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Serving models

Red Hat OpenShift AI Cloud Service 1

Serve models in Red Hat OpenShift AI Cloud Service

Abstract

Serve models in Red Hat OpenShift AI Cloud Service. Serving trained models enables you to test and implement them into intelligent applications.

Chapter 1. About model serving

Serving trained models on Red Hat OpenShift AI means deploying the models on your OpenShift cluster to test and then integrate them into intelligent applications. Deploying a model makes it available as a service that you can access by using an API. This enables you to return predictions based on data inputs that you provide through API calls. This process is known as model inferencing. When you serve a model on OpenShift AI, the inference endpoints that you can access for the deployed model are shown in the dashboard.

OpenShift AI provides the following model serving platforms:

Single-model serving platform
For deploying large models such as large language models (LLMs), OpenShift AI includes a single-model serving platform that is based on the KServe component. Because each model is deployed from its own model server, the single-model serving platform helps you to deploy, monitor, scale, and maintain large models that require increased resources.
Multi-model serving platform
For deploying small and medium-sized models, OpenShift AI includes a multi-model serving platform that is based on the ModelMesh component. On the multi-model serving platform, you can deploy multiple models on the same model server. Each of the deployed models shares the server resources. This approach can be advantageous on OpenShift clusters that have finite compute resources or pods.

Chapter 2. Serving small and medium-sized models

For deploying small and medium-sized models, OpenShift AI includes a multi-model serving platform that is based on the ModelMesh component. On the multi-model serving platform, multiple models can be deployed from the same model server and share the server resources.

2.1. Configuring model servers

2.1.1. Enabling the multi-model serving platform

To use the multi-model serving platform, you must first enable the platform.

Prerequisites

  • You have logged in to OpenShift AI as a user with OpenShift AI administrator privileges.
  • Your cluster administrator has not edited the OpenShift AI dashboard configuration to disable the ability to select the multi-model serving platform, which uses the ModelMesh component. For more information, see Dashboard configuration options.

Procedure

  1. In the left menu of the OpenShift AI dashboard, click Settings → Cluster settings.
  2. Locate the Model serving platforms section.
  3. Select the Multi-model serving platform checkbox.
  4. Click Save changes.

2.1.2. Adding a custom model-serving runtime for the multi-model serving platform

A model-serving runtime adds support for a specified set of model frameworks and the model formats supported by those frameworks. By default, the multi-model serving platform includes the OpenVINO Model Server runtime. You can also add your own custom runtime if the default runtime does not meet your needs, such as supporting a specific model format.

As an administrator, you can use the Red Hat OpenShift AI dashboard to add and enable a custom model-serving runtime. You can then choose the custom runtime when you create a new model server for the multi-model serving platform.

Note

Red Hat does not provide support for custom runtimes. You are responsible for ensuring that you are licensed to use any custom runtimes that you add, and for correctly configuring and maintaining them.

Prerequisites

  • You have logged in to OpenShift AI as a user with OpenShift AI administrator privileges.
  • You are familiar with how to add a model server to your project. When you have added a custom model-serving runtime, you must configure a new model server to use the runtime.

  • You have reviewed the example runtimes in the kserve/modelmesh-serving repository. You can use these examples as starting points. However, each runtime requires some further modification before you can deploy it in OpenShift AI. The required modifications are described in the following procedure.

    Note

    OpenShift AI includes the OpenVINO Model Server runtime by default. You do not need to add this runtime to OpenShift AI.

Procedure

  1. From the OpenShift AI dashboard, click Settings > Serving runtimes.

    The Serving runtimes page opens and shows the model-serving runtimes that are already installed and enabled.

  2. To add a custom runtime, choose one of the following options:

    • To start with an existing runtime (for example the OpenVINO Model Server runtime), click the action menu (⋮) next to the existing runtime and then click Duplicate.
    • To add a new custom runtime, click Add serving runtime.

  3. In the Select the model serving platforms this runtime supports list, select Multi-model serving platform.

    Note

    The multi-model serving platform supports only the REST protocol. Therefore, you cannot change the default value in the Select the API protocol this runtime supports list.

  4. Optional: If you started a new runtime (rather than duplicating an existing one), add your code by choosing one of the following options:

    • Upload a YAML file

      1. Click Upload files.

      2. In the file browser, select a YAML file on your computer. This file might be the one of the example runtimes that you downloaded from the kserve/modelmesh-serving repository.

        The embedded YAML editor opens and shows the contents of the file that you uploaded.

    • Enter YAML code directly in the editor

      1. Click Start from scratch.
      2. Enter or paste YAML code directly in the embedded editor. The YAML that you paste might be copied from one of the example runtimes in the kserve/modelmesh-serving repository.

  5. Optional: If you are adding one of the example runtimes in the kserve/modelmesh-serving repository, perform the following modifications:

    1. In the YAML editor, locate the kind field for your runtime. Update the value of this field to ServingRuntime.
    2. In the kustomization.yaml file in the kserve/modelmesh-serving repository, take note of the newName and newTag values for the runtime that you want to add. You will specify these values in a later step.
    3. In the YAML editor for your custom runtime, locate the containers.image field.

    4. Update the value of the containers.image field in the format newName:newTag, based on the values that you previously noted in the kustomization.yaml file. Some examples are shown.

      Nvidia Triton Inference Server
      image: nvcr.io/nvidia/tritonserver:23.04-py3
      Seldon Python MLServer
      image: seldonio/mlserver:1.3.2
      TorchServe
      image: pytorch/torchserve:0.7.1-cpu
  6. In the metadata.name field, ensure that the value of the runtime you are adding is unique (that is, the value doesn’t match a runtime that you have already added).

  7. Optional: To configure a custom display name for the runtime that you are adding, add a metadata.annotations.openshift.io/display-name field and specify a value, as shown in the following example: 

    apiVersion: serving.kserve.io/v1alpha1
kind: ServingRuntime
metadata:
  name: mlserver-0.x
  annotations:
    openshift.io/display-name: MLServer
    Note

    If you do not configure a custom display name for your runtime, OpenShift AI shows the value of the metadata.name field.

  8. Click Add.

    The Serving runtimes page opens and shows the updated list of runtimes that are installed. Observe that the runtime you added is automatically enabled.

  9. Optional: To edit your custom runtime, click the action menu (⋮) and select Edit.

Verification

  • The custom model-serving runtime that you added is shown in an enabled state on the Serving runtimes page.

Additional resources

2.1.3. Adding a tested and verified model-serving runtime for the multi-model serving platform

In addition to preinstalled and custom model-serving runtimes, you can also use Red Hat tested and verified model-serving runtimes such as the NVIDIA Triton Inference Server to support your needs. For more information about Red Hat tested and verified runtimes, see Tested and verified runtimes for Red Hat OpenShift AI.

You can use the Red Hat OpenShift AI dashboard to add and enable the NVIDIA Triton Inference Server runtime and then choose the runtime when you create a new model server for the multi-model serving platform.

Prerequisites

  • You have logged in to OpenShift AI as a user with OpenShift AI administrator privileges.
  • You are familiar with how to add a model server to your project. After you have added a tested and verified model-serving runtime, you must configure a new model server to use the runtime.

Procedure

  1. From the OpenShift AI dashboard, click Settings > Serving runtimes.

    The Serving runtimes page opens and shows the model-serving runtimes that are already installed and enabled.

  2. To add a tested and verified runtime, click Add serving runtime.

  3. In the Select the model serving platforms this runtime supports list, select Multi-model serving platform.

    Note

    The multi-model serving platform supports only the REST protocol. Therefore, you cannot change the default value in the Select the API protocol this runtime supports list.

  4. Click Start from scratch.

  5. Enter or paste the following YAML code directly in the embedded editor. 

    apiVersion: serving.kserve.io/v1alpha1
kind: ServingRuntime
metadata:
  annotations:
    enable-route: "true"
  name: modelmesh-triton
  labels:
    opendatahub.io/dashboard: "true"
spec:
  annotations:
    opendatahub.io/modelServingSupport: '["multi"x`x`]'
    prometheus.kserve.io/path: /metrics
    prometheus.kserve.io/port: "8002"
  builtInAdapter:
    env:
      - name: CONTAINER_MEM_REQ_BYTES
        value: "268435456"
      - name: USE_EMBEDDED_PULLER
        value: "true"
    memBufferBytes: 134217728
    modelLoadingTimeoutMillis: 90000
    runtimeManagementPort: 8001
    serverType: triton
  containers:
    - args:
        - -c
        - 'mkdir -p /models/_triton_models;  chmod 777
          /models/_triton_models;  exec
          tritonserver "--model-repository=/models/_triton_models" "--model-control-mode=explicit" "--strict-model-config=false" "--strict-readiness=false" "--allow-http=true" "--allow-grpc=true"  '
      command:
        - /bin/sh
      image: nvcr.io/nvidia/tritonserver:23.05-py3
      name: triton
      resources:
        limits:
          cpu: "1"
          memory: 2Gi
        requests:
          cpu: "1"
          memory: 2Gi
  grpcDataEndpoint: port:8001
  grpcEndpoint: port:8085
  multiModel: true
  protocolVersions:
    - grpc-v2
    - v2
  supportedModelFormats:
    - autoSelect: true
      name: keras
      version: "2"
    - autoSelect: true
      name: onnx
      version: "1"
    - autoSelect: true
      name: pytorch
      version: "1"
    - autoSelect: true
      name: tensorflow
      version: "1"
    - autoSelect: true
      name: tensorflow
      version: "2"
  6. In the metadata.name field, make sure that the value of the runtime you are adding does not match a runtime that you have already added).

  7. Optional: To use a custom display name for the runtime that you are adding, add a metadata.annotations.openshift.io/display-name field and specify a value, as shown in the following example: 

    apiVersion: serving.kserve.io/v1alpha1
kind: ServingRuntime
metadata:
  name: modelmesh-triton
  annotations:
    openshift.io/display-name: Triton ServingRuntime
    Note

    If you do not configure a custom display name for your runtime, OpenShift AI shows the value of the metadata.name field.

  8. Click Create.

    The Serving runtimes page opens and shows the updated list of runtimes that are installed. Observe that the runtime you added is automatically enabled.

  9. Optional: To edit the runtime, click the action menu (⋮) and select Edit.

Verification

  • The model-serving runtime that you added is shown in an enabled state on the Serving runtimes page.

Additional resources

2.1.4. Adding a model server for the multi-model serving platform

When you have enabled the multi-model serving platform, you must configure a model server to deploy models. If you require extra computing power for use with large datasets, you can assign accelerators to your model server.

Note

In OpenShift AI, Red Hat supports only NVIDIA GPU accelerators for model serving.

Prerequisites

  • You have logged in to Red Hat OpenShift AI.
  • If you use OpenShift AI groups, you are part of the user group or admin group (for example, rhoai-users or rhoai-admins ) in OpenShift.
  • You have created a data science project that you can add a model server to.
  • You have enabled the multi-model serving platform.
  • If you want to use a custom model-serving runtime for your model server, you have added and enabled the runtime. See Adding a custom model-serving runtime.
  • If you want to use graphics processing units (GPUs) with your model server, you have enabled GPU support in OpenShift AI. See Enabling NVIDIA GPUs.

Procedure

  1. In the left menu of the OpenShift AI dashboard, click Data Science Projects.

    The Data Science Projects page opens.

  2. Click the name of the project that you want to configure a model server for.

    A project details page opens.

  3. Click the Models tab.

  4. Perform one of the following actions:

    • If you see a ​Multi-model serving platform tile, click Add model server on the tile.
    • If you do not see any tiles, click the Add model server button.

    The Add model server dialog opens.

  5. In the Model server name field, enter a unique name for the model server.

  6. From the Serving runtime list, select a model-serving runtime that is installed and enabled in your OpenShift AI deployment.

    Note

    If you are using a custom model-serving runtime with your model server and want to use GPUs, you must ensure that your custom runtime supports GPUs and is appropriately configured to use them.

  7. In the Number of model replicas to deploy field, specify a value.
  8. From the Model server size list, select a value.

  9. Optional: If you selected Custom in the preceding step, configure the following settings in the Model server size section to customize your model server:

    1. In the CPUs requested field, specify the number of CPUs to use with your model server. Use the list beside this field to specify the value in cores or millicores.
    2. In the CPU limit field, specify the maximum number of CPUs to use with your model server. Use the list beside this field to specify the value in cores or millicores.
    3. In the Memory requested field, specify the requested memory for the model server in gibibytes (Gi).
    4. In the Memory limit field, specify the maximum memory limit for the model server in gibibytes (Gi).

  10. Optional: From the Accelerator list, select an accelerator.

    1. If you selected an accelerator in the preceding step, specify the number of accelerators to use.
  11. Optional: In the Model route section, select the Make deployed models available through an external route checkbox to make your deployed models available to external clients.

  12. Optional: In the Token authorization section, select the Require token authentication checkbox to require token authentication for your model server. To finish configuring token authentication, perform the following actions:

    1. In the Service account name field, enter a service account name for which the token will be generated. The generated token is created and displayed in the Token secret field when the model server is configured.
    2. To add an additional service account, click Add a service account and enter another service account name.

  13. Click Add.

    • The model server that you configured appears on the Models tab for the project, in the Models and model servers list.
  14. Optional: To update the model server, click the action menu (⋮) beside the model server and select Edit model server.

2.1.5. Deleting a model server

When you no longer need a model server to host models, you can remove it from your data science project.

Note

When you remove a model server, you also remove the models that are hosted on that model server. As a result, the models are no longer available to applications.

Prerequisites

  • You have created a data science project and an associated model server.
  • You have notified the users of the applications that access the models that the models will no longer be available.
  • If you are using OpenShift AI groups, you are part of the user group or admin group (for example, rhoai-users or rhoai-admins) in OpenShift.

Procedure

  1. From the OpenShift AI dashboard, click Data Science Projects.

    The Data Science Projects page opens.

  2. Click the name of the project from which you want to delete the model server.

    A project details page opens.

  3. Click the Models tab.

  4. Click the action menu (⋮) beside the project whose model server you want to delete and then click Delete model server.

    The Delete model server dialog opens.

  5. Enter the name of the model server in the text field to confirm that you intend to delete it.
  6. Click Delete model server.

Verification

  • The model server that you deleted is no longer displayed on the Models tab for the project.

2.2. Working with deployed models

2.2.1. Deploying a model by using the multi-model serving platform

You can deploy trained models on OpenShift AI to enable you to test and implement them into intelligent applications. Deploying a model makes it available as a service that you can access by using an API. This enables you to return predictions based on data inputs.

When you have enabled the multi-model serving platform, you can deploy models on the platform.

Prerequisites

  • You have logged in to Red Hat OpenShift AI.
  • If you are using OpenShift AI groups, you are part of the user group or admin group (for example, rhoai-users) in OpenShift.
  • You have enabled the multi-model serving platform.
  • You have created a data science project and added a model server.
  • You have access to S3-compatible object storage.
  • For the model that you want to deploy, you know the associated folder path in your S3-compatible object storage bucket.

Procedure

  1. In the left menu of the OpenShift AI dashboard, click Data Science Projects.

    The Data Science Projects page opens.

  2. Click the name of the project that you want to deploy a model in.

    A project details page opens.

  3. Click the Models tab.
  4. Click Deploy model.

  5. Configure properties for deploying your model as follows:

    1. In the Model name field, enter a unique name for the model that you are deploying.

    2. From the Model framework list, select a framework for your model.

      Note

      The Model framework list shows only the frameworks that are supported by the model-serving runtime that you specified when you configured your model server.

    3. To specify the location of the model you want to deploy from S3-compatible object storage, perform one of the following sets of actions:

      • To use an existing data connection

        1. Select Existing data connection.
        2. From the Name list, select a data connection that you previously defined.
        3. In the Path field, enter the folder path that contains the model in your specified data source.

      • To use a new data connection

        1. To define a new data connection that your model can access, select New data connection.
        2. In the Name field, enter a unique name for the data connection.
        3. In the Access key field, enter the access key ID for the S3-compatible object storage provider.
        4. In the Secret key field, enter the secret access key for the S3-compatible object storage account that you specified.
        5. In the Endpoint field, enter the endpoint of your S3-compatible object storage bucket.
        6. In the Region field, enter the default region of your S3-compatible object storage account.
        7. In the Bucket field, enter the name of your S3-compatible object storage bucket.
        8. In the Path field, enter the folder path in your S3-compatible object storage that contains your data file.
    4. Click Deploy.

Verification

  • Confirm that the deployed model is shown on the Models tab for the project, and on the Model Serving page of the dashboard with a checkmark in the Status column.

2.2.2. Viewing a deployed model

To analyze the results of your work, you can view a list of deployed models on Red Hat OpenShift AI. You can also view the current statuses of deployed models and their endpoints.

Prerequisites

  • You have logged in to Red Hat OpenShift AI.
  • If you are using OpenShift AI groups, you are part of the user group or admin group (for example, rhoai-users or rhoai-admins) in OpenShift.

Procedure

  1. From the OpenShift AI dashboard, click Model Serving.

    The Deployed models page opens.

    For each model, the page shows details such as the model name, the project in which the model is deployed, the model-serving runtime that the model uses, and the deployment status.

  2. Optional: For a given model, click the link in the Inference endpoint column to see the inference endpoints for the deployed model.

Verification

  • A list of previously deployed data science models is displayed on the Deployed models page.

2.2.3. Updating the deployment properties of a deployed model

You can update the deployment properties of a model that has been deployed previously. This allows you to change the model’s data connection and name.

Prerequisites

  • You have logged in to Red Hat OpenShift AI.
  • If you are using OpenShift AI groups, you are part of the user group or admin group (for example, rhoai-users or rhoai-admins) in OpenShift.
  • You have deployed a model on OpenShift AI.

Procedure

  1. From the OpenShift AI dashboard, click Model Serving.

    The Deployed models page opens.

  2. Click the action menu (⋮) beside the model whose deployment properties you want to update and click Edit.

    The Edit model dialog opens.

  3. Update the deployment properties of the model as follows:

    1. In the Model name field, enter a new, unique name for your model.
    2. From the Model servers list, select a model server for your model.

    3. From the Model framework list, select a framework for your model.

      Note

      The Model framework list shows only the frameworks that are supported by the model-serving runtime that you specified when you configured your model server.

    4. To update how you have specified the location of your model, perform one of the following sets of actions:

      • If you previously specified an existing data connection

        1. In the Path field, update the folder path that contains the model in your specified data source.

      • If you previously specified a new data connection

        1. In the Name field, update a unique name for the data connection.
        2. In the Access key field, update the access key ID for the S3-compatible object storage provider.
        3. In the Secret key field, update the secret access key for the S3-compatible object storage account that you specified.
        4. In the Endpoint field, update the endpoint of your S3-compatible object storage bucket.
        5. In the Region field, update the default region of your S3-compatible object storage account.
        6. In the Bucket field, update the name of your S3-compatible object storage bucket.
        7. In the Path field, update the folder path in your S3-compatible object storage that contains your data file.
    5. Click Redeploy.

Verification

  • The model whose deployment properties you updated is displayed on the Model Serving page of the dashboard.

2.2.4. Deleting a deployed model

You can delete models you have previously deployed. This enables you to remove deployed models that are no longer required.

Prerequisites

  • You have logged in to Red Hat OpenShift AI.
  • If you are using OpenShift AI groups, you are part of the user group or admin group (for example, rhoai-users or rhoai-admins) in OpenShift.
  • You have deployed a model.

Procedure

  1. From the OpenShift AI dashboard, click Model serving.

    The Deployed models page opens.

  2. Click the action menu (⋮) beside the deployed model that you want to delete and click Delete.

    The Delete deployed model dialog opens.

  3. Enter the name of the deployed model in the text field to confirm that you intend to delete it.
  4. Click Delete deployed model.

Verification

  • The model that you deleted is no longer displayed on the Deployed models page.

2.3. Viewing model-serving runtime metrics for the multi-model serving platform

After a cluster administrator has configured monitoring for the multi-model serving platform, non-admin users can use the OpenShift web console to view model-serving runtime metrics for the ModelMesh component.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Log in to the OpenShift web console.
  2. Switch to the Developer perspective.
  3. In the left menu, click Observe.
  4. As described in Monitoring your project metrics in Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated or Monitoring your project metrics in Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS, use the web console to run queries for modelmesh_* metrics.

2.4. Monitoring model performance

In the multi-model serving platform, you can view performance metrics for all models deployed on a model server and for a specific model that is deployed on the model server.

2.4.1. Viewing performance metrics for all models on a model server

You can monitor the following metrics for all the models that are deployed on a model server:

  • HTTP requests per 5 minutes - The number of HTTP requests that have failed or succeeded for all models on the server.
  • Average response time (ms) - For all models on the server, the average time it takes the model server to respond to requests.
  • CPU utilization (%) - The percentage of the CPU’s capacity that is currently being used by all models on the server.
  • Memory utilization (%) - The percentage of the system’s memory that is currently being used by all models on the server.

You can specify a time range and a refresh interval for these metrics to help you determine, for example, when the peak usage hours are and how the models are performing at a specified time.

Prerequisites

  • You have installed Red Hat OpenShift AI.
  • On the OpenShift cluster where OpenShift AI is installed, user workload monitoring is enabled.
  • You have logged in to Red Hat OpenShift AI.
  • If you are using OpenShift AI groups, you are part of the user group or admin group (for example, rhoai-users or rhoai-admins) in OpenShift.
  • You have deployed models on the multi-model serving platform.

Procedure

  1. From the OpenShift AI dashboard navigation menu, click Data Science Projects.

    The Data Science Projects page opens.

  2. Click the name of the project that contains the data science models that you want to monitor.
  3. In the project details page, click the Models tab.
  4. In the row for the model server that you are interested in, click the action menu (⋮) and then select View model server metrics.

  5. Optional: On the metrics page for the model server, set the following options:

    • Time range - Specifies how long to track the metrics. You can select one of these values: 1 hour, 24 hours, 7 days, and 30 days.
    • Refresh interval - Specifies how frequently the graphs on the metrics page are refreshed (to show the latest data). You can select one of these values: 15 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 1 day.
  6. Scroll down to view data graphs for HTTP requests per 5 minutes, average response time, CPU utilization, and memory utilization.

Verification

On the metrics page for the model server, the graphs provide data on performance metrics.

2.4.2. Viewing HTTP request metrics for a deployed model

You can view a graph that illustrates the HTTP requests that have failed or succeeded for a specific model that is deployed on the multi-model serving platform.

Prerequisites

  • You have installed Red Hat OpenShift AI.
  • On the OpenShift cluster where OpenShift AI is installed, user workload monitoring is enabled.

  • The following dashboard configuration options are set to the default values as shown: 

    disablePerformanceMetrics:false
disableKServeMetrics:false

    For more information, see Dashboard configuration options.

  • You have logged in to Red Hat OpenShift AI.
  • If you are using OpenShift AI groups, you are part of the user group or admin group (for example, rhoai-users or rhoai-admins) in OpenShift.
  • You have deployed models on the multi-model serving platform.

Procedure

  1. From the OpenShift AI dashboard navigation menu, select Model Serving.
  2. On the Deployed models page, select the model that you are interested in.

  3. Optional: On the Endpoint performance tab, set the following options:

    • Time range - Specifies how long to track the metrics. You can select one of these values: 1 hour, 24 hours, 7 days, and 30 days.
    • Refresh interval - Specifies how frequently the graphs on the metrics page are refreshed (to show the latest data). You can select one of these values: 15 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 1 day.

Verification

The Endpoint performance tab shows a graph of the HTTP metrics for the model.

Chapter 3. Serving large models

For deploying large models such as large language models (LLMs), Red Hat OpenShift AI includes a single model serving platform that is based on the KServe component. Because each model is deployed from its own model server, the single model serving platform helps you to deploy, monitor, scale, and maintain large models that require increased resources.

3.1. About the single-model serving platform

For deploying large models such as large language models (LLMs), OpenShift AI includes a single-model serving platform that is based on the KServe component. Because each model is deployed on its own model server, the single-model serving platform helps you to deploy, monitor, scale, and maintain large models that require increased resources.

3.2. Components

  • KServe: A Kubernetes custom resource definition (CRD) that orchestrates model serving for all types of models. KServe includes model-serving runtimes that implement the loading of given types of model servers. KServe also handles the lifecycle of the deployment object, storage access, and networking setup.
  • Red Hat OpenShift Serverless: A cloud-native development model that allows for serverless deployments of models. OpenShift Serverless is based on the open source Knative project.
  • Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh: A service mesh networking layer that manages traffic flows and enforces access policies. OpenShift Service Mesh is based on the open source Istio project.

3.3. Installation options

To install the single-model serving platform, you have the following options:

Automated installation

If you have not already created a ServiceMeshControlPlane or KNativeServing resource on your OpenShift cluster, you can configure the Red Hat OpenShift AI Operator to install KServe and configure its dependencies.

For more information about automated installation, see Configuring automated installation of KServe.

Manual installation

If you have already created a ServiceMeshControlPlane or KNativeServing resource on your OpenShift cluster, you cannot configure the Red Hat OpenShift AI Operator to install KServe and configure its dependencies. In this situation, you must install KServe manually.

For more information about manual installation, see Manually installing KServe.

3.4. Authorization

You can add Authorino as an authorization provider for the single-model serving platform. Adding an authorization provider allows you to enable token authorization for models that you deploy on the platform, which ensures that only authorized parties can make inference requests to the models.

To add Authorino as an authorization provider on the single-model serving platform, you have the following options:

  • If automated installation of the single-model serving platform is possible on your cluster, you can include Authorino as part of the automated installation process.
  • If you need to manually install the single-model serving platform, you must also manually configure Authorino.

For guidance on choosing an installation option for the single-model serving platform, see Installation options.

3.5. Monitoring

You can configure monitoring for the single-model serving platform and use Prometheus to scrape metrics for each of the pre-installed model-serving runtimes.

3.6. Supported model-serving runtimes

OpenShift AI includes several preinstalled model-serving runtimes. You can use preinstalled model-serving runtimes to start serving models without modifying or defining the runtime yourself. You can also add a custom runtime to support a model.

For help adding a custom runtime, see Adding a custom model-serving runtime for the single-model serving platform.

Table 3.1. Model-serving runtimes
NameDescriptionExported model format

Caikit Text Generation Inference Server (Caikit-TGIS) ServingRuntime for KServe (1)

A composite runtime for serving models in the Caikit format

Caikit Text Generation

Caikit Standalone ServingRuntime for KServe (2)

A runtime for serving models in the Caikit embeddings format for embeddings tasks

Caikit Embeddings

OpenVINO Model Server

A scalable, high-performance runtime for serving models that are optimized for Intel architectures

PyTorch, TensorFlow, OpenVINO IR, PaddlePaddle, MXNet, Caffe, Kaldi

Text Generation Inference Server (TGIS) Standalone ServingRuntime for KServe (3)

A runtime for serving TGI-enabled models

PyTorch Model Formats

vLLM ServingRuntime for KServe

A high-throughput and memory-efficient inference and serving runtime for large language models

Supported models

  1. The composite Caikit-TGIS runtime is based on Caikit and Text Generation Inference Server (TGIS). To use this runtime, you must convert your models to Caikit format. For an example, see Converting Hugging Face Hub models to Caikit format in the caikit-tgis-serving repository.
  2. The Caikit Standalone runtime is based on Caikit NLP. To use this runtime, you must convert your models to the Caikit embeddings format. For an example, see Tests for text embedding module.
  3. Text Generation Inference Server (TGIS) is based on an early fork of Hugging Face TGI. Red Hat will continue to develop the standalone TGIS runtime to support TGI models. If a model is incompatible in the current version of OpenShift AI, support might be added in a future version. In the meantime, you can also add your own custom runtime to support a TGI model. For more information, see Adding a custom model-serving runtime for the single-model serving platform.
Table 3.2. Deployment requirements
NameDefault protocolAdditonal protocolModel mesh supportSingle node OpenShift supportDeployment mode

Caikit Text Generation Inference Server (Caikit-TGIS) ServingRuntime for KServe

REST

gRPC

No

Yes

Raw and serverless

Caikit Standalone ServingRuntime for KServe

REST

gRPC

No

Yes

Raw and serverless

OpenVINO Model Server

REST

None

Yes

Yes

Raw and serverless

Text Generation Inference Server (TGIS) Standalone ServingRuntime for KServe

gRPC

None

No

Yes

Raw and serverless

vLLM ServingRuntime for KServe

REST

None

No

Yes

Raw and serverless

Additional resources

3.7. Tested and verified model-serving runtimes

Tested and verified runtimes are community versions of model-serving runtimes that have been tested and verified against specific versions of OpenShift AI.

Red Hat tests the current version of a tested and verified runtime each time there is a new version of OpenShift AI. If a new version of a tested and verified runtime is released in the middle of an OpenShift AI release cycle, it will be tested and verified in an upcoming release.

A list of the tested and verified runtimes and compatible versions is available in the OpenShift AI release notes.

Note

Tested and verified runtimes are not directly supported by Red Hat. You are responsible for ensuring that you are licensed to use any tested and verified runtimes that you add, and for correctly configuring and maintaining them.

For more information, see Tested and verified runtimes in OpenShift AI.

Table 3.3. Model-serving runtimes
NameDescriptionExported model format

NVIDIA Triton Inference Server

An open-source inference-serving software for fast and scalable AI in applications.

TensorRT, TensorFlow, PyTorch, ONNX, OpenVINO, Python, RAPIDS FIL, and more

Table 3.4. Deployment requirements
NameDefault protocolAdditonal protocolModel mesh supportSingle node OpenShift supportDeployment mode

NVIDIA Triton Inference Server

gRPC

REST

Yes

Yes

Raw and serverless

Additional resources

3.8. Inference endpoints

These examples show how to use inference endpoints to query the model.

Note

If you enabled token authorization when deploying the model, add the Authorization header and specify a token value.

3.8.1. Caikit TGIS ServingRuntime for KServe

  • :443/api/v1/task/text-generation
  • :443/api/v1/task/server-streaming-text-generation

Example command

curl --json '{"model_id": "<model_name__>", "inputs": "<text>"}' https://<inference_endpoint_url>:443/api/v1/task/server-streaming-text-generation -H 'Authorization: Bearer <token>'

3.8.2. Caikit Standalone ServingRuntime for KServe

If you are serving multiple models, you can query /info/models or :443 caikit.runtime.info.InfoService/GetModelsInfo to view a list of served models.

REST endpoints

  • /api/v1/task/embedding
  • /api/v1/task/embedding-tasks
  • /api/v1/task/sentence-similarity
  • /api/v1/task/sentence-similarity-tasks
  • /api/v1/task/rerank
  • /api/v1/task/rerank-tasks
  • /info/models
  • /info/version
  • /info/runtime

gRPC endpoints

  • :443 caikit.runtime.Nlp.NlpService/EmbeddingTaskPredict
  • :443 caikit.runtime.Nlp.NlpService/EmbeddingTasksPredict
  • :443 caikit.runtime.Nlp.NlpService/SentenceSimilarityTaskPredict
  • :443 caikit.runtime.Nlp.NlpService/SentenceSimilarityTasksPredict
  • :443 caikit.runtime.Nlp.NlpService/RerankTaskPredict
  • :443 caikit.runtime.Nlp.NlpService/RerankTasksPredict
  • :443 caikit.runtime.info.InfoService/GetModelsInfo
  • :443 caikit.runtime.info.InfoService/GetRuntimeInfo
Note

By default, the Caikit Standalone Runtime exposes REST endpoints. To use gRPC protocol, manually deploy a custom Caikit Standalone ServingRuntime. For more information, see Adding a custom model-serving runtime for the single-model serving platform.

An example manifest is available in the caikit-tgis-serving GitHub repository.

REST 

curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"inputs": "<text>", "model_id": "<model_id>"}' <inference_endpoint_url>/api/v1/task/embedding -H 'Authorization: Bearer <token>'

gRPC 

grpcurl -d '{"text": "<text>"}' -H \"mm-model-id: <model_id>\" <inference_endpoint_url>:443 caikit.runtime.Nlp.NlpService/EmbeddingTaskPredict -H 'Authorization: Bearer <token>'

3.8.3. TGIS Standalone ServingRuntime for KServe

  • :443 fmaas.GenerationService/Generate

  • :443 fmaas.GenerationService/GenerateStream

    Note

    To query the endpoint for the TGIS standalone runtime, you must also download the files in the proto directory of the OpenShift AI text-generation-inference repository.

Example command

grpcurl -proto text-generation-inference/proto/generation.proto -d '{"requests": [{"text":"<text>"}]}' -H 'Authorization: Bearer <token>' -insecure <inference_endpoint_url>:443 fmaas.GenerationService/Generate

3.8.4. OpenVINO Model Server

  • /v2/models/<model-name>/infer

Example command

curl -ks <inference_endpoint_url>/v2/models/<model_name>/infer -d '{ "model_name": "<model_name>", "inputs": [{ "name": "<name_of_model_input>", "shape": [<shape>], "datatype": "<data_type>", "data": [<data>] }]}' -H 'Authorization: Bearer <token>'

3.8.5. vLLM ServingRuntime for KServe

  • :443/version
  • :443/docs
  • :443/v1/models
  • :443/v1/chat/completions
  • :443/v1/completions
  • :443/v1/embeddings
  • :443/tokenize

  • :443/detokenize

    Note
    • The vLLM runtime is compatible with the OpenAI REST API. For a list of models that the vLLM runtime supports, see Supported models.
    • To use the embeddings inference endpoint in vLLM, you must use an embeddings model that the vLLM supports. You cannot use the embeddings endpoint with generative models. For more information, see Supported embeddings models in vLLM.

    • As of vLLM v0.5.5, you must provide a chat template while querying a model using the /v1/chat/completions endpoint. If your model does not include a predefined chat template, you can use the chat-template command-line parameter to specify a chat template in your custom vLLM runtime, as shown in the example. Replace <CHAT_TEMPLATE> with the path to your template. 

      containers:
  - args:
      - --chat-template=<CHAT_TEMPLATE>

      You can use the chat templates that are available as .jinja files here or with the vLLM image under /apps/data/template. For more information, see Chat templates.

    As indicated by the paths shown, the single-model serving platform uses the HTTPS port of your OpenShift router (usually port 443) to serve external API requests.

Example command

curl -v https://<inference_endpoint_url>:443/v1/chat/completions -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{ "messages": [{ "role": "<role>", "content": "<content>" }] -H 'Authorization: Bearer <token>'

3.8.6. NVIDIA Triton Inference Server

REST endpoints

  • v2/models/[/versions/<model_version>]/infer
  • v2/models/<model_name>[/versions/<model_version>]
  • v2/health/ready
  • v2/health/live
  • v2/models/<model_name>[/versions/]/ready
  • v2

Example command

curl -ks <inference_endpoint_url>/v2/models/<model_name>/infer -d '{ "model_name": "<model_name>", "inputs": [{ "name": "<name_of_model_input>", "shape": [<shape>], "datatype": "<data_type>", "data": [<data>] }]}' -H 'Authorization: Bearer <token>'

gRPC endpoints

  • :443 inference.GRPCInferenceService/ModelInfer
  • :443 inference.GRPCInferenceService/ModelReady
  • :443 inference.GRPCInferenceService/ModelMetadata
  • :443 inference.GRPCInferenceService/ServerReady
  • :443 inference.GRPCInferenceService/ServerLive
  • :443 inference.GRPCInferenceService/ServerMetadata

Example command

grpcurl -cacert ./openshift_ca_istio_knative.crt -proto ./grpc_predict_v2.proto -d @ -H "Authorization: Bearer <token>" <inference_endpoint_url>:443 inference.GRPCInferenceService/ModelMetadata

3.8.7. Additional resources

3.9. About KServe deployment modes

By default, you can deploy models on the single-model serving platform with KServe by using Red Hat OpenShift Serverless, which is a cloud-native development model that allows for serverless deployments of models. OpenShift Serverless is based on the open source Knative project. In addition, serverless mode is dependent on the Red Hat OpenShift Serverless Operator.

Alternatively, you can use raw deployment mode, which is not dependent on the Red Hat OpenShift Serverless Operator. With raw deployment mode, you can deploy models with Kubernetes resources, such as Deployment, Service, Ingress, and Horizontal Pod Autoscaler.

Important

Deploying a machine learning model using KServe raw deployment mode is a Limited Availability feature. Limited Availability means that you can install and receive support for the feature only with specific approval from the Red Hat AI Business Unit. Without such approval, the feature is unsupported. In addition, this feature is only supported on Self-Managed deployments of single node OpenShift.

There are both advantages and disadvantages to using each of these deployment modes:

3.9.1. Serverless mode

Advantages:

  • Enables autoscaling based on request volume:

    • Resources scale up automatically when receiving incoming requests.
    • Optimizes resource usage and maintains performance during peak times.

  • Supports scale down to and from zero using Knative:

    • Allows resources to scale down completely when there are no incoming requests.
    • Saves costs by not running idle resources.

Disadvantages:

  • Has customization limitations:

    • Serverless is limited to Knative, such as when mounting multiple volumes.

  • Dependency on Knative for scaling:

    • Introduces additional complexity in setup and management compared to traditional scaling methods.

3.9.2. Raw deployment mode

Advantages:

  • Enables deployment with Kubernetes resources, such as Deployment, Service, Ingress, and Horizontal Pod Autoscaler:

    • Provides full control over Kubernetes resources, allowing for detailed customization and configuration of deployment settings.

  • Unlocks Knative limitations, such as being unable to mount multiple volumes:

    • Beneficial for applications requiring complex configurations or multiple storage mounts.

Disadvantages:

  • Does not support automatic scaling:

    • Does not support automatic scaling down to zero resources when idle.
    • Might result in higher costs during periods of low traffic.
  • Requires manual management of scaling.

3.10. Deploying models by using the single-model serving platform

On the single-model serving platform, each model is deployed on its own model server. This helps you to deploy, monitor, scale, and maintain large models that require increased resources.

Important

If you want to use the single-model serving platform to deploy a model from S3-compatible storage that uses a self-signed SSL certificate, you must install a certificate authority (CA) bundle on your OpenShift cluster. For more information, see Working with certificates.

3.10.1. Enabling the single-model serving platform

When you have installed KServe, you can use the Red Hat OpenShift AI dashboard to enable the single-model serving platform. You can also use the dashboard to enable model-serving runtimes for the platform.

Prerequisites

  • You have logged in to OpenShift AI as a user with OpenShift AI administrator privileges.
  • You have installed KServe.
  • Your cluster administrator has not edited the OpenShift AI dashboard configuration to disable the ability to select the single-model serving platform, which uses the KServe component. For more information, see Dashboard configuration options.

Procedure

  1. Enable the single-model serving platform as follows:

    1. In the left menu, click Settings → Cluster settings.
    2. Locate the Model serving platforms section.
    3. To enable the single-model serving platform for projects, select the Single-model serving platform checkbox.
    4. Click Save changes.

  2. Enable preinstalled runtimes for the single-model serving platform as follows:

    1. In the left menu of the OpenShift AI dashboard, click Settings → Serving runtimes.

      The Serving runtimes page shows preinstalled runtimes and any custom runtimes that you have added.

      For more information about preinstalled runtimes, see Supported runtimes.

    2. Set the runtime that you want to use to Enabled.

      The single-model serving platform is now available for model deployments.

3.10.2. Adding a custom model-serving runtime for the single-model serving platform

A model-serving runtime adds support for a specified set of model frameworks and the model formats supported by those frameworks. You can use the pre-installed runtimes that are included with OpenShift AI. You can also add your own custom runtimes if the default runtimes do not meet your needs. For example, if the TGIS runtime does not support a model format that is supported by Hugging Face Text Generation Inference (TGI), you can create a custom runtime to add support for the model.

As an administrator, you can use the OpenShift AI interface to add and enable a custom model-serving runtime. You can then choose the custom runtime when you deploy a model on the single-model serving platform.

Note

Red Hat does not provide support for custom runtimes. You are responsible for ensuring that you are licensed to use any custom runtimes that you add, and for correctly configuring and maintaining them.

Prerequisites

  • You have logged in to OpenShift AI as a user with OpenShift AI administrator privileges.
  • You have built your custom runtime and added the image to a container image repository such as Quay.

Procedure

  1. From the OpenShift AI dashboard, click Settings > Serving runtimes.

    The Serving runtimes page opens and shows the model-serving runtimes that are already installed and enabled.

  2. To add a custom runtime, choose one of the following options:

    • To start with an existing runtime (for example, TGIS Standalone ServingRuntime for KServe), click the action menu (⋮) next to the existing runtime and then click Duplicate.
    • To add a new custom runtime, click Add serving runtime.
  3. In the Select the model serving platforms this runtime supports list, select Single-model serving platform.
  4. In the Select the API protocol this runtime supports list, select REST or gRPC.

  5. Optional: If you started a new runtime (rather than duplicating an existing one), add your code by choosing one of the following options:

    • Upload a YAML file

      1. Click Upload files.

      2. In the file browser, select a YAML file on your computer.

        The embedded YAML editor opens and shows the contents of the file that you uploaded.

    • Enter YAML code directly in the editor

      1. Click Start from scratch.
      2. Enter or paste YAML code directly in the embedded editor.
    Note

    In many cases, creating a custom runtime will require adding new or custom parameters to the env section of the ServingRuntime specification.

  6. Click Add.

    The Serving runtimes page opens and shows the updated list of runtimes that are installed. Observe that the custom runtime that you added is automatically enabled. The API protocol that you specified when creating the runtime is shown.

  7. Optional: To edit your custom runtime, click the action menu (⋮) and select Edit.

Verification

  • The custom model-serving runtime that you added is shown in an enabled state on the Serving runtimes page.

3.10.3. Adding a tested and verified model-serving runtime for the single-model serving platform

In addition to preinstalled and custom model-serving runtimes, you can also use Red Hat tested and verified model-serving runtimes such as the NVIDIA Triton Inference Server to support your needs. For more information about Red Hat tested and verified runtimes, see Tested and verified runtimes for Red Hat OpenShift AI.

You can use the Red Hat OpenShift AI dashboard to add and enable the NVIDIA Triton Inference Server runtime for the single-model serving platform. You can then choose the runtime when you deploy a model on the single-model serving platform.

Prerequisites

  • You have logged in to OpenShift AI as a user with OpenShift AI administrator privileges.

Procedure

  1. From the OpenShift AI dashboard, click Settings > Serving runtimes.

    The Serving runtimes page opens and shows the model-serving runtimes that are already installed and enabled.

  2. Click Add serving runtime.
  3. In the Select the model serving platforms this runtime supports list, select Single-model serving platform.
  4. In the Select the API protocol this runtime supports list, select REST or gRPC.

  5. Click Start from scratch.

    1. If you selected the REST API protocol, enter or paste the following YAML code directly in the embedded editor. 

      apiVersion: serving.kserve.io/v1alpha1
kind: ServingRuntime
metadata:
  name: triton-kserve-rest
  labels:
    opendatahub.io/dashboard: "true"
spec:
  annotations:
    prometheus.kserve.io/path: /metrics
    prometheus.kserve.io/port: "8002"
  containers:
    - args:
        - tritonserver
        - --model-store=/mnt/models
        - --grpc-port=9000
        - --http-port=8080
        - --allow-grpc=true
        - --allow-http=true
      image: nvcr.io/nvidia/tritonserver:23.05-py3
      name: kserve-container
      resources:
        limits:
          cpu: "1"
          memory: 2Gi
        requests:
          cpu: "1"
          memory: 2Gi
      ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
          protocol: TCP
  protocolVersions:
    - v2
    - grpc-v2
  supportedModelFormats:
    - autoSelect: true
      name: tensorflow
      version: "1"
    - autoSelect: true
      name: tensorflow
      version: "2"
    - autoSelect: true
      name: onnx
      version: "1"
    - name: pytorch
      version: "1"
    - autoSelect: true
      name: keras
      version: "2"

    2. If you selected the gRPC API protocol, enter or paste the following YAML code directly in the embedded editor. 

      apiVersion: serving.kserve.io/v1alpha1
kind: ServingRuntime
metadata:
  name: triton-kserve-grpc
  labels:
    opendatahub.io/dashboard: "true"
spec:
  annotations:
    prometheus.kserve.io/path: /metrics
    prometheus.kserve.io/port: "8002"
  containers:
    - args:
        - tritonserver
        - --model-store=/mnt/models
        - --grpc-port=9000
        - --http-port=8080
        - --allow-grpc=true
        - --allow-http=true
      image: nvcr.io/nvidia/tritonserver:23.05-py3
      name: kserve-container
      ports:
        - containerPort: 9000
          name: h2c
          protocol: TCP
      volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /dev/shm
          name: shm
      resources:
        limits:
          cpu: "1"
          memory: 2Gi
        requests:
          cpu: "1"
          memory: 2Gi
  protocolVersions:
    - v2
    - grpc-v2
  supportedModelFormats:
    - autoSelect: true
      name: keras
      version: "2"
    - autoSelect: true
      name: tensorflow
      version: "1"
    - autoSelect: true
      name: tensorflow
      version: "2"
    - autoSelect: true
      name: onnx
      version: "1"
    - name: pytorch
      version: "1"
volumes:
  - emptyDir: null
    medium: Memory
    sizeLimit: 2Gi
    name: shm
  6. In the metadata.name field, make sure that the value of the runtime you are adding does not match a runtime that you have already added).

  7. Optional: To use a custom display name for the runtime that you are adding, add a metadata.annotations.openshift.io/display-name field and specify a value, as shown in the following example: 

    apiVersion: serving.kserve.io/v1alpha1
kind: ServingRuntime
metadata:
  name: kserve-triton
  annotations:
    openshift.io/display-name: Triton ServingRuntime
    Note

    If you do not configure a custom display name for your runtime, OpenShift AI shows the value of the metadata.name field.

  8. Click Create.

    The Serving runtimes page opens and shows the updated list of runtimes that are installed. Observe that the runtime that you added is automatically enabled. The API protocol that you specified when creating the runtime is shown.

  9. Optional: To edit the runtime, click the action menu (⋮) and select Edit.

Verification

  • The model-serving runtime that you added is shown in an enabled state on the Serving runtimes page.

Additional resources

3.10.4. Deploying models on the single-model serving platform

When you have enabled the single-model serving platform, you can enable a pre-installed or custom model-serving runtime and start to deploy models on the platform.

Note

Text Generation Inference Server (TGIS) is based on an early fork of Hugging Face TGI. Red Hat will continue to develop the standalone TGIS runtime to support TGI models. If a model does not work in the current version of OpenShift AI, support might be added in a future version. In the meantime, you can also add your own, custom runtime to support a TGI model. For more information, see Adding a custom model-serving runtime for the single-model serving platform.

Prerequisites

  • You have logged in to Red Hat OpenShift AI.
  • If you are using OpenShift AI groups, you are part of the user group or admin group (for example, rhoai-users or rhoai-admins) in OpenShift.
  • You have installed KServe.
  • You have enabled the single-model serving platform. To enable token authorization and external model routes for deployed models, you have added Authorino as an authorization provider. For more information, see Adding an authorization provider for the single-model serving platform.
  • You have created a data science project.
  • You have access to S3-compatible object storage.
  • For the model that you want to deploy, you know the associated folder path in your S3-compatible object storage bucket.
  • To use the Caikit-TGIS runtime, you have converted your model to Caikit format. For an example, see Converting Hugging Face Hub models to Caikit format in the caikit-tgis-serving repository.
  • If you want to use graphics processing units (GPUs) with your model server, you have enabled GPU support in OpenShift AI. See Enabling NVIDIA GPUs.
  • To use the vLLM runtime, you have enabled GPU support in OpenShift AI and have installed and configured the Node Feature Discovery operator on your cluster. For more information, see Installing the Node Feature Discovery operator and Enabling NVIDIA GPUs
Note

In OpenShift AI, Red Hat supports only NVIDIA GPU accelerators for model serving.

  • To deploy RHEL AI models:

    • You have enabled the vLLM runtime.
    • You have downloaded the model from the Red Hat container registry and uploaded it to S3-compatible object storage.

Procedure

  1. In the left menu, click Data Science Projects.

    The Data Science Projects page opens.

  2. Click the name of the project that you want to deploy a model in.

    A project details page opens.

  3. Click the Models tab.

  4. Perform one of the following actions:

    • If you see a ​​Single-model serving platform tile, click Deploy model on the tile.
    • If you do not see any tiles, click the Deploy model button.

    The Deploy model dialog opens.

  5. In the Model deployment name field, enter a unique name for the model that you are deploying.
  6. In the Serving runtime field, select an enabled runtime.
  7. From the Model framework (name - version) list, select a value.
  8. In the Number of model server replicas to deploy field, specify a value.
  9. From the Model server size list, select a value.

  10. The following options are only available if you have enabled GPU support on your cluster and created an accelerator profile:

    1. From the Accelerator list, select an accelerator.
    2. If you selected an accelerator in the preceding step, specify the number of accelerators to use in the Number of accelerators field.
  11. Optional: In the Model route section, select the Make deployed models available through an external route checkbox to make your deployed models available to external clients.

  12. To require token authorization for inference requests to the deployed model, perform the following actions:

    1. Select Require token authorization.
    2. In the Service account name field, enter the service account name that the token will be generated for.

  13. To specify the location of your model, perform one of the following sets of actions:

    • To use an existing data connection

      1. Select Existing data connection.
      2. From the Name list, select a data connection that you previously defined.

      3. In the Path field, enter the folder path that contains the model in your specified data source.

        Important

        The OpenVINO Model Server runtime has specific requirements for how you specify the model path. For more information, see known issue RHOAIENG-3025 in the OpenShift AI release notes.

    • To use a new data connection

      1. To define a new data connection that your model can access, select New data connection.
      2. In the Name field, enter a unique name for the data connection.
      3. In the Access key field, enter the access key ID for your S3-compatible object storage provider.
      4. In the Secret key field, enter the secret access key for the S3-compatible object storage account that you specified.
      5. In the Endpoint field, enter the endpoint of your S3-compatible object storage bucket.
      6. In the Region field, enter the default region of your S3-compatible object storage account.
      7. In the Bucket field, enter the name of your S3-compatible object storage bucket.

      8. In the Path field, enter the folder path in your S3-compatible object storage that contains your data file.

        Important

        The OpenVINO Model Server runtime has specific requirements for how you specify the model path. For more information, see known issue RHOAIENG-3025 in the OpenShift AI release notes.

  14. Click Deploy.

Verification

  • Confirm that the deployed model is shown on the Models tab for the project, and on the Model Serving page of the dashboard with a checkmark in the Status column.

3.10.5. Using OCI containers for model storage

As an alternative to storing a model in an S3 bucket or URI, you can upload models to OCI containers. Using OCI containers for model storage can help you:

  • Reduce startup times by avoiding downloading the same model multiple times.
  • Reduce disk space usage by reducing the number of models downloaded locally.
  • Improve model performance by allowing pre-fetched images.

This guide shows you how to manually deploy a MobileNet v2-7 model in an ONNX format, stored in an OCI image on an OpenVINO model server.

Important

Using OCI containers for model storage is currently available in Red Hat OpenShift AI as a Technology Preview feature. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

Prerequisites

  • You have a model in the ONNX format.
3.10.5.1. Creating an OCI image and storing a model in the container image

Procedure

  1. From your local machine, create a temporary directory to store both the downloaded model and support files to create the OCI image: 

    cd $(mktemp -d)

  2. Create a models folder inside the temporary directory and download your model: 

    mkdir -p models/1

DOWNLOAD_URL=https://github.com/onnx/models/raw/main/validated/vision/classification/mobilenet/model/mobilenetv2-7.onnx
curl -L $DOWNLOAD_URL -O --output-dir models/1/
    Note

    The subdirectory 1 is used because OpenVINO requires numbered subdirectories for model versioning. If you are not using OpenVINO, you do not need to create the 1 subdirectory to use OCI container images.

  3. Create a Docker file named Containerfile with the following contents: 

    FROM registry.access.redhat.com/ubi9/ubi-micro:latest
COPY --chown=0:0 models /models
RUN chmod -R a=rX /models

# nobody user
USER 65534
    Note
    • In this example, ubi9-micro is used as a base container image. You cannot use empty images that do not provide a shell, such as scratch, because KServe uses the shell to ensure the model files are accessible to the model server.
    • Ownership of the copied model files and read permissions are granted to the root group. OpenShift runs containers with a random user ID and the root group ID. Changing ownership of the group ensures that the model server can access them.

  4. Confirm that the models follow the directory structure shown using the tree command: 

    tree

.
├── Containerfile
└── models
    └── 1
        └── mobilenetv2-7.onnx

  5. Create the OCI container image with Podman, and upload it to a registry. For example, using Quay as the registry: 

    podman build --format=oci -t quay.io/<user_name>/<repository_name>:<tag_name> .
podman push quay.io/<user_name>/<repository_name>:<tag_name>
    Note

    If your repository is private, ensure you are authenticated to the registry before uploading your container image.

3.10.5.2. Deploying a model stored in an OCI image from a public repository
Note

By default in KServe, models are exposed outside the cluster and not protected with authorization.

  1. Create a namespace to deploy the model: 

    oc new-project oci-model-example

  2. Use the OpenShift AI Applications project kserve-ovms template to create a ServingRuntime resource and configure the OpenVINO model server in the new namespace: 

    oc process -n redhat-ods-applications -o yaml kserve-ovms | oc apply -f -

    1. Verify that the ServingRuntime has been created with the kserve-ovms name: 

      oc get servingruntimes

NAME          DISABLED   MODELTYPE     CONTAINERS         AGE
kserve-ovms              openvino_ir   kserve-container   1m

  3. Create an InferenceService YAML resource with the following values: 

    apiVersion: serving.kserve.io/v1beta1
kind: InferenceService
metadata:
  name: sample-isvc-using-oci
spec:
  predictor:
    model:
      runtime: kserve-ovms # Ensure this matches the name of the ServingRuntime resource
      modelFormat:
        name: onnx
      storageUri: oci://quay.io/<user_name>/<repository_name>:<tag_name>
    Important

    The ServingRuntime and InferenceService configurations do not set any resource limits.

Verification

After you create the InferenceService resource, KServe deploys the model stored in the OCI image referred to by the storageUri field. Check the status of the deployment with the following command: 

oc get inferenceservice

NAME                    URL                                                       READY   PREV   LATEST   PREVROLLEDOUTREVISION   LATESTREADYREVISION                     AGE
sample-isvc-using-oci   https://sample-isvc-using-oci-oci-model-example.example   True           100                              sample-isvc-using-oci-predictor-00001   1m
3.10.5.3. Deploying a model stored in an OCI image from a private repository

To deploy a model stored from a private OCI repository, you must configure an image pull secret. For more information about creating an image pull secret, see Using image pull secrets.

  1. Follow the steps in the previous section for deploying a model. However, when creating the InferenceService in step 3, specify your pull secret in the spec.predictor.imagePullSecrets field: 

    apiVersion: serving.kserve.io/v1beta1
kind: InferenceService
metadata:
  name: sample-isvc-using-private-oci
spec:
  predictor:
    model:
      runtime: kserve-ovms
      modelFormat:
        name: onnx
      storageUri: oci://quay.io/<user_name>/<repository_name>:<tag_name>
    imagePullSecrets: # Specify image pull secrets to use for fetching container images (including OCI model images)
    - name: <pull-secret-name>

3.11. Making inference requests to models deployed on the single-model serving platform

When you deploy a model by using the single-model serving platform, the model is available as a service that you can access using API requests. This enables you to return predictions based on data inputs. To use API requests to interact with your deployed model, you must know the inference endpoint for the model.

In addition, if you secured your inference endpoint by enabling token authorization, you must know how to access your authorization token so that you can specify this in your inference requests.

3.11.1. Accessing the authorization token for a deployed model

If you secured your model inference endpoint by enabling token authorization, you must know how to access your authorization token so that you can specify it in your inference requests.

Prerequisites

  • You have logged in to Red Hat OpenShift AI.
  • If you are using OpenShift AI groups, you are part of the user group or admin group (for example, rhoai-users or rhoai-admins) in OpenShift.
  • You have deployed a model by using the single-model serving platform.

Procedure

  1. From the OpenShift AI dashboard, click Data Science Projects.

    The Data Science Projects page opens.

  2. Click the name of the project that contains your deployed model.

    A project details page opens.

  3. Click the Models tab.

  4. In the Models and model servers list, expand the section for your model.

    Your authorization token is shown in the Token authorization section, in the Token secret field.

  5. Optional: To copy the authorization token for use in an inference request, click the Copy button ( osd copy ) next to the token value.

3.11.2. Accessing the inference endpoint for a deployed model

To make inference requests to your deployed model, you must know how to access the inference endpoint that is available.

For a list of paths to use with the supported runtimes and example commands, see Inference endpoints.

Prerequisites

  • You have logged in to Red Hat OpenShift AI.
  • If you are using OpenShift AI groups, you are part of the user group or admin group (for example, rhoai-users or rhoai-admins) in OpenShift.
  • You have deployed a model by using the single-model serving platform.
  • If you enabled token authorization for your deployed model, you have the associated token value.

Procedure

  1. From the OpenShift AI dashboard, click Model Serving.

    The inference endpoint for the model is shown in the Inference endpoint field.

  2. Depending on what action you want to perform with the model (and if the model supports that action), copy the inference endpoint and then add a path to the end of the URL.
  3. Use the endpoint to make API requests to your deployed model.

Additional resources

3.12. Viewing model-serving runtime metrics for the single-model serving platform

When a cluster administrator has configured monitoring for the single-model serving platform, non-admin users can use the OpenShift web console to view model-serving runtime metrics for the KServe component.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Log in to the OpenShift web console.
  2. Switch to the Developer perspective.
  3. In the left menu, click Observe.

  4. As described in Monitoring your project metrics in Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated or Monitoring your project metrics in Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS, use the web console to run queries for caikit_*, tgi_*, ovms_* and vllm:* model-serving runtime metrics. You can also run queries for istio_* metrics that are related to OpenShift Service Mesh. Some examples are shown.

    1. The following query displays the number of successful inference requests over a period of time for a model deployed with the vLLM runtime: 

      sum(increase(vllm:request_success_total{namespace=${namespace},model_name=${model_name}}[${rate_interval}]))

    2. The following query displays the number of successful inference requests over a period of time for a model deployed with the standalone TGIS runtime: 

      sum(increase(tgi_request_success{namespace=${namespace}, pod=~${model_name}-predictor-.*}[${rate_interval}]))

    3. The following query displays the number of successful inference requests over a period of time for a model deployed with the Caikit Standalone runtime: 

      sum(increase(predict_rpc_count_total{namespace=${namespace},code=OK,model_id=${model_name}}[${rate_interval}]))

    4. The following query displays the number of successful inference requests over a period of time for a model deployed with the OpenVINO Model Server runtime: 

      sum(increase(ovms_requests_success{namespace=${namespace},name=${model_name}}[${rate_interval}]))

Additional resources

3.13. Monitoring model performance

In the single-model serving platform, you can view performance metrics for a specific model that is deployed on the platform.

3.13.1. Viewing performance metrics for a deployed model

You can monitor the following metrics for a specific model that is deployed on the single-model serving platform:

  • Number of requests - The number of requests that have failed or succeeded for a specific model.
  • Average response time (ms) - The average time it takes a specific model to respond to requests.
  • CPU utilization (%) - The percentage of the CPU limit per model replica that is currently utilized by a specific model.
  • Memory utilization (%) - The percentage of the memory limit per model replica that is utilized by a specific model.

You can specify a time range and a refresh interval for these metrics to help you determine, for example, when the peak usage hours are and how the model is performing at a specified time.

Prerequisites

  • You have installed Red Hat OpenShift AI.
  • You have logged in to Red Hat OpenShift AI.
  • If you are using OpenShift AI groups, you are part of the user group or admin group (for example, rhoai-users or rhoai-admins) in OpenShift.

  • The following dashboard configuration options are set to the default values as shown: 

    disablePerformanceMetrics:false
disableKServeMetrics:false

    For more information, see Dashboard configuration options.

  • You have deployed a model on the single-model serving platform by using a preinstalled runtime.

    Note

    Metrics are only supported for models deployed by using a preinstalled model-serving runtime or a custom runtime that is duplicated from a preinstalled runtime.

Procedure

  1. From the OpenShift AI dashboard navigation menu, click Data Science Projects.

    The Data Science Projects page opens.

  2. Click the name of the project that contains the data science models that you want to monitor.
  3. In the project details page, click the Models tab.
  4. Select the model that you are interested in.

  5. On the Endpoint performance tab, set the following options:

    • Time range - Specifies how long to track the metrics. You can select one of these values: 1 hour, 24 hours, 7 days, and 30 days.
    • Refresh interval - Specifies how frequently the graphs on the metrics page are refreshed (to show the latest data). You can select one of these values: 15 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 1 day.
  6. Scroll down to view data graphs for number of requests, average response time, CPU utilization, and memory utilization.

Verification

The Endpoint performance tab shows graphs of metrics for the model.

3.14. Optimizing model-serving runtimes

You can optionally enhance the preinstalled model-serving runtimes available in OpenShift AI to leverage additional benefits and capabilities, such as optimized inferencing, reduced latency, and fine-tuned resource allocation.

3.14.1. Optimizing the vLLM model-serving runtime

You can configure the vLLM ServingRuntime for KServe runtime to use speculative decoding, a parallel processing technique to optimize inferencing time for large language models (LLMs).

You can also configure the runtime to support inferencing for vision-language models (VLMs). VLMs are a subset of multi-modal models that integrate both visual and textual data.

To configure the vLLM ServingRuntime for KServe runtime for speculative decoding or multi-modal inferencing, you must add additional arguments in the vLLM model-serving runtime.

Prerequisites

  • You have logged in to OpenShift AI as a user with OpenShift AI administrator privileges.
  • If you used the pre-installed vLLM ServingRuntime for KServe runtime, you duplicated the runtime to create a custom version. For more information about duplicating the pre-installed vLLM runtime, see Adding a custom model-serving runtime for the single-model serving platform.
  • If you are using the vLLM model-serving runtime for speculative decoding with a draft model, you have stored the original model and the speculative model in the same folder within your S3-compatible object storage.

Procedure

  1. From the OpenShift AI dashboard, click Settings > Serving runtimes.

    The Serving runtimes page opens and shows the model-serving runtimes that are already installed and enabled.

  2. Find the custom vLLM model-serving runtime that you created, click the action menu (⋮) next to the runtime and select Edit.

    The embedded YAML editor opens and shows the contents of the custom model-serving runtime.

  3. To configure the vLLM model-serving runtime for speculative decoding by matching n-grams in the prompt:

    1. Add the following arguments: 

      containers:
  - args:
      - --speculative-model=[ngram]
      - --num-speculative-tokens=<NUM_SPECULATIVE_TOKENS>
      - --ngram-prompt-lookup-max=<NGRAM_PROMPT_LOOKUP_MAX>
      - --use-v2-block-manager

    2. Replace <NUM_SPECULATIVE_TOKENS> and <NGRAM_PROMPT_LOOKUP_MAX> with your own values.

      Note

      Inferencing throughput varies depending on the model used for speculating with n-grams.

  4. To configure the vLLM model-serving runtime for speculative decoding with a draft model:

    1. Remove the --model argument: 

      containers:
  - args:
      - --model=/mnt/models

    2. Add the following arguments: 

      containers:
  - args:
      - --port=8080
      - --served-model-name={{.Name}}
      - --distributed-executor-backend=mp
      - --model=/mnt/models/<path_to_original_model>
      - --speculative-model=/mnt/models/<path_to_speculative_model>
      - --num-speculative-tokens=<NUM_SPECULATIVE_TOKENS>
      - --use-v2-block-manager
    3. Replace <path_to_speculative_model> and <path_to_original_model> with the paths to the speculative model and original model on your S3-compatible object storage.
    4. Replace <NUM_SPECULATIVE_TOKENS> with your own value.

  5. To configure the vLLM model-serving runtime for multi-modal inferencing:

    1. Add the following arguments: 

      containers:
  - args:
      - --trust-remote-code
      Note

      Only use the --trust-remote-code argument with models from trusted sources.

  6. Click Update.

    The Serving runtimes page opens and shows the list of runtimes that are installed. Confirm that the custom model-serving runtime you updated is shown.

  7. Deploy the model by using the custom runtime as described in Deploying models on the single-model serving platform.

Verification

  • If you have configured the vLLM model-serving runtime for speculative decoding, use the following example command to verify API requests to your deployed model: 

    curl -v https://<inference_endpoint_url>:443/v1/chat/completions
-H "Content-Type: application/json"
-H "Authorization: Bearer <token>"

  • If you have configured the vLLM model-serving runtime for multi-modal inferencing, use the following example command to verify API requests to the vision-language model (VLM) that you have deployed: 

    curl -v https://<inference_endpoint_url>:443/v1/chat/completions
-H "Content-Type: application/json"
-H "Authorization: Bearer <token>"
-d '{"model":"<model_name>",
     "messages":
        [{"role":"<role>",
          "content":
             [{"type":"text", "text":"<text>"
              },
              {"type":"image_url", "image_url":"<image_url_link>"
              }
             ]
         }
        ]
    }'

Additional resources

3.15. Performance tuning on the single-model serving platform

Certain performance issues might require you to tune the parameters of your inference service or model-serving runtime.

3.15.1. Resolving CUDA out-of-memory errors

In certain cases, depending on the model and hardware accelerator used, the TGIS memory auto-tuning algorithm might underestimate the amount of GPU memory needed to process long sequences. This miscalculation can lead to Compute Unified Architecture (CUDA) out-of-memory (OOM) error responses from the model server. In such cases, you must update or add additional parameters in the TGIS model-serving runtime, as described in the following procedure.

Prerequisites

  • You have logged in to OpenShift AI as a user with OpenShift AI administrator privileges.

Procedure

  1. From the OpenShift AI dashboard, click Settings > Serving runtimes.

    The Serving runtimes page opens and shows the model-serving runtimes that are already installed and enabled.

  2. Based on the runtime that you used to deploy your model, perform one of the following actions:

    • If you used the pre-installed TGIS Standalone ServingRuntime for KServe runtime, duplicate the runtime to create a custom version and then follow the remainder of this procedure. For more information about duplicating the pre-installed TGIS runtime, see Adding a custom model-serving runtime for the single-model serving platform.

    • If you were already using a custom TGIS runtime, click the action menu (⋮) next to the runtime and select Edit.

      The embedded YAML editor opens and shows the contents of the custom model-serving runtime.

  3. Add or update the BATCH_SAFETY_MARGIN environment variable and set the value to 30. Similarly, add or update the ESTIMATE_MEMORY_BATCH_SIZE environment variable and set the value to 8. 

    spec:
  containers:
    env:
    - name: BATCH_SAFETY_MARGIN
      value: 30
    - name: ESTIMATE_MEMORY_BATCH
      value: 8
    Note

    The BATCH_SAFETY_MARGIN parameter sets a percentage of free GPU memory to hold back as a safety margin to avoid OOM conditions. The default value of BATCH_SAFETY_MARGIN is 20. The ESTIMATE_MEMORY_BATCH_SIZE parameter sets the batch size used in the memory auto-tuning algorithm. The default value of ESTIMATE_MEMORY_BATCH_SIZE is 16.

  4. Click Update.

    The Serving runtimes page opens and shows the list of runtimes that are installed. Observe that the custom model-serving runtime you updated is shown.

  5. To redeploy the model for the parameter updates to take effect, perform the following actions:

    1. From the OpenShift AI dashboard, click Model Serving > Deployed Models.
    2. Find the model you want to redeploy, click the action menu (⋮) next to the model, and select Delete.
    3. Redeploy the model as described in Deploying models on the single-model serving platform.

Verification

  • You receive successful responses from the model server and no longer see CUDA OOM errors.

3.16. About the NVIDIA NIM model serving platform

You can deploy models using NVIDIA NIM inference services on the NVIDIA NIM model serving platform.

NVIDIA NIM, part of NVIDIA AI Enterprise, is a set of microservices designed for secure, reliable deployment of high performance AI model inferencing across clouds, data centers and workstations.

Important

The NVIDIA NIM model serving platform is currently available in Red Hat OpenShift AI as a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope

Additional resources

3.16.1. Enabling the NVIDIA NIM model serving platform

As an administrator, you can use the Red Hat OpenShift AI dashboard to enable the NVIDIA NIM model serving platform.

Important

The NVIDIA NIM model serving platform is currently available in Red Hat OpenShift AI as a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope

Prerequisites

  • You have logged in to Red Hat OpenShift AI as an administrator.
  • You have enabled the single-model serving platform as described in Enabling the single-model serving platform.

  • The following OpenShift AI dashboard configuration is enabled. 

    disableNIMModelServing:false

    For more information, see Dashboard configuration options.

  • You have enabled GPU support in OpenShift AI. For more information, see Enabling NVIDIA GPUs.
  • You have access to the NVIDIA AI Enterprise license key.

Procedure

  1. On the OpenShift AI home page, click Explore.
  2. On the Explore page, find the NVIDIA NIM tile.
  3. Click Enable on the application tile.
  4. Enter the NVIDIA AI Enterprise license key and then click Submit.

Verification

  • The NVIDIA NIM application that you enabled appears on the Enabled page.

3.16.2. Deploying models on the NVIDIA NIM model serving platform

When you have enabled the NVIDIA NIM model serving platform, you can start to deploy NVIDIA-optimized models on the platform.

Important

The NVIDIA NIM model serving platform is currently available in Red Hat OpenShift AI as a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope

Prerequisites

  • You have logged in to Red Hat OpenShift AI.
  • If you are using OpenShift AI groups, you are part of the user group or admin group (for example, rhoai-users or rhoai-admins) in OpenShift.
  • You have enabled the NVIDIA NIM model serving platform.
  • You have created a data science project.

  • If you want to use graphics processing units (GPUs) with your model server, you have enabled GPU support in OpenShift AI. See Enabling NVIDIA GPUs.

    Note

    In OpenShift AI, Red Hat supports only NVIDIA GPU accelerators for model serving.

Procedure

  1. In the left menu, click Data Science Projects.

    The Data Science Projects page opens.

  2. Click the name of the project that you want to deploy a model in.

    A project details page opens.

  3. Click the Models tab.

  4. Find the ​​NVIDIA NIM model serving platform tile, then click Deploy model.

    The Deploy model dialog opens.

  5. Configure properties for deploying your model as follows:

    1. In the Model deployment name field, enter a unique name for the deployment.
    2. From the NVIDIA NIM list, select the NVIDIA NIM model that you want to deploy.
    3. In the NVIDIA NIM storage size field, specify the size of the cluster storage instance that will be created to store the NVIDIA NIM model.
    4. In the Number of model server replicas to deploy field, specify a value.
    5. From the Model server size list, select a value.

    6. From the Accelerator list, select the NVIDIA GPU accelerator.

      The Number of accelerators field appears.

    7. In the Number of accelerators field, specify the number of accelerators to use. The default value is 1.
    8. Click Deploy.

Verification

  • Confirm that the deployed model is shown on the Models tab for the project, and on the Model Serving page of the dashboard with a checkmark in the Status column.

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