat Ceph Storage.
  3. If upgrading Red Hat Ceph Storage from version 3 to version 4, remove an existing Ceph dashboard installation.

    1. On the Ansible administration node, change to the cephmetrics-ansible directory:

      [root@admin ~]# cd /usr/share/cephmetrics-ansible
    2. Run the purge.yml playbook to remove an existing Ceph dashboard installation:

      [root@admin cephmetrics-ansible]# ansible-playbook -v purge.yml
  4. If upgrading Red Hat Ceph Storage from version 3 to version 4, enable the Ceph and Ansible repositories on the Ansible administration node:

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

    [root@admin ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-4-tools-rpms --enable=rhel-7-server-ansible-2.9-rpms

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

    [root@admin ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-4-tools-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms --enable=ansible-2.9-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms

  5. On the Ansible administration node, ensure the latest versions of the ansible and ceph-ansible packages are installed.

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

    [root@admin ~]# yum update ansible ceph-ansible

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

    [root@admin ~]# dnf update ansible ceph-ansible

  6. Edit the infrastructure-playbooks/rolling_update.yml playbook and change the health_osd_check_retries and health_osd_check_delay values to 50 and 30 respectively:

    health_osd_check_retries: 50
    health_osd_check_delay: 30

    For each OSD node, these values cause Ansible to wait for up to 25 minutes, and will check the storage cluster health every 30 seconds, waiting before continuing the upgrade process.

    Note

    Adjust the health_osd_check_retries option value up or down based on the used storage capacity of the storage cluster. For example, if you are using 218 TB out of 436 TB, basically using 50% of the storage capacity, then set the health_osd_check_retries option to 50.

  7. If the storage cluster you want to upgrade contains Ceph Block Device images that use the exclusive-lock feature, ensure that all Ceph Block Device users have permissions to blacklist clients:

    ceph auth caps client.ID mon 'allow r, allow command "osd blacklist"' osd 'EXISTING_OSD_USER_CAPS'
  8. If the storage cluster was originally installed using Cockpit, create a symbolic link in the /usr/share/ceph-ansible directory to the inventory file where Cockpit created it, at /usr/share/ansible-runner-service/inventory/hosts:

    1. Change to the /usr/share/ceph-ansible directory:

      # cd /usr/share/ceph-ansible
    2. Create the symbolic link:

      # ln -s /usr/share/ansible-runner-service/inventory/hosts hosts
  9. To upgrade the cluster using ceph-ansible, create the symbolic link in the etc/ansible/hosts directory to the hosts inventory file:

    # ln -s /etc/ansible/hosts hosts
  10. If the storage cluster was originally installed using Cockpit, copy the Cockpit generated SSH keys to the Ansible user’s ~/.ssh directory:

    1. Copy the keys:

      # cp /usr/share/ansible-runner-service/env/ssh_key.pub /home/ANSIBLE_USERNAME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
      # cp /usr/share/ansible-runner-service/env/ssh_key /home/ANSIBLE_USERNAME/.ssh/id_rsa

      Replace ANSIBLE_USERNAME with the username for Ansible, usually admin.

      Example

      # cp /usr/share/ansible-runner-service/env/ssh_key.pub /home/admin/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
      # cp /usr/share/ansible-runner-service/env/ssh_key /home/admin/.ssh/id_rsa

    2. Set the appropriate owner, group, and permissions on the key files:

      # chown ANSIBLE_USERNAME:_ANSIBLE_USERNAME_ /home/ANSIBLE_USERNAME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
      # chown ANSIBLE_USERNAME:_ANSIBLE_USERNAME_ /home/ANSIBLE_USERNAME/.ssh/id_rsa
      # chmod 644 /home/ANSIBLE_USERNAME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
      # chmod 600 /home/ANSIBLE_USERNAME/.ssh/id_rsa

      Replace ANSIBLE_USERNAME with the username for Ansible, usually admin.

      Example

      # chown admin:admin /home/admin/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
      # chown admin:admin /home/admin/.ssh/id_rsa
      # chmod 644 /home/admin/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
      # chmod 600 /home/admin/.ssh/id_rsa

Additional Resources

7.3. Upgrading the storage cluster using Ansible

Using the Ansible deployment tool, you can upgrade a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster by doing a rolling upgrade. These steps apply to both bare-metal and container deployment, unless otherwise noted.

Prerequisites

  • Root-level access to the Ansible administration node.
  • An ansible user account.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the /usr/share/ceph-ansible/ directory:

    Example

    [root@admin ~]# cd /usr/share/ceph-ansible/

  2. If upgrading from Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, make backup copies of the group_vars/all.yml, group_vars/osds.yml, and group_vars/clients.yml files:

    [root@admin ceph-ansible]# cp group_vars/all.yml group_vars/all_old.yml
    [root@admin ceph-ansible]# cp group_vars/osds.yml group_vars/osds_old.yml
    [root@admin ceph-ansible]# cp group_vars/clients.yml group_vars/clients_old.yml
  3. If upgrading from Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, create new copies of the group_vars/all.yml.sample, group_vars/osds.yml.sample and group_vars/clients.yml.sample files, and rename them to group_vars/all.yml, group_vars/osds.yml, and group_vars/clients.yml respectively. Open and edit them accordingly, basing the changes on your previously backed up copies.

    [root@admin ceph-ansible]# cp group_vars/all.yml.sample group_vars/all.yml
    [root@admin ceph-ansible]# cp group_vars/osds.yml.sample group_vars/osds.yml
    [root@admin ceph-ansible]# cp group_vars/clients.yml.sample group_vars/clients.yml
  4. Edit the group_vars/osds.yml file. Add and set the following options:

    nb_retry_wait_osd_up: 60
    delay_wait_osd_up: 10
    Note

    These are the default values; you can modify the values as per your use case.

  5. If upgrading to a new minor version of Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, verify the value for grafana_container_image in group_vars/all.yml is the same as in group_vars/all.yml.sample. If it is not the same, edit it so it is.

    Example

    grafana_container_image: registry.redhat.io/rhceph/rhceph-4-dashboard-rhel8:4

    Note

    The image path shown is included in ceph-ansible version 4.0.23-1.

  6. Copy the latest site.yml or site-container.yml file from the sample files:

    1. For bare-metal deployments:

      [root@admin ceph-ansible]# cp site.yml.sample site.yml
    2. For container deployments:

      [root@admin ceph-ansible]# cp site-container.yml.sample site-container.yml
  7. Open the group_vars/all.yml file and edit the following options.

    1. Add the fetch_directory option:

      fetch_directory: FULL_DIRECTORY_PATH
      Replace
      • FULL_DIRECTORY_PATH with a writable location, such as the Ansible user’s home directory.
    2. If the cluster you want to upgrade contains any Ceph Object Gateway nodes, add the radosgw_interface option:

      radosgw_interface: INTERFACE
      Replace
      • INTERFACE with the interface that the Ceph Object Gateway nodes listen to.
    3. If your current setup has SSL certificates configured, you need to edit the following:

      radosgw_frontend_ssl_certificate: /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/CERTIFICATE_NAME
      radosgw_frontend_port: 443
    4. The default OSD object store is BlueStore. To keep the traditional OSD object store, you must explicitly set the osd_objectstore option to filestore:

      osd_objectstore: filestore
      Note

      With the osd_objectstore option set to filestore, replacing an OSD will use FileStore, instead of BlueStore.

      Important

      Starting with Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, FileStore is a deprecated feature. Red Hat recommends migrating the FileStore OSDs to BlueStore OSDs.

    5. Starting with Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.1, you must uncomment or set dashboard_admin_password and grafana_admin_password in /usr/share/ceph-ansible/group_vars/all.yml. Set secure passwords for each. Also set custom user names for dashboard_admin_user and grafana_admin_user.
    6. For both bare-metal and containers deployments:

      1. Uncomment the upgrade_ceph_packages option and set it to True:

        upgrade_ceph_packages: True
      2. Set the ceph_rhcs_version option to 4:

        ceph_rhcs_version: 4
        Note

        Setting the ceph_rhcs_version option to 4 will pull in the latest version of Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.

      3. Add the ceph_docker_registry information to all.yml:

        Syntax

        ceph_docker_registry: registry.redhat.io
        ceph_docker_registry_username: SERVICE_ACCOUNT_USER_NAME
        ceph_docker_registry_password: TOKEN

        Note

        If you do not have a Red Hat Registry Service Account, create one using the Registry Service Account webpage. See the Red Hat Container Registry Authentication Knowledgebase article for more details.

        Note

        In addition to using a Service Account for the ceph_docker_registry_username and ceph_docker_registry_password parameters, you can also use your Customer Portal credentials, but to ensure security, encrypt the ceph_docker_registry_password parameter. For more information, see Encrypting Ansible password variables with ansible-vault.

    7. For containers deployments:

      1. Change the ceph_docker_image option to point to the Ceph 4 container version:

        ceph_docker_image: rhceph/rhceph-4-rhel8
      2. Change the ceph_docker_image_tag option to point to the latest version of rhceph/rhceph-4-rhel8:

        ceph_docker_image_tag: latest
  8. If upgrading from Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, open the Ansible inventory file for editing, /etc/ansible/hosts by default, and add the Ceph dashboard node name or IP address under the [grafana-server] section. If this section does not exist, then also add this section along with the node name or IP address.
  9. Switch to or log in as the Ansible user, then run the rolling_update.yml playbook:

    [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook infrastructure-playbooks/rolling_update.yml -i hosts
    Important

    Using the --limit Ansible option with the rolling_update.yml playbook is not supported.

  10. As the root user on the RBD mirroring daemon node, upgrade the rbd-mirror package manually:

    [root@rbd ~]# yum upgrade rbd-mirror
  11. Restart the rbd-mirror daemon:

    systemctl restart ceph-rbd-mirror@CLIENT_ID
  12. Verify the health status of the storage cluster.

    1. For bare-metal deployments, log into a monitor node as the root user and run the Ceph status command:

      [root@mon ~]# ceph -s
    2. For container deployments, log into a Ceph Monitor node as the root user.

      1. List all running containers:

        Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

        [root@mon ~]# docker ps

        Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

        [root@mon ~]# podman ps

      2. Check health status:

        Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

        [root@mon ~]# docker exec ceph-mon-MONITOR_NAME ceph -s

        Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

        [root@mon ~]# podman exec ceph-mon-MONITOR_NAME ceph -s

        Replace
        • MONITOR_NAME with the name of the Ceph Monitor container found in the previous step.

          Example

          [root@mon ~]# podman exec ceph-mon-mon01 ceph -s

  13. Optional: If upgrading from Red Hat Ceph Storage 3.x to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.x, you might see this health warning: Legacy BlueStore stats reporting detected on 336 OSD(s). This is caused by newer code calculating pool stats differently. You can resolve this by setting the bluestore_fsck_quick_fix_on_mount parameter.

    1. Set bluestore_fsck_quick_fix_on_mount to true:

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# ceph config set osd bluestore_fsck_quick_fix_on_mount true

    2. Set the noout and norebalance flags to prevent data movement while OSDs are down:

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# ceph osd set noout
      [root@mon ~]# ceph osd set norebalance

    3. For bare-metal deployment, restart ceph-osd.target on every OSD node of the storage cluster:

      Example

      [root@osd ~]# systemctl restart ceph-osd.target

    4. For containerized deployment, restart the individual OSDs one after the other and wait for all the placement groups to be in active+clean state.

      Syntax

      systemctl restart ceph-osd@OSD_ID.service

      Example

      [root@osd ~]# systemctl restart ceph-osd@0.service

    5. When all the OSDs are repaired, unset the nout and norebalance flags:

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# ceph osd unset noout
      [root@mon ~]# ceph osd unset norebalance

    6. Set the bluestore_fsck_quick_fix_on_mount to false once all the OSDs are repaired:

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# ceph config set osd bluestore_fsck_quick_fix_on_mount false

    7. Optional: An alternate method for bare-metal deployment is to stop the OSD service, run the repair function on the OSD using the ceph-bluestore-tool command, and then start the OSD service:

      1. Stop the OSD service:

        [root@osd ~]# systemctl stop ceph-osd.target
      2. Run the repair function on the OSD, specifying its actual OSD ID:

        Syntax

        ceph-bluestore-tool --path /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-OSDID repair

        Example

        [root@osd ~]# ceph-bluestore-tool --path /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-2 repair

      3. Start the OSD service:

        [root@osd ~]# systemctl start ceph-osd.target
  14. Once the upgrade finishes, you can migrate the FileStore OSDs to BlueStore OSDs, by running the Ansible playbook:

    Syntax

    ansible-playbook infrastructure-playbooks/filestore-to-bluestore.yml --limit OSD_NODE_TO_MIGRATE

    Example

    [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook infrastructure-playbooks/filestore-to-bluestore.yml --limit osd01

    Once the migration completes do the following sub steps.

    1. Open for editing the group_vars/osds.yml file, and set the osd_objectstore option to bluestore, for example:

      osd_objectstore: bluestore
    2. If you are using the lvm_volumes variable, then change the journal and journal_vg options to db and db_vg respectively, for example:

      Before

      lvm_volumes:
        - data: /dev/sdb
          journal: /dev/sdc1
        - data: /dev/sdd
          journal: journal1
          journal_vg: journals

      After converting to Bluestore

      lvm_volumes:
        - data: /dev/sdb
          db: /dev/sdc1
        - data: /dev/sdd
          db: journal1
          db_vg: journals

  15. If working in an OpenStack environment, update all the cephx users to use the RBD profile for pools. The following commands must be run as the root user:

    1. Glance users:

      Syntax

      ceph auth caps client.glance mon 'profile rbd' osd 'profile rbd pool=GLANCE_POOL_NAME'

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# ceph auth caps client.glance mon 'profile rbd' osd 'profile rbd pool=images'

    2. Cinder users:

      Syntax

      ceph auth caps client.cinder mon 'profile rbd' osd 'profile rbd pool=CINDER_VOLUME_POOL_NAME, profile rbd pool=NOVA_POOL_NAME, profile rbd-read-only pool=GLANCE_POOL_NAME'

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# ceph auth caps client.cinder mon 'profile rbd' osd 'profile rbd pool=volumes, profile rbd pool=vms, profile rbd-read-only pool=images'

    3. OpenStack general users:

      Syntax

      ceph auth caps client.openstack mon 'profile rbd' osd 'profile rbd-read-only pool=CINDER_VOLUME_POOL_NAME, profile rbd pool=NOVA_POOL_NAME, profile rbd-read-only pool=GLANCE_POOL_NAME'

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# ceph auth caps client.openstack mon 'profile rbd' osd 'profile rbd-read-only pool=volumes, profile rbd pool=vms, profile rbd-read-only pool=images'

      Important

      Do these CAPS updates before performing any live client migrations. This allows clients to use the new libraries running in memory, causing the old CAPS settings to drop from cache and applying the new RBD profile settings.

  16. Optional: On client nodes, restart any applications that depend on the Ceph client-side libraries.

    Note

    If you are upgrading OpenStack Nova compute nodes that have running QEMU or KVM instances or use a dedicated QEMU or KVM client, stop and start the QEMU or KVM instance because restarting the instance does not work in this case.

Additional Resources

7.4. Upgrading the storage cluster using the command-line interface

You can upgrade from Red Hat Ceph Storage 3.3 to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 while the storage cluster is running. An important difference between these versions is that Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 uses the msgr2 protocol by default, which uses port 3300. If it is not open, the cluster will issue a HEALTH_WARN error.

Here are the constraints to consider when upgrading the storage cluster:

  • Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 uses msgr2 protocol by default. Ensure port 3300 is open on Ceph Monitor nodes
  • Once you upgrade the ceph-monitor daemons from Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, the Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 ceph-osd daemons cannot create new OSDs until you upgrade them to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.
  • Do not create any pools while the upgrade is in progress.

Prerequisites

  • Root-level access to the Ceph Monitor, OSD, and Object Gateway nodes.

Procedure

  1. Ensure that the cluster has completed at least one full scrub of all PGs while running Red Hat Ceph Storage 3. Failure to do so can cause your monitor daemons to refuse to join the quorum on start, leaving them non-functional. To ensure the cluster has completed at least one full scrub of all PGs, execute the following:

    # ceph osd dump | grep ^flags

    To proceed with an upgrade from Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, the OSD map must include the recovery_deletes and purged_snapdirs flags.

  2. Ensure the cluster is in a healthy and clean state.

    ceph health
    HEALTH_OK
  3. For nodes running ceph-mon and ceph-manager, execute:

    # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-4-mon-rpms

    Once the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 package is enabled, execute the following on each of the ceph-mon and ceph-manager nodes:

    # firewall-cmd --add-port=3300/tcp
    # firewall-cmd --add-port=3300/tcp --permanent
    # yum update -y
    # systemctl restart ceph-mon@<mon-hostname>
    # systemctl restart ceph-mgr@<mgr-hostname>

    Replace <mon-hostname> and <mgr-hostname> with the hostname of the target host.

  4. Before upgrading OSDs, set the noout and nodeep-scrub flags on a Ceph Monitor node to prevent OSDs from rebalancing during upgrade.

    # ceph osd set noout
    # ceph osd det nodeep-scrub
  5. On each OSD node, execute:

    # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-4-osd-rpms

    Once the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 package is enabled, update the OSD node:

    # yum update -y

    For each OSD daemon running on the node, execute:

    # systemctl restart ceph-osd@<osd-num>

    Replace <osd-num> with the osd number to restart. Ensure all OSDs on the node have restarted before proceeding to the next OSD node.

  6. If there are any OSDs in the storage cluster deployed with ceph-disk, instruct ceph-volume to start the daemons.

    # ceph-volume simple scan
    # ceph-volume simple activate --all
  7. Enable the Nautilus only functionality:

    # ceph osd require-osd-release nautilus
    Important

    Failure to execute this step will make it impossible for OSDs to communicate after msgr2 is enabled.

  8. After upgrading all OSD nodes, unset the noout and nodeep-scrub flags on a Ceph Monitor node.

    # ceph osd unset noout
    # ceph osd unset nodeep-scrub
  9. Switch any existing CRUSH buckets to the latest bucket type straw2.

    # ceph osd getcrushmap -o backup-crushmap
    # ceph osd crush set-all-straw-buckets-to-straw2
  10. Once all the daemons are updated after upgrading from Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, run the following steps:

    1. Enable the messenger v2 protocol, msgr2:

      ceph mon enable-msgr2

      This instructs all Ceph Monitors that bind to the old default port of 6789, to also bind to the new port of 3300.

    2. Verify the status of the monitor:

      ceph mon dump
      Note

      Running nautilus OSDs does not bind to their v2 address automatically. They must be restarted.

  11. For each host upgraded from Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, update the ceph.conf file to either not specify any monitor port or reference both the v2 and v1 addresses and ports.
  12. Import any configuration options in ceph.conf file into the storage cluster’s configuration database.

    Example

    [root@mon ~]# ceph config assimilate-conf -i /etc/ceph/ceph.conf

    1. Check the storage cluster’s configuration database.

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# ceph config dump

    2. Optional: After upgrading to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, create a minimal ceph.conf file for each host:

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# ceph config generate-minimal-conf > /etc/ceph/ceph.conf.new
      [root@mon ~]# mv /etc/ceph/ceph.conf.new /etc/ceph/ceph.conf

  13. On Ceph Object Gateway nodes, execute:

    # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-4-tools-rpms

    Once the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 package is enabled, update the node and restart the ceph-rgw daemon:

    # yum update -y
    # systemctl restart ceph-rgw@<rgw-target>

    Replace <rgw-target> with the rgw target to restart.

  14. For the administration node, execute:

    # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-4-tools-rpms
    # yum update -y
  15. Ensure the cluster is in a healthy and clean state.

    # ceph health
    HEALTH_OK
  16. Optional: On client nodes, restart any applications that depend on the Ceph client-side libraries.

    Note

    If you are upgrading OpenStack Nova compute nodes that have running QEMU or KVM instances or use a dedicated QEMU or KVM client, stop and start the QEMU or KVM instance because restarting the instance does not work in this case.

7.5. Manually upgrading the Ceph File System Metadata Server nodes

You can manually upgrade the Ceph File System (CephFS) Metadata Server (MDS) software on a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster running either Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 or 8.

Important

Before you upgrade the storage cluster, reduce the number of active MDS ranks to one per file system. This eliminates any possible version conflicts between multiple MDS. In addition, take all standby nodes offline before upgrading.

This is because the MDS cluster does not possess built-in versioning or file system flags. Without these features, multiple MDS might communicate using different versions of the MDS software, and could cause assertions or other faults to occur.

Prerequisites

  • A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
  • The nodes are using Red Hat Ceph Storage version 3.3z64 or 4.1.
  • Root-level access to all nodes in the storage cluster.
Important

The underlying XFS filesystem must be formatted with ftype=1 or with d_type support. Run the command xfs_info /var to ensure the ftype is set to 1. If the value of ftype is not 1, attach a new disk or create a volume. On top of this new device, create a new XFS filesystem and mount it on /var/lib/containers.

Starting with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.0, mkfs.xfs enables ftype=1 by default.

Procedure

  1. Reduce the number of active MDS ranks to 1:

    Syntax

    ceph fs set FILE_SYSTEM_NAME max_mds 1

    Example

    [root@mds ~]# ceph fs set fs1 max_mds 1

  2. Wait for the cluster to stop all of the MDS ranks. When all of the MDS have stopped, only rank 0 should be active. The rest should be in standby mode. Check the status of the file system:

    [root@mds ~]# ceph status
  3. Use systemctl to take all standby MDS offline:

    [root@mds ~]# systemctl stop ceph-mds.target
  4. Confirm that only one MDS is online, and that it has rank 0 for your file system:

    [root@mds ~]# ceph status
  5. If you are upgrading from Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 on RHEL 7, disable the Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 tools repository and enable the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 tools repository:

    [root@mds ~]# subscription-manager repos --disable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-3-tools-rpms
    [root@mds ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-4-tools-rpms
  6. Update the node and restart the ceph-mds daemon:

    [root@mds ~]# yum update -y
    [root@mds ~]# systemctl restart ceph-mds.target
  7. Follow the same processes for the standby daemons. Disable and enable the tools repositories, and then upgrade and restart each standby MDS:

    [root@mds ~]# subscription-manager repos --disable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-3-tools-rpms
    [root@mds ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-4-tools-rpms
    [root@mds ~]# yum update -y
    [root@mds ~]# systemctl restart ceph-mds.target
  8. When you have finished restarting all of the MDS in standby, restore the previous value of max_mds for the storage cluster:

    Syntax

    ceph fs set FILE_SYSTEM_NAME max_mds ORIGINAL_VALUE

    Example

    [root@mds ~]# ceph fs set fs1 max_mds 5

7.6. Additional Resources

Chapter 8. Manually upgrading a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster and operating system

Normally, using ceph-ansible, it is not possible to upgrade Red Hat Ceph Storage and Red Hat Enterprise Linux to a new major release at the same time. For example, if you are on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, using ceph-ansible, you must stay on that version. As a system administrator, you can do this manually, however.

Use this chapter to manually upgrade a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster at version 4.1 or 3.3z6 running on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.9, to a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster at version 4.2 running on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4.

Important

To upgrade a containerized Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster at version 3.x or 4.x to a version 4.2, see the following three sections, Supported Red Hat Ceph Storage upgrade scenarios, Preparing for an upgrade, and Upgrading the storage cluster using Ansible in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Installation Guide.

To migrate existing systemd templates, run docker-to-podman playbook:

[user@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook infrastructure-playbooks/docker-to-podman.yml -i hosts

Where user is the Ansible user.

Important

If a node is collocated with more than one daemon, follow the specific section in this chapter , for the daemons collocated in the node. For example a node collocated with the Ceph Monitor daemon and the OSD daemon:

see Manually upgrading Ceph Monitor nodes and their operating systems and Manually upgrading Ceph OSD nodes and their operating systems.

Important

Manually upgrading Ceph OSD nodes and their operating systems will not work with encrypted OSD partitions as the Leapp upgrade utility does not support upgrading with OSD encryption.

8.1. Prerequisites

  • A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
  • The nodes are running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.9.
  • The nodes are using Red Hat Ceph Storage version 3.3z6 or 4.1
  • Access to the installation source for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.3.

8.2. Manually upgrading Ceph Monitor nodes and their operating systems

As a system administrator, you can manually upgrade the Ceph Monitor software on a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster node and the Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system to a new major release at the same time.

Important

Perform the procedure on only one Monitor node at a time. To prevent cluster access issues, ensure the current upgraded Monitor node has returned to normal operation prior to proceeding to the next node.

Prerequisites

  • A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
  • The nodes are running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.9.
  • The nodes are using Red Hat Ceph Storage version 3.3z6 or 4.1
  • Access to the installation source for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.3.

Procedure

  1. Stop the monitor service:

    Syntax

    systemctl stop ceph-mon@MONITOR_ID

    Replace MONITOR_ID with the Monitor’s ID number.

  2. If using Red Hat Ceph Storage 3, disable the Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 repositories.

    1. Disable the tools repository:

      [root@mon ~]# subscription-manager repos --disable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-3-tools-rpms
    2. Disable the mon repository:

      [root@mon ~]# subscription-manager repos --disable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-3-mon-rpms
  3. If using Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, disable the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 repositories.

    1. Disable the tools repository:

      [root@mon ~]# subscription-manager repos --disable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-4-tools-rpms
    2. Disable the mon repository:

      [root@mon ~]# subscription-manager repos --disable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-4-mon-rpms
  4. Install the leapp utility. See Upgrading from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.
  5. Run through the leapp preupgrade checks. See Assessing upgradability from the command line.
  6. Set PermitRootLogin yes in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
  7. Restart the OpenSSH SSH daemon:

    [root@mon ~]# systemctl restart sshd.service
  8. Remove the iSCSI module from the Linux kernel:

    [root@mon ~]# modprobe -r iscsi
  9. Perform the upgrade by following Performing the upgrade from RHEL 7 to RHEL 8.
  10. Reboot the node.
  11. Enable the repositories for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.

    1. Enable the tools repository:

      [root@mon ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-4-tools-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms
    2. Enable the mon repository:

      [root@mon ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-4-mon-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms
  12. Install the ceph-mon package:

    [root@mon ~]# dnf install ceph-mon
  13. If the manager service is colocated with the monitor service, install the ceph-mgr package:

    [root@mon ~]# dnf install ceph-mgr
  14. Restore the ceph-client-admin.keyring and ceph.conf files from a Monitor node which has not been upgraded yet or from a node that has already had those files restored.
  15. Switch any existing CRUSH buckets to the latest bucket type straw2.

    # ceph osd getcrushmap -o backup-crushmap
    # ceph osd crush set-all-straw-buckets-to-straw2
  16. Once all the daemons are updated after upgrading from Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, run the following steps:

    1. Enable the messenger v2 protocol, msgr2:

      ceph mon enable-msgr2

      This instructs all Ceph Monitors that bind to the old default port of 6789, to also bind to the new port of 3300.

      Important

      Ensure all the Ceph Monitors are upgraded from Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 before performing any further Ceph Monitor configuration.

    2. Verify the status of the monitor:

      ceph mon dump
      Note

      Running nautilus OSDs does not bind to their v2 address automatically. They must be restarted.

  17. For each host upgraded from Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, update the ceph.conf file to either not specify any monitor port or reference both the v2 and v1 addresses and ports. Import any configuration options in ceph.conf file into the storage cluster’s configuration database.

    Example

    [root@mon ~]# ceph config assimilate-conf -i /etc/ceph/ceph.conf

    1. Check the storage cluster’s configuration database.

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# ceph config dump

    2. Optional: After upgrading to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, create a minimal ceph.conf file for each host:

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# ceph config generate-minimal-conf > /etc/ceph/ceph.conf.new
      [root@mon ~]# mv /etc/ceph/ceph.conf.new /etc/ceph/ceph.conf

  18. Install the leveldb package:

    [root@mon ~]# dnf install leveldb
  19. Start the monitor service:

    [root@mon ~]# systemctl start ceph-mon.target
  20. If the manager service is colocated with the monitor service, start the manager service too:

    [root@mon ~]# systemctl start ceph-mgr.target
  21. Verify the monitor service came back up and is in quorum.

    [root@mon ~]# ceph -s

    On the mon: line under services:, ensure the node is listed as in quorum and not as out of quorum.

    Example

    mon: 3 daemons, quorum ceph4-mon,ceph4-mon2,ceph4-mon3 (age 2h)

  22. If the manager service is colocated with the monitor service, verify it is up too:

    [root@mon ~]# ceph -s

    Look for the manager’s node name on the mgr: line under services.

    Example

    mgr: ceph4-mon(active, since 2h), standbys: ceph4-mon3, ceph4-mon2

  23. Repeat the above steps on all Monitor nodes until they have all been upgraded.

8.3. Manually upgrading Ceph OSD nodes and their operating systems

As a system administrator, you can manually upgrade the Ceph OSD software on a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster node and the Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system to a new major release at the same time.

Important

This procedure should be performed for each OSD node in the Ceph cluster, but typically only for one OSD node at a time. A maximum of one failure domains worth of OSD nodes may be performed in parallel. For example, if per-rack replication is in use, one entire rack’s OSD nodes can be upgraded in parallel. To prevent data access issues, ensure the current OSD node’s OSDs have returned to normal operation and all of the cluster’s PGs are in the active+clean state prior to proceeding to the next OSD.

Important

This procedure will not work with encrypted OSD partitions as the Leapp upgrade utility does not support upgrading with OSD encryption.

Important

If the OSDs were created using ceph-disk, and are still managed by ceph-disk, you must use ceph-volume to take over management of them. This is covered in an optional step below.

Prerequisites

  • A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
  • The nodes are running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.9.
  • The nodes are using Red Hat Ceph Storage version 3.3z6 or 4.0
  • Access to the installation source for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.3.

Procedure

  1. Set the OSD noout flag to prevent OSDs from getting marked down during the migration:

    ceph osd set noout
  2. Set the OSD nobackfill, norecover, norrebalance, noscrub and nodeep-scrub flags to avoid unnecessary load on the cluster and to avoid any data reshuffling when the node goes down for migration:

    ceph osd set nobackfill
    ceph osd set norecover
    ceph osd set norebalance
    ceph osd set noscrub
    ceph osd set nodeep-scrub
  3. Gracefully shut down all the OSD processes on the node:

    [root@mon ~]# systemctl stop ceph-osd.target
  4. If using Red Hat Ceph Storage 3, disable the Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 repositories.

    1. Disable the tools repository:

      [root@mon ~]# subscription-manager repos --disable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-3-tools-rpms
    2. Disable the osd repository:

      [root@mon ~]# subscription-manager repos --disable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-3-osd-rpms
  5. If using Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, disable the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 repositories.

    1. Disable the tools repository:

      [root@mon ~]# subscription-manager repos --disable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-4-tools-rpms
    2. Disable the osd repository:

      [root@mon ~]# subscription-manager repos --disable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-4-osd-rpms
  6. Install the leapp utility. See Upgrading from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.
  7. Run through the leapp preupgrade checks. See Assessing upgradability from the command line.
  8. Set PermitRootLogin yes in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
  9. Restart the OpenSSH SSH daemon:

    [root@mon ~]# systemctl restart sshd.service
  10. Remove the iSCSI module from the Linux kernel:

    [root@mon ~]# modprobe -r iscsi
  11. Perform the upgrade by following Performing the upgrade from RHEL 7 to RHEL 8.
  12. Reboot the node.
  13. Enable the repositories for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.

    1. Enable the tools repository:

      [root@mon ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-4-tools-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms
    2. Enable the osd repository:

      [root@mon ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-4-osd-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms
  14. Install the ceph-osd package:

    [root@mon ~]# dnf install ceph-osd
  15. Install the leveldb package:

    [root@mon ~]# dnf install leveldb
  16. Restore the ceph.conf file from a node which has not been upgraded yet or from a node that has already had those files restored.
  17. Unset the noout, nobackfill, norecover, norrebalance, noscrub and nodeep-scrub flags:

    # ceph osd unset noout
    # ceph osd unset nobackfill
    # ceph osd unset norecover
    # ceph osd unset norebalance
    # ceph osd unset noscrub
    # ceph osd unset nodeep-scrub
  18. Switch any existing CRUSH buckets to the latest bucket type straw2.

    # ceph osd getcrushmap -o backup-crushmap
    # ceph osd crush set-all-straw-buckets-to-straw2
  19. Optional: If the OSDs were created using ceph-disk, and are still managed by ceph-disk, you must use ceph-volume to take over management of them.

    1. Mount each object storage device:

      Syntax

      /dev/DRIVE /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-OSD_ID

      Replace DRIVE with the storage device name and partition number.

      Replace OSD_ID with the OSD ID.

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0

      Verify the ID_NUMBER is correct.

      Syntax

      cat /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-OSD_ID/whoami

      Replace OSD_ID with the OSD ID.

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# cat /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/whoami
      0

      Repeat the above steps for any additional object store devices.

    2. Scan the newly mounted devices:

      Syntax

      ceph-volume simple scan /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-OSD_ID

      Replace OSD_ID with the OSD ID.

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# ceph-volume simple scan /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0
       stderr: lsblk: /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0: not a block device
       stderr: lsblk: /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0: not a block device
       stderr: Unknown device, --name=, --path=, or absolute path in /dev/ or /sys expected.
      Running command: /usr/sbin/cryptsetup status /dev/sdb1
      --> OSD 0 got scanned and metadata persisted to file: /etc/ceph/osd/0-0c9917f7-fce8-42aa-bdec-8c2cf2d536ba.json
      --> To take over management of this scanned OSD, and disable ceph-disk and udev, run:
      -->     ceph-volume simple activate 0 0c9917f7-fce8-42aa-bdec-8c2cf2d536ba

      Repeat the above step for any additional object store devices.

    3. Activate the device:

      Syntax

      ceph-volume simple activate OSD_ID UUID

      Replace OSD_ID with the OSD ID and UUID with the UUID printed in the scan output from earlier.

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# ceph-volume simple activate 0 0c9917f7-fce8-42aa-bdec-8c2cf2d536ba
      Running command: /usr/bin/ln -snf /dev/sdb2 /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/journal
      Running command: /usr/bin/chown -R ceph:ceph /dev/sdb2
      Running command: /usr/bin/systemctl enable ceph-volume@simple-0-0c9917f7-fce8-42aa-bdec-8c2cf2d536ba
       stderr: Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ceph-volume@simple-0-0c9917f7-fce8-42aa-bdec-8c2cf2d536ba.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/ceph-volume@.service.
      Running command: /usr/bin/ln -sf /dev/null /etc/systemd/system/ceph-disk@.service
      --> All ceph-disk systemd units have been disabled to prevent OSDs getting triggered by UDEV events
      Running command: /usr/bin/systemctl enable --runtime ceph-osd@0
       stderr: Created symlink /run/systemd/system/ceph-osd.target.wants/ceph-osd@0.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/ceph-osd@.service.
      Running command: /usr/bin/systemctl start ceph-osd@0
      --> Successfully activated OSD 0 with FSID 0c9917f7-fce8-42aa-bdec-8c2cf2d536ba

      Repeat the above step for any additional object store devices.

  20. Optional: If your OSDs were created with ceph-volume and you did not complete the previous step, start the OSD service now:

    [root@mon ~]# systemctl start ceph-osd.target
  21. Activate the OSDs:

    BlueStore

    [root@mon ~]# ceph-volume lvm activate --all

  22. Verify that the OSDs are up and in, and that they are in the active+clean state.

    [root@mon ~]# ceph -s

    On the osd: line under services:, ensure that all OSDs are up and in:

    Example

    osd: 3 osds: 3 up (since 8s), 3 in (since 3M)

  23. Repeat the above steps on all OSD nodes until they have all been upgraded.
  24. If upgrading from Red Hat Ceph Storage 3, disallow pre-Nautilus OSDs and enable the Nautilus-only functionality:

    [root@mon ~]# ceph osd require-osd-release nautilus
    Note

    Failure to execute this step makes it impossible for OSDs to communicate after msgrv2 is enabled.

  25. Once all the daemons are updated after upgrading from Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 to Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, run the following steps:

    1. Enable the messenger v2 protocol, msgr2:

      [root@mon ~]# ceph mon enable-msgr2

      This instructs all Ceph Monitors that bind to the old default port of 6789, to also bind to the new port of 3300.

    2. On every node, import any configuration options in ceph.conf file into the storage cluster’s configuration database:

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# ceph config assimilate-conf -i /etc/ceph/ceph.conf

      Note

      When you assimilate a config into your monitors, for example, if you have different config values set for the same set of options, the end result depends on the order in which the files are assimilated.

    3. Check the storage cluster’s configuration database:

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# ceph config dump

8.4. Manually upgrading Ceph Object Gateway nodes and their operating systems

As a system administrator, you can manually upgrade the Ceph Object Gateway (RGW) software on a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster node and the Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system to a new major release at the same time.

Important

This procedure should be performed for each RGW node in the Ceph cluster, but only for one RGW node at a time. Ensure the current upgraded RGW has returned to normal operation prior to proceeding to the next node to prevent any client access issues.

Prerequisites

  • A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
  • The nodes are running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.9.
  • The nodes are using Red Hat Ceph Storage version 3.3z6 or 4.1
  • Access to the installation source for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.3.

Procedure

  1. Stop the Ceph Object Gateway service:

    # systemctl stop ceph-radosgw.target
  2. If using Red Hat Ceph Storage 3, disable the Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 tool repository:

    # subscription-manager repos --disable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-3-tools-rpms
  3. If using Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, disable the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 tools repository:

    # subscription-manager repos --disable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-4-tools-rpms
  4. Install the leapp utility. See Upgrading from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.
  5. Run through the leapp preupgrade checks. See Assessing upgradability from the command line.
  6. Set PermitRootLogin yes in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
  7. Restart the OpenSSH SSH daemon:

    # systemctl restart sshd.service
  8. Remove the iSCSI module from the Linux kernel:

    # modprobe -r iscsi
  9. Perform the upgrade by following Performing the upgrade from RHEL 7 to RHEL 8.
  10. Reboot the node.
  11. Enable the tools repositories for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.

    # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-4-tools-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms
  12. Install the ceph-radosgw package:

    # dnf install ceph-radosgw
  13. Optional: Install the packages for any Ceph services that are colocated on this node. Enable additional Ceph repositories if needed.
  14. Optional: Install the leveldb package which is needed by other Ceph services.

    # dnf install leveldb
  15. Restore the ceph-client-admin.keyring and ceph.conf files from a node which has not been upgraded yet or from a node that has already had those files restored.
  16. Start the RGW service:

    # systemctl start ceph-radosgw.target
  17. Switch any existing CRUSH buckets to the latest bucket type straw2.

    # ceph osd getcrushmap -o backup-crushmap
    # ceph osd crush set-all-straw-buckets-to-straw2
  18. Verify the daemon is active:

    # ceph -s

    There is an rgw: line under services:.

    Example

    rgw: 1 daemon active (jb-ceph4-rgw.rgw0)

  19. Repeat the above steps on all Ceph Object Gateway nodes until they have all been upgraded.

8.5. Manually upgrading the Ceph Dashboard node and its operating system

As a system administrator, you can manually upgrade the Ceph Dashboard software on a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster node and the Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system to a new major release at the same time.

Prerequisites

  • A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
  • The node is running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.9.
  • The node is running Red Hat Ceph Storage version 3.3z6 or 4.1
  • Access to the installation source for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.3.

Procedure

  1. Uninstall the existing dashboard from the cluster.

    1. Change to the /usr/share/cephmetrics-ansible directory:

      # cd /usr/share/cephmetrics-ansible
    2. Run the purge.yml Ansible playbook:

      # ansible-playbook -v purge.yml
  2. If using Red Hat Ceph Storage 3, disable the Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 tools repository:

    # subscription-manager repos --disable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-3-tools-rpms
  3. If using Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, disable the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 tools repository:

    # subscription-manager repos --disable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-4-tools-rpms
  4. Install the leapp utility. See Upgrading from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.
  5. Run through the leapp preupgrade checks. See Assessing upgradability from the command line.
  6. Set PermitRootLogin yes in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
  7. Restart the OpenSSH SSH daemon:

    # systemctl restart sshd.service
  8. Remove the iSCSI module from the Linux kernel:

    # modprobe -r iscsi
  9. Perform the upgrade by following Performing the upgrade from RHEL 7 to RHEL 8.
  10. Reboot the node.
  11. Enable the tools repository for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8:

    # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-4-tools-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms
  12. Enable the Ansible repository:

    # subscription-manager repos --enable=ansible-2.9-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms
  13. Configure ceph-ansible to manage the cluster. It will install the dashboard. Follow the instructions in Installing Red Hat Ceph Storage using Ansible, including the prerequisites.
  14. After you run ansible-playbook site.yml as a part of the above procedures, the URL for the dashboard will be printed. See Installing dashboard using Ansible in the Dashboard guide for more information on locating the URL and accessing the dashboard.

8.6. Manually upgrading Ceph Ansible nodes and reconfiguring settings

Manually upgrade the Ceph Ansible software on a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster node and the Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system to a new major release at the same time. This procedure applies to both bare-metal and container deployments, unless specified.

Important

Before upgrading hostOS on the Ceph Ansible node, take a backup of group_vars and hosts file. Use the created backup before re-configuring the Ceph Ansible node.

Prerequisites

  • A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
  • The node is running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.9.
  • The node is running Red Hat Ceph Storage version 3.3z6 or 4.1
  • Access to the installation source for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.3.

Procedure

  1. Enable the tools repository for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8:

    [root@dashboard ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-4-tools-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms
  2. Enable the Ansible repository:

    [root@dashboard ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=ansible-2.9-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms
  3. Configure ceph-ansible to manage the storage cluster. It will install the dashboard. Follow the instructions in Installing Red Hat Ceph Storage using Ansible, including the prerequisites.
  4. After you run ansible-playbook site.yml as a part of the above procedures, the URL for the dashboard will be printed. See Installing dashboard using Ansible in the Dashboard guide for more information on locating the URL and accessing the dashboard.

8.7. Manually upgrading the Ceph File System Metadata Server nodes and their operating systems

You can manually upgrade the Ceph File System (CephFS) Metadata Server (MDS) software on a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster and the Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system to a new major release at the same time.

Important

Before you upgrade the storage cluster, reduce the number of active MDS ranks to one per file system. This eliminates any possible version conflicts between multiple MDS. In addition, take all standby nodes offline before upgrading.

This is because the MDS cluster does not possess built-in versioning or file system flags. Without these features, multiple MDS might communicate using different versions of the MDS software, and could cause assertions or other faults to occur.

Prerequisites

  • A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
  • The nodes are running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.9.
  • The nodes are using Red Hat Ceph Storage version 3.3z6 or 4.1.
  • Access to the installation source for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.3.
  • Root-level access to all nodes in the storage cluster.
Important

The underlying XFS filesystem must be formatted with ftype=1 or with d_type support. Run the command xfs_info /var to ensure the ftype is set to 1. If the value of ftype is not 1, attach a new disk or create a volume. On top of this new device, create a new XFS filesystem and mount it on /var/lib/containers.

Starting with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8, mkfs.xfs enables ftype=1 by default.

Procedure

  1. Reduce the number of active MDS ranks to 1:

    Syntax

    ceph fs set FILE_SYSTEM_NAME max_mds 1

    Example

    [root@mds ~]# ceph fs set fs1 max_mds 1

  2. Wait for the cluster to stop all of the MDS ranks. When all of the MDS have stopped, only rank 0 should be active. The rest should be in standby mode. Check the status of the file system:

    [root@mds ~]# ceph status
  3. Use systemctl to take all standby MDS offline:

    [root@mds ~]# systemctl stop ceph-mds.target
  4. Confirm that only one MDS is online, and that it has rank 0 for the file system:

    [root@mds ~]# ceph status
  5. Disable the tools repository for the operating system version:

    1. If you are upgrading from Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 on RHEL 7, disable the Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 tools repository:

      [root@mds ~]# subscription-manager repos --disable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-3-tools-rpms
    2. If you are using Red Hat Ceph Storage 4, disable the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 tools repository:

      [root@mds ~]# subscription-manager repos --disable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-4-tools-rpms
  6. Install the leapp utility. For more information about leapp, refer to Upgrading from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.
  7. Run through the leapp preupgrade checks. For more information, refer to Assessing upgradability from the command line.
  8. Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config and set PermitRootLogin to yes.
  9. Restart the OpenSSH SSH daemon:

    [root@mds ~]# systemctl restart sshd.service
  10. Remove the iSCSI module from the Linux kernel:

    [root@mds ~]# modprobe -r iscsi
  11. Perform the upgrade. See Performing the upgrade from RHEL 7 to RHEL 8.
  12. Reboot the MDS node.
  13. Enable the tools repositories for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8:

    [root@mds ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-4-tools-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms
  14. Install the ceph-mds package:

    [root@mds ~]# dnf install ceph-mds -y
  15. Optional: Install the packages for any Ceph services that are colocated on this node. Enable additional Ceph repositories, if needed.
  16. Optional: Install the leveldb package, which is needed by other Ceph services:

    [root@mds ~]# dnf install leveldb
  17. Restore the ceph-client-admin.keyring and ceph.conf files from a node that has not been upgraded yet, or from a node that has already had those files restored.
  18. Switch any existing CRUSH buckets to the latest bucket type straw2.

    # ceph osd getcrushmap -o backup-crushmap
    # ceph osd crush set-all-straw-buckets-to-straw2
  19. Start the MDS service:

    [root@mds ~]# systemctl restart ceph-mds.target
  20. Verify that the daemon is active:

    [root@mds ~]# ceph -s
  21. Follow the same processes for the standby daemons.
  22. When you have finished restarting all of the MDS in standby, restore the previous value of max_mds for your cluster:

    Syntax

    ceph fs set FILE_SYSTEM_NAME max_mds ORIGINAL_VALUE

    Example

    [root@mds ~]# ceph fs set fs1 max_mds 5

8.8. Recovering from an operating system upgrade failure on an OSD node

As a system administrator, if you have a failure when using the procedure Manually upgrading Ceph OSD nodes and their operating systems, you can recover from the failure using the following procedure. In the procedure you will do a fresh install of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 on the node and still be able to recover the OSDs without any major backfilling of data besides the writes to the OSDs that were down while they were out.

Important

DO NOT touch the media backing the OSDs or their respective wal.db or block.db databases.

Prerequisites

  • A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
  • An OSD node that failed to upgrade.
  • Access to the installation source for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4.

Procedure

  1. Perform a standard installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 on the failed node and enable the Red Hat Enterprise Linux repositories.

  2. Enable the repositories for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.

    1. Enable the tools repository:

      # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-4-tools-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms
    2. Enable the osd repository:

      # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-4-osd-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms
  3. Install the ceph-osd package:

    # dnf install ceph-osd
  4. Restore the ceph.conf file to /etc/ceph from a node which has not been upgraded yet or from a node that has already had those files restored.
  5. Start the OSD service:

    # systemctl start ceph-osd.target
  6. Activate the object store devices:

    ceph-volume lvm activate --all
  7. Watch the recovery of the OSDs and cluster backfill writes to recovered OSDs:

    # ceph -w

    Monitor the output until all PGs are in state active+clean.

8.9. Additional Resources

Chapter 9. What to do next?

This is only the beginning of what Red Hat Ceph Storage can do to help you meet the challenging storage demands of the modern data center. Here are links to more information on a variety of topics:

  • Benchmarking performance and accessing performance counters, see the Benchmarking Performance chapter in the Administration Guide for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.
  • Creating and managing snapshots, see the Snapshots chapter in the Block Device Guide for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.
  • Expanding the Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster, see the Managing the storage cluster size chapter in the Operations Guide for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.
  • Mirroring Ceph Block Devices, see the Block Device Mirroring chapter in the Block Device Guide for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.
  • Process management, see the Process Management chapter in the Administration Guide for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.
  • Tunable parameters, see the Configuration Guide for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.
  • Using Ceph as the back end storage for OpenStack, see the Back-ends section in the Storage Guide for Red Hat OpenStack Platform.
  • Monitor the health and capacity of the Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster with the Ceph Dashboard. See the Dashboard Guide for additional details.

Appendix A. Troubleshooting

A.1. Ansible stops installation because it detects less devices than expected

The Ansible automation application stops the installation process and returns the following error:

- name: fix partitions gpt header or labels of the osd disks (autodiscover disks)
  shell: "sgdisk --zap-all --clear --mbrtogpt -- '/dev/{{ item.0.item.key }}' || sgdisk --zap-all --clear --mbrtogpt -- '/dev/{{ item.0.item.key }}'"
  with_together:
    - "{{ osd_partition_status_results.results }}"
    - "{{ ansible_devices }}"
  changed_when: false
  when:
    - ansible_devices is defined
    - item.0.item.value.removable == "0"
    - item.0.item.value.partitions|count == 0
    - item.0.rc != 0

What this means:

When the osd_auto_discovery parameter is set to true in the /usr/share/ceph-ansible/group_vars/osds.yml file, Ansible automatically detects and configures all the available devices. During this process, Ansible expects that all OSDs use the same devices. The devices get their names in the same order in which Ansible detects them. If one of the devices fails on one of the OSDs, Ansible fails to detect the failed device and stops the whole installation process.

Example situation:

  1. Three OSD nodes (host1, host2, host3) use the /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, and dev/sdd disks.
  2. On host2, the /dev/sdc disk fails and is removed.
  3. Upon the next reboot, Ansible fails to detect the removed /dev/sdc disk and expects that only two disks will be used for host2, /dev/sdb and /dev/sdc (formerly /dev/sdd).
  4. Ansible stops the installation process and returns the above error message.

To fix the problem:

In the /etc/ansible/hosts file, specify the devices used by the OSD node with the failed disk (host2 in the Example situation above):

[osds]
host1
host2 devices="[ '/dev/sdb', '/dev/sdc' ]"
host3

See Chapter 5, Installing Red Hat Ceph Storage using Ansible for details.

Appendix B. Using the command-line interface to install the Ceph software

As a storage administrator, you can choose to manually install various components of the Red Hat Ceph Storage software.

B.1. Installing the Ceph Command Line Interface

The Ceph command-line interface (CLI) enables administrators to execute Ceph administrative commands. The CLI is provided by the ceph-common package and includes the following utilities:

  • ceph
  • ceph-authtool
  • ceph-dencoder
  • rados

Prerequisites

  • A running Ceph storage cluster, preferably in the active + clean state.

Procedure

  1. On the client node, enable the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 Tools repository:

    [root@gateway ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-4-tools-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms
  2. On the client node, install the ceph-common package:

    # yum install ceph-common
  3. From the initial monitor node, copy the Ceph configuration file, in this case ceph.conf, and the administration keyring to the client node:

    Syntax

    # scp /etc/ceph/ceph.conf <user_name>@<client_host_name>:/etc/ceph/
    # scp /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring <user_name>@<client_host_name:/etc/ceph/

    Example

    # scp /etc/ceph/ceph.conf root@node1:/etc/ceph/
    # scp /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring root@node1:/etc/ceph/

    Replace <client_host_name> with the host name of the client node.

B.2. Manually Installing Red Hat Ceph Storage

Important

Red Hat does not support or test upgrading manually deployed clusters. Therefore, Red Hat recommends to use Ansible to deploy a new cluster with Red Hat Ceph Storage 4. See Chapter 5, Installing Red Hat Ceph Storage using Ansible for details.

You can use command-line utilities, such as Yum, to upgrade manually deployed clusters, but Red Hat does not support or test this approach.

All Ceph clusters require at least one monitor, and at least as many OSDs as copies of an object stored on the cluster. Red Hat recommends using three monitors for production environments and a minimum of three Object Storage Devices (OSD).

Bootstrapping the initial monitor is the first step in deploying a Ceph storage cluster. Ceph monitor deployment also sets important criteria for the entire cluster, such as:

  • The number of replicas for pools
  • The number of placement groups per OSD
  • The heartbeat intervals
  • Any authentication requirement

Most of these values are set by default, so it is useful to know about them when setting up the cluster for production.

Installing a Ceph storage cluster by using the command line interface involves these steps:

Monitor Bootstrapping

Bootstrapping a Monitor and by extension a Ceph storage cluster, requires the following data:

Unique Identifier
The File System Identifier (fsid) is a unique identifier for the cluster. The fsid was originally used when the Ceph storage cluster was principally used for the Ceph file system. Ceph now supports native interfaces, block devices, and object storage gateway interfaces too, so fsid is a bit of a misnomer.
Monitor Name
Each Monitor instance within a cluster has a unique name. In common practice, the Ceph Monitor name is the node name. Red Hat recommend one Ceph Monitor per node, and no co-locating the Ceph OSD daemons with the Ceph Monitor daemon. To retrieve the short node name, use the hostname -s command.
Monitor Map

Bootstrapping the initial Monitor requires you to generate a Monitor map. The Monitor map requires:

  • The File System Identifier (fsid)
  • The cluster name, or the default cluster name of ceph is used
  • At least one host name and its IP address.
Monitor Keyring
Monitors communicate with each other by using a secret key. You must generate a keyring with a Monitor secret key and provide it when bootstrapping the initial Monitor.
Administrator Keyring
To use the ceph command-line interface utilities, create the client.admin user and generate its keyring. Also, you must add the client.admin user to the Monitor keyring.

The foregoing requirements do not imply the creation of a Ceph configuration file. However, as a best practice, Red Hat recommends creating a Ceph configuration file and populating it with the fsid, the mon initial members and the mon host settings at a minimum.

You can get and set all of the Monitor settings at runtime as well. However, the Ceph configuration file might contain only those settings which overrides the default values. When you add settings to a Ceph configuration file, these settings override the default settings. Maintaining those settings in a Ceph configuration file makes it easier to maintain the cluster.

To bootstrap the initial Monitor, perform the following steps:

  1. Enable the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 Monitor repository:

    [root@monitor ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-4-mon-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms
  2. On your initial Monitor node, install the ceph-mon package as root:

    # yum install ceph-mon
  3. As root, create a Ceph configuration file in the /etc/ceph/ directory.

    # touch /etc/ceph/ceph.conf
  4. As root, generate the unique identifier for your cluster and add the unique identifier to the [global] section of the Ceph configuration file:

    # echo "[global]" > /etc/ceph/ceph.conf
    # echo "fsid = `uuidgen`" >> /etc/ceph/ceph.conf
  5. View the current Ceph configuration file:

    $ cat /etc/ceph/ceph.conf
    [global]
    fsid = a7f64266-0894-4f1e-a635-d0aeaca0e993
  6. As root, add the initial Monitor to the Ceph configuration file:

    Syntax

    # echo "mon initial members = <monitor_host_name>[,<monitor_host_name>]" >> /etc/ceph/ceph.conf

    Example

    # echo "mon initial members = node1" >> /etc/ceph/ceph.conf

  7. As root, add the IP address of the initial Monitor to the Ceph configuration file:

    Syntax

    # echo "mon host = <ip-address>[,<ip-address>]" >> /etc/ceph/ceph.conf

    Example

    # echo "mon host = 192.168.0.120" >> /etc/ceph/ceph.conf

    Note

    To use IPv6 addresses, you set the ms bind ipv6 option to true. For details, see the Bind section in the Configuration Guide for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.

  8. As root, create the keyring for the cluster and generate the Monitor secret key:

    # ceph-authtool --create-keyring /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring --gen-key -n mon. --cap mon 'allow *'
    creating /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring
  9. As root, generate an administrator keyring, generate a ceph.client.admin.keyring user and add the user to the keyring:

    Syntax

    # ceph-authtool --create-keyring /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring --gen-key -n client.admin --set-uid=0 --cap mon '<capabilites>' --cap osd '<capabilites>' --cap mds '<capabilites>'

    Example

    # ceph-authtool --create-keyring /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring --gen-key -n client.admin --set-uid=0 --cap mon 'allow *' --cap osd 'allow *' --cap mds 'allow'
    creating /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring

  10. As root, add the ceph.client.admin.keyring key to the ceph.mon.keyring:

    # ceph-authtool /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring --import-keyring /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring
    importing contents of /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring into /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring
  11. Generate the Monitor map. Specify using the node name, IP address and the fsid, of the initial Monitor and save it as /tmp/monmap:

    Syntax

    $ monmaptool --create --add <monitor_host_name> <ip-address> --fsid <uuid> /tmp/monmap

    Example

    $ monmaptool --create --add node1 192.168.0.120 --fsid a7f64266-0894-4f1e-a635-d0aeaca0e993 /tmp/monmap
    monmaptool: monmap file /tmp/monmap
    monmaptool: set fsid to a7f64266-0894-4f1e-a635-d0aeaca0e993
    monmaptool: writing epoch 0 to /tmp/monmap (1 monitors)

  12. As root on the initial Monitor node, create a default data directory:

    Syntax

    # mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-<monitor_host_name>

    Example

    # mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-node1

  13. As root, populate the initial Monitor daemon with the Monitor map and keyring:

    Syntax

    # ceph-mon --mkfs -i <monitor_host_name> --monmap /tmp/monmap --keyring /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring

    Example

    # ceph-mon --mkfs -i node1 --monmap /tmp/monmap --keyring /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring
    ceph-mon: set fsid to a7f64266-0894-4f1e-a635-d0aeaca0e993
    ceph-mon: created monfs at /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-node1 for mon.node1

  14. View the current Ceph configuration file:

    # cat /etc/ceph/ceph.conf
    [global]
    fsid = a7f64266-0894-4f1e-a635-d0aeaca0e993
    mon_initial_members = node1
    mon_host = 192.168.0.120

    For more details on the various Ceph configuration settings, see the Configuration Guide for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4. The following example of a Ceph configuration file lists some of the most common configuration settings:

    Example

    [global]
    fsid = <cluster-id>
    mon initial members = <monitor_host_name>[, <monitor_host_name>]
    mon host = <ip-address>[, <ip-address>]
    public network = <network>[, <network>]
    cluster network = <network>[, <network>]
    auth cluster required = cephx
    auth service required = cephx
    auth client required = cephx
    osd journal size = <n>
    osd pool default size = <n>  # Write an object n times.
    osd pool default min size = <n> # Allow writing n copy in a degraded state.
    osd pool default pg num = <n>
    osd pool default pgp num = <n>
    osd crush chooseleaf type = <n>

  15. As root, create the done file:

    Syntax

    # touch /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-<monitor_host_name>/done

    Example

    # touch /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-node1/done

  16. As root, update the owner and group permissions on the newly created directory and files:

    Syntax

    # chown -R <owner>:<group> <path_to_directory>

    Example

    # chown -R ceph:ceph /var/lib/ceph/mon
    # chown -R ceph:ceph /var/log/ceph
    # chown -R ceph:ceph /var/run/ceph
    # chown ceph:ceph /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring
    # chown ceph:ceph /etc/ceph/ceph.conf
    # chown ceph:ceph /etc/ceph/rbdmap

    Note

    If the Ceph Monitor node is co-located with an OpenStack Controller node, then the Glance and Cinder keyring files must be owned by glance and cinder respectively. For example:

    # ls -l /etc/ceph/
    ...
    -rw-------.  1 glance glance      64 <date> ceph.client.glance.keyring
    -rw-------.  1 cinder cinder      64 <date> ceph.client.cinder.keyring
    ...
  17. As root, start and enable the ceph-mon process on the initial Monitor node:

    Syntax

    # systemctl enable ceph-mon.target
    # systemctl enable ceph-mon@<monitor_host_name>
    # systemctl start ceph-mon@<monitor_host_name>

    Example

    # systemctl enable ceph-mon.target
    # systemctl enable ceph-mon@node1
    # systemctl start ceph-mon@node1

  18. As root, verify the monitor daemon is running:

    Syntax

    # systemctl status ceph-mon@<monitor_host_name>

    Example

    # systemctl status ceph-mon@node1
    ● ceph-mon@node1.service - Ceph cluster monitor daemon
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/ceph-mon@.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
       Active: active (running) since Wed 2018-06-27 11:31:30 PDT; 5min ago
     Main PID: 1017 (ceph-mon)
       CGroup: /system.slice/system-ceph\x2dmon.slice/ceph-mon@node1.service
               └─1017 /usr/bin/ceph-mon -f --cluster ceph --id node1 --setuser ceph --setgroup ceph
    
    Jun 27 11:31:30 node1 systemd[1]: Started Ceph cluster monitor daemon.
    Jun 27 11:31:30 node1 systemd[1]: Starting Ceph cluster monitor daemon...

To add more Red Hat Ceph Storage Monitors to the storage cluster, see the Adding a Monitor section in the Administration Guide for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.

OSD Bootstrapping

Once you have your initial monitor running, you can start adding the Object Storage Devices (OSDs). Your cluster cannot reach an active + clean state until you have enough OSDs to handle the number of copies of an object.

The default number of copies for an object is three. You will need three OSD nodes at minimum. However, if you only want two copies of an object, therefore only adding two OSD nodes, then update the osd pool default size and osd pool default min size settings in the Ceph configuration file.

For more details, see the OSD Configuration Reference section in the Configuration Guide for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.

After bootstrapping the initial monitor, the cluster has a default CRUSH map. However, the CRUSH map does not have any Ceph OSD daemons mapped to a Ceph node.

To add an OSD to the cluster and updating the default CRUSH map, execute the following on each OSD node:

  1. Enable the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 OSD repository:

    [root@osd ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-4-osd-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms
  2. As root, install the ceph-osd package on the Ceph OSD node:

    # yum install ceph-osd
  3. Copy the Ceph configuration file and administration keyring file from the initial Monitor node to the OSD node:

    Syntax

    # scp <user_name>@<monitor_host_name>:<path_on_remote_system> <path_to_local_file>

    Example

    # scp root@node1:/etc/ceph/ceph.conf /etc/ceph
    # scp root@node1:/etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring /etc/ceph

  4. Generate the Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) for the OSD:

    $ uuidgen
    b367c360-b364-4b1d-8fc6-09408a9cda7a
  5. As root, create the OSD instance:

    Syntax

    # ceph osd create <uuid> [<osd_id>]

    Example

    # ceph osd create b367c360-b364-4b1d-8fc6-09408a9cda7a
    0

    Note

    This command outputs the OSD number identifier needed for subsequent steps.

  6. As root, create the default directory for the new OSD:

    Syntax

    # mkdir /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-<osd_id>

    Example

    # mkdir /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0

  7. As root, prepare the drive for use as an OSD, and mount it to the directory you just created. Create a partition for the Ceph data and journal. The journal and the data partitions can be located on the same disk. This example is using a 15 GB disk:

    Syntax

    # parted <path_to_disk> mklabel gpt
    # parted <path_to_disk> mkpart primary 1 10000
    # mkfs -t <fstype> <path_to_partition>
    # mount -o noatime <path_to_partition> /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-<osd_id>
    # echo "<path_to_partition>  /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-<osd_id>   xfs defaults,noatime 1 2" >> /etc/fstab

    Example

    # parted /dev/sdb mklabel gpt
    # parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary 1 10000
    # parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary 10001 15000
    # mkfs -t xfs /dev/sdb1
    # mount -o noatime /dev/sdb1 /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0
    # echo "/dev/sdb1 /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0  xfs defaults,noatime 1 2" >> /etc/fstab

  8. As root, initialize the OSD data directory:

    Syntax

    # ceph-osd -i <osd_id> --mkfs --mkkey --osd-uuid <uuid>

    Example

    # ceph-osd -i 0 --mkfs --mkkey --osd-uuid b367c360-b364-4b1d-8fc6-09408a9cda7a
    ... auth: error reading file: /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/keyring: can't open /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/keyring: (2) No such file or directory
    ... created new key in keyring /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/keyring

  9. As root, register the OSD authentication key.

    Syntax

    # ceph auth add osd.<osd_id> osd 'allow *' mon 'allow profile osd' -i /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-<osd_id>/keyring

    Example

    # ceph auth add osd.0 osd 'allow *' mon 'allow profile osd' -i /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/keyring
    added key for osd.0

  10. As root, add the OSD node to the CRUSH map:

    Syntax

    # ceph osd crush add-bucket <host_name> host

    Example

    # ceph osd crush add-bucket node2 host

  11. As root, place the OSD node under the default CRUSH tree:

    Syntax

    # ceph osd crush move <host_name> root=default

    Example

    # ceph osd crush move node2 root=default

  12. As root, add the OSD disk to the CRUSH map

    Syntax

    # ceph osd crush add osd.<osd_id> <weight> [<bucket_type>=<bucket-name> ...]

    Example

    # ceph osd crush add osd.0 1.0 host=node2
    add item id 0 name 'osd.0' weight 1 at location {host=node2} to crush map

    Note

    You can also decompile the CRUSH map, and add the OSD to the device list. Add the OSD node as a bucket, then add the device as an item in the OSD node, assign the OSD a weight, recompile the CRUSH map and set the CRUSH map. For more details, see the Editing a CRUSH map section in the Storage Strategies Guide for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 for more details.

  13. As root, update the owner and group permissions on the newly created directory and files:

    Syntax

    # chown -R <owner>:<group> <path_to_directory>

    Example

    # chown -R ceph:ceph /var/lib/ceph/osd
    # chown -R ceph:ceph /var/log/ceph
    # chown -R ceph:ceph /var/run/ceph
    # chown -R ceph:ceph /etc/ceph

  14. The OSD node is in your Ceph storage cluster configuration. However, the OSD daemon is down and in. The new OSD must be up before it can begin receiving data. As root, enable and start the OSD process:

    Syntax

    # systemctl enable ceph-osd.target
    # systemctl enable ceph-osd@<osd_id>
    # systemctl start ceph-osd@<osd_id>

    Example

    # systemctl enable ceph-osd.target
    # systemctl enable ceph-osd@0
    # systemctl start ceph-osd@0

    Once you start the OSD daemon, it is up and in.

Now you have the monitors and some OSDs up and running. You can watch the placement groups peer by executing the following command:

$ ceph -w

To view the OSD tree, execute the following command:

$ ceph osd tree

Example

ID  WEIGHT    TYPE NAME        UP/DOWN  REWEIGHT  PRIMARY-AFFINITY
-1       2    root default
-2       2        host node2
 0       1            osd.0         up         1                 1
-3       1        host node3
 1       1            osd.1         up         1                 1

To expand the storage capacity by adding new OSDs to the storage cluster, see the Adding an OSD section in the Administration Guide for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.

B.3. Manually installing Ceph Manager

Usually, the Ansible automation utility installs the Ceph Manager daemon (ceph-mgr) when you deploy the Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster. However, if you do not use Ansible to manage Red Hat Ceph Storage, you can install Ceph Manager manually. Red Hat recommends to colocate the Ceph Manager and Ceph Monitor daemons on a same node.

Prerequisites

  • A working Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster
  • root or sudo access
  • The rhceph-4-mon-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms repository enabled
  • Open ports 6800-7300 on the public network if firewall is used

Procedure

Use the following commands on the node where ceph-mgr will be deployed and as the root user or with the sudo utility.

  1. Install the ceph-mgr package:

    [root@node1 ~]# yum install ceph-mgr
  2. Create the /var/lib/ceph/mgr/ceph-hostname/ directory:

    mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mgr/ceph-hostname

    Replace hostname with the host name of the node where the ceph-mgr daemon will be deployed, for example:

    [root@node1 ~]# mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mgr/ceph-node1
  3. In the newly created directory, create an authentication key for the ceph-mgr daemon:

    [root@node1 ~]# ceph auth get-or-create mgr.`hostname -s` mon 'allow profile mgr' osd 'allow *' mds 'allow *' -o /var/lib/ceph/mgr/ceph-node1/keyring
  4. Change the owner and group of the /var/lib/ceph/mgr/ directory to ceph:ceph:

    [root@node1 ~]# chown -R ceph:ceph /var/lib/ceph/mgr
  5. Enable the ceph-mgr target:

    [root@node1 ~]# systemctl enable ceph-mgr.target
  6. Enable and start the ceph-mgr instance:

    systemctl enable ceph-mgr@hostname
    systemctl start ceph-mgr@hostname

    Replace hostname with the host name of the node where the ceph-mgr will be deployed, for example:

    [root@node1 ~]# systemctl enable ceph-mgr@node1
    [root@node1 ~]# systemctl start ceph-mgr@node1
  7. Verify that the ceph-mgr daemon started successfully:

    ceph -s

    The output will include a line similar to the following one under the services: section:

        mgr: node1(active)
  8. Install more ceph-mgr daemons to serve as standby daemons that become active if the current active daemon fails.

B.4. Manually Installing Ceph Block Device

The following procedure shows how to install and mount a thin-provisioned, resizable Ceph Block Device.

Important

Ceph Block Devices must be deployed on separate nodes from the Ceph Monitor and OSD nodes. Running kernel clients and kernel server daemons on the same node can lead to kernel deadlocks.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Create a Ceph Block Device user named client.rbd with full permissions to files on OSD nodes (osd 'allow rwx') and output the result to a keyring file:

    ceph auth get-or-create client.rbd mon 'profile rbd' osd 'profile rbd pool=<pool_name>' \
    -o /etc/ceph/rbd.keyring

    Replace <pool_name> with the name of the pool that you want to allow client.rbd to have access to, for example rbd:

    # ceph auth get-or-create \
    client.rbd mon 'allow r' osd 'allow rwx pool=rbd' \
    -o /etc/ceph/rbd.keyring

    See the User Management section in the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 Administration Guide for more information about creating users.

  2. Create a block device image:

    rbd create <image_name> --size <image_size> --pool <pool_name> \
    --name client.rbd --keyring /etc/ceph/rbd.keyring

    Specify <image_name>, <image_size>, and <pool_name>, for example:

    $ rbd create image1 --size 4G --pool rbd \
    --name client.rbd --keyring /etc/ceph/rbd.keyring
    Warning

    The default Ceph configuration includes the following Ceph Block Device features:

    • layering
    • exclusive-lock
    • object-map
    • deep-flatten
    • fast-diff

    If you use the kernel RBD (krbd) client, you may not be able to map the block device image.

    To work around this problem, disable the unsupported features. Use one of the following options to do so:

    • Disable the unsupported features dynamically:

      rbd feature disable <image_name> <feature_name>

      For example:

      # rbd feature disable image1 object-map deep-flatten fast-diff
    • Use the --image-feature layering option with the rbd create command to enable only layering on newly created block device images.
    • Disable the features be default in the Ceph configuration file:

      rbd_default_features = 1

    This is a known issue, for details see the Known Issues chapter in the Release Notes for Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.

    All these features work for users that use the user-space RBD client to access the block device images.

  3. Map the newly created image to the block device:

    rbd map <image_name> --pool <pool_name>\
    --name client.rbd --keyring /etc/ceph/rbd.keyring

    For example:

    # rbd map image1 --pool rbd --name client.rbd \
    --keyring /etc/ceph/rbd.keyring
  4. Use the block device by creating a file system:

    mkfs.ext4 /dev/rbd/<pool_name>/<image_name>

    Specify the pool name and the image name, for example:

    # mkfs.ext4 /dev/rbd/rbd/image1

    This action can take a few moments.

  5. Mount the newly created file system:

    mkdir <mount_directory>
    mount /dev/rbd/<pool_name>/<image_name> <mount_directory>

    For example:

    # mkdir /mnt/ceph-block-device
    # mount /dev/rbd/rbd/image1 /mnt/ceph-block-device

Additional Resources

B.5. Manually Installing Ceph Object Gateway

The Ceph object gateway, also know as the RADOS gateway, is an object storage interface built on top of the librados API to provide applications with a RESTful gateway to Ceph storage clusters.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Enable the Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 Tools repository:

    [root@gateway ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-4-tools-for-rhel-8-x86_64-debug-rpms
  2. On the Object Gateway node, install the ceph-radosgw package:

    # yum install ceph-radosgw
  3. On the initial Monitor node, do the following steps.

    1. Update the Ceph configuration file as follows:

      [client.rgw.<obj_gw_hostname>]
      host = <obj_gw_hostname>
      rgw frontends = "civetweb port=80"
      rgw dns name = <obj_gw_hostname>.example.com

      Where <obj_gw_hostname> is a short host name of the gateway node. To view the short host name, use the hostname -s command.

    2. Copy the updated configuration file to the new Object Gateway node and all other nodes in the Ceph storage cluster:

      Syntax

      # scp /etc/ceph/ceph.conf <user_name>@<target_host_name>:/etc/ceph

      Example

      # scp /etc/ceph/ceph.conf root@node1:/etc/ceph/

    3. Copy the ceph.client.admin.keyring file to the new Object Gateway node:

      Syntax

      # scp /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring <user_name>@<target_host_name>:/etc/ceph/

      Example

      # scp /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring root@node1:/etc/ceph/

  4. On the Object Gateway node, create the data directory:

    # mkdir -p /var/lib/ceph/radosgw/ceph-rgw.`hostname -s`
  5. On the Object Gateway node, add a user and keyring to bootstrap the object gateway:

    Syntax

    # ceph auth get-or-create client.rgw.`hostname -s` osd 'allow rwx' mon 'allow rw' -o /var/lib/ceph/radosgw/ceph-rgw.`hostname -s`/keyring

    Example

    # ceph auth get-or-create client.rgw.`hostname -s` osd 'allow rwx' mon 'allow rw' -o /var/lib/ceph/radosgw/ceph-rgw.`hostname -s`/keyring

    Important

    When you provide capabilities to the gateway key you must provide the read capability. However, providing the Monitor write capability is optional; if you provide it, the Ceph Object Gateway will be able to create pools automatically.

    In such a case, ensure to specify a reasonable number of placement groups in a pool. Otherwise, the gateway uses the default number, which is most likely not suitable for your needs. See Ceph Placement Groups (PGs) per Pool Calculator for details.

  6. On the Object Gateway node, create the done file:

    # touch /var/lib/ceph/radosgw/ceph-rgw.`hostname -s`/done
  7. On the Object Gateway node, change the owner and group permissions:

    # chown -R ceph:ceph /var/lib/ceph/radosgw
    # chown -R ceph:ceph /var/log/ceph
    # chown -R ceph:ceph /var/run/ceph
    # chown -R ceph:ceph /etc/ceph
  8. On the Object Gateway node, open TCP port 8080:

    # firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp
    # firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent
  9. On the Object Gateway node, start and enable the ceph-radosgw process:

    Syntax

    # systemctl enable ceph-radosgw.target
    # systemctl enable ceph-radosgw@rgw.<rgw_hostname>
    # systemctl start ceph-radosgw@rgw.<rgw_hostname>

    Example

    # systemctl enable ceph-radosgw.target
    # systemctl enable ceph-radosgw@rgw.node1
    # systemctl start ceph-radosgw@rgw.node1

Once installed, the Ceph Object Gateway automatically creates pools if the write capability is set on the Monitor. See the Pools chapter in the Storage Strategies Guide for details on creating pools manually.

Additional Resources

Appendix C. Configuring Ansible inventory location

As an option, you can configure inventory location files for the ceph-ansible staging and production environments.

Prerequisites

  • An Ansible administration node.
  • Root-level access to the Ansible administration node.
  • The ceph-ansible package is installed on the node.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the /usr/share/ceph-ansible directory:

    [ansible@admin ~]# cd /usr/share/ceph-ansible
  2. Create subdirectories for staging and production:

    [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ mkdir -p inventory/staging inventory/production
  3. Edit the ansible.cfg file and add the following lines:

    [defaults]
    inventory = ./inventory/staging # Assign a default inventory directory
  4. Create an inventory 'hosts' file for each environment:

    [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ touch inventory/staging/hosts
    [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ touch inventory/production/hosts
    1. Open and edit each hosts file and add the Ceph Monitor nodes under the [mons] section:

      [mons]
      MONITOR_NODE_NAME_1
      MONITOR_NODE_NAME_1
      MONITOR_NODE_NAME_1

      Example

      [mons]
      mon-stage-node1
      mon-stage-node2
      mon-stage-node3

      Note

      By default, playbooks run in the staging environment. To run the playbook in the production environment:

      [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i inventory/production playbook.yml

Additional Resources

Appendix D. Overriding Ceph Default Settings

Unless otherwise specified in the Ansible configuration files, Ceph uses its default settings.

Because Ansible manages the Ceph configuration file, edit the /usr/share/ceph-ansible/group_vars/all.yml file to change the Ceph configuration. Use the ceph_conf_overrides setting to override the default Ceph configuration.

Ansible supports the same sections as the Ceph configuration file; [global], [mon], [osd], [mds], [rgw], and so on. You can also override particular instances, such as a particular Ceph Object Gateway instance. For example:

###################
# CONFIG OVERRIDE #
###################

ceph_conf_overrides:
   client.rgw.server601.rgw1:
      rgw_enable_ops_log: true
      log_file: /var/log/ceph/ceph-rgw-rgw1.log
Note

Do not use a variable as a key in the ceph_conf_overrides setting. You must pass the absolute label for the host for the section(s) for which you want to override particular configuration value.

Note

Ansible does not include braces when referring to a particular section of the Ceph configuration file. Sections and settings names are terminated with a colon.

Important

Do not set the cluster network with the cluster_network parameter in the CONFIG OVERRIDE section because this can cause two conflicting cluster networks being set in the Ceph configuration file.

To set the cluster network, use the cluster_network parameter in the CEPH CONFIGURATION section. For details, see Installing a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Installation Guide.

Appendix E. Importing an Existing Ceph Cluster to Ansible

You can configure Ansible to use a cluster deployed without Ansible. For example, if you upgraded Red Hat Ceph Storage 1.3 clusters to version 2 manually, configure them to use Ansible by following this procedure:

  1. After manually upgrading from version 1.3 to version 2, install and configure Ansible on the administration node.
  2. Ensure that the Ansible administration node has passwordless ssh access to all Ceph nodes in the cluster. See Section 3.9, “Enabling password-less SSH for Ansible” for more details.
  3. As root, create a symbolic link to the Ansible group_vars directory in the /etc/ansible/ directory:

    # ln -s /usr/share/ceph-ansible/group_vars /etc/ansible/group_vars
  4. As root, create an all.yml file from the all.yml.sample file and open it for editing:

    # cd /etc/ansible/group_vars
    # cp all.yml.sample all.yml
    # vim all.yml
  5. Set the generate_fsid setting to false in group_vars/all.yml.
  6. Get the current cluster fsid by executing ceph fsid.
  7. Set the retrieved fsid in group_vars/all.yml.
  8. Modify the Ansible inventory in /etc/ansible/hosts to include Ceph hosts. Add monitors under a [mons] section, OSDs under an [osds] section and gateways under an [rgws] section to identify their roles to Ansible.
  9. Make sure ceph_conf_overrides is updated with the original ceph.conf options used for [global], [osd], [mon], and [client] sections in the all.yml file.

    Options like osd journal, public_network and cluster_network should not be added in ceph_conf_overrides because they are already part of all.yml. Only the options that are not part of all.yml and are in the original ceph.conf should be added to ceph_conf_overrides.

  10. From the /usr/share/ceph-ansible/ directory run the playbook.

    # cd /usr/share/ceph-ansible/
    # ansible-playbook infrastructure-playbooks/take-over-existing-cluster.yml -u <username> -i hosts

Appendix F. Purging storage clusters deployed by Ansible

If you no longer want to use a Ceph storage cluster, then use the purge-docker-cluster.yml playbook to remove the cluster. Purging a storage cluster is also useful when the installation process failed and you want to start over.

Warning

After purging a Ceph storage cluster, all data on the OSDs is permanently lost.

Prerequisites

  • Root-level access to the Ansible administration node.
  • Access to the ansible user account.
  • For bare-metal deployments:

    • If the osd_auto_discovery option in the /usr/share/ceph-ansible/group-vars/osds.yml file is set to true, then Ansible will fail to purge the storage cluster. Therefore, comment out osd_auto_discovery and declare the OSD devices in the osds.yml file.
  • Ensure that the /var/log/ansible/ansible.log file is writable by the ansible user account.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the /usr/share/ceph-ansible/ directory:

    [root@admin ~]# cd /usr/share/ceph-ansible
  2. As the ansible user, run the purge playbook.

    1. For bare-metal deployments, use the purge-cluster.yml playbook to purge the Ceph storage cluster:

      [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook infrastructure-playbooks/purge-cluster.yml
    2. For container deployments:

      1. Use the purge-docker-cluster.yml playbook to purge the Ceph storage cluster:

        [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook infrastructure-playbooks/purge-docker-cluster.yml
        Note

        This playbook removes all packages, containers, configuration files, and all the data created by the Ceph Ansible playbook.

      2. To specify a different inventory file other than the default (/etc/ansible/hosts), use -i parameter:

        Syntax

        [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook infrastructure-playbooks/purge-docker-cluster.yml -i INVENTORY_FILE

        Replace

        INVENTORY_FILE with the path to the inventory file.

        Example

        [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook infrastructure-playbooks/purge-docker-cluster.yml -i ~/ansible/hosts

      3. To skip the removal of the Ceph container image, use the --skip-tags=”remove_img” option:

        [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook --skip-tags="remove_img" infrastructure-playbooks/purge-docker-cluster.yml
      4. To skip the removal of the packages that were installed during the installation, use the --skip-tags=”with_pkg” option:

        [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook --skip-tags="with_pkg" infrastructure-playbooks/purge-docker-cluster.yml

Additional Resources

Appendix G. Purging the Ceph dashboard using Ansible

If you no longer want the dashboard installed, use the purge-dashboard.yml playbook to remove the dashboard. You might also want to purge the dashboard when troubleshooting an issue with the dashboard or its components.

Prerequisites

  • Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.3 or later.
  • Ceph-ansible shipped with the latest version of Red Hat Ceph Storage.
  • Sudo-level access to all nodes in the storage cluster.

Procedure

  1. Log in to the Ansible administration node.
  2. Navigate to the /usr/share/ceph-ansible/ directory:

    Example

    [ansible@admin ~]$ cd /usr/share/ceph-ansible/

  3. Run the Ansible purge-dashboard.yml playbook, and when prompted, type yes to confirm purging of the dashboard:

    Example

    [ansible@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook infrastructure-playbooks/purge-dashboard.yml -i hosts -vvvv

Verification

  • Run the ceph mgr services command to verify dashboard is no longer running:

    Syntax

    ceph mgr services

    The dashboard URL is not displayed.

Additional Resources

Appendix H. Encrypting Ansible password variables with ansible-vault

You can use ansible-vault to encrypt Ansible variables used to store passwords so they are not readable as plaintext. For example, in group_vars/all.yml the ceph_docker_registry_username and ceph_docker_registry_password variables can be set to Service Account credentials, or Customer Portal credentials. The Service Account is designed to be shared, but the Customer Portal password should be secured. In addition to encrypting ceph_docker_registry_password, you may also want to encrypt dashboard_admin_password and grafana_admin_password.

Prerequisites

  • A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
  • Access to the Ansible administration node.

Procedure

  1. Log in to the Ansible administration node.
  2. Change to the /usr/share/ceph-ansible/ directory:

    [admin@admin ~]$ cd /usr/share/ceph-ansible/
  3. Run ansible-vault and create a new vault password:

    Example

    [admin@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-vault encrypt_string --stdin-name 'ceph_docker_registry_password_vault'
    New Vault password:

  4. Re-enter the vault password to confirm it:

    Example

    [admin@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-vault encrypt_string --stdin-name 'ceph_docker_registry_password_vault'
    New Vault password:
    Confirm New Vault password:

  5. Enter the password to encrypt, then enter CTRL+D twice to complete the entry:

    Syntax

    ansible-vault encrypt_string --stdin-name 'ceph_docker_registry_password_vault'
    New Vault password:
    Confirm New Vault password:
    Reading plaintext input from stdin. (ctrl-d to end input)
    PASSWORD

    Replace PASSWORD with the password:

    Example

    [admin@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-vault encrypt_string --stdin-name 'ceph_docker_registry_password_vault'
    New Vault password:
    Confirm New Vault password:
    Reading plaintext input from stdin. (ctrl-d to end input)
    SecurePassword

    Do not hit enter after typing the password or it will include a new-line as a part of the password in the encrypted string.

  6. Take note of the output that begins with ceph_docker_registry_password_vault: !vault | and ends with a few lines of numbers, as it will be used in the next step:

    Example

    [admin@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-vault encrypt_string --stdin-name 'ceph_docker_registry_password_vault'
    New Vault password:
    Confirm New Vault password:
    Reading plaintext input from stdin. (ctrl-d to end input)
    SecurePasswordceph_docker_registry_password_vault: !vault |
              $ANSIBLE_VAULT;1.1;AES256
              38383639646166656130326666633262643836343930373836376331326437353032376165306234
              3161386334616632653530383231316631636462363761660a373338373334663434363865356633
              66383963323033303662333765383938353630623433346565363534636434643634336430643438
              6134306662646365370a343135316633303830653565633736303466636261326361333766613462
              39353365343137323163343937636464663534383234326531666139376561663532
    Encryption successful

    The output you need begins immediately after the password, without spaces or new lines.

  7. Open for editing group_vars/all.yml and paste the output from above into the file:

    Example

    ceph_docker_registry_password_vault: !vault |
              $ANSIBLE_VAULT;1.1;AES256
              38383639646166656130326666633262643836343930373836376331326437353032376165306234
              3161386334616632653530383231316631636462363761660a373338373334663434363865356633
              66383963323033303662333765383938353630623433346565363534636434643634336430643438
              6134306662646365370a343135316633303830653565633736303466636261326361333766613462
              39353365343137323163343937636464663534383234326531666139376561663532

  8. Add a line below the encrypted password with the following:

    Example

    ceph_docker_registry_password: "{{ ceph_docker_registry_password_vault }}"

    Note

    Using two variables as seen above is required due to a bug in Ansible that breaks the string type when assigning the vault value directly to the Ansible variable.

  9. Configure Ansible to ask for the vault password when running ansible-playbook.

    1. Open for editing /usr/share/ceph-ansible/ansible.cfg and add the following line in the [defaults] section:

      ask_vault_pass = True
    2. Optionally, you can pass --ask-vault-pass every time you run ansible-playbook:

      Example

      [admin@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -v site.yml --ask-vault-pass

  10. Re-run site.yml or site-container.yml to ensure there are no errors related to the encrypted password.

    Example

    [admin@admin ceph-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -v site.yml -i hosts --ask-vault-pass

    The -i hosts option is only needed if you are not using the default Ansible inventory location of /etc/ansible/hosts.

Additional Resources

Appendix I. General Ansible settings

These are the most common configurable Ansible parameters. There are two sets of parameters depending on the deployment method, either bare-metal or containers.

Note

This is not an exhaustive list of all the available Ansible parameters.

Bare-metal and Containers Settings

monitor_interface

The interface that the Ceph Monitor nodes listen on.

Value
User-defined
Required
Yes
Notes
Assigning a value to at least one of the monitor_* parameters is required.
monitor_address

The address that the Ceph Monitor nodes listen too.

Value
User-defined
Required
Yes
Notes
Assigning a value to at least one of the monitor_* parameters is required.
monitor_address_block

The subnet of the Ceph public network.

Value
User-defined
Required
Yes
Notes
Use when the IP addresses of the nodes are unknown, but the subnet is known. Assigning a value to at least one of the monitor_* parameters is required.
ip_version
Value
ipv6
Required
Yes, if using IPv6 addressing.
public_network

The IP address and netmask of the Ceph public network, or the corresponding IPv6 address, if using IPv6.

Value
User-defined
Required
Yes
Notes
For more information, see Verifying the Network Configuration for Red Hat Ceph Storage.
cluster_network

The IP address and netmask of the Ceph cluster network, or the corresponding IPv6 address, if using IPv6.

Value
User-defined
Required
No
Notes
For more information, see Verifying the Network Configuration for Red Hat Ceph Storage.
configure_firewall

Ansible will try to configure the appropriate firewall rules.

Value
true or false
Required
No

Bare-metal-specific Settings

ceph_origin
Value
repository or distro or local
Required
Yes
Notes
The repository value means Ceph will be installed through a new repository. The distro value means that no separate repository file will be added, and you will get whatever version of Ceph that is included with the Linux distribution. The local value means the Ceph binaries will be copied from the local machine.
ceph_repository_type
Value
cdn or iso
Required
Yes
ceph_rhcs_version
Value
4
Required
Yes
ceph_rhcs_iso_path

The full path to the ISO image.

Value
User-defined
Required
Yes, if ceph_repository_type is set to iso.

Container-specific Settings

ceph_docker_image
Value
rhceph/rhceph-4-rhel8, or cephimageinlocalreg, if using a local Docker registry.
Required
Yes
ceph_docker_image_tag
Value
The latest version of rhceph/rhceph-4-rhel8 or the customtag given during the local registry configuration.
Required
Yes
containerized_deployment
Value
true
Required
Yes
ceph_docker_registry
Value
registry.redhat.io, or LOCAL_FQDN_NODE_NAME, if using a local Docker registry.
Required
Yes

Appendix J. OSD Ansible settings

These are the most common configurable OSD Ansible parameters.

osd_auto_discovery

Automatically find empty devices to use as OSDs.

Value
false
Required
No
Notes
Cannot be used with devices. Cannot be used with purge-docker-cluster.yml or purge-cluster.yml. To use those playbooks, comment out osd_auto_discovery and declare the OSD devices using devices.
devices

List of devices where Ceph’s data is stored.

Value
User-defined
Required
Yes, if specifying a list of devices.
Notes
Cannot be used when osd_auto_discovery setting is used. When using the devices option, ceph-volume lvm batch mode creates the optimized OSD configuration.
dmcrypt

To encrypt the OSDs.

Value
true
Required
No
Notes
The default value is false.
lvm_volumes

A list of FileStore or BlueStore dictionaries.

Value
User-defined
Required
Yes, if storage devices are not defined using the devices parameter.
Notes
Each dictionary must contain a data, journal and data_vg keys. Any logical volume or volume group must be the name and not the full path. The data, and journal keys can be a logical volume (LV) or partition, but do not use one journal for multiple data LVs. The data_vg key must be the volume group containing the data LV. Optionally, the journal_vg key can be used to specify the volume group containing the journal LV, if applicable.
osds_per_device

The number of OSDs to create per device.

Value
User-defined
Required
No
Notes
The default value is 1.
osd_objectstore

The Ceph object store type for the OSDs.

Value
bluestore or filestore
Required
No
Notes
The default value is bluestore. Required for upgrades.

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