Chapter 53. Introduction to the API Component Framework

For components with a small number of options, the standard approach to implementing components (Chapter 46, Implementing a Component) is quite effective. Where it starts to become problematic, however, is when you need to implement a component with a large number of options. This problem becomes dramatic when it comes to enterprise-level components, which can require you to wrap an API consisting of hundreds of operations. Such components require a large effort to create and maintain.

The API component framework was developed precisely to deal with the challenge of implementing such components.

Experience of implementing Camel components based on Java APIs has shown that a lot of the work is routine and mechanical. It consists of taking a particular Java method, mapping it to a particular URI syntax, and enabling the user to set the method parameters through URI options. This type of work is an obvious candidate for automation and code generation.

The first step in automating the implementation of a Java API is to design a standard way of mapping an API method to a URI. For this we need to define a generic URI format, which can be used to wrap any Java API. Hence, the API component framework defines the following syntax for endpoint URIs:

scheme://endpoint-prefix/endpoint?Option1=Value1&...&OptionN=ValueN

Where scheme is the default URI scheme defined by the component; endpoint-prefix is a short API name, which maps to one of the classes or interfaces from the wrapped Java API; endpoint maps to a method name; and the URI options map to method argument names.

In the case where an API consists of just a single Java class, the endpoint-prefix part of the URI becomes redundant, and you can specify the URI in the following, shorter format:

scheme://endpoint?Option1=Value1&...&OptionN=ValueN

In order to map Java method invocations to a URI syntax, it is obvious that some form of reflection mechanism is needed. But the standard Java reflection API suffers from a notable limitation: it does not preserve method argument names. This is a problem, because we need the method argument names in order to generate meaningful URI option names. The solution is to provide metadata in alternative format: either as Javadoc or in method signature files.

Javadoc is an ideal form of metadata for the API component framework, because it preserves the complete method signature, including method argument names. It is also easy to generate (particularly, using maven-javadoc-plugin) and, in many cases, is already provided in a third-party library.

If Javadoc is unavailable or unsuitable for some reason, the API component framework also supports an alternative source of metadata: the method signature files. A signature file is a simple text file which consists of a list of Java method signatures. It is relatively easy to create these files manually by copying and pasting from Java code (and lightly editing the resulting files).

From the perspective of a component developer, the API component framework consists of a number of different elements, as follows: