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Securing applications and management interfaces using an identity store

Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0

Guide to securing JBoss EAP management interfaces and deployed applications by using an identity store such as the filesystem, a database, Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), or a custom identity store

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Abstract

Guide to securing JBoss EAP management interfaces and deployed applications by using an identity store such as the filesystem, a database, Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), or a custom identity store.

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Chapter 1. Configuring identity stores
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1.1. Creating a filesystem-realm
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1.1.1. Filesystem realm in Elytron
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With a filesystem security realm, filesystem-realm, you can use a filesystem-based identity store in Elytron to store user credentials and attributes. Elytron stores each identity along with the associated credentials and attributes in an XML file in the filesystem. The name of the XML file is the name of the identity. You can associate multiple credentials and attributes with each identity.

By default, identities are stored in the filesystem as follows:

  • Elytron applies two levels of directory hashing to the directory structure where an identity is stored. For example, an identity named "user1" is stored at the location u/s/user1.xml.

    This is done to overcome the limit set by some filesystems on the number of files you can store in a single directory and for performance reasons.

    Use the levels attribute to configure the number of levels of directory hashing to apply.

  • The identity names are Base32 encoded before they are used as filenames. This is done because some filesystems are case-insensitive or might restrict the set of characters allowed in a filename.

    You can turn off the encoding by setting the attribute encoded to false.

For information about other attributes and their default values, see filesystem-realm attributes.

Encryption

The filesystem-realm uses Base64 encoding for clear passwords, hashed passwords, and attributes when storing an identity in an identity file. For added security, you can encrypt the clear passwords, hashed passwords, and attributes using a secret key stored in a credential store. The secret key is used both for encrypting and decrypting the passwords and attributes.

Integrity check

To ensure that the identities created with a filesystem-realm are not tampered with, you can enable integrity checking on the filesystem-realm by referencing a key pair in the filesystem-realm during creation.

Integrity checking works in filesystem-realm as follows:

  • When you create an identity in the filesystem-realm with integrity checking enabled, Elytron creates the identity file and generates a signature for it.
  • Whenever the identity file is read, for example when updating the identity or loading the identity for authentication, Elytron verifies the identity file contents against the signature to ensure the file has not been tampered with since the last authorized write.

  • When you update an existing identity that has an associated signature, Elytron updates the content and generates a new signature after the original content passes verification.

    If the verification fails, you get the following failure message: 

    {
    "outcome" => "failed",
    "failure-description" => "WFLYCTL0158: Operation handler failed:java.lang.RuntimeException: WFLYELY01008: Failed to obtain the authorization identity.",
    "rolled-back" => true
}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

1.1.2. Creating a filesystem-realm in Elytron
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Create a filesystem-realm and a security domain that references the realm to secure the JBoss EAP server interfaces or the applications deployed on the server.

Prerequisites

  • JBoss EAP is running.

Procedure

  1. Create a filesystem-realm in Elytron.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=<filesystem_realm_name>:add(path=<file_path>)
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    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=exampleSecurityRealm:add(path=fs-realm-users,relative-to=jboss.server.config.dir)
{"outcome" => "success"}
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  2. Add a user to the realm and configure the user’s role.

    1. Add a user.

      Syntax

      /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=<filesystem_realm_name>:add-identity(identity=<user_name>)
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      Example

      /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=exampleSecurityRealm:add-identity(identity=user1)
{"outcome" => "success"}
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    2. Set a password for the user.

      Syntax

      /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=<filesystem_realm_name>:set-password(identity=<user_name>, clear={password=<password>})
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      Example

      /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=exampleSecurityRealm:set-password(identity=user1, clear={password="passwordUser1"})
{"outcome" => "success"}
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    3. Set roles for the user.

      Syntax

      /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=<filesystem_realm_name>:add-identity-attribute(identity=<user_name>, name=<roles_attribute_name>, value=[<role_1>,<role_N>])
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      Example

      /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=exampleSecurityRealm:add-identity-attribute(identity=user1, name=Roles, value=["Admin","Guest"])
{"outcome" => "success"}
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  3. Create a security domain that references the filesystem-realm.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=<security_domain_name>:add(default-realm=<filesystem_realm_name>,permission-mapper=default-permission-mapper,realms=[{realm=<filesystem_realm_name>,role-decoder="<role_decoder_name>"}])
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    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=exampleSecurityDomain:add(default-realm=exampleSecurityRealm,permission-mapper=default-permission-mapper,realms=[{realm=exampleSecurityRealm}])
{"outcome" => "success"}
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Verification

  • To verify that Elytron can load an identity from the filesystem-realm, use the following command:

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=<security_domain_name>:read-identity(name=<username>)
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    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=exampleSecurityDomain:read-identity(name=user1)
{
    "outcome" => "success",
    "result" => {
        "name" => "user1",
        "attributes" => {"Roles" => [
            "Admin",
            "Guest"
        ]},
        "roles" => [
            "Guest",
            "Admin"
        ]
    }
}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You now can use the created security domain to add authentication and authorization to management interfaces and applications. For more information, see Securing management interfaces and applications.

Create an encrypted filesystem-realm to secure JBoss EAP applications or server interfaces and ensure that the user credentials are encrypted and therefore secure.

Create a secret-key-credential-store using the management CLI. When you create a secret-key-credential-store, JBoss EAP generates a secret key by default. The name of the generated key is key and its size is 256-bit.

Prerequisites

  • JBoss EAP is running.
  • You have provided at least read/write access to the directory containing the secret-key-credential-store for the user account under which JBoss EAP is running.

Procedure

  • Use the following command to create a secret-key-credential-store using the management CLI:

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/secret-key-credential-store=<name_of_credential_store>:add(path="<path_to_the_credential_store>", relative-to=<path_to_store_file>)
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    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/secret-key-credential-store=examplePropertiesCredentialStore:add(path=examplePropertiesCredentialStore.cs, relative-to=jboss.server.config.dir)
{"outcome" => "success"}
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1.1.3.2. Creating an encrypted filesystem-realm
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Create an encrypted filesystem-realm and a security domain that references the realm to secure the JBoss EAP server interfaces or the applications deployed on the server.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Create an encrypted filesystem-realm in Elytron.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=<filesystem_realm_name>:add(path=<file_path>,credential-store=<name_of_credential_store>,secret-key=<key>)
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    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=exampleSecurityRealm:add(path=fs-realm-users,relative-to=jboss.server.config.dir, credential-store=examplePropertiesCredentialStore, secret-key=key)
{"outcome" => "success"}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Add a user to the realm and configure the user’s role.

    1. Add a user.

      Syntax

      /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=<filesystem_realm_name>:add-identity(identity=<user_name>)
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example

      /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=exampleSecurityRealm:add-identity(identity=user1)
{"outcome" => "success"}
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    2. Set a password for the user.

      Syntax

      /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=<filesystem_realm_name>:set-password(identity=<user_name>, clear={password=<password>})
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example

      /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=exampleSecurityRealm:set-password(identity=user1, clear={password="passwordUser1"})
{"outcome" => "success"}
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    3. Set roles for the user.

      Syntax

      /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=<filesystem_realm_name>:add-identity-attribute(identity=<user_name>, name=<roles_attribute_name>, value=[<role_1>,<role_N>])
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example

      /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=exampleSecurityRealm:add-identity-attribute(identity=user1, name=Roles, value=["Admin","Guest"])
{"outcome" => "success"}
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Create a security domain that references the filesystem-realm.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=<security_domain_name>:add(default-realm=<filesystem_realm_name>,permission-mapper=default-permission-mapper,realms=[{realm=<filesystem_realm_name>,role-decoder="<role_decoder_name>"}])
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    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=exampleSecurityDomain:add(default-realm=exampleSecurityRealm,permission-mapper=default-permission-mapper,realms=[{realm=exampleSecurityRealm}])
{"outcome" => "success"}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Verification

  • To verify that Elytron can load an identity from the encrypted filesystem-realm, use the following command:

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=<security_domain_name>:read-identity(name=<username>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=exampleSecurityDomain:read-identity(name=user1)
{
    "outcome" => "success",
    "result" => {
        "name" => "user1",
        "attributes" => {"Roles" => [
            "Admin",
            "Guest"
        ]},
        "roles" => [
            "Guest",
            "Admin"
        ]
    }
}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You can now use the created security domain to add authentication and authorization to management interfaces and applications.

Create a filesystem-realm with integrity support to secure JBoss EAP applications or server interfaces and ensure that the user credentials are not tampered with.

Create a key store with a key pair in Elytron.

Prerequisites

  • JBoss EAP is running.

Procedure

  1. Create a key store.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/key-store=<key_store_name>:add(path=<path_to_key_store_file>,credential-reference={<password>})
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    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/key-store=exampleKeystore:add(path=keystore, relative-to=jboss.server.config.dir, type=JKS, credential-reference={clear-text=secret})
{"outcome" => "success"}
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  2. Create a key pair in the key store.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/key-store=<key_store_name>:generate-key-pair(alias=<alias>,algorithm=<key_algorithm>,key-size=<size_of_key>,validity=<validity_in_days>,distinguished-name="<distinguished_name>")
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    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/key-store=exampleKeystore:generate-key-pair(alias=localhost,algorithm=RSA,key-size=1024,validity=365,distinguished-name="CN=localhost")
{"outcome" => "success"}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Persist the key pair to the key store file.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/key-store=<key_store_name>:store()
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    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/key-store=exampleKeystore:store()
{
    "outcome" => "success",
    "result" => undefined
}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Create a filesystem-realm with integrity support and a security domain that references the realm to secure the JBoss EAP server interfaces or the applications deployed on the server.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Create filesystem-realm in Elytron.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=<filesystem_realm_name>:add(path=<file_path>,key-store=<key_store_name>,key-store-alias=<key_store_alias>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=exampleSecurityRealm:add(path=fs-realm-users,relative-to=jboss.server.config.dir, key-store=exampleKeystore, key-store-alias=localhost)
{"outcome" => "success"}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Add a user to the realm and configure the user’s role.

    1. Add a user.

      Syntax

      /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=<filesystem_realm_name>:add-identity(identity=<user_name>)
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example

      /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=exampleSecurityRealm:add-identity(identity=user1)
{"outcome" => "success"}
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    2. Set a password for the user.

      Syntax

      /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=<filesystem_realm_name>:set-password(identity=<user_name>, clear={password=<password>})
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example

      /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=exampleSecurityRealm:set-password(identity=user1, clear={password="passwordUser1"})
{"outcome" => "success"}
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    3. Set roles for the user.

      Syntax

      /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=<filesystem_realm_name>:add-identity-attribute(identity=<user_name>, name=<roles_attribute_name>, value=[<role_1>,<role_N>])
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example

      /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=exampleSecurityRealm:add-identity-attribute(identity=user1, name=Roles, value=["Admin","Guest"])
{"outcome" => "success"}
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Create a security domain that references the filesystem-realm.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=<security_domain_name>:add(default-realm=<filesystem_realm_name>,permission-mapper=default-permission-mapper,realms=[{realm=<filesystem_realm_name>,role-decoder="<role_decoder_name>"}])
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=exampleSecurityDomain:add(default-realm=exampleSecurityRealm,permission-mapper=default-permission-mapper,realms=[{realm=exampleSecurityRealm}])
{"outcome" => "success"}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Verification

  • To verify that Elytron can load an identity from the filesystem-realm, use the following command:

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=<security_domain_name>:read-identity(name=<username>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=exampleSecurityDomain:read-identity(name=user1)
{
    "outcome" => "success",
    "result" => {
        "name" => "user1",
        "attributes" => {"Roles" => [
            "Admin",
            "Guest"
        ]},
        "roles" => [
            "Guest",
            "Admin"
        ]
    }
}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You now can use the created security domain to add authentication and authorization to management interfaces and applications. For more information, see Securing management interfaces and applications.

You can update the key pair referenced in a filesystem-realm with integrity support enabled in the case that the existing key was compromised. Also, it is a good practice to rotate keys.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Create a key pair in the existing key store.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/key-store=<key_store_name>:generate-key-pair(alias=<alias>,algorithm=<key_algorithm>,key-size=<size_of_key>,validity=<validity_in_days>,distinguished-name="<distinguished_name>")
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/key-store=exampleKeystore:generate-key-pair(alias=localhost2,algorithm=RSA,key-size=1024,validity=365,distinguished-name="CN=localhost")
{"outcome" => "success"}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Persist the key pair to the key store file.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/key-store=<key_store_name>:store()
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    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/key-store=exampleKeystore:store()
{
    "outcome" => "success",
    "result" => undefined
}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Update the key store alias to reference a new key pair.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=<filesystem_realm_name>:write-attribute(name=key-store-alias, value=<key_store_alias>)
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    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=exampleSecurityRealm:write-attribute(name=key-store-alias, value=localhost2)
{
    "outcome" => "success",
    "response-headers" => {
        "operation-requires-reload" => true,
        "process-state" => "reload-required"
    }
}
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  4. Reload the server. 

    reload
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  5. Use the new key pair to update the files in filesystem-realm with new signatures.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=<filesystem_realm_name>:update-key-pair()
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    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=exampleSecurityRealm:update-key-pair()
{"outcome" => "success"}
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Verification

  • Verify that the key pair referenced in the filesystem-realm has been updated using the following management CLI command:

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=<filesystem_realm_name>:read-resource()
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    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=exampleSecurityRealm:read-resource()
{
    "outcome" => "success",
    "result" => {
        "credential-store" => undefined,
        "encoded" => true,
        "hash-charset" => "UTF-8",
        "hash-encoding" => "base64",
        "key-store" => "exampleKeystoreFSRealm",
        "key-store-alias" => "localhost2",
        "levels" => 2,
        "secret-key" => undefined,
        "path" => "fs-realm-users",
        "relative-to" => "jboss.server.config.dir"
    }
}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

The key pair referenced in the filesystem-realm has been updated.

1.1.5. Encrypting an unencrypted filesystem-realm
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If you have a filesystem-realm configured in Elytron, you can add encryption to it using the WildFly Elytron Tool.

Create a secret-key-credential-store using the management CLI. When you create a secret-key-credential-store, JBoss EAP generates a secret key by default. The name of the generated key is key and its size is 256-bit.

Prerequisites

  • JBoss EAP is running.
  • You have provided at least read/write access to the directory containing the secret-key-credential-store for the user account under which JBoss EAP is running.

Procedure

  • Use the following command to create a secret-key-credential-store using the management CLI:

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/secret-key-credential-store=<name_of_credential_store>:add(path="<path_to_the_credential_store>", relative-to=<path_to_store_file>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/secret-key-credential-store=examplePropertiesCredentialStore:add(path=examplePropertiesCredentialStore.cs, relative-to=jboss.server.config.dir)
{"outcome" => "success"}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You can convert an unencrypted filesystem-realm into an encrypted one by using the WildFly Elytron tool filesystem-realm-encrypt command.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Convert an unencrypted filesystem-realm into an encrypted one.

    Syntax

    $ JBOSS_HOME/bin/elytron-tool.sh filesystem-realm-encrypt --input-location <existing_filesystem_realm_name> --output-location JBOSS_HOME/standalone/configuration/<target_filesystem_realm_name> --credential-store <path_to_credential_store>/<credential_store>
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    Example

    $ JBOSS_HOME/bin/elytron-tool.sh filesystem-realm-encrypt --input-location JBOSS_HOME/standalone/configuration/fs-realm-users --output-location JBOSS_HOME/standalone/configuration/fs-realm-users-enc --credential-store JBOSS_HOME/standalone/configuration/examplePropertiesCredentialStore.cs

Creating encrypted realm for: JBOSS_HOME/standalone/configuration/fs-realm-users
Found credential store and alias, using pre-existing key
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    The WildFly Elytron command filesystem-realm-encrypt creates a filesystem-realm specified with the --output-location argument. It also creates a CLI script at the root of the filesystem-realm that you can use to add the filesystem-realm resource in the elytron subsystem.

    Tip

    Use the --summary option to see a summary of the command execution.

  2. Use the generated CLI script to add the filesystem-realm resource in the elytron subsystem.

    Synax

    $ JBOSS_HOME/bin/jboss-cli.sh --connect --file=<target_filesystem_realm_directory>/<target_filesystem_realm_name>.cli
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    Example

    $ JBOSS_HOME/bin/jboss-cli.sh --connect --file=JBOSS_HOME/standalone/configuration/fs-realm-users-enc/encrypted-filesystem-realm.cli
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You can use the encrypted filesystem-realm to create a security domain that references the realm to secure the JBoss EAP server interfaces or the applications deployed on the server.

If you have a filesystem-realm configured in Elytron, you can sign it with a key pair by using the WildFly Elytron Tool to enable integrity checks.

Create a key store with a key pair in Elytron.

Prerequisites

  • JBoss EAP is running.

Procedure

  1. Create a key store.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/key-store=<key_store_name>:add(path=<path_to_key_store_file>,credential-reference={<password>})
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/key-store=exampleKeystore:add(path=keystore, relative-to=jboss.server.config.dir, type=JKS, credential-reference={clear-text=secret})
{"outcome" => "success"}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Create a key pair in the key store.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/key-store=<key_store_name>:generate-key-pair(alias=<alias>,algorithm=<key_algorithm>,key-size=<size_of_key>,validity=<validity_in_days>,distinguished-name="<distinguished_name>")
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/key-store=exampleKeystore:generate-key-pair(alias=localhost,algorithm=RSA,key-size=1024,validity=365,distinguished-name="CN=localhost")
{"outcome" => "success"}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Persist the key pair to the key store file.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/key-store=<key_store_name>:store()
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/key-store=exampleKeystore:store()
{
    "outcome" => "success",
    "result" => undefined
}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You can create a filesystem-realm with integrity checks from an existing non-empty filesystem-realm by using the WildFly Elytron tool filesystem-realm-integrity command.

You can use the filesystem-realm-integrity command for the following use cases:

  • Creating a new filesystem-realm with integrity checks from an existing filesystem-realm.
  • Adding integrity checks to an existing filesystem-realm.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Create a filesystem-realm with integrity support by using an existing filesystem-realm and signing it with a key pair.

    To add integrity support to the existing filesystem-realm, omit the --output-location and --realm-name options in the following command. If you specify the --output-location and --realm-name options, the command creates a new filesystem-realm with integrity checks without updating the existing one.

    Syntax

    $ JBOSS_HOME/bin/elytron-tool.sh filesystem-realm-integrity  --input-location <path_to_existing_filesystem_realm> --keystore <path_to_key_store_file> --password <keystore_password> --key-pair <key_pair_alias> --output-location <path_for_new_filesystem_realm> --realm-name <name_of_new_filesystem_realm>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    $ JBOSS_HOME/bin/elytron-tool.sh filesystem-realm-integrity --input-location JBOSS_HOME/standalone/configuration/fs-realm-users/ --keystore JBOSS_HOME/standalone/configuration/keystore --password secret --key-pair localhost --output-location JBOSS_HOME/standalone/configuration/fs-realm-users --realm-name exampleRealmWithIntegrity
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Exmaple output

    Creating filesystem realm with integrity verification for: JBOSS_HOME/standalone/configuration/fs-realm-users
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    The WildFly Elytron command filesystem-realm-integrity creates a filesystem-realm specified with the --output-location argument. It also creates a CLI script at the root of the filesystem-realm that you can use to add the filesystem-realm resource in the elytron subsystem.

    Tip

    Use the --summary option to see a summary of the command execution.

  2. Use the generated CLI script to add the filesystem-realm resource in the elytron subsystem.

    Syntax

    $ JBOSS_HOME/bin/jboss-cli.sh --connect --file=<target_filesystem_realm_directory>/<target_filesystem_realm_name>.cli
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    $ JBOSS_HOME/bin/jboss-cli.sh --connect --file=JBOSS_HOME/standalone/configuration/fs-realm-users/exampleRealmWithIntegrity.cli
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You can use the filesystem-realm to create a security domain that references the realm to secure the JBoss EAP server interfaces or the applications deployed on the server.

1.2. Creating a JDBC realm
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1.2.1. Creating a jdbc-realm in Elytron
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Create a jdbc-realm and a security domain that references the realm to secure the JBoss EAP server interfaces or the applications deployed on the server.

The examples in the procedure use a PostgreSQL database which is configured as follows:

  • Database name: postgresdb

  • Database login credentials:

    • username: postgres
    • password: postgres
  • Table name: example_jboss_eap_users

  • example_jboss_eap_users contents:

    Expand
    usernamepasswordroles

    user1

    passwordUser1

    Admin

    user2

    passwordUser2

    Guest

Prerequisites

  • You have configured the database containing the users.
  • JBoss EAP is running.
  • You have downloaded the appropriate JDBC driver.

Procedure

  1. Deploy the database driver for the database using the management CLI.

    Syntax

    deploy <path_to_jdbc_driver>/<jdbc-driver>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    deploy PATH_TO_JDBC_DRIVER/postgresql-42.2.9.jar
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Configure the database as the data source.

    Syntax

    data-source add --name=<data_source_name> --jndi-name=<jndi_name> --driver-name=<jdbc-driver>  --connection-url=<database_URL> --user-name=<database_username> --password=<database_username>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    data-source add --name=examplePostgresDS --jndi-name=java:jboss/examplePostgresDS --driver-name=postgresql-42.2.9.jar  --connection-url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/postgresdb --user-name=postgres --password=postgres
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Create a jdbc-realm in Elytron.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/jdbc-realm=<jdbc_realm_name>:add(principal-query=[<sql_query_to_load_users>])
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/jdbc-realm=exampleSecurityRealm:add(principal-query=[{sql="SELECT password,roles FROM example_jboss_eap_users WHERE username=?",data-source=examplePostgresDS,clear-password-mapper={password-index=1},attribute-mapping=[{index=2,to=Roles}]}])
{"outcome" => "success"}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Note

    The example shows how to obtain passwords and roles from a single principal-query. You can also create additional principal-query with attribute-mapping attributes if you require multiple queries to obtain roles or additional authentication or authorization information.

    For a list of supported password mappers, see Password Mappers.

  4. Create a security domain that references the jdbc-realm.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=<security_domain_name>:add(default-realm=<jdbc_realm_name>,permission-mapper=default-permission-mapper,realms=[{realm=< jdbc_realm_name>,role-decoder="<role_decoder_name>"}])
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=exampleSecurityDomain:add(default-realm=exampleSecurityRealm,permission-mapper=default-permission-mapper,realms=[{realm=exampleSecurityRealm}])
{"outcome" => "success"}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Verification

  • To verify that Elytron can load data from the database, use the following command:

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=<security_domain_name>:read-identity(name=<username>)
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    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=exampleSecurityDomain:read-identity(name=user1)
{
    "outcome" => "success",
    "result" => {
        "name" => "user1",
        "attributes" => {"Roles" => ["Admin"]},
        "roles" => ["Admin"]
    }
}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    The output confirms that Elytron can load data from the database.

You now can use the created security domain to add authentication and authorization to management interfaces and applications. For more information, see Securing management interfaces and applications.

1.3. Creating an LDAP realm
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1.3.1. LDAP realm in Elytron
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The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) realm, ldap-realm, in Elytron is a security realm that you can use to load identities from an LDAP identity store.

The following example illustrates how an identity in LDAP is mapped with an Elytron identity in JBoss EAP.

Example LDAP Data Interchange Format (LDIF) file

dn: ou=Users,dc=wildfly,dc=org
objectClass: organizationalUnit
objectClass: top
ou: Users

dn: uid=user1,ou=Users,dc=wildfly,dc=org
objectClass: top
objectClass: person
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
cn: user1
sn: user1
uid: user1
userPassword: userPassword1

dn: ou=Roles,dc=wildfly,dc=org
objectclass: top
objectclass: organizationalUnit
ou: Roles

dn: cn=Admin,ou=Roles,dc=wildfly,dc=org
objectClass: top
objectClass: groupOfNames
cn: Admin
member: uid=user1,ou=Users,dc=wildfly,dc=org
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Example commands to create an LDAP realm

/subsystem=elytron/dir-context=exampleDirContext:add(url="ldap://10.88.0.2",principal="cn=admin,dc=wildfly,dc=org",credential-reference={clear-text="secret"})

/subsystem=elytron/ldap-realm=exampleSecurityRealm:add(dir-context=exampleDirContext,identity-mapping={search-base-dn="ou=Users,dc=wildfly,dc=org",rdn-identifier="uid",user-password-mapper={from="userPassword"},attribute-mapping=[{filter-base-dn="ou=Roles,dc=wildfly,dc=org",filter="(&(objectClass=groupOfNames)(member={1}))",from="cn",to="Roles"}]})
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The commands result in the following configuration: 

<ldap-realm name="exampleLDAPRealm" dir-context="exampleDirContext">
1 

    <identity-mapping rdn-identifier="uid" search-base-dn="ou=Users,dc=wildfly,dc=org">
2 

        <attribute-mapping>
3 

            <attribute from="cn" to="Roles" filter="(&amp;(objectClass=groupOfNames)(member={1}))" filter-base-dn="ou=Roles,dc=wildfly,dc=org"/>
4 

        </attribute-mapping>
        <user-password-mapper from="userPassword"/>
5 

    </identity-mapping>
</ldap-realm>
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1
The realm definition.
  • name is the ldap-realm realm name.
  • dir-context is the configuration to connect to an LDAP server.
2
Define how identity is mapped.

  • rdn-identifier is relative distinguished name (RDN) of the principal’s distinguished name (DN) to use to obtain the principal’s name from an LDAP entry. In the example LDIF, uid is configured to represent the principal’s name from the base DN=ou=Users,dc=wildfly,dc=org.

    search-base-dn is the base DN to search for identities. In the example LDIF, it is defined as dn: ou=Users,dc=wildfly,dc=org.

3
Define the LDAP attributes to the identity’s attributes mappings.
4
Configure how to map a specific LDAP attribute as an Elytron identity attribute.
  • from is the LDAP attribute to map. If it is not defined, the DN of the entry is used.
  • to is the name of the identity’s attribute mapped from LDAP attribute. If not provided, the name of the attribute is the same as the one defined in from. If from is also not defined, the DN of the entry is used.

  • filter is a filter to use to obtain the values for a specific attribute. String '{0}' is replaced by the username, '{1}' by user identity DN.

    • objectClass is the LDAP object class to use. In the example LDIF, the object class to use is defined as groupOfNames.
    • member is the member to map. {0} is replaced by user name, and {1} by user identity DN. In this example, {1} is used to map member to user1.

  • filter-base-dn is the name of the context where the filter should be applied.

    The result of the example filter is that the user user1 is mapped with the Admin role.

5
user-password-mapper defines the LDAP attribute from which an identity’s password is obtained. In the example it is configured as userPassword, which is defined in the LDIF as userPassword1.

1.3.2. Creating an ldap-realm in Elytron
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Create an Elytron security realm backed by a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) identity store. Use the security realm to create a security domain to add authentication and authorization to management interfaces or the applications deployed on the server.

Note

ldap-realm configured as caching realm does not support Active Directory. For more information, see Changing LDAP/AD User Password via JBossEAP CLI for Elytron.

Important

In cases where the elytron subsystem uses an LDAP server to perform authentication, JBoss EAP will return a 500 error code, or internal server error, if that LDAP server is unreachable.

To ensure that the management interfaces and applications secured using an LDAP realm can be accessed even if the LDAP server becomes available, use a failover realm. For information see Creating a failover realm.

For the examples in this procedure, the following LDAP Data Interchange Format (LDIF) is used: 

dn: ou=Users,dc=wildfly,dc=org
objectClass: organizationalUnit
objectClass: top
ou: Users

dn: uid=user1,ou=Users,dc=wildfly,dc=org
objectClass: top
objectClass: person
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
cn: user1
sn: user1
uid: user1
userPassword: userPassword1

dn: ou=Roles,dc=wildfly,dc=org
objectclass: top
objectclass: organizationalUnit
ou: Roles

dn: cn=Admin,ou=Roles,dc=wildfly,dc=org
objectClass: top
objectClass: groupOfNames
cn: Admin
member: uid=user1,ou=Users,dc=wildfly,dc=org
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

The LDAP connection parameters used for the example are as follows:

  • LDAP URL: ldap://10.88.0.2

  • LDAP admin password: secret

    You need this for Elytron to connect with the LDAP server.

  • LDAP admin Distinguished Name (DN): (cn=admin,dc=wildfly,dc=org)

  • LDAP organization: wildfly

    If no organization name is specified, it defaults to Example Inc.

  • LDAP domain: wildfly.org

    This is the name that is matched when the platform receives an LDAP search reference.

Prerequisites

  • You have configured an LDAP identity store.
  • JBoss EAP is running.

Procedure

  1. Configure a directory context that provides the URL and the principal used to connect to the LDAP server.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/dir-context=<dir_context_name>:add(url="<LDAP_URL>",principal="<principal_distinguished_name>",credential-reference=<credential_reference>)
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    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/dir-context=exampleDirContext:add(url="ldap://10.88.0.2",principal="cn=admin,dc=wildfly,dc=org",credential-reference={clear-text="secret"})
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  2. Create an LDAP realm that references the directory context. Specify the Search Base DN and how users are mapped.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/ldap-realm=<ldap_realm_name>add:(dir-context=<dir_context_name>,identity-mapping=search-base-dn="ou=<organization_unit>,dc=<domain_component>",rdn-identifier="<relative_distinguished_name_identifier>",user-password-mapper={from=<password_attribute_name>},attribute-mapping=[{filter-base-dn="ou=<organization_unit>,dc=<domain_component>",filter="<ldap_filter>",from="<ldap_attribute_name>",to="<identity_attribute_name>"}]})
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    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/ldap-realm=exampleSecurityRealm:add(dir-context=exampleDirContext,identity-mapping={search-base-dn="ou=Users,dc=wildfly,dc=org",rdn-identifier="uid",user-password-mapper={from="userPassword"},attribute-mapping=[{filter-base-dn="ou=Roles,dc=wildfly,dc=org",filter="(&(objectClass=groupOfNames)(member={1}))",from="cn",to="Roles"}]})
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    If you store hashed passwords in the LDIF file, you can specify the following attributes:

    • hash-encoding: This attribute specifies the string format for the password if it is not stored in plain text. It is set to base64 encoding by default, but hex is also supported.
    • hash-charset: This attribute specifies the character set to use when converting the password string to a byte array. It is set to UTF-8 by default.
    Warning

    If any referenced LDAP servers contain a loop in referrals, it can result in a java.lang.OutOfMemoryError error in JBoss EAP.

  3. Create a role decoder to map attributes to roles.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/simple-role-decoder=<role_decoder_name>:add(attribute=<attribute>)
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    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/simple-role-decoder=from-roles-attribute:add(attribute=Roles)
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  4. Create a security domain that references the LDAP realm and the role decoder.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=<security_domain_name>:add(realms=[{realm=<ldap_realm_name>,role-decoder=<role_decoder_name>}],default-realm=<ldap_realm_name>,permission-mapper=<permission_mapper>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=exampleSecurityDomain:add(realms=[{realm=exampleSecurityRealm,role-decoder=from-roles-attribute}],default-realm=exampleSecurityRealm,permission-mapper=default-permission-mapper)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You now can use the created security domain to add authentication and authorization to management interfaces and applications. For more information, see Securing management interfaces and applications.

1.4. Creating a properties realm
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Create a properties-realm and a security domain that references the realm to secure your JBoss EAP management interfaces or the applications that you deployed on the server.

Prerequisites

  • JBoss EAP is running.

  • You have an authorized user and an existing legacy properties file with the correct realm written in the commented out line in the users.properties file:

    Example $EAP_HOME/standalone/configuration/my-example-users.properties

     #$REALM_NAME=exampleSecurityRealm$
 user1=078ed9776d4b8e63b6e51135ec45cc75
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    • The password for user1 is userPassword1. The password is hashed to the file as HEX( MD5( user1:exampleSecurityRealm:userPassword1 )).

  • The authorized user listed in your users.properties file has a role in the groups.properties file:

    Example $EAP_HOME/standalone/configuration/my-example-groups.properties

    user1=Admin
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Procedure

  1. Create a properties-realm in Elytron.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/properties-realm=<properties_realm_name>:add(users-properties={path=<file_path>},groups-properties={path=<file_path>})
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/properties-realm=exampleSecurityRealm:add(users-properties={path=my-example-users.properties,relative-to=jboss.server.config.dir,plain-text=true},groups-properties={path=my-example-groups.properties,relative-to=jboss.server.config.dir})
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Create a security domain that references the properties-realm.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=<security_domain_name>:add(default-realm=<properties_realm_name>,permission-mapper=default-permission-mapper,realms=[{realm=<properties_realm_name>,role-decoder="<role_decoder_name>"}])
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=exampleSecurityDomain:add(default-realm=exampleSecurityRealm,permission-mapper=default-permission-mapper,realms=[{realm=exampleSecurityRealm,role-decoder=groups-to-roles}])
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Verification

  • To verify that Elytron can load data from the properties file, use the following command:

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=<security_domain_name>:read-identity(name=<username>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=exampleSecurityDomain:read-identity(name=user1)
{
    "outcome" => "success",
    "result" => {
        "name" => "user1",
        "attributes" => {"Roles" => ["Admin"]},
        "roles" => ["Admin"]
    }
}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    The output confirms that Elytron can load data from the properties file.

You now can use the created security domain to add authentication and authorization to management interfaces and applications. For more information, see Securing management interfaces and applications.

1.5. Creating a custom realm
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You can use a custom-realm to create an Elytron security realm that is tailored to your use case. You can add a custom-realm when existing Elytron security realms do not suit your use case.

Prerequisites

  • JBoss EAP is installed and running.
  • Maven is installed.
  • You have an implemented custom realm java class.

Procedure

  1. Implement a custom realm java class and package it as a JAR file. 

    $ mvn package
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  2. Add a module containing your custom realm implementation.

    Syntax

    module add --name=<name_of_your_wildfly_module>
--resources=<path_to_custom_realm_jar> --dependencies=org.wildfly.security.elytron
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    module add --name=com.example.customrealm --resources=EAP_HOME/custom-realm.jar --dependencies=org.wildfly.security.elytron
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Create your custom-realm.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/custom-realm=<name_of_your_custom_realm>:add(module=<name_of_your_wildfly_module>,class-name=<class_name_of_custom_realm_>,configuration={<configuration_option_1>=<configuration_value_1>,<configuration_option_2>=<configuration_value_2>})
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/custom-realm=example-realm:add(module=com.example.customrealm,class-name=com.example.customrealm.ExampleRealm,configuration={exampleConfigOption1=exampleConfigValue1,exampleConfigOption2=exampleConfigValue2})
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Note

    This example expects that the implemented custom realm has the class name com.example.customrealm.ExampleRealm.

    Note

    You can use the configuration attribute to pass key/value configuration to the custom-realm. The configuration attribute is optional.

  4. Define a security domain based on the realm that you created.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=<your_security_domain_name>:add(realms=[{realm=<your_realm_name>}],default-realm=<your_realm_name>,permission-mapper=<your_permission_mapper_name>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=exampleSecurityDomain:add(realms=[{realm=example-realm}],default-realm=example-realm,permission-mapper=default-permission-mapper)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You now can use the created security domain to add authentication and authorization to management interfaces and applications. For more information, see Securing management interfaces and applications.

You can add authentication and authorization for management interfaces to secure them by using a security domain. To access the management interfaces after you add authentication and authorization, users must enter login credentials.

You can secure JBoss EAP management interfaces as follows:

  • Management CLI

    By configuring a sasl-authentication-factory.

  • Management console

    By configuring an http-authentication-factory.

Prerequisites

  • You have created a security domain referencing a security realm.
  • JBoss EAP is running.

Procedure

  1. Create an http-authentication-factory, or a sasl-authentication-factory.

    • Create an http-authentication-factory.

      Syntax

      /subsystem=elytron/http-authentication-factory=<authentication_factory_name>:add(http-server-mechanism-factory=global, security-domain=<security_domain_name>, mechanism-configurations=[{mechanism-name=<mechanism-name>, mechanism-realm-configurations=[{realm-name=<realm_name>}]}])
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example

      /subsystem=elytron/http-authentication-factory=exampleAuthenticationFactory:add(http-server-mechanism-factory=global, security-domain=exampleSecurityDomain, mechanism-configurations=[{mechanism-name=BASIC, mechanism-realm-configurations=[{realm-name=exampleSecurityRealm}]}])
{"outcome" => "success"}
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    • Create a sasl-authentication-factory.

      Syntax

      /subsystem=elytron/sasl-authentication-factory=<sasl_authentication_factory_name>:add(security-domain=<security_domain>,sasl-server-factory=configured,mechanism-configurations=[{mechanism-name=<mechanism-name>,mechanism-realm-configurations=[{realm-name=<realm_name>}]}])
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example

      /subsystem=elytron/sasl-authentication-factory=exampleSaslAuthenticationFactory:add(security-domain=exampleSecurityDomain,sasl-server-factory=configured,mechanism-configurations=[{mechanism-name=PLAIN,mechanism-realm-configurations=[{realm-name=exampleSecurityRealm}]}])
{"outcome" => "success"}
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Update the management interfaces.

    • Use the http-authentication-factory to secure the management console.

      Syntax

      /core-service=management/management-interface=http-interface:write-attribute(name=http-authentication-factory, value=<authentication_factory_name>)
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example

      /core-service=management/management-interface=http-interface:write-attribute(name=http-authentication-factory, value=exampleAuthenticationFactory)
{
    "outcome" => "success",
    "response-headers" => {
        "operation-requires-reload" => true,
        "process-state" => "reload-required"
    }
}
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    • Use the sasl-authentication-factory to secure the management CLI.

      Syntax

      /core-service=management/management-interface=http-interface:write-attribute(name=http-upgrade,value={enabled=true,sasl-authentication-factory=<sasl_authentication_factory>})
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example

      /core-service=management/management-interface=http-interface:write-attribute(name=http-upgrade,value={enabled=true,sasl-authentication-factory=exampleSaslAuthenticationFactory})
{
    "outcome" => "success",
    "response-headers" => {
        "operation-requires-reload" => true,
        "process-state" => "reload-required"
    }
}
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Reload the server. 

    reload
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Verification

  • To verify that the management console requires authentication and authorization, navigate to the management console at http://127.0.0.1:9990/console/index.html.

    You are prompted to enter user name and password.

  • To verify that the management CLI requires authentication and authorization, start the management CLI using the following command: 

    $ bin/jboss-cli.sh --connect
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    You are prompted to enter user name and password.

Use a security domain that references a security realm to authenticate and authorize application users. The procedures for developing an application are provided only as an example.

2.2.1. Developing a simple web application
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You can create a simple web application to follow along with the configuring security realms examples.

Note

The following procedures are provided as an example only. If you already have an application that you want to secure, you can skip these and go directly to Adding authentication and authorization to applications.

For creating a web-application, create a Maven project with the required dependencies and the directory structure.

Important

The following procedure is provided only as an example and should not be used in a production environment. For information about creating applications for JBoss EAP, see Getting started with developing applications for JBoss EAP deployment.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Set up a Maven project using the mvn command. The command creates the directory structure for the project and the pom.xml configuration file.

    Syntax

    $ mvn archetype:generate \
-DgroupId=${group-to-which-your-application-belongs} \
-DartifactId=${name-of-your-application} \
-DarchetypeGroupId=org.apache.maven.archetypes \
-DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp \
-DinteractiveMode=false
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    $ mvn archetype:generate \
-DgroupId=com.example.app \
-DartifactId=simple-webapp-example \
-DarchetypeGroupId=org.apache.maven.archetypes \
-DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp \
-DinteractiveMode=false
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Navigate to the application root directory:

    Syntax

    $ cd <name-of-your-application>
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    Example

    $ cd simple-webapp-example
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  3. Replace the content of the generated pom.xml file with the following text: 

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.example.app</groupId>
  <artifactId>simple-webapp-example</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>simple-webapp-example Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
        <version.maven.war.plugin>3.4.0</version.maven.war.plugin>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jakarta.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jakarta.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>6.0.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${version.maven.war.plugin}</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.wildfly.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>wildfly-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>4.2.2.Final</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Verification

  • In the application root directory, enter the following command: 

    $ mvn install
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    You get an output similar to the following: 

    ...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 0.795 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2022-04-28T17:39:48+05:30
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You can now create a web-application.

2.2.1.2. Creating a web application
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Create a web application containing a servlet that returns the user name obtained from the logged-in user’s principal. If there is no logged-in user, the servlet returns the text "NO AUTHENTICATED USER".

In this procedure, <application_home> refers to the directory that contains the pom.xml configuration file for the application.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Create a directory to store the Java files.

    Syntax

    $ mkdir -p src/main/java/<path_based_on_artifactID>
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    Example

    $ mkdir -p src/main/java/com/example/app
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  2. Navigate to the new directory.

    Syntax

    $ cd src/main/java/<path_based_on_artifactID>
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    Example

    $ cd src/main/java/com/example/app
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  3. Create a file SecuredServlet.java with the following content: 

    package com.example.app;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.security.Principal;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * A simple secured HTTP servlet. It returns the user name of obtained
 * from the logged-in user's Principal. If there is no logged-in user,
 * it returns the text "NO AUTHENTICATED USER".
 */

@WebServlet("/secured")
public class SecuredServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        try (PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter()) {
            writer.println("<html>");
            writer.println("  <head><title>Secured Servlet</title></head>");
            writer.println("  <body>");
            writer.println("    <h1>Secured Servlet</h1>");
            writer.println("    <p>");
            writer.print(" Current Principal '");
            Principal user = req.getUserPrincipal();
            writer.print(user != null ? user.getName() : "NO AUTHENTICATED USER");
            writer.print("'");
            writer.println("    </p>");
            writer.println("  </body>");
            writer.println("</html>");
        }
    }

}
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  4. In the application root directory, compile your application with the following command: 

    $ mvn package
...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1.015 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2022-04-28T17:48:53+05:30
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Deploy the application. 

    $ mvn wildfly:deploy
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Verification

  • In a browser, navigate to http://localhost:8080/simple-webapp-example/secured.

    You get the following message: 

    Secured Servlet
Current Principal 'NO AUTHENTICATED USER'
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    Because no authentication mechanism is added, you can access the application.

You can now secure this application by using a security domain so that only authenticated users can access it.

You can add authentication and authorization to web applications to secure them by using a security domain. To access the web applications after you add authentication and authorization, users must enter login credentials.

Prerequisites

  • You have created a security domain referencing a security realm.
  • You have deployed applications on JBoss EAP.
  • JBoss EAP is running.

Procedure

  1. Configure an application-security-domain in the undertow subsystem:

    Syntax

    /subsystem=undertow/application-security-domain=<application_security_domain_name>:add(security-domain=<security_domain_name>)
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    Example

    /subsystem=undertow/application-security-domain=exampleApplicationSecurityDomain:add(security-domain=exampleSecurityDomain)
{"outcome" => "success"}
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  2. Configure the application’s web.xml to protect the application resources.

    Syntax

    <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>

 <!-- Define the security constraints for the application resources.
      Specify the URL pattern for which a challenge is -->

 <security-constraint>
        <web-resource-collection>
            <web-resource-name><!-- Name of the resources to protect --></web-resource-name>
            <url-pattern> <!-- The URL to protect  --></url-pattern>
        </web-resource-collection>

        <!-- Define the role that can access the protected resource -->
        <auth-constraint>
            <role-name> <!-- Role name as defined in the security domain --></role-name>
            <!-- To disable authentication you can use the wildcard *
            	 To authenticate but allow any role, use the wildcard **. -->
        </auth-constraint>
    </security-constraint>

    <login-config>
        <auth-method>
        	<!-- The authentication method to use. Can be:
        		BASIC
        		CLIENT-CERT
        		DIGEST
        		FORM
        		SPNEGO
        	 -->
        </auth-method>

        <realm-name><!-- The name of realm to send in the challenge  --></realm-name>
    </login-config>
 </web-app>
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    Example

    <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>

 <!-- Define the security constraints for the application resources.
      Specify the URL pattern for which a challenge is -->

 <security-constraint>
        <web-resource-collection>
            <web-resource-name>all</web-resource-name>
            <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
        </web-resource-collection>

        <!-- Define the role that can access the protected resource -->
        <auth-constraint>
            <role-name>Admin</role-name>
            <!-- To disable authentication you can use the wildcard *
            	 To authenticate but allow any role, use the wildcard **. -->
        </auth-constraint>
    </security-constraint>

    <login-config>
        <auth-method>BASIC</auth-method>

        <realm-name>exampleSecurityRealm</realm-name>
    </login-config>
 </web-app>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Note

    You can use a different auth-method.

  3. Configure your application to use a security domain by either creating a jboss-web.xml file in your application or setting the default security domain in the undertow subsystem.

    • Create jboss-web.xml file in the your application’s WEB-INF directory referencing the application-security-domain.

      Syntax

      <jboss-web>
  <security-domain> <!-- The security domain to associate with the application --></security-domain>
</jboss-web>
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example

      <jboss-web>
  <security-domain>exampleApplicationSecurityDomain</security-domain>
</jboss-web>
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    • Set the default security domain in the undertow subsystem for applications.

      Syntax

      /subsystem=undertow:write-attribute(name=default-security-domain,value=<application_security_domain_to_use>)
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example

      /subsystem=undertow:write-attribute(name=default-security-domain,value=exampleApplicationSecurityDomain)
{
    "outcome" => "success",
    "response-headers" => {
        "operation-requires-reload" => true,
        "process-state" => "reload-required"
    }
}
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Reload the server. 

    reload
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Verification

  1. In the application root directory, compile your application with the following command: 

    $ mvn package
...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1.015 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2022-04-28T17:48:53+05:30
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Deploy the application. 

    $ mvn wildfly:deploy
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  3. In a browser, navigate to http://localhost:8080/simple-webapp-example/secured. You get a login prompt confirming that authentication is now required to access the application.

Your application is now secured with a security domain and users can log in only after authenticating. Additionally, only users with specified roles can access the application.

You can use an identity-realm provided by Elytron to allow local users to connect to JBoss EAP management interfaces.

The JBoss EAP management CLI is preconfigured to use an identity-realm named local. This allows local users to connect without having to provide credentials. An identity realm can only be used with the JBOSS-LOCAL-USER mechanism.

You can secure a management interface by using an identity-realm security realm with the JBOSS-LOCAL-USER mechanism.

Prerequisites

  • JBoss EAP is running.

Procedure

  1. Create a local identity-realm.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/identity-realm=<local_identity_realm_name>:add(identity="$local",attribute-name=<attribute_name>,attribute-values=<attribute_value>)
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    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/identity-realm=exampleLocalIdentityRealm:add(identity="$local",attribute-name=AttributeName,attribute-values=Value)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    1. Optional If you want to use a name for your local identity-realm other than $local, change the value of wildfly.sasl.local-user.default-user property in the attribute configurable-sasl-server-factory=<sasl_server_factory>.

      Syntax

      /subsystem=elytron/configurable-sasl-server-factory=<sasl_server_factory>:write-attribute(name=properties,value={"wildfly.sasl.local-user.default-user" => "<new_local_username>", "wildfly.sasl.local-user.challenge-path" => expression "${jboss.server.temp.dir}/auth"})
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example

      /subsystem=elytron/configurable-sasl-server-factory=configured:write-attribute(name=properties,value={"wildfly.sasl.local-user.default-user" => "john", "wildfly.sasl.local-user.challenge-path" => expression "${jboss.server.temp.dir}/auth"})
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Create a security domain that references the identity-realm that you created.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=<security_domain_name>:add(default-realm=<local_identity_realm_name>,permission-mapper=<permission_mapper_name>,realms=[{realm=<Local_identity_realm_name>}])
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    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=exampleSecurityDomain:add(default-realm=exampleLocalIdentityRealm,permission-mapper=default-permission-mapper,realms=[{realm=exampleLocalIdentityRealm}])
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  3. Add SASL Authentication factory.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/sasl-authentication-factory=<sasl_auth_factory_name>:add(security-domain=<security_domain_name>,sasl-server-factory=configured,mechanism-configurations=[{mechanism-name=JBOSS-LOCAL-USER}])
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/sasl-authentication-factory=exampleSaslAuthenticationFactory:add(security-domain=exampleSecurityDomain,sasl-server-factory=configured,mechanism-configurations=[{mechanism-name=JBOSS-LOCAL-USER}])
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Enable SASL Authentication factory for your management interface.

    Syntax

    /core-service=management/management-interface=http-interface:write-attribute(name=http-upgrade,value={enabled=true,sasl-authentication-factory=<sasl_auth_factory_name>})
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    Example

    /core-service=management/management-interface=http-interface:write-attribute(name=http-upgrade,value={enabled=true,sasl-authentication-factory=exampleSaslAuthenticationFactory})
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Reload your management interface. 

    $ reload
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Chapter 4. Configuring audit logging in Elytron
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You can use Elytron to complete security audits on triggering events. Security auditing refers to triggering events, such as writing to a log, in response to an authorization or authentication attempt.

The type of security audit performed on events depends on your security realm configuration.

4.1. Elytron audit logging
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After you enable audit logging with the elytron subsystem, you can log Elytron authentication and authorization events within the application server. Elytron stores audit log entries in either JSON or SIMPLE formats. Use SIMPLE for human readable text format or JSON for storing individual events in JSON.

Elytron audit logging differs from other types of audit logging, such as audit logging for the JBoss EAP management interfaces.

Elytron disables audit logging by default, however, you can enable audit logging by configuring any of the following log handlers. You can also add the log handler to a security domain.

You can use the aggregate-security-event-listener resource to send security events to more destinations, such as loggers. The aggregate-security-event-listener resource delivers all events to all listeners specified in the aggregate listener definition.

4.2. Enabling file audit logging in Elytron
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File audit logging stores audit log messages in a single file within your file system.

By default, Elytron specifies local-audit as the file audit logger.

You must enable local-audit so that it can write Elytron audit logs to EAP_HOME/standalone/log/audit.log on a standalone server or EAP_HOME/domain/log/audit.log for a managed domain.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Create a file audit log.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/file-audit-log=<audit_log_name>:add(path="<path_to_log_file>",format=<format_type>,synchronized=<whether_to_log_immediately>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/file-audit-log=exampleFileAuditLog:add(path="file-audit.log",relative-to=jboss.server.log.dir,format=SIMPLE,synchronized=true)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Add the file audit log to a security domain.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=<security_domain_name>:write-attribute(name=security-event-listener,value=<audit_log_name>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=exampleSecurityDomain:write-attribute(name=security-event-listener,value=exampleFileAuditLog)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Verification

  1. In a browser, log in to your secured application.

    For example, to log in to the application created in Using a security domain to authenticate and authorize application users, navigate to http://localhost:8080/simple-webapp-example/secured and log in.

  2. Navigate to the directory configured to store the audit log. If you use the example commands in the procedure, the directory is EAP_HOME/standalone/log.

    Note that a file called file-audit.log is created. It contains the logs of the events triggered by logging in to the application.

    Example file-audit.log file

    2023-10-24 23:31:04,WARNING,{event=SecurityPermissionCheckSuccessfulEvent,event-time=2023-10-24 23:31:04,security-identity=[name=user1,creation-time=2023-10-24 23:31:04],success=true,permission=[type=org.wildfly.security.auth.permission.LoginPermission,actions=,name=]}
2023-10-24 23:31:04,WARNING,{event=SecurityAuthenticationSuccessfulEvent,event-time=2023-10-24 23:31:04,security-identity=[name=user1,creation-time=2023-10-24 23:31:04],success=true}
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You can use the elytron subsystem to enable periodic rotating file audit logging for your standalone server or a server running as a managed domain.

Periodic rotating file audit logging automatically rotates audit log files based on your configured schedule. Periodic rotating file audit logging is similar to default file audit logging, but periodic rotating file audit logging contains an additional attribute: suffix.

The value of the suffix attribute is a date specified using the java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter format, such as .yyyy-MM-dd. Elytron automatically calculates the period of the rotation from the value provided with the suffix. The elytron subsystem appends the suffix to the end of a log file name.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Create a periodic rotating file audit log.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/periodic-rotating-file-audit-log=<periodic_audit_log_name>:add(path="<periodic_audit_log_filename>",format=<record_format>,synchronized=<whether_to_log_immediately>,suffix="<suffix_in_DateTimeFormatter_format>")
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/periodic-rotating-file-audit-log=examplePreiodicFileAuditLog:add(path="periodic-file-audit.log",relative-to=jboss.server.log.dir,format=SIMPLE,synchronized=true,suffix="yyyy-MM-dd")
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Add the periodic rotating file audit logger to a security domain.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=<security_domain_name>:write-attribute(name=security-event-listener,value=<periodic_audit_log_name>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=exampleSecurityDomain:write-attribute(name=security-event-listener,value=examplePreiodicFileAuditLog)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Verification

  1. In a browser, log in to your secured application.

    For example, to log in to the application created in Using a security domain to authenticate and authorize application users, navigate to http://localhost:8080/simple-webapp-example/secured and log in.

  2. Navigate to the directory configured to store the audit log. If you use the example commands in the procedure, the directory is EAP_HOME/standalone/log.

    Note that a file called periodic-file-audit.log is created. It contains the logs of the events triggered by logging in to the application.

    Example periodic-file-audit.log file

    2023-10-24 23:31:04,WARNING,{event=SecurityPermissionCheckSuccessfulEvent,event-time=2023-10-24 23:31:04,security-identity=[name=user1,creation-time=2023-10-24 23:31:04],success=true,permission=[type=org.wildfly.security.auth.permission.LoginPermission,actions=,name=]}
2023-10-24 23:31:04,WARNING,{event=SecurityAuthenticationSuccessfulEvent,event-time=2023-10-24 23:31:04,security-identity=[name=user1,creation-time=2023-10-24 23:31:04],success=true}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You can use the elytron subsystem to enable size rotating file audit logging for your standalone server or a server running as a managed domain.

Size rotating file audit logging automatically rotates audit log files when the log file reaches a configured file size. Size rotating file audit logging is similar to default file audit logging, but the size rotating file audit logging contains additional attributes.

When the log file size exceeds the limit defined by the rotate-size attribute, Elytron appends the suffix .1 to the end of the current file andcreates a new log file. For each existing log file, Elytron increments the suffix by one. For example, Elytron renames audit_log.1 to audit_log.2. Elytron continues the increments until the log file amount reaches the maximum number of log files, as defined by max-backup-index. When a log file exceeds the max-backup-index value, Elytron removes the file. For example, if the max-backup-index defines "98" as the max-backup-index value, the audit_log.99 file would be over the limit.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Create a size rotating file audit log.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/size-rotating-file-audit-log=<audit_log_name>:add(path="<path_to_log_file>",format=<record_format>,synchronized=<whether_to_log_immediately>,rotate-size="<max_file_size_before_rotation>",max-backup-index=<max_number_of_backup_files>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/size-rotating-file-audit-log=exampleSizeFileAuditLog:add(path="size-file-audit.log",relative-to=jboss.server.log.dir,format=SIMPLE,synchronized=true,rotate-size="10m",max-backup-index=10)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Add the size rotating audit logger to a security domain.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=<domain_size_logger>:write-attribute(name=security-event-listener,value=<audit_log_name>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=exampleSecurityDomain:write-attribute(name=security-event-listener,value=exampleSizeFileAuditLog)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Verification

  1. In a browser, log in to your secured application.

    For example, to log in to the application created in Using a security domain to authenticate and authorize application users, navigate to http://localhost:8080/simple-webapp-example/secured and log in.

  2. Navigate to the directory configured to store the audit log. If you use the example commands in the procedure, the directory is EAP_HOME/standalone/log.

    Note that a file called size-file-audit.log is created. It contains the logs of the events triggered by logging in to the application.

    Example size-file-audit.log file

    2023-10-24 23:31:04,WARNING,{event=SecurityPermissionCheckSuccessfulEvent,event-time=2023-10-24 23:31:04,security-identity=[name=user1,creation-time=2023-10-24 23:31:04],success=true,permission=[type=org.wildfly.security.auth.permission.LoginPermission,actions=,name=]}
2023-10-24 23:31:04,WARNING,{event=SecurityAuthenticationSuccessfulEvent,event-time=2023-10-24 23:31:04,security-identity=[name=user1,creation-time=2023-10-24 23:31:04],success=true}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

4.5. Enabling syslog audit logging in Elytron
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You can use the elytron subsystem to enable syslog audit logging for your standalone server or a server running as a managed domain. When you use syslog audit logging, you send the logging results to a syslog server, which provides more security options than logging to a local file.

The syslog handler specifies parameters used to connect to a syslog server, such as the syslog server’s host name and the port on which the syslog server listens. You can define multiple syslog handlers and activate them simultaneously.

Supported log formats include RFC5424 and RFC3164. Supported transmission protocols include UDP, TCP, and TCP with SSL.

When you define a syslog for the first instance, the logger sends an INFORMATIONAL priority event containing the message to the syslog server, as demonstrated in the following example: 

"Elytron audit logging enabled with RFC format: <format>"
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<format> refers to the Request for Comments (RFC) format configured for the audit logging handler, which defaults to RFC5424.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Add a syslog handler.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/syslog-audit-log=<syslog_audit_log_name>:add(host-name=<record_host_name>,port=<syslog_server_port_number>,server-address=<syslog_server_address>,format=<record_format>, transport=<transport_layer_protocol>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    You can also send logs to a syslog server over TLS:

    Syntax for syslog configuration to send logs over TLS

    /subsystem=elytron/syslog-audit-log=<syslog_audit_log_name>:add(transport=SSL_TCP,server-address=<syslog_server_address>,port=<syslog_server_port_number>,host-name=<record_host_name>,ssl-context=<client_ssl_context>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Add the syslog audit logger to a security domain.

    Syntax

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=<security_domain_name>:write-attribute(name=security-event-listener,value=<syslog_audit_log_name>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=exampleSecurityDomain:write-attribute(name=security-event-listener,value=exampleSyslog)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

You can use Elytron to define a custom event listener. A custom event listener processes incoming security events. You can use the event listener for custom audit logging purposes, or you can use the event listener to authenticate users against your internal identity storage.

Important

The ability to add and remove modules by using the module management CLI command is provided as a Technology Preview feature only. The module command is not appropriate for use in a managed domain or when connecting with a remote management CLI. You must manually add or remove modules in a production environment.

Technology Preview features are not supported with Red  Hat production service level agreements (SLAs), might not be functionally complete, and Red Hat does not recommend to use them for production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

See Technology Preview Features Support Scope on the Red Hat Customer Portal for information about the support scope for Technology Preview features.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Create a class that implements the java.util.function.Consumer<org.wildfly.security.auth.server.event.SecurityEvent> interface.

    Example of creating a Java class that uses the specified interface:

    public class MySecurityEventListener implements Consumer<SecurityEvent> {
    public void accept(SecurityEvent securityEvent) {
        if (securityEvent instanceof SecurityAuthenticationSuccessfulEvent) {
            System.err.printf("Authenticated user \"%s\"\n", securityEvent.getSecurityIdentity().getPrincipal());
        } else if (securityEvent instanceof SecurityAuthenticationFailedEvent) {
            System.err.printf("Failed authentication as user \"%s\"\n", ((SecurityAuthenticationFailedEvent)securityEvent).getPrincipal());
        }
    }
}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    The Java class in the example prints a message whenever a user succeeds or fails authentication.

  2. Add the JAR file that provides the custom event listener as a module to JBoss EAP.

    The following is an example of the management CLI command that adds a custom event listener as a module to Elytron.

    Example of using the module command to add a custom event listener as a module to Elytron:

    /subsystem=elytron/custom-security-event-listener=<listener_name>:add(module=<module_name>, class-name=<class_name>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Reference the custom event listener in the security domain.

    Example of referencing a custom event listener in ApplicationDomain:

    /subsystem=elytron/security-domain=<domain_name>:write-attribute(name=security-event-listener, value=<listener_name>)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Restart the server. 

    $ reload
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    The event listener receives security events from the specified security domain.

Chapter 5. Reference
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5.1. custom-realm attributes
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You can configure your custom-realm by setting its attributes.

Expand
Table 5.1. custom-realm attributes
AttributeDescription

class-name

Fully qualified class name of the implementation of the custom realm.

configuration

The optional key/value configuration for the custom realm.

module

Name of the module to use to load the custom realm.

5.2. filesystem-realm attributes
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You can configure filesystem-realm by setting its attributes.

Expand
Table 5.2. filesystem-realm attributes
AttributeDescription

credential-store

Reference to the credential store that contains the secret key to encrypt and decrypt the clear passwords, hashed passwords, and attributes in the realm. When you use this attribute, you must also specify the secret key to use by defining it in the secret-key attribute.

encoded

The attribute that indicates whether the identity names should be stored encoded (Base32) in file names. The default value is true.

hash-charset

The character set to use when converting the password string to a byte array. The default is UTF-8.

hash-encoding

The string format for the password if it is not stored in plain text. It can be one of:

  • base64
  • hex

The default is base64.

key-store

Reference to the key store that contains the key pair to use to verify integrity. When you define this attribute, you must also specify the key store alias in the key-store-alias attribute.

key-store-alias

The alias that identifies the private key entry within the key store to use to verify integrity. Use this attribute if you have added a reference to a key store by defining the key-store attribute.

levels

The number of levels of directory hashing to apply. The default value is 2.

path

The path to the directory containing the realm.

relative-to

The predefined relative path to use with path. For example jboss.server.config.dir.

secret-key

The alias of the secret key to encrypt and decrypt the clear passwords, hashed passwords, and attributes in the realm. Use this attribute if you have added a reference to a credential store by defining the credential-store attribute.

5.3. file-audit-log attributes
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Table 5.3. file-audit-log attributes
AttributeDescription

autoflush

Specifies if the output stream requires flushing after every audit event. If you do not define the attribute, the synchronized attribute value is the default.

encoding

Specifies the audit file encoding. The default is UTF-8. The possible values are the following:

  • UTF-8
  • UTF-16BE
  • UTF-16LE
  • UTF-16
  • US-ASCII
  • ISO-8859-1

format

Default value is SIMPLE. Use SIMPLE for human readable text format or JSON for storing individual events in JSON.

path

Defines the location of the log files.

relative-to

Optional attribute. Defines the location of the log files.

synchronized

Default value is true. Specifies that the file descriptor gets synchronized after every audit event.

5.4. http-authentication-factory attributes
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You can configure http-authentication-factory by setting its attributes.

Expand
Table 5.4. http-authentication-factory attributes
AttributeDescription

http-server-mechanism-factory

The HttpServerAuthenticationMechanismFactory to associate with this resource.

mechanism-configurations

The list of mechanism-specific configurations.

security-domain

The security domain to associate with the resource.

Expand
Table 5.5. http-authentication-factory mechanism-configurations attributes
AttributeDescription

credential-security-factory

The security factory to use to obtain a credential as required by the mechanism.

final-principal-transformer

A final principal transformer to apply for this mechanism realm.

host-name

The host name this configuration applies to.

mechanism-name

This configuration will only apply where a mechanism with the name specified is used. If this attribute is omitted then this will match any mechanism name.

mechanism-realm-configurations

The list of definitions of the realm names as understood by the mechanism.

pre-realm-principal-transformer

A principal transformer to apply before the realm is selected.

post-realm-principal-transformer

A principal transformer to apply after the realm is selected.

protocol

The protocol this configuration applies to.

realm-mapper

The realm mapper to be used by the mechanism.

Expand
Table 5.6. http-authentication-factory mechanism-configurations mechanism-realm-configurations attributes
AttributeDescription

final-principal-transformer

A final principal transformer to apply for this mechanism realm.

post-realm-principal-transformer

A principal transformer to apply after the realm is selected.

pre-realm-principal-transformer

A principal transformer to apply before the realm is selected.

realm-mapper

The realm mapper to be used by the mechanism.

realm-name

The name of the realm to be presented by the mechanism.

5.5. identity-realm attributes
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You can configure your identity-realm by setting its attributes.

Expand
Table 5.7. identity-realm attributes
AttributeDescription

attribute-name

The name of the attribute associated with this identity.

attribute-values

The list of values associated with the identity’s attribute.

identity

The identity available from the security realm.

5.6. jdbc-realm attributes
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You can configure jdbc-realm by setting its attributes.

Expand
Table 5.8. jdbc-realm Attributes
AttributeDescription

hash-charset

The character set to use when converting the password string to a byte array. The default is UTF-8.

principal-query

The list of authentication queries used to authenticate users based on specific key types.

Expand
Table 5.9. jdbc-realm principal-query Attributes
AttributeDescription

attribute-mapping

The list of attribute mappings defined for this resource.

bcrypt-mapper

A key mapper that maps a column returned from a SQL query to a Bcrypt key type.

clear-password-mapper

A key mapper that maps a column returned from a SQL query to a clear password key type. This has a password-index child element that is the column index from an authentication query that represents the user password.

data-source

The name of the data source used to connect to the database.

salted-simple-digest-mapper

A key mapper that maps a column returned from a SQL query to a Salted Simple Digest key type.

scram-mapper

A key mapper that maps a column returned from a SQL query to a SCRAM key type.

simple-digest-mapper

A key mapper that maps a column returned from a SQL query to a Simple Digest key type.

sql

The SQL statement used to obtain the keys as table columns for a specific user and map them accordingly with their type.

Expand
Table 5.10. jdbc-realm principal-query attribute-mapping Attributes
AttributeDescription

index

The column index from the SQL query that represents the mapped attribute.

to

The name of the identity attribute mapped from a column returned from the SQL query.

5.7. key-store attributes
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You can configure a key-store by setting its attributes.

Expand
Table 5.11. key-store attributes
AttributeDescription

alias-filter

A filter to apply to the aliases returned from the keystore, can either be a comma separated list of aliases to return or one of the following formats:

  • ALL:-alias1:-alias2
  • NONE:+alias1:+alias2
Note

The alias-filter attribute is case sensitive. Because the use of mixed-case or uppercase aliases, such as elytronAppServer, might not be recognized by some keystore providers, it is recommended to use lowercase aliases, such as elytronappserver.

credential-reference

The password to use to access the keystore. This can be specified in clear text or as a reference to a credential stored in a credential-store.

path

The path to the keystore file.

provider-name

The name of the provider to use to load the keystore. When you set this attribute, the search for the first provider that can create a key store of the specified type is disabled.

providers

A reference to the providers that should be used to obtain the list of provider instances to search. If not specified, the global list of providers will be used instead.

relative-to

The base path this store is relative to. This can be a full path or a predefined path such as jboss.server.config.dir.

required

If set to true, the key store file referenced must exist at the time the key store service starts. The default value is false.

type

The type of the key store, for example, JKS.

Note

The following key store types are automatically detected:

  • JKS
  • JCEKS
  • PKCS12
  • BKS
  • BCFKS
  • UBER

You must manually specify the other key store types.

A full list of key store types can be found in Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation for JDK 11 in the Oracle JDK documentation.

5.8. ldap-realm attributes
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You can configure ldap-realm by setting its attributes.

Expand
Table 5.12. ldap-realm attributes
AttributeDescription

allow-blank-password

Whether this realm supports blank password direct verification. If this attribute is not set, a blank password attempt is rejected.

dir-context

The name of the dir-context which will be used to connect to the LDAP server.

direct-verification

If this attribute is set to true, this realm supports verification of credentials by directly connecting to LDAP as the account being authenticated. Otherwise, the password is retrieved from the LDAP server and verified in JBoss EAP. If enabled, the JBoss EAP server must be able to obtain the plain user password from the client, which requires either the PLAIN SASL or BASIC HTTP mechanism to be used for authentication. Defaults to false.

hash-charset

The character set to use when converting the password string to a byte array. The default is UTF-8.

hash-encoding

The string format for the password if it is not stored in plain text. It can be one of:

  • base64
  • hex

The default is base64.

identity-mapping

The configuration options that define how principals are mapped to their corresponding entries in the underlying LDAP server.

Expand
Table 5.13. ldap-realm identity-mapping attributes
AttributeDescription

attribute-mapping

List of attribute mappings defined for this resource.

filter-name

The LDAP filter for getting identity by name.

iterator-filter

The LDAP filter for iterating over identities of the realm.

new-identity-attributes

The list of attributes of newly created identities. It is required for the modifiability of the realm. This is a list of name and value pair objects.

new-identity-parent-dn

The DN of the parent of newly created identities. Required for modifiability of the realm.

otp-credential-mapper

The credential mapping for OTP credential.

rdn-identifier

The RDN part of the principal’s DN to be used to obtain the principal’s name from an LDAP entry. This is also used when creating new identities.

search-base-dn

The base DN to search for identities.

use-recursive-search

If this attribute is set to true, identity search queries are recursive. Defaults to false.

user-password-mapper

The credential mapping for a credential, similar to userPassword.

x509-credential-mapper

The configuration that enables using LDAP as storage of X509 credentials. If none of the -from child attributes are defined, then this configuration will be ignored. If more than one -from child attribute is defined, then the user certificate must match all the defined criteria.

Expand
Table 5.14. ldap-realm identity-mapping attribute-mapping attributes
AttributeDescription

extract-rdn

The RDN key to use as the value for an attribute, in case the value in its raw form is in X.500 format.

filter

The filter to use to obtain the values for a specific attribute. The string {0} will be replaced by username and`{1}` by user identity DN.

filter-base-dn

The name of the context where the filter should be performed.

from

The name of the LDAP attribute to map to an identity attribute. If not defined, DN of entry is used.

reference

The name of the LDAP attribute containing DN of entry to obtain value from.

role-recursion

Maximum depth for recursive role assignment. Use 0 to specify no recursion. Defaults to 0.

role-recursion-name

Determine the LDAP attribute of role entry which will be a substitute for "{0}" in filter-name when searching roles of role.

search-recursive

If true attribute LDAP search queries are recursive. Defaults to true.

to

The name of the identity attribute mapped from a specific LDAP attribute. If not provided, the name of the attribute is the same as defined in from. If from is not defined too, the dn value is used.

Expand
Table 5.15. ldap-realm identity-mapping user-password-mapper attributes
AttributeDescription

from

The name of the LDAP attribute to map to an identity attribute. If not defined, DN of entry is used.

verifiable

If true password can be used to verify the user. Defaults to true.

writable

If true password can be changed. Defaults to false.

Expand
Table 5.16. ldap-realm identity-mapping otp-credential-mapper Attributes
AttributeDescription

algorithm-from

The name of the LDAP attribute of OTP algorithm.

hash-from

The name of the LDAP attribute of OTP hash function.

seed-from

The name of the LDAP attribute of OTP seed.

sequence-from

The name of the LDAP attribute of OTP sequence number.

Expand
Table 5.17. ldap-realm identity-mapping x509-credential-mapper attributes
AttributeDescription

certificate-from

The name of the LDAP attribute to map to an encoded user certificate. If not defined, the encoded certificate will not be checked.

digest-algorithm

The digest algorithm, which is the hash function, that is used to compute the digest of the user certificate. It will be used only if digest-from has been defined.

digest-from

The name of the LDAP attribute to map to a user certificate digest. If not defined, the certificate digest will not be checked.

serial-number-from

The name of the LDAP attribute to map to a serial number of the user certificate. If not defined, the serial number will not be checked.

subject-dn-from

The name of the LDAP attribute to map to a subject DN of user certificate. If not defined, the subject DN will not be checked.

5.9. Password mapper attributes
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A password mapper constructs a password from multiple fields in a database using one of the following algorithm types:

  • Clear text
  • Simple digest
  • Salted simple digest
  • bcrypt
  • SCRAM
  • Modular crypt

A password mapper has the following attributes:

Note

The index of the first column is 1 for all the mappers.

Expand
Table 5.18. password mapper attributes
Mapper nameAttributesEncryption method

clear-password-mapper

  • password-index

    The index of the column containing the clear text password.

No encryption.

simple-digest

  • password-index

    The index of the column containing the password hash.

  • algorithm

    The hashing algorithm used. The following values are supported:

    • simple-digest-md2
    • simple-digest-md5
    • simple-digest-sha-1
    • simple-digest-sha-256
    • simple-digest-sha-384
    • simple-digest-sha-512

  • hash-encoding

    Specify the representation hash. Permitted values:

    • base64 (default)
    • hex

A simple hashing mechanism is used.

salted-simple-digest

  • password-index

    The index of the column containing the password hash.

  • algorithm

    The hashing algorithm used. The following values are supported:

    • password-salt-digest-md5
    • password-salt-digest-sha-1
    • password-salt-digest-sha-256
    • password-salt-digest-sha-384
    • password-salt-digest-sha-512
    • salt-password-digest-md5
    • salt-password-digest-sha-1
    • salt-password-digest-sha-256
    • salt-password-digest-sha-384
    • salt-password-digest-sha-512

  • salt-index

    Index of the column containing the salt used for hashing.

  • hash-encoding

    Specify the representation for the hash. Permitted values:

    • base64 (default)
    • hex

  • salt-encoding

    Specify the representation for the salt. Permitted values:

    • base64 (default)
    • hex

A simple hashing mechanism is used with a salt.

bcrypt-password-mapper

  • password-index

    The index of the column containing the password hash.

  • salt-index

    Index of the column containing the salt used for hashing.

  • iteration-count-index

    Index of the column containing the number of iterations used.

  • hash-encoding

    Specify the representation for the hash. Permitted values:

    • base64 (default)
    • hex

  • salt-encoding

    Specify the representation for the salt. Permitted values:

    • base64 (default)
    • hex

Blowfish algorithm used for hashing.

scram-mapper

  • password-index

    The index of the column containing the password hash.

  • algorithm

    The hashing algorithm used. The following values are supported:

    • scram-sha-1
    • scram-sha-256
    • scram-sha-384
    • scram-sha-512

  • salt-index

    Index of the column containing the salt is used for hashing.

  • iteration-count-index

    Index of the column containing the number of iterations used.

  • hash-encoding

    Specify the representation for the hash. Permitted values:

    • base64 (default)
    • hex

  • salt-encoding

    Specify the representation for the salt. Permitted values:

    • base64 (default)
    • hex

Salted Challenge Response Authentication mechanism is used for hashing.

modular-crypt-mapper

  • password-index

    The index of the column containing the encrypted password.

The modular-crypt encoding supports multiple pieces of information to be encoded in a single string. The information can include the following:

  • password type
  • hash or digest
  • salt
  • iteration count

5.10. periodic-rotating-file-audit-log attributes
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Table 5.19. periodic-rotating-file-audit-log attributes
AttributeDescription

autoflush

Specifies if the output stream requires flushing after every audit event. If you do not define the attribute, the synchronized attribute value is the default.

encoding

Specifies the audit file encoding. The default is UTF-8. The possible values are the following:

  • UTF-8
  • UTF-16BE
  • UTF-16LE
  • UTF-16
  • US-ASCII
  • ISO-8859-1

format

Use SIMPLE for human readable text format or JSON for storing individual events in JSON.

path

Defines the location of the log files.

relative-to

Optional attribute. Defines the location of the log files.

suffix

Optional attribute. Adds a date suffix to a rotated log. You must use the java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter format. For example .yyyy-MM-dd.

synchronized

Default value is true. Specifies that the file descriptor gets synchronized after every audit event.

5.11. properties-realm attributes
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You can configure properties-realm by setting its attributes.

Expand
Table 5.20. properties-realm attributes
AttributeDescription

groups-attribute

The name of the attribute in the returned AuthorizationIdentity that should contain the group membership information for the identity.

groups-properties

The properties file containing the users and their groups.

hash-charset

Specifies the name of the character set to use when converting the client provided password string to a byte array for hashing calculations. Set to UTF-8 by default.

hash-encoding

Specifies the string format for the hashed password if the password is not being stored in plain text. It may specify one of two: hex or base64. Set to hex by default for properties-realm.

users-properties

The properties file containing the users and their passwords.

Expand
Table 5.21. properties-realm users-properties attributes
AttributeDescription

digest-realm-name

The default realm name to use for digested passwords if one is not discovered in the properties file.

path

The path to the file containing the users and their passwords. The file should contain realm name declaration.

plain-text

If true, the passwords in properties file stored in plain text. If false, they are pre-hashed, taking the form of HEX(MD5(username ':' realm ':' password)). Defaults to false.

relative-to

The predefined path that the path is relative to.

Expand
Table 5.22. properties-realm groups-properties attributes
AttributeDescription

path

The path to the file containing the users and their groups.

relative-to

The predefined path that the path is relative to.

5.12. sasl-authentication-factory attributes
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You can configure sasl-authentication-factory by setting its attributes.

Expand
Table 5.23. sasl-authentication-factory attributes
AttributeDescription

mechanism-configurations

The list of mechanism specific configurations.

sasl-server-factory

The SASL server factory to associate with this resource.

security-domain

The security domain to associate with this resource.

Expand
Table 5.24. sasl-authentication-factory mechanism-configurations attributes
AttributeDescription

credential-security-factory

The security factory to use to obtain a credential as required by the mechanism.

final-principal-transformer

A final principal transformer to apply for this mechanism realm.

host-name

The host name this configuration applies to.

mechanism-name

This configuration will only apply where a mechanism with the name specified is used. If this attribute is omitted then this will match any mechanism name.

mechanism-realm-configurations

The list of definitions of the realm names as understood by the mechanism.

protocol

The protocol this configuration applies to.

post-realm-principal-transformer

A principal transformer to apply after the realm is selected.

pre-realm-principal-transformer

A principal transformer to apply before the realm is selected.

realm-mapper

The realm mapper to be used by the mechanism.

Expand
Table 5.25. sasl-authentication-factory mechanism-configurations mechanism-realm-configurations attributes
AttributeDescription

final-principal-transformer

A final principal transformer to apply for this mechanism realm.

post-realm-principal-transformer

A principal transformer to apply after the realm is selected.

pre-realm-principal-transformer

A principal transformer to apply before the realm is selected.

realm-mapper

The realm mapper to be used by the mechanism.

realm-name

The name of the realm to be presented by the mechanism.

5.13. secret-key-credential-store Attributes
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You can configure secret-key-credential-store by setting its attributes.

Expand
Table 5.26. secret-key-credential-store Attributes
AttributeDescription

create

Set the value to false if you do not want Elytron to create one if it doesn’t already exist. Defaults to true.

default-alias

The alias name for a key generated by default. The default value is key.

key-size

The size of a generated key. The default size is 256 bits. You can set the value to one of the following:

  • 128
  • 192
  • 256

path

The path to the credential store.

populate

If a credential store does not contain a default-alias, this attribute indicates whether Elytron should create one. The default is true.

relative-to

A reference to a previously defined path that the attribute path is relative to.

5.14. security-domain attributes
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You can configure security-domain by setting its attributes.

Expand
AttributeDescription

default-realm

The default realm contained by this security domain.

evidence-decoder

A reference to an EvidenceDecoder to be used by this domain.

outflow-anonymous

This attribute specifies whether the anonymous identity should be used if outflow to a security domain is not possible, which happens in the following scenarios:

  • The domain to outflow to does not trust this domain.
  • The identity being outflowed to a domain does not exist in that domain

Outflowing anonymous identity clears any previously established identity for that domain.

outflow-security-domains

The list of security domains that the security identity from this domain should automatically outflow to.

permission-mapper

A reference to a PermissionMapper to be used by this domain.

post-realm-principal-transformer

A reference to a principal transformer to be applied after the realm has operated on the supplied identity name.

pre-realm-principal-transformer

A reference to a principal transformer to be applied before the realm is selected.

principal-decoder

A reference to a PrincipalDecoder to be used by this domain.

realm-mapper

Reference to the RealmMapper to be used by this domain.

realms

The list of realms contained by this security domain.

role-decoder

Reference to the RoleDecoder to be used by this domain.

role-mapper

Reference to the RoleMapper to be used by this domain.

security-event-listener

Reference to a listener for security events.

trusted-security-domains

The list of security domains that are trusted by this security domain.

trusted-virtual-security-domains

The list of virtual security domains that are trusted by this security domain.

5.15. simple-role-decoder attributes
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You can configure simple role decoder by setting its attribute.

Expand
Table 5.27. simple-role-decoder attributes
AttributeDescription

attribute

The name of the attribute from the identity to map directly to roles.

5.16. size-rotating-file-audit-log attributes
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Table 5.28. size-rotating-file-audit-log attributes
AttributeDescription

autoflush

Specifies if the output stream requires flushing after every audit event. If you do not define the attribute, the synchronized attribute value is the default.

encoding

Specifies the audit file encoding. The default is UTF-8. The possible values are the following:

  • UTF-8
  • UTF-16BE
  • UTF-16LE
  • UTF-16
  • US-ASCII
  • ISO-8859-1

format

Default value is SIMPLE. Use SIMPLE for human readable text format or JSON for storing individual events in JSON.

max-backup-index

The maximum number of files to back up when rotating. The default value is 1.

path

Defines the location of the log files.

relative-to

Optional attribute. Defines the location of the log files.

rotate-on-boot

By default, Elytron does not create a new log file when you restart a server. Set this attribute to true to rotate the log on server restart.

rotate-size

The maximum size that the log file can reach before Elytron rotates the log. The default is 10m for 10 megabytes. You can also define the maximum size of the log with k, g, b, or t units. You can specify units in either uppercase or lowercase characters.

suffix

Optional attribute. Adds a date suffix to a rotated log. You must use the java.text.format.DateTimeFormatter format. For example .yyyy-MM-dd-HH.

synchronized

Default value is true. Specifies that the file descriptor gets synchronized after every audit event.

5.17. syslog-audit-log attributes
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Table 5.29. syslog-audit-log attributes
AttributeDescription

format

The format in which audit events are recorded.

Supported values:

  • JSON
  • SIMPLE

Default value:

  • SIMPLE

host-name

The host name to be embedded into all events sent to the syslog server.

port

The listening port on the syslog server.

reconnect-attempts

The maximum number of times that Elytron will attempt to send successive messages to a syslog server before closing the connection. The value of this attribute is only valid when the transmission protocol used is UDP.

Supported values:

  • Any positive integer value.
  • -1 indicates infinite reconnect attempts.

Default value:

  • 0

server-address

IP address of the syslog server or a name that can be resolved by Java’s InetAddress.getByName() method.

ssl-context

The SSL context to use when connecting to the syslog server. This attribute is only required if transport is set to SSL_TCP.

syslog-format

The RFC format to be used for describing the audit event.

Supported values:

  • RFC3164
  • RFC5424

Default value:

  • RFC5424

transport

The transport layer protocol to use to connect to the syslog server.

Supported values:

  • SSL_TCP
  • TCP
  • UDP

Default value:

  • TCP

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