Installing

Procedure

1. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, click Home → Projects.
2. Click Create Project.
3. At the prompt, enter a name for the project in the Name field. For example, istio-system. The other fields provide supplementary information to the Istio resource definition and are optional.
4. Click Create. The Service Mesh Operator deploys Istio to the project you specified.

Procedure

1. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, click Operators → Installed Operators.
2. Select istio-system in the Project drop-down menu.
3. Click the Service Mesh Operator.
4. Click Istio.
5. Click Create Istio.
6. Select the istio-system project from the Namespace drop-down menu.

7. Click Create. This action deploys the Istio control plane.

   When State: Healthy appears in the Status column, Istio is successfully deployed.

Procedure

1. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, click Home → Projects.
2. Click Create Project.
3. At the prompt, you must enter a name for the project in the Name field. For example, istio-cni. The other fields provide supplementary information and are optional.
4. Click Create.

Procedure

1. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, click Operators → Installed Operators.
2. Select istio-cni in the Project drop-down menu.
3. Click the Service Mesh Operator.
4. Click IstioCNI.
5. Click Create IstioCNI.
6. Ensure that the name is default.

7. Click Create. This action deploys the Istio CNI plugin.

   When State: Healthy appears in the Status column, the Istio CNI plugin is successfully deployed.

Procedure

1. Add a label to the namespace containing the Istio control plane, for example, the istio-system system namespace.

   $ oc label namespace istio-system istio-discovery=enabled

2. Modify the Istio control plane resource to include a discoverySelectors section with the same label.

   kind: Istio
   apiVersion: sailoperator.io/v1alpha1
   metadata:
     name: default
   spec:
     namespace: istio-system
     values:
       meshConfig:
         discoverySelectors:
           - matchLabels:
               istio-discovery: enabled

3. Apply the Istio CR:

   $ oc apply -f istio.yaml

4. Ensure that all namespaces that will contain workloads that are to be part of the Service Mesh have both the discoverySelector label and, if needed, the appropriate Istio injection label.

Procedure

1. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, navigate to the Home → Projects page.
2. Click Create Project.

3. Enter bookinfo in the Project name field.

   The Display name and Description fields provide supplementary information and are not required.

4. Click Create.

5. Apply the Istio discovery selector and injection label to the bookinfo namespace by entering the following command:

   $ oc label namespace bookinfo istio-discovery=enabled istio-injection=enabled

   Note

   In this example, the name of the Istio resource is default. If the Istio resource name is different, you must set the istio.io/rev label to the name of the Istio resource instead of adding the istio-injection=enabled label.

6. Apply the bookinfo YAML file to deploy the bookinfo application by entering the following command:

   oc apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.23/samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/bookinfo.yaml -n bookinfo

Verification

1. Verify that the bookinfo service is available by running the following command:

   $ oc get services -n bookinfo

   Example output

   NAME          TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
   details       ClusterIP   172.30.137.21   <none>        9080/TCP   44s
   productpage   ClusterIP   172.30.2.246    <none>        9080/TCP   43s
   ratings       ClusterIP   172.30.33.85    <none>        9080/TCP   44s
   reviews       ClusterIP   172.30.175.88   <none>        9080/TCP   44s

2. Verify that the bookinfo pods are available by running the following command:

   $ oc get pods -n bookinfo

   Example output

   NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
   details-v1-698d88b-km2jg         2/2     Running   0          66s
   productpage-v1-675fc69cf-cvxv9   2/2     Running   0          65s
   ratings-v1-6484c4d9bb-tpx7d      2/2     Running   0          65s
   reviews-v1-5b5d6494f4-wsrwp      2/2     Running   0          65s
   reviews-v2-5b667bcbf8-4lsfd      2/2     Running   0          65s
   reviews-v3-5b9bd44f4-44hr6       2/2     Running   0          65s

   When the Ready columns displays 2/2, the proxy sidecar was successfully injected. Confirm that Running appears in the Status column for each pod.

3. Verify that the bookinfo application is running by sending a request to the bookinfo page. Run the following command:

   $ oc exec "$(oc get pod -l app=ratings -n bookinfo -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')" -c ratings -n bookinfo -- curl -sS productpage:9080/productpage | grep -o "<title>.*</title>"

Procedure

1. Create the istio-ingressgateway deployment and service by running the following command:

   $ oc apply -n bookinfo -f ingress-gateway.yaml

   Note

   This example uses a sample ingress-gateway.yaml file that is available in the Istio community repository.

2. Configure the bookinfo application to use the new gateway. Apply the gateway configuration by running the following command:

   $ oc apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.23/samples/bookinfo/networking/bookinfo-gateway.yaml -n bookinfo

   Note

   To configure gateway injection with the bookinfo application, this example uses a sample gateway configuration file that must be applied in the namespace where the application is installed.

3. Use a route to expose the gateway external to the cluster by running the following command:

   $ oc expose service istio-ingressgateway -n bookinfo

4. Modify the YAML file to automatically scale the pod when ingress traffic increases.

   Example configuration

   apiVersion: autoscaling/v2
   kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
   metadata:
     labels:
       istio: ingressgateway
       release: istio
     name: ingressgatewayhpa
     namespace: bookinfo
   spec:
     maxReplicas: 5 1
     metrics:
     - resource:
         name: cpu
         target:
           averageUtilization: 80
           type: Utilization
       type: Resource
     minReplicas: 2
     scaleTargetRef:
       apiVersion: apps/v1
       kind: Deployment
       name: istio-ingressgateway

   1

   This example sets the the maximum replicas to 5 and the minimum replicas to 2. It also creates another replica when utilization reaches 80%.

5. Specify the minimum number of pods that must be running on the node.

   Example configuration

   apiVersion: policy/v1
   kind: PodDisruptionBudget
   metadata:
     labels:
       istio: ingressgateway
       release: istio
     name: ingressgatewaypdb
     namespace: bookinfo
   spec:
     minAvailable: 1 1
     selector:
       matchLabels:
         istio: ingressgateway

   1

   This example ensures one replica is running if a pod gets restarted on a new node.

6. Obtain the gateway host name and the URL for the product page by running the following command:

   $ HOST=$(oc get route istio-ingressgateway -n bookinfo -o jsonpath='{.spec.host}')

7. Verify that the productpage is accessible from a web browser by running the following command:

   $ echo productpage URL: http://$HOST/productpage

1. Prerequisites

   • You are logged in to the OpenShift Container Platform web console as cluster-admin.
   • The Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Operator must be installed.
   • The Istio resource must be deployed.

Procedure

1. Enable the Gateway API CRDs:

   $ oc get crd gateways.gateway.networking.k8s.io &> /dev/null ||  { oc kustomize "github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/config/crd?ref=v1.0.0" | oc apply -f -; }

2. Create and configure a gateway using a Gateway resource and HTTPRoute resource:

   $ oc apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.23/samples/bookinfo/gateway-api/bookinfo-gateway.yaml -n bookinfo

   Note

   To configure a gateway with the bookinfo application by using the Gateway API, this example uses a sample gateway configuration file that must be applied in the namespace where the application is installed.

3. Ensure that the Gateway API service is ready, and has an address allocated:

   $ oc wait --for=condition=programmed gtw bookinfo-gateway -n bookinfo

4. Retrieve the host, port and gateway URL:

   $ export INGRESS_HOST=$(oc get gtw bookinfo-gateway -n bookinfo -o jsonpath='{.status.addresses[0].value}')
   $ export INGRESS_PORT=$(oc get gtw bookinfo-gateway -n bookinfo -o jsonpath='{.spec.listeners[?(@.name=="http")].port}')
   $ export GATEWAY_URL=$INGRESS_HOST:$INGRESS_PORT

5. Obtain the gateway host name and the URL of the product page:

   $ echo "http://${GATEWAY_URL}/productpage"

6. Verify that the productpage is accessible from a web browser.

Procedure

1. Verify the revision name of the Istio control plane using the following command:

   $ oc get istiorevisions

   You should see output similar to the following example:

   Example output

   NAME      TYPE    READY   STATUS    IN USE   VERSION   AGE
   default   Local   True    Healthy   False    v1.23.0   4m57s

   Since the revision name is default, you can use the default injection labels without referencing the exact revision name.

2. Verify that workloads already running in the desired namespace show 1/1 containers as READY by using the following command. This confirms that the pods are running without sidecars.

   $ oc get pods -n bookinfo

   You should see output similar to the following example:

   Example output

   NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
   details-v1-65cfcf56f9-gm6v7      1/1     Running   0          4m55s
   productpage-v1-d5789fdfb-8x6bk   1/1     Running   0          4m53s
   ratings-v1-7c9bd4b87f-6v7hg      1/1     Running   0          4m55s
   reviews-v1-6584ddcf65-6wqtw      1/1     Running   0          4m54s
   reviews-v2-6f85cb9b7c-w9l8s      1/1     Running   0          4m54s
   reviews-v3-6f5b775685-mg5n6      1/1     Running   0          4m54s

3. To apply the injection label to the bookinfo namespace, run the following command at the CLI:

   $ oc label namespace bookinfo istio-injection=enabled
   namespace/bookinfo labeled

4. To ensure sidecar injection is applied, redeploy the existing workloads in the bookinfo namespace. Use the following command to perform a rolling update of all workloads:

   $ oc -n bookinfo rollout restart deployments

Verification

1. Verify the rollout by checking that the new pods display 2/2 containers as READY, confirming successful sidecar injection by running the following command:

   $ oc get pods -n bookinfo

   You should see output similar to the following example:

   Example output

   NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
   details-v1-7745f84ff-bpf8f        2/2     Running   0          55s
   productpage-v1-54f48db985-gd5q9   2/2     Running   0          55s
   ratings-v1-5d645c985f-xsw7p       2/2     Running   0          55s
   reviews-v1-bd5f54b8c-zns4v        2/2     Running   0          55s
   reviews-v2-5d7b9dbf97-wbpjr       2/2     Running   0          55s
   reviews-v3-5fccc48c8c-bjktn       2/2     Running   0          55sz

Procedure

1. Open the application’s Deployment resource in an editor. In this case, exclude the ratings-v1 service.

2. Modify the spec.template.metadata.labels section of your Deployment resource to include the label sidecar.istio.io/inject: false to disable sidecar injection.

   kind: Deployment
   apiVersion: apps/v1
   metadata:
   name: ratings-v1
   namespace: bookinfo
   labels:
     app: ratings
     version: v1
   spec:
     template:
       metadata:
         labels:
           sidecar.istio.io/inject: 'false'

   Note

   Adding the label to the top-level labels section of the Deployment does not affect sidecar injection.

   Updating the deployment triggers a rollout, creating a new ReplicaSet with updated pod(s).

Verification

1. Verify that the updated pod(s) do not contain a sidecar container and show 1/1 containers as Running by running the following command:

   $ oc get pods -n bookinfo

   You should see output similar to the following example:

   Example output

   NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
   details-v1-6bc7b69776-7f6wz       2/2     Running   0          29m
   productpage-v1-54f48db985-gd5q9   2/2     Running   0          29m
   ratings-v1-5d645c985f-xsw7p       1/1     Running   0          7s
   reviews-v1-bd5f54b8c-zns4v        2/2     Running   0          29m
   reviews-v2-5d7b9dbf97-wbpjr       2/2     Running   0          29m
   reviews-v3-5fccc48c8c-bjktn       2/2     Running   0          29m

Procedure

1. Verify the revision name of the Istio control plane by running the following command:

   $ oc get istiorevisions

   You should see output similar to the following example:

   Example output

   NAME      TYPE    READY   STATUS    IN USE   VERSION   AGE
   my-mesh   Local   True    Healthy   False    v1.23.0   47s

   Since the revision name is my-mesh, use the revision label istio.io/rev=my-mesh to enable sidecar injection.

2. Verify that workloads already running show 1/1 containers as READY, indicating that the pods are running without sidecars by running the following command:

   $ oc get pods -n bookinfo

   You should see output similar to the following example:

   Example output

   NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
   details-v1-65cfcf56f9-gm6v7      1/1     Running   0          4m55s
   productpage-v1-d5789fdfb-8x6bk   1/1     Running   0          4m53s
   ratings-v1-7c9bd4b87f-6v7hg      1/1     Running   0          4m55s
   reviews-v1-6584ddcf65-6wqtw      1/1     Running   0          4m54s
   reviews-v2-6f85cb9b7c-w9l8s      1/1     Running   0          4m54s
   reviews-v3-6f5b775685-mg5n6      1/1     Running   0          4m54s

3. Open the application’s Deployment resource in an editor. In this case, update the ratings-v1 service.

4. Update the spec.template.metadata.labels section of your Deployment to include the appropriate pod injection or revision label. In this case, istio.io/rev: my-mesh:

   kind: Deployment
   apiVersion: apps/v1
   metadata:
   name: ratings-v1
   namespace: bookinfo
   labels:
     app: ratings
     version: v1
   spec:
     template:
       metadata:
         labels:
           istio.io/rev: my-mesh

   Note

   Adding the label to the Deployment’s top-level `labels section does not impact sidecar injection.

   Updating the deployment triggers a rollout, creating a new ReplicaSet with the updated pod(s).

Verification

1. Verify that only the ratings-v1 pod now shows 2/2 containers READY, indicating that the sidecar has been successfully injected by running the following command:

   $ oc get pods -n bookinfo

   You should see output similar to the following example:

   Example output

   NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
   details-v1-559cd49f6c-b89hw       1/1     Running   0          42m
   productpage-v1-5f48cdcb85-8ppz5   1/1     Running   0          42m
   ratings-v1-848bf79888-krdch       2/2     Running   0          9s
   reviews-v1-6b7444ffbd-7m5wp       1/1     Running   0          42m
   reviews-v2-67876d7b7-9nmw5        1/1     Running   0          42m
   reviews-v3-84b55b667c-x5t8s       1/1     Running   0          42m

2. Repeat for other workloads that you wish to include in the mesh.

Procedure

1. Add the Jetstack charts repository to your local Helm repository by running the following command:

   $ helm repo add jetstack https://charts.jetstack.io --force-update

2. Install the istio-csr chart by running the following command:

   $ helm upgrade cert-manager-istio-csr jetstack/cert-manager-istio-csr \
       --install \
       --namespace cert-manager \
       --wait \
       --set "app.tls.rootCAFile=/var/run/secrets/istio-csr/ca.pem" \
       --set "volumeMounts[0].name=root-ca" \
       --set "volumeMounts[0].mountPath=/var/run/secrets/istio-csr" \
       --set "volumes[0].name=root-ca" \
       --set "volumes[0].secret.secretName=istio-root-ca" \
       --set "app.istio.namespace=istio-system"

Procedure

1. Specify all the Istio revisions to your istio-csr deployment. See "istio-csr deployment".

2. Add the Jetstack charts to your local Helm repository by running the following command:

   $ helm repo add jetstack https://charts.jetstack.io --force-update

3. Install the istio-csr chart with your revision name by running the following command:

   $ helm upgrade cert-manager-istio-csr jetstack/cert-manager-istio-csr \
       --install \
       --namespace cert-manager \
       --wait \
       --set "app.tls.rootCAFile=/var/run/secrets/istio-csr/ca.pem" \
       --set "volumeMounts[0].name=root-ca" \
       --set "volumeMounts[0].mountPath=/var/run/secrets/istio-csr" \
       --set "volumes[0].name=root-ca" \
       --set "volumes[0].secret.secretName=istio-root-ca" \
       --set "app.istio.namespace=istio-system" \
       --set "app.istio.revisions={default-v1-23-0}"

   Note

   Revision names use the following format, <istio-name>-v<major_version>-<minor_version>-<patch_version>. For example: default-v1-23-0.

Procedure

1. Create the Istio object as shown in the following example:

   Example istio.yaml object

   apiVersion: sailoperator.io/v1alpha1
   kind: Istio
   metadata:
     name: default
   spec:
     version: v1.23.0
     namespace: istio-system
     values:
       global:
         caAddress: cert-manager-istio-csr.cert-manager.svc:443
       pilot:
         env:
           ENABLE_CA_SERVER: "false"
         volumeMounts:
           - mountPath: /tmp/var/run/secrets/istiod/tls
             name: istio-csr-dns-cert
             readOnly: true

   Note

   If you installed your CSR agent with a revision based update strategy, then you need to add the following to your Istio object YAML:

   kind: Istio
   metadata:
     name: default
   spec:
     updateStrategy:
       type: RevisionBased

2. Create the Istio resource by running the following command:

   $ oc apply -f istio.yaml

3. Wait for the Istio object to become ready by running the following command:

   $ oc wait --for=condition=Ready istios/default -n istio-system

Procedure

1. Create the sample namespace by running the following command:

   $ oc new-project sample

2. Find your active Istio revision by running the following command:

   $ oc get istiorevisions

3. Add the injection label for your active revision to the sample namespace by running the following command:

   $ oc label namespace sample istio.io/rev=<your-active-revision-name> --overwrite=true

4. Deploy the sample httpbin service by running the following command:

   $ oc apply -n sample -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift-service-mesh/istio/refs/heads/master/samples/httpbin/httpbin.yaml

5. Deploy the sample sleep application by running the following command:

   $ oc apply -n sample -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/refs/heads/master/samples/sleep/sleep.yaml

6. Wait for both applications to become ready by running the following command:

   $ oc rollout status -n sample deployment httpbin sleep

7. Verify that sleep application can access the httpbin service by running the following command:

   $ oc exec "$(oc get pod -l app=sleep -n sample \
        -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})" -c sleep -n sample -- \
        curl http://httpbin.sample:8000/ip -s -o /dev/null \
        -w "%{http_code}\n"

   Example of a successful output

   200

8. Run the following command to print the workload certificate for the httpbin service and verify the output:

   $ istioctl proxy-config secret -n sample $(oc get pods -n sample -o jsonpath='{.items..metadata.name}' --selector app=httpbin) -o json | jq -r '.dynamicActiveSecrets[0].secret.tlsCertificate.certificateChain.inlineBytes' | base64 --decode | openssl x509 -text -noout

   Example output

   ...
   Issuer: O = cert-manager + O = cluster.local, CN = istio-ca
   ...
   X509v3 Subject Alternative Name:
     URI:spiffe://cluster.local/ns/sample/sa/httpbin

Procedure

1. Create the root CA certificate:

   1. Create a key for the root certificate by running the following command:

      $ openssl genrsa -out root-key.pem 4096

   2. Create an OpenSSL configuration certificate file named root-ca.conf for the root CA certificates:

      Example root certificate configuration file

      encrypt_key = no
      prompt = no
      utf8 = yes
      default_md = sha256
      default_bits = 4096
      req_extensions = req_ext
      x509_extensions = req_ext
      distinguished_name = req_dn
      [ req_ext ]
      subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
      basicConstraints = critical, CA:true
      keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyEncipherment, keyCertSign
      [ req_dn ]
      O = Istio
      CN = Root CA

   3. Create the certificate signing request by running the following command:

      $ openssl req -sha256 -new -key root-key.pem \
        -config root-ca.conf \
        -out root-cert.csr

   4. Create a shared root certificate by running the following command:

      $ openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 3650 \
        -signkey root-key.pem \
        -extensions req_ext -extfile root-ca.conf \
        -in root-cert.csr \
        -out root-cert.pem

2. Create the intermediate CA certificate for the East cluster:

   1. Create a directory named east by running the following command:

      $ mkdir east

   2. Create a key for the intermediate certificate for the East cluster by running the following command:

      $ openssl genrsa -out east/ca-key.pem 4096

   3. Create an OpenSSL configuration file named intermediate.conf in the east/ directory for the intermediate certificate of the East cluster. Copy the following example file and save it locally:

      Example configuration file

      [ req ]
      encrypt_key = no
      prompt = no
      utf8 = yes
      default_md = sha256
      default_bits = 4096
      req_extensions = req_ext
      x509_extensions = req_ext
      distinguished_name = req_dn
      [ req_ext ]
      subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
      basicConstraints = critical, CA:true, pathlen:0
      keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyEncipherment, keyCertSign
      subjectAltName=@san
      [ san ]
      DNS.1 = istiod.istio-system.svc
      [ req_dn ]
      O = Istio
      CN = Intermediate CA
      L = east

   4. Create a certificate signing request by running the following command:

      $ openssl req -new -config east/intermediate.conf \
         -key east/ca-key.pem \
         -out east/cluster-ca.csr

   5. Create the intermediate CA certificate for the East cluster by running the following command:

      $ openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 3650 \
         -CA root-cert.pem \
         -CAkey root-key.pem -CAcreateserial \
         -extensions req_ext -extfile east/intermediate.conf \
         -in east/cluster-ca.csr \
         -out east/ca-cert.pem

   6. Create a certificate chain from the intermediate and root CA certificate for the east cluster by running the following command:

      $ cat east/ca-cert.pem root-cert.pem > east/cert-chain.pem && cp root-cert.pem east

3. Create the intermediate CA certificate for the West cluster:

   1. Create a directory named west by running the following command:

      $ mkdir west

   2. Create a key for the intermediate certificate for the West cluster by running the following command:

      $ openssl genrsa -out west/ca-key.pem 4096

   3. Create an OpenSSL configuration file named intermediate.conf in the west/ directory for for the intermediate certificate of the West cluster. Copy the following example file and save it locally:

      Example configuration file

      [ req ]
      encrypt_key = no
      prompt = no
      utf8 = yes
      default_md = sha256
      default_bits = 4096
      req_extensions = req_ext
      x509_extensions = req_ext
      distinguished_name = req_dn
      [ req_ext ]
      subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
      basicConstraints = critical, CA:true, pathlen:0
      keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyEncipherment, keyCertSign
      subjectAltName=@san
      [ san ]
      DNS.1 = istiod.istio-system.svc
      [ req_dn ]
      O = Istio
      CN = Intermediate CA
      L = west

   4. Create a certificate signing request by running the following command:

      $ openssl req -new -config west/intermediate.conf \
         -key west/ca-key.pem \
         -out west/cluster-ca.csr

   5. Create the certificate by running the following command:

      $ openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 3650 \
         -CA root-cert.pem \
         -CAkey root-key.pem -CAcreateserial \
         -extensions req_ext -extfile west/intermediate.conf \
         -in west/cluster-ca.csr \
         -out west/ca-cert.pem

   6. Create the certificate chain by running the following command:

      $ cat west/ca-cert.pem root-cert.pem > west/cert-chain.pem && cp root-cert.pem west

Procedure

1. Apply the certificates to the East cluster of the multi-cluster topology:

   1. Log in to East cluster by running the following command:

      $ oc login -u https://<east_cluster_api_server_url>

   2. Set up the environment variable that contains the oc command context for the East cluster by running the following command:

      $ export CTX_CLUSTER1=$(oc config current-context)

   3. Create a project called istio-system by running the following command:

      $ oc get project istio-system --context "${CTX_CLUSTER1}" || oc new-project istio-system --context "${CTX_CLUSTER1}"

   4. Configure Istio to use network1 as the default network for the pods on the East cluster by running the following command:

      $ oc --context "${CTX_CLUSTER1}" label namespace istio-system topology.istio.io/network=network1

   5. Create the CA certificates, certificate chain, and the private key for Istio on the East cluster by running the following command:

      $ oc get secret -n istio-system --context "${CTX_CLUSTER1}" cacerts || oc create secret generic cacerts -n istio-system --context "${CTX_CLUSTER1}" \
        --from-file=east/ca-cert.pem \
        --from-file=east/ca-key.pem \
        --from-file=east/root-cert.pem \
        --from-file=east/cert-chain.pem

      Note

      If you followed the instructions in "Creating certificates for a multi-cluster mesh", your certificates will reside in the east/ directory. If your certificates reside in a different directory, modify the syntax accordingly.

2. Apply the certificates to the West cluster of the multi-cluster topology:

   1. Log in to the West cluster by running the following command:

      $ oc login -u https://<west_cluster_api_server_url>

   2. Set up the environment variable that contains the oc command context for the West cluster by running the following command:

      $ export CTX_CLUSTER2=$(oc config current-context)

   3. Create a project called istio-system by running the following command:

      $ oc get project istio-system --context "${CTX_CLUSTER2}" || oc new-project istio-system --context "${CTX_CLUSTER2}"

   4. Configure Istio to use network2 as the default network for the pods on the West cluster by running the following command:

      $ oc --context "${CTX_CLUSTER2}" label namespace istio-system topology.istio.io/network=network2

   5. Create the CA certificate secret for Istio on the West cluster by running the following command:

      $ oc get secret -n istio-system --context "${CTX_CLUSTER2}" cacerts || oc create secret generic cacerts -n istio-system --context "${CTX_CLUSTER2}" \
        --from-file=west/ca-cert.pem \
        --from-file=west/ca-key.pem \
        --from-file=west/root-cert.pem \
        --from-file=west/cert-chain.pem

      Note

      If you followed the instructions in "Creating certificates for a multi-cluster mesh", your certificates will reside in the west/ directory. If the certificates reside in a different directory, modify the syntax accordingly.

Procedure

1. Deploy sample applications on the East cluster:

   1. Create a sample application namespace on the East cluster by running the following command:

      $ oc --context "${CTX_CLUSTER1}" get project sample || oc --context="${CTX_CLUSTER1}" new-project sample

   2. Label the application namespace to support sidecar injection by running the following command:

      $ oc --context="${CTX_CLUSTER1}" label namespace sample istio-injection=enabled

   3. Deploy the helloworld application:

      1. Create the helloworld service by running the following command:

         $ oc --context="${CTX_CLUSTER1}" apply \
           -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/${ISTIO_VERSION}/samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml \
           -l service=helloworld -n sample

      2. Create the helloworld-v1 deployment by running the following command:

         $ oc --context="${CTX_CLUSTER1}" apply \
           -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/${ISTIO_VERSION}/samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml \
           -l version=v1 -n sample

   4. Deploy the sleep application by running the following command:

      $ oc --context="${CTX_CLUSTER1}" apply \
        -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/${ISTIO_VERSION}/samples/sleep/sleep.yaml -n sample

   5. Wait for the helloworld application on the East cluster to return the Ready status condition by running the following command:

      $ oc --context="${CTX_CLUSTER1}" wait --for condition=available -n sample deployment/helloworld-v1

   6. Wait for the sleep application on the East cluster to return the Ready status condition by running the following command:

      $ oc --context="${CTX_CLUSTER1}" wait --for condition=available -n sample deployment/sleep

2. Deploy the sample applications on the West cluster:

   1. Create a sample application namespace on the West cluster by running the following command:

      $ oc --context "${CTX_CLUSTER2}" get project sample || oc --context="${CTX_CLUSTER2}" new-project sample

   2. Label the application namespace to support sidecar injection by running the following command:

      $ oc --context="${CTX_CLUSTER2}" label namespace sample istio-injection=enabled

   3. Deploy the helloworld application:

      1. Create the helloworld service by running the following command:

         $ oc --context="${CTX_CLUSTER2}" apply \
           -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/${ISTIO_VERSION}/samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml \
           -l service=helloworld -n sample

      2. Create the helloworld-v2 deployment by running the following command:

         $ oc --context="${CTX_CLUSTER2}" apply \
           -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/${ISTIO_VERSION}/samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml \
           -l version=v2 -n sample

   4. Deploy the sleep application by running the following command:

      $ oc --context="${CTX_CLUSTER2}" apply \
        -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/${ISTIO_VERSION}/samples/sleep/sleep.yaml -n sample

   5. Wait for the helloworld application on the West cluster to return the Ready status condition by running the following command:

      $ oc --context="${CTX_CLUSTER2}" wait --for condition=available -n sample deployment/helloworld-v2

   6. Wait for the sleep application on the West cluster to return the Ready status condition by running the following command:

      $ oc --context="${CTX_CLUSTER2}" wait --for condition=available -n sample deployment/sleep

Verifying traffic flows between clusters

1. For the East cluster, send 10 requests to the helloworld service by running the following command:

   $ for i in {0..9}; do \
     oc --context="${CTX_CLUSTER1}" exec -n sample deploy/sleep -c sleep -- curl -sS helloworld.sample:5000/hello; \
   done

   Verify that you see responses from both clusters. This means version 1 and version 2 of the service can be seen in the responses.

2. For the West cluster, send 10 requests to the helloworld service:

   $ for i in {0..9}; do \
     oc --context="${CTX_CLUSTER2}" exec -n sample deploy/sleep -c sleep -- curl -sS helloworld.sample:5000/hello; \
   done

   Verify that you see responses from both clusters. This means version 1 and version 2 of the service can be seen in the responses.

Procedure

1. Remove Istio and the sample applications from the East cluster of the development environment by running the following command:

   $ oc --context="${CTX_CLUSTER1}" delete istio/default ns/istio-system ns/sample ns/istio-cni

2. Remove Istio and the sample applications from the West cluster of development environment by running the following command:

   $ oc --context="${CTX_CLUSTER2}" delete istio/default ns/istio-system ns/sample ns/istio-cni