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Deploying an Overcloud with Containerized Red Hat Ceph

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Red Hat OpenStack Platform 13

Configuring the Director to Deploy and Use a Containerized Red Hat Ceph Cluster

OpenStack Documentation Team

Abstract

This guide provides information on using the Red Hat OpenStack Platform director to create an Overcloud with a containerized Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster. This includes instructions for customizing your Ceph cluster through the director.

Making open source more inclusive

Red Hat is committed to replacing problematic language in our code, documentation, and web properties. We are beginning with these four terms: master, slave, blacklist, and whitelist. Because of the enormity of this endeavor, these changes will be implemented gradually over several upcoming releases. For more details, see our CTO Chris Wright’s message.

Chapter 1. Introduction to integrating Red Hat Ceph Storage with an overcloud

Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) director creates a cloud environment called the overcloud. Director provides the ability to configure extra features for an overcloud. One of these extra features includes integration with Red Hat Ceph Storage. This includes both Ceph Storage clusters created with the director or existing Ceph Storage clusters.

The Red Hat Ceph cluster described in this guide features containerized Ceph Storage. For more information about containerized services in RHOSP, see Configuring a basic overcloud with the CLI tools in the Director Installation and Usage Guide.

1.1. Defining Ceph Storage

Red Hat Ceph Storage is a distributed data object store designed to provide excellent performance, reliability, and scalability. Distributed object stores are the future of storage, because they accommodate unstructured data, and because clients can use modern object interfaces and legacy interfaces simultaneously. At the heart of every Ceph deployment is the Ceph Storage cluster, which consists of two types of daemons:

Ceph Object Storage Daemon
A Ceph Object Storage Daemon (OSD) stores data on behalf of Ceph clients. Additionally, Ceph OSDs utilize the CPU and memory of Ceph nodes to perform data replication, rebalancing, recovery, monitoring, and reporting functions.
Ceph Monitor
A Ceph monitor (MON) maintains a master copy of the Ceph Storage cluster map with the current state of the storage cluster.

For more information about Red Hat Ceph Storage, see the Red Hat Ceph Storage Architecture Guide.

Note

Ceph File System (CephFS) through NFS is supported. For more information, see CephFS via NFS Back End Guide for the Shared File Systems Service.

1.2. Defining the scenario

This guide provides instructions for deploying a containerized Red Hat Ceph cluster with your overcloud. To do this, the director uses Ansible playbooks provided through the ceph-ansible package. The director also manages the configuration and scaling operations of the cluster.

1.3. Setting requirements

This guide contains information supplementary to the Director Installation and Usage guide.

If you are using the Red Hat OpenStack Platform director to create Ceph Storage nodes, note the following requirements for these nodes:

Placement Groups
Ceph uses Placement Groups to facilitate dynamic and efficient object tracking at scale. In the case of OSD failure or cluster re-balancing, Ceph can move or replicate a placement group and its contents, which means a Ceph cluster can re-balance and recover efficiently. The default Placement Group count that Director creates is not always optimal so it is important to calculate the correct Placement Group count according to your requirements. You can use the Placement Group calculator to calculate the correct count: Ceph Placement Groups (PGs) per Pool Calculator
Processor
64-bit x86 processor with support for the Intel 64 or AMD64 CPU extensions.
Memory
Red Hat typically recommends a baseline of 16GB of RAM per OSD host, with an additional 2 GB of RAM per OSD daemon.
Disk Layout

Sizing is dependant on your storage need. The recommended Red Hat Ceph Storage node configuration requires at least three or more disks in a layout similar to the following:

  • /dev/sda - The root disk. The director copies the main Overcloud image to the disk. This should be at minimum 50 GB of available disk space.
  • /dev/sdb - The journal disk. This disk divides into partitions for Ceph OSD journals. For example, /dev/sdb1, /dev/sdb2, /dev/sdb3, and onward. The journal disk is usually a solid state drive (SSD) to aid with system performance.
  • /dev/sdc and onward - The OSD disks. Use as many disks as necessary for your storage requirements.

    Note

    Red Hat OpenStack Platform director uses ceph-ansible, which does not support installing the OSD on the root disk of Ceph Storage nodes. This means you need at least two or more disks for a supported Ceph Storage node.

Network Interface Cards
A minimum of one 1 Gbps Network Interface Cards, although it is recommended to use at least two NICs in a production environment. Use additional network interface cards for bonded interfaces or to delegate tagged VLAN traffic. It is recommended to use a 10 Gbps interface for storage node, especially if creating an OpenStack Platform environment that serves a high volume of traffic.
Power Management
Each Controller node requires a supported power management interface, such as an Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) functionality, on the motherboard of the server.
Image Properties
To help improve Red Hat Ceph Storage block device performance, you can configure the Glance image to use the virtio-scsi driver. For more information about recommended image properties for images, see Congfiguring Glance in the Red Hat Ceph Storage documentation.

This guide also requires the following:

Important

The Ceph Monitor service is installed on the overcloud Controller nodes. This means that you must provide adequate resources to alleviate performance issues. Ensure that the Controller nodes in your environment use at least 16 GB of RAM for memory and solid-state drive (SSD) storage for the Ceph monitor data. For a medium to large Ceph installation, provide at least 500 GB of Ceph monitor data. This space is necessary to avoid levelDB growth if the cluster becomes unstable.

1.4. Additional resources

The /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/ceph-ansible/ceph-ansible.yaml environment file instructs the director to use playbooks derived from the ceph-ansible project. These playbooks are installed in /usr/share/ceph-ansible/ of the undercloud. In particular, the following file lists all the default settings applied by the playbooks:

  • /usr/share/ceph-ansible/group_vars/all.yml.sample
Warning

Although ceph-ansible uses playbooks to deploy containerized Ceph Storage, do not edit these files to customize your deployment. Instead, use heat environment files to override the defaults set by these playbooks. If you edit the ceph-ansible playbooks directly, your deployment fails.

For information about the default settings applied by director for containerized Ceph Storage, see the heat templates in /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/deployment/ceph-ansible.

Note

Reading these templates requires a deeper understanding of how environment files and Heat templates work in director. See Understanding Heat Templates and Environment Files for reference.

Lastly, for more information about containerized services in OpenStack, see Configuring a basic overcloud with the CLI tools in the Director Installation and Usage Guide.

Chapter 2. Preparing overcloud nodes

All nodes in this scenario are bare metal systems using IPMI for power management. These nodes do not require an operating system because the director copies a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 image to each node; in addition, the Ceph Storage services on the nodes described here are containerized. The director communicates to each node through the Provisioning network during the introspection and provisioning processes. All nodes connect to this network through the native VLAN.

2.1. Cleaning Ceph Storage node disks

The Ceph Storage OSDs and journal partitions require GPT disk labels. This means the additional disks on Ceph Storage require conversion to GPT before installing the Ceph OSD services. For this to happen, all metadata must be deleted from the disks; this will allow the director to set GPT labels on them.

You can set the director to delete all disk metadata by default by adding the following setting to your /home/stack/undercloud.conf file:

clean_nodes=true

With this option, the Bare Metal Provisioning service will run an additional step to boot the nodes and clean the disks each time the node is set to available. This adds an additional power cycle after the first introspection and before each deployment. The Bare Metal Provisioning service uses wipefs --force --all to perform the clean.

After setting this option, run the openstack undercloud install command to execute this configuration change.

Warning

The wipefs --force --all will delete all data and metadata on the disk, but does not perform a secure erase. A secure erase takes much longer.

2.2. Registering nodes

A node definition template (instackenv.json) is a JSON format file and contains the hardware and power management details for registering nodes. For example:

{
    "nodes":[
        {
            "mac":[
                "b1:b1:b1:b1:b1:b1"
            ],
            "cpu":"4",
            "memory":"6144",
            "disk":"40",
            "arch":"x86_64",
            "pm_type":"ipmi",
            "pm_user":"admin",
            "pm_password":"p@55w0rd!",
            "pm_addr":"192.0.2.205"
        },
        {
            "mac":[
                "b2:b2:b2:b2:b2:b2"
            ],
            "cpu":"4",
            "memory":"6144",
            "disk":"40",
            "arch":"x86_64",
            "pm_type":"ipmi",
            "pm_user":"admin",
            "pm_password":"p@55w0rd!",
            "pm_addr":"192.0.2.206"
        },
        {
            "mac":[
                "b3:b3:b3:b3:b3:b3"
            ],
            "cpu":"4",
            "memory":"6144",
            "disk":"40",
            "arch":"x86_64",
            "pm_type":"ipmi",
            "pm_user":"admin",
            "pm_password":"p@55w0rd!",
            "pm_addr":"192.0.2.207"
        },
        {
            "mac":[
                "c1:c1:c1:c1:c1:c1"
            ],
            "cpu":"4",
            "memory":"6144",
            "disk":"40",
            "arch":"x86_64",
            "pm_type":"ipmi",
            "pm_user":"admin",
            "pm_password":"p@55w0rd!",
            "pm_addr":"192.0.2.208"
        },
        {
            "mac":[
                "c2:c2:c2:c2:c2:c2"
            ],
            "cpu":"4",
            "memory":"6144",
            "disk":"40",
            "arch":"x86_64",
            "pm_type":"ipmi",
            "pm_user":"admin",
            "pm_password":"p@55w0rd!",
            "pm_addr":"192.0.2.209"
        },
        {
            "mac":[
                "c3:c3:c3:c3:c3:c3"
            ],
            "cpu":"4",
            "memory":"6144",
            "disk":"40",
            "arch":"x86_64",
            "pm_type":"ipmi",
            "pm_user":"admin",
            "pm_password":"p@55w0rd!",
            "pm_addr":"192.0.2.210"
        },
        {
            "mac":[
                "d1:d1:d1:d1:d1:d1"
            ],
            "cpu":"4",
            "memory":"6144",
            "disk":"40",
            "arch":"x86_64",
            "pm_type":"ipmi",
            "pm_user":"admin",
            "pm_password":"p@55w0rd!",
            "pm_addr":"192.0.2.211"
        },
        {
            "mac":[
                "d2:d2:d2:d2:d2:d2"
            ],
            "cpu":"4",
            "memory":"6144",
            "disk":"40",
            "arch":"x86_64",
            "pm_type":"ipmi",
            "pm_user":"admin",
            "pm_password":"p@55w0rd!",
            "pm_addr":"192.0.2.212"
        },
        {
            "mac":[
                "d3:d3:d3:d3:d3:d3"
            ],
            "cpu":"4",
            "memory":"6144",
            "disk":"40",
            "arch":"x86_64",
            "pm_type":"ipmi",
            "pm_user":"admin",
            "pm_password":"p@55w0rd!",
            "pm_addr":"192.0.2.213"
        }
    ]
}

After creating the template, save the file to the stack user’s home directory (/home/stack/instackenv.json). Initialize the stack user, then import instackenv.json into the director:

$ source ~/stackrc
$ openstack overcloud node import ~/instackenv.json

This imports the template and registers each node from the template into the director.

Assign the kernel and ramdisk images to each node:

$ openstack overcloud node configure <node>

The nodes are now registered and configured in the director.

2.3. Pre-deployment validations for Ceph Storage

To help avoid overcloud deployment failures, validate that the required packages exist on your servers.

2.3.1. Verifying the ceph-ansible package version

The undercloud contains Ansible-based validations that you can run to identify potential problems before you deploy the overcloud. These validations can help you avoid overcloud deployment failures by identifying common problems before they happen.

Procedure

Verify that the correction version of the ceph-ansible package is installed:

$ ansible-playbook -i /usr/bin/tripleo-ansible-inventory /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-validations/validations/ceph-ansible-installed.yaml

2.3.2. Verifying packages for pre-provisioned nodes

When you use pre-provisioned nodes in your overcloud deployment, you can verify that the servers have the packages required to be overcloud nodes that host Ceph services.

For more information about pre-provisioned nodes, see Configuring a Basic Overcloud using Pre-Provisioned Nodes.

Procedure

Verify that the servers contained the required packages:

ansible-playbook -i /usr/bin/tripleo-ansible-inventory /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-validations/validations/ceph-dependencies-installed.yaml

2.4. Manually tagging the nodes

After registering each node, you will need to inspect the hardware and tag the node into a specific profile. Profile tags match your nodes to flavors, and in turn the flavors are assigned to a deployment role.

To inspect and tag new nodes, follow these steps:

  1. Trigger hardware introspection to retrieve the hardware attributes of each node:

    $ openstack overcloud node introspect --all-manageable --provide
    • The --all-manageable option introspects only nodes in a managed state. In this example, it is all of them.
    • The --provide option resets all nodes to an active state after introspection.

      Important

      Make sure this process runs to completion. This process usually takes 15 minutes for bare metal nodes.

  2. Retrieve a list of your nodes to identify their UUIDs:

    $ openstack baremetal node list
  3. Add a profile option to the properties/capabilities parameter for each node to manually tag a node to a specific profile.

    For example, a typical deployment will use three profiles: control, compute, and ceph-storage. The following commands tag three nodes for each profile:

    $ ironic node-update 1a4e30da-b6dc-499d-ba87-0bd8a3819bc0 add properties/capabilities='profile:control,boot_option:local'
    $ ironic node-update 6faba1a9-e2d8-4b7c-95a2-c7fbdc12129a add properties/capabilities='profile:control,boot_option:local'
    $ ironic node-update 5e3b2f50-fcd9-4404-b0a2-59d79924b38e add properties/capabilities='profile:control,boot_option:local'
    $ ironic node-update 484587b2-b3b3-40d5-925b-a26a2fa3036f add properties/capabilities='profile:compute,boot_option:local'
    $ ironic node-update d010460b-38f2-4800-9cc4-d69f0d067efe add properties/capabilities='profile:compute,boot_option:local'
    $ ironic node-update d930e613-3e14-44b9-8240-4f3559801ea6 add properties/capabilities='profile:compute,boot_option:local'
    $ ironic node-update da0cc61b-4882-45e0-9f43-fab65cf4e52b add properties/capabilities='profile:ceph-storage,boot_option:local'
    $ ironic node-update b9f70722-e124-4650-a9b1-aade8121b5ed add properties/capabilities='profile:ceph-storage,boot_option:local'
    $ ironic node-update 68bf8f29-7731-4148-ba16-efb31ab8d34f add properties/capabilities='profile:ceph-storage,boot_option:local'
    Tip

    You can also configure a new custom profile to tag a node for the Ceph MON and Ceph MDS services. See Chapter 3, Deploying Other Ceph Services on dedicated nodes for details.

    The addition of the profile option tags the nodes into each respective profiles.

Note

As an alternative to manual tagging, use the Automated Health Check (AHC) Tools to automatically tag larger numbers of nodes based on benchmarking data.

2.5. Defining the root disk

Director must identify the root disk during provisioning in the case of nodes with multiple disks. For example, most Ceph Storage nodes use multiple disks. By default, the director writes the overcloud image to the root disk during the provisioning process.

There are several properties that you can define to help the director identify the root disk:

  • model (String): Device identifier.
  • vendor (String): Device vendor.
  • serial (String): Disk serial number.
  • hctl (String): Host:Channel:Target:Lun for SCSI.
  • size (Integer): Size of the device in GB.
  • wwn (String): Unique storage identifier.
  • wwn_with_extension (String): Unique storage identifier with the vendor extension appended.
  • wwn_vendor_extension (String): Unique vendor storage identifier.
  • rotational (Boolean): True for a rotational device (HDD), otherwise false (SSD).
  • name (String): The name of the device, for example: /dev/sdb1.
  • by_path (String): The unique PCI path of the device. Use this property if you do not want to use the UUID of the device.
Important

Use the name property only for devices with persistent names. Do not use name to set the root disk for any other device because this value can change when the node boots.

Complete the following steps to specify the root device using its serial number.

Procedure

  1. Check the disk information from the hardware introspection of each node. Run the following command to display the disk information of a node:

    (undercloud) $ openstack baremetal introspection data save 1a4e30da-b6dc-499d-ba87-0bd8a3819bc0 | jq ".inventory.disks"

    For example, the data for one node might show three disks:

    [
      {
        "size": 299439751168,
        "rotational": true,
        "vendor": "DELL",
        "name": "/dev/sda",
        "wwn_vendor_extension": "0x1ea4dcc412a9632b",
        "wwn_with_extension": "0x61866da04f3807001ea4dcc412a9632b",
        "model": "PERC H330 Mini",
        "wwn": "0x61866da04f380700",
        "serial": "61866da04f3807001ea4dcc412a9632b"
      }
      {
        "size": 299439751168,
        "rotational": true,
        "vendor": "DELL",
        "name": "/dev/sdb",
        "wwn_vendor_extension": "0x1ea4e13c12e36ad6",
        "wwn_with_extension": "0x61866da04f380d001ea4e13c12e36ad6",
        "model": "PERC H330 Mini",
        "wwn": "0x61866da04f380d00",
        "serial": "61866da04f380d001ea4e13c12e36ad6"
      }
      {
        "size": 299439751168,
        "rotational": true,
        "vendor": "DELL",
        "name": "/dev/sdc",
        "wwn_vendor_extension": "0x1ea4e31e121cfb45",
        "wwn_with_extension": "0x61866da04f37fc001ea4e31e121cfb45",
        "model": "PERC H330 Mini",
        "wwn": "0x61866da04f37fc00",
        "serial": "61866da04f37fc001ea4e31e121cfb45"
      }
    ]
  2. Change to the root_device parameter for the node definition. The following example shows how to set the root device to disk 2, which has 61866da04f380d001ea4e13c12e36ad6 as the serial number:

    (undercloud) $ openstack baremetal node set --property root_device='{"serial": "61866da04f380d001ea4e13c12e36ad6"}' 1a4e30da-b6dc-499d-ba87-0bd8a3819bc0
    Note

    Ensure that you configure the BIOS of each node to include booting from the root disk that you choose. Configure the boot order to boot from the network first, then to boot from the root disk.

The director identifies the specific disk to use as the root disk. When you run the openstack overcloud deploy command, the director provisions and writes the Overcloud image to the root disk.

2.6. Using the overcloud-minimal image to avoid using a Red Hat subscription entitlement

By default, director writes the QCOW2 overcloud-full image to the root disk during the provisioning process. The overcloud-full image uses a valid Red Hat subscription. However, you can also use the overcloud-minimal image, for example, to provision a bare OS where you do not want to run any other OpenStack services and consume your subscription entitlements.

A common use case for this occurs when you want to provision nodes with only Ceph daemons. For this and similar use cases, you can use the overcloud-minimal image option to avoid reaching the limit of your paid Red Hat subscriptions. For information about how to obtain the overcloud-minimal image, see Obtaining images for overcloud nodes.

Procedure

  1. To configure director to use the overcloud-minimal image, create an environment file that contains the following image definition:

    parameter_defaults:
      <roleName>Image: overcloud-minimal
  2. Replace <roleName> with the name of the role and append Image to the name of the role. The following example shows an overcloud-minimal image for Ceph storage nodes:

    parameter_defaults:
      CephStorageImage: overcloud-minimal
  3. Pass the environment file to the openstack overcloud deploy command.
Note

The overcloud-minimal image supports only standard Linux bridges and not OVS because OVS is an OpenStack service that requires an OpenStack subscription entitlement.

Chapter 3. Deploying Other Ceph Services on dedicated nodes

By default, the director deploys the Ceph MON and Ceph MDS services on the Controller nodes. This is suitable for small deployments. However, with larger deployments we advise that you deploy the Ceph MON and Ceph MDS services on dedicated nodes to improve the performance of your Ceph cluster. You can do this by creating a custom role for either one.

Note

For more information about custom roles, see Creating a New Role in the Advanced Overcloud Customization guide.

The director uses the following file as a default reference for all overcloud roles:

  • /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/roles_data.yaml

Copy this file to /home/stack/templates/ so you can add custom roles to it:

$ cp /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/roles_data.yaml /home/stack/templates/roles_data_custom.yaml

You invoke the /home/stack/templates/roles_data_custom.yaml file later during overcloud creation (Section 7.2, “Initiating overcloud deployment”). The following sub-sections describe how to configure custom roles for either Ceph MON and Ceph MDS services.

3.1. Creating a custom role and flavor for the Ceph MON service

This section describes how to create a custom role (named CephMon) and flavor (named ceph-mon) for the Ceph MON role. You should already have a copy of the default roles data file as described in Chapter 3, Deploying Other Ceph Services on dedicated nodes.

  1. Open the /home/stack/templates/roles_data_custom.yaml file.
  2. Remove the service entry for the Ceph MON service (namely, OS::TripleO::Services::CephMon) from under the Controller role.
  3. Add the OS::TripleO::Services::CephClient service to the Controller role:

    [...]
    - name: Controller # the 'primary' role goes first
      CountDefault: 1
      ServicesDefault:
        - OS::TripleO::Services::CACerts
        - OS::TripleO::Services::CephMds
        - OS::TripleO::Services::CephClient
        - OS::TripleO::Services::CephExternal
        - OS::TripleO::Services::CephRbdMirror
        - OS::TripleO::Services::CephRgw
        - OS::TripleO::Services::CinderApi
    [...]
  4. At the end of roles_data_custom.yaml, add a custom CephMon role containing the Ceph MON service and all the other required node services. For example:

    - name: CephMon
      ServicesDefault:
        # Common Services
        - OS::TripleO::Services::AuditD
        - OS::TripleO::Services::CACerts
        - OS::TripleO::Services::CertmongerUser
        - OS::TripleO::Services::Collectd
        - OS::TripleO::Services::Docker
        - OS::TripleO::Services::Fluentd
        - OS::TripleO::Services::Kernel
        - OS::TripleO::Services::Ntp
        - OS::TripleO::Services::ContainersLogrotateCrond
        - OS::TripleO::Services::SensuClient
        - OS::TripleO::Services::Snmp
        - OS::TripleO::Services::Timezone
        - OS::TripleO::Services::TripleoFirewall
        - OS::TripleO::Services::TripleoPackages
        - OS::TripleO::Services::Tuned
        # Role-Specific Services
        - OS::TripleO::Services::CephMon
  5. Using the openstack flavor create command, define a new flavor named ceph-mon for this role:

    $ openstack flavor create --id auto --ram 6144 --disk 40 --vcpus 4 ceph-mon
    Note

    For more details about this command, run openstack flavor create --help.

  6. Map this flavor to a new profile, also named ceph-mon:

    $ openstack flavor set --property "cpu_arch"="x86_64" --property "capabilities:boot_option"="local" --property "capabilities:profile"="ceph-mon" ceph-mon
    Note

    For more details about this command, run openstack flavor set --help.

  7. Tag nodes into the new ceph-mon profile:

    $ ironic node-update UUID add properties/capabilities='profile:ceph-mon,boot_option:local'
  8. Add the following configuration to the node-info.yaml file to associate the ceph-mon flavor with the CephMon role:

    parameter_defaults:
      OvercloudCephMonFlavor: CephMon
      CephMonCount: 3

See Section 2.4, “Manually tagging the nodes” for more details about tagging nodes. See also Tagging Nodes Into Profiles for related information on custom role profiles.

3.2. Creating a custom role and flavor for the Ceph MDS service

This section describes how to create a custom role (named CephMDS) and flavor (named ceph-mds) for the Ceph MDS role. You should already have a copy of the default roles data file as described in Chapter 3, Deploying Other Ceph Services on dedicated nodes.

  1. Open the /home/stack/templates/roles_data_custom.yaml file.
  2. Remove the service entry for the Ceph MDS service (namely, OS::TripleO::Services::CephMds) from under the Controller role:

    [...]
    - name: Controller # the 'primary' role goes first
      CountDefault: 1
      ServicesDefault:
        - OS::TripleO::Services::CACerts
        # - OS::TripleO::Services::CephMds 1
        - OS::TripleO::Services::CephMon
        - OS::TripleO::Services::CephExternal
        - OS::TripleO::Services::CephRbdMirror
        - OS::TripleO::Services::CephRgw
        - OS::TripleO::Services::CinderApi
    [...]
    1
    Comment out this line. This same service will be added to a custom role in the next step.
  3. At the end of roles_data_custom.yaml, add a custom CephMDS role containing the Ceph MDS service and all the other required node services. For example:

    - name: CephMDS
      ServicesDefault:
        # Common Services
        - OS::TripleO::Services::AuditD
        - OS::TripleO::Services::CACerts
        - OS::TripleO::Services::CertmongerUser
        - OS::TripleO::Services::Collectd
        - OS::TripleO::Services::Docker
        - OS::TripleO::Services::Fluentd
        - OS::TripleO::Services::Kernel
        - OS::TripleO::Services::Ntp
        - OS::TripleO::Services::ContainersLogrotateCrond
        - OS::TripleO::Services::SensuClient
        - OS::TripleO::Services::Snmp
        - OS::TripleO::Services::Timezone
        - OS::TripleO::Services::TripleoFirewall
        - OS::TripleO::Services::TripleoPackages
        - OS::TripleO::Services::Tuned
        # Role-Specific Services
        - OS::TripleO::Services::CephMds
        - OS::TripleO::Services::CephClient 1
    1
    The Ceph MDS service requires the admin keyring, which can be set by either Ceph MON or Ceph Client service. As we are deploying Ceph MDS on a dedicated node (without the Ceph MON service), include the Ceph Client service on the role as well.
  4. Using the openstack flavor create command, define a new flavor named ceph-mds for this role:

    $ openstack flavor create --id auto --ram 6144 --disk 40 --vcpus 4 ceph-mds
    Note

    For more details about this command, run openstack flavor create --help.

  5. Map this flavor to a new profile, also named ceph-mds:

    $ openstack flavor set --property "cpu_arch"="x86_64" --property "capabilities:boot_option"="local" --property "capabilities:profile"="ceph-mds" ceph-mds
    Note

    For more details about this command, run openstack flavor set --help.

Tag nodes into the new ceph-mds profile:

$ ironic node-update UUID add properties/capabilities='profile:ceph-mds,boot_option:local'

See Section 2.4, “Manually tagging the nodes” for more details about tagging nodes. See also Tagging Nodes Into Profiles for related information on custom role profiles.

Chapter 4. Customizing the Storage service

The heat template collection provided by director already contains the necessary templates and environment files to enable a basic Ceph Storage configuration.

The /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/ceph-ansible/ceph-ansible.yaml environment file creates a Ceph cluster and integrates it with your overcloud at deployment. This cluster features containerized Ceph Storage nodes. For more information about containerized services in OpenStack, see Configuring a basic overcloud with the CLI tools in the Director Installation and Usage Guide.

The Red Hat OpenStack director also applies basic, default settings to the deployed Ceph cluster. You need a custom environment file to pass custom settings to your Ceph cluster.

Procedure

  1. Create the file storage-config.yaml in /home/stack/templates/. For the purposes of this document, ~/templates/storage-config.yaml contains most of the overcloud-related custom settings for your environment. It overrides all the default settings applied by director to your overcloud.
  2. Add a parameter_defaults section to ~/templates/storage-config.yaml. This section contains custom settings for your overcloud. For example, to set vxlan as the network type of the Networking service (neutron):

    parameter_defaults:
      NeutronNetworkType: vxlan
  3. Optional: You can set the following options under parameter_defaults depending on your needs:

    OptionDescriptionDefault value

    CinderEnableIscsiBackend

    Enables the iSCSI backend

    false

    CinderEnableRbdBackend

    Enables the Ceph Storage back end

    true

    CinderBackupBackend

    Sets ceph or swift as the back end for volume backups; see Section 4.4, “Configuring the Backup Service to use Ceph” for related details

    ceph

    NovaEnableRbdBackend

    Enables Ceph Storage for Nova ephemeral storage

    true

    GlanceBackend

    Defines which back end the Image service should use: rbd (Ceph), swift, or file

    rbd

    GnocchiBackend

    Defines which back end the Telemetry service should use: rbd (Ceph), swift, or file

    rbd

    Note

    You can omit an option from ~/templates/storage-config.yaml if you want to use the default setting.

The contents of your environment file changes depending on the settings you apply in the sections that follow. See Appendix A, Sample environment file: Creating a Ceph cluster for a finished example.

The following subsections explain how to override common default storage service settings applied by the director.

4.1. Enabling the Ceph Metadata server

The Ceph Metadata Server (MDS) runs the ceph-mds daemon, which manages metadata related to files stored on CephFS. CephFS can be consumed via NFS. For related information about using CephFS via NFS, see Ceph File System Guide and CephFS via NFS Back End Guide for the Shared File System Service.

Note

Red Hat only supports deploying Ceph MDS with the CephFS through NFS back end for the Shared File Systems service.

To enable the Ceph Metadata Server, invoke the following environment file when you create your overcloud:

  • /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/ceph-ansible/ceph-mds.yaml

See Section 7.2, “Initiating overcloud deployment” for more details. For more information about the Ceph Metadata Server, see Configuring Metadata Server Daemons.

Note

By default, the Ceph Metadata Server is deployed on the Controller node. You can deploy the Ceph Metadata Server on its own dedicated node, see Section 3.2, “Creating a custom role and flavor for the Ceph MDS service”.

4.2. Enabling the Ceph Object Gateway

The Ceph Object Gateway (RGW) provides applications with an interface to object storage capabilities within a Ceph Storage cluster. When you deploy RGW, you can replace the default Object Storage service (swift) with Ceph. For more information, see Object Gateway Guide for Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

To enable RGW in your deployment, invoke the following environment file when creating your overcloud:

  • /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/ceph-ansible/ceph-rgw.yaml

For more information, see Section 7.2, “Initiating overcloud deployment”.

By default, Ceph Storage allows 250 placement groups per OSD. When you enable RGW, Ceph Storage creates six additional pools that are required by RGW. The new pools are:

  • .rgw.root
  • default.rgw.control
  • default.rgw.meta
  • default.rgw.log
  • default.rgw.buckets.index
  • default.rgw.buckets.data
Note

In your deployment, default is replaced with the name of the zone to which the pools belongs.

Therefore, when you enable RGW, be sure to set the default pg_num using the CephPoolDefaultPgNum parameter to account for the new pools. For more information about how to calculate the number of placement groups for Ceph pools, see Section 6.9, “Assigning custom attributes to different Ceph pools”.

The Ceph Object Gateway acts as a drop-in replacement for the default Object Storage service. As such, all other services that normally use swift can seamlessly start using the Ceph Object Gateway instead without further configuration. For example, when configuring the Block Storage Backup service (cinder-backup) to use the Ceph Object Gateway, set ceph as the target back end (see Section 4.4, “Configuring the Backup Service to use Ceph”).

4.3. Configuring Ceph Object Store to use external Ceph Object Gateway

Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) director supports configuring an external Ceph Object Gateway (RGW) as an Object Store service. To authenticate with the external RGW service, you must configure RGW to verify users and their roles in the Identity service (keystone).

For more information about how to configure an external Ceph Object Gateway, see Configuring the Ceph Object Gateway in the Using Keystone with the Ceph Object Gateway Guide.

Procedure

  1. Add the following parameter_defaults to a custom environment file, for example, swift-external-params.yaml, and adjust the values to suit your deployment:

    parameter_defaults:
       ExternalPublicUrl: 'http://<Public RGW endpoint or loadbalancer>:8080/swift/v1/AUTH_%(project_id)s'
       ExternalInternalUrl: 'http://<Internal RGW endpoint>:8080/swift/v1/AUTH_%(project_id)s'
       ExternalAdminUrl: 'http://<Admin RGW endpoint>:8080/swift/v1/AUTH_%(project_id)s'
       ExternalSwiftUserTenant: 'service'
       SwiftPassword: 'choose_a_random_password'
    Note

    The example code snippet contains parameter values that might differ from values that you use in your environment:

    • The default port where the remote RGW instance listens is 8080. The port might be different depending on how the external RGW is configured.
    • The swift user created in the overcloud uses the password defined by the SwiftPassword parameter. You must configure the external RGW instance to use the same password to authenticate with the Identity service by using the rgw_keystone_admin_password.
  2. Add the following code to the Ceph config file to configure RGW to use the Identity service. Adjust the variable values to suit your environment.

        rgw_keystone_api_version: 3
        rgw_keystone_url: http://<public Keystone endpoint>:5000/
        rgw_keystone_accepted_roles: 'member, Member, admin'
        rgw_keystone_accepted_admin_roles: ResellerAdmin, swiftoperator
        rgw_keystone_admin_domain: default
        rgw_keystone_admin_project: service
        rgw_keystone_admin_user: swift
        rgw_keystone_admin_password: <Password as defined in the environment parameters>
        rgw_keystone_implicit_tenants: 'true'
        rgw_keystone_revocation_interval: '0'
        rgw_s3_auth_use_keystone: 'true'
        rgw_swift_versioning_enabled: 'true'
        rgw_swift_account_in_url: 'true'
    Note

    Director creates the following roles and users in the Identity service by default:

    • rgw_keystone_accepted_admin_roles: ResellerAdmin, swiftoperator
    • rgw_keystone_admin_domain: default
    • rgw_keystone_admin_project: service
    • rgw_keystone_admin_user: swift
  3. Deploy the overcloud with the additional environment files:

    openstack overcloud deploy --templates \
    -e <your environment files>
    -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/swift-external.yaml
    -e swift-external-params.yaml

4.4. Configuring the Backup Service to use Ceph

The Block Storage Backup service (cinder-backup) is disabled by default. To enable it, invoke the following environment file when creating your overcloud:

  • /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/cinder-backup.yaml

See Section 7.2, “Initiating overcloud deployment” for more details.

When you enable cinder-backup (as in Section 4.2, “Enabling the Ceph Object Gateway”), you can configure it to store backups in Ceph. This involves adding the following line to the parameter_defaults of your environment file (namely, ~/templates/storage-config.yaml):

CinderBackupBackend: ceph

4.5. Configuring multiple bonded interfaces per Ceph node

You can use a bonded interface to combine multiple NICs to add redundancy to a network connection. If you have enough NICs on your Ceph nodes, you can take this a step further by creating multiple bonded interfaces per node.

With this, you can then use a bonded interface for each network connection required by the node. This provides both redundancy and a dedicated connection for each network.

The simplest implementation of this involves the use of two bonds, one for each storage network used by the Ceph nodes. These networks are the following:

Front-end storage network (StorageNet)
The Ceph client uses this network to interact with its Ceph cluster.
Back-end storage network (StorageMgmtNet)
The Ceph cluster uses this network to balance data in accordance with the placement group policy of the cluster. For more information, see Placement Groups (PG) in the Red Hat Ceph Architecture Guide.

Configuring this involves customizing a network interface template, as the director does not provide any sample templates that deploy multiple bonded NICs. However, the director does provide a template that deploys a single bonded interface — namely, /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/config/bond-with-vlans/ceph-storage.yaml. You can add a bonded interface for your additional NICs by defining it there.

Note

For more information about creating custom interface templates, Creating Custom Interface Templates in the Advanced Overcloud Customization guide.

The following snippet contains the default definition for the single bonded interface defined by /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/config/bond-with-vlans/ceph-storage.yaml:

  type: ovs_bridge // 1
  name: br-bond
  members:
    -
      type: ovs_bond // 2
      name: bond1 // 3
      ovs_options: {get_param: BondInterfaceOvsOptions} 4
      members: // 5
        -
          type: interface
          name: nic2
          primary: true
        -
          type: interface
          name: nic3
    -
      type: vlan // 6
      device: bond1 // 7
      vlan_id: {get_param: StorageNetworkVlanID}
      addresses:
        -
          ip_netmask: {get_param: StorageIpSubnet}
    -
      type: vlan
      device: bond1
      vlan_id: {get_param: StorageMgmtNetworkVlanID}
      addresses:
        -
          ip_netmask: {get_param: StorageMgmtIpSubnet}
1
A single bridge named br-bond holds the bond defined by this template. This line defines the bridge type, namely OVS.
2
The first member of the br-bond bridge is the bonded interface itself, named bond1. This line defines the bond type of bond1, which is also OVS.
3
The default bond is named bond1, as defined in this line.
4
The ovs_options entry instructs director to use a specific set of bonding module directives. Those directives are passed through the BondInterfaceOvsOptions, which you can also configure in this same file. For instructions on how to configure this, see Section 4.5.1, “Configuring bonding module directives”.
5
The members section of the bond defines which network interfaces are bonded by bond1. In this case, the bonded interface uses nic2 (set as the primary interface) and nic3.
6
The br-bond bridge has two other members: namely, a VLAN for both front-end (StorageNetwork) and back-end (StorageMgmtNetwork) storage networks.
7
The device parameter defines what device a VLAN should use. In this case, both VLANs will use the bonded interface bond1.

With at least two more NICs, you can define an additional bridge and bonded interface. Then, you can move one of the VLANs to the new bonded interface. This results in added throughput and reliability for both storage network connections.

When customizing /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/config/bond-with-vlans/ceph-storage.yaml for this purpose, it is advisable to also use Linux bonds (type: linux_bond ) instead of the default OVS (type: ovs_bond). This bond type is more suitable for enterprise production deployments.

The following edited snippet defines an additional OVS bridge (br-bond2) which houses a new Linux bond named bond2. The bond2 interface uses two additional NICs (namely, nic4 and nic5) and will be used solely for back-end storage network traffic:

  type: ovs_bridge
  name: br-bond
  members:
    -
      type: linux_bond
      name: bond1
      **bonding_options**: {get_param: BondInterfaceOvsOptions} // 1
      members:
        -
          type: interface
          name: nic2
          primary: true
        -
          type: interface
          name: nic3
    -
      type: vlan
      device: bond1
      vlan_id: {get_param: StorageNetworkVlanID}
      addresses:
        -
          ip_netmask: {get_param: StorageIpSubnet}
-
  type: ovs_bridge
  name: br-bond2
  members:
    -
      type: linux_bond
      name: bond2
      **bonding_options**: {get_param: BondInterfaceOvsOptions}
      members:
        -
          type: interface
          name: nic4
          primary: true
        -
          type: interface
          name: nic5
    -
      type: vlan
      device: bond1
      vlan_id: {get_param: StorageMgmtNetworkVlanID}
      addresses:
        -
          ip_netmask: {get_param: StorageMgmtIpSubnet}
1
As bond1 and bond2 are both Linux bonds (instead of OVS), they use bonding_options instead of ovs_options to set bonding directives. For related information, see Section 4.5.1, “Configuring bonding module directives”.

For the full contents of this customized template, see Appendix B, Sample custom interface template: Multiple bonded interfaces.

4.5.1. Configuring bonding module directives

After you add and configure the bonded interfaces, use the BondInterfaceOvsOptions parameter to set what directives each use. You can find this in the parameters: section of /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/config/bond-with-vlans/ceph-storage.yaml. The following snippet shows the default definition of this parameter (namely, empty):

BondInterfaceOvsOptions:
    default: ''
    description: The ovs_options string for the bond interface. Set
                 things like lacp=active and/or bond_mode=balance-slb
                 using this option.
    type: string

Define the options you need in the default: line. For example, to use 802.3ad (mode 4) and a LACP rate of 1 (fast), use 'mode=4 lacp_rate=1', as in:

BondInterfaceOvsOptions:
    default: 'mode=4 lacp_rate=1'
    description: The bonding_options string for the bond interface. Set
                 things like lacp=active and/or bond_mode=balance-slb
                 using this option.
    type: string

For more information about other supported bonding options, see Open vSwitch Bonding Options in the Advanced Overcloud Optimization guide. For the full contents of the customized /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/config/bond-with-vlans/ceph-storage.yaml template, see Appendix B, Sample custom interface template: Multiple bonded interfaces.

Chapter 5. Customizing the Ceph Storage cluster

Director deploys containerized Red Hat Ceph Storage using a default configuration. You can customize Ceph Storage by overriding the default settings.

Prerequistes

To deploy containerized Ceph Storage you must include the /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/ceph-ansible/ceph-ansible.yaml file during overcloud deployment. This environment file defines the following resources:

Procedure

  1. Enable the Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 Tools repository:

    $ sudo subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-rhceph-3-tools-rpms
  2. Install the ceph-ansible package on your undercloud:

    $ sudo yum install ceph-ansible
  3. To customize your Ceph Storage cluster, define custom parameters in a new environment file, for example, /home/stack/templates/ceph-config.yaml. You can apply Ceph Storage cluster settings with the following syntax in the parameter_defaults section of your environment file:

    parameter_defaults:
      section:
        KEY:VALUE
    Note

    You can apply the CephConfigOverrides parameter to the [global] section of the ceph.conf file, as well as any other section, such as [osd], [mon], and [client]. If you specify a section, the key:value data goes into the specified section. If you do not specify a section, the data goes into the [global] section by default. For information about Ceph Storage configuration, customization, and supported parameters, see Red Hat Ceph Storage Configuration Guide.

  4. Replace KEY and VALUE with the Ceph cluster settings that you want to apply. For example, in the global section, max_open_files is the KEY and 131072 is the corresponding VALUE:

    parameter_defaults:
      CephConfigOverrides:
        global:
          max_open_files: 131072
        osd:
          osd_scrub_during_recovery: false

    This configuration results in the following settings defined in the configuration file of your Ceph cluster:

    [global]
    max_open_files = 131072
    [osd]
    osd_scrub_during_recovery = false

5.1. Setting ceph-ansible group variables

The ceph-ansible tool is a playbook used to install and manage Ceph Storage clusters.

For information about the group_vars directory, see 3.2. Installing a Red Hat Ceph Storage Cluster in the Installation Guide for Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

To change the variable defaults in director, use the CephAnsibleExtraConfig parameter to pass the new values in heat environment files. For example, to set the ceph-ansible group variable journal_size to 40960, create an environment file with the following journal_size definition:

parameter_defaults:
  CephAnsibleExtraConfig:
    journal_size: 40960
Important

Change ceph-ansible group variables with the override parameters; do not edit group variables directly in the /usr/share/ceph-ansible directory on the undercloud.

5.2. Mapping the Ceph Storage node disk layout

When you deploy containerized Ceph Storage, you must map the disk layout and specify dedicated block devices for the Ceph OSD service. You can perform this mapping in the environment file you created earlier to define your custom Ceph parameters: /home/stack/templates/ceph-config.yaml.

Use the CephAnsibleDisksConfig resource in parameter_defaults to map your disk layout. This resource uses the following variables:

VariableRequired?Default value (if unset)Description

osd_scenario

Yes

lvm

NOTE: For new deployments using Ceph 3.2 and later, lvm is the default. For Ceph 3.1 and earlier, the default is collocated

With Ceph 3.2, lvm allows ceph-ansible to use ceph-volume to configure OSDs and BlueStore WAL devices.

With Ceph 3.1, the values set the journaling scenario, such as whether OSDs must be created with journals that are either:

- co-located on the same device for filestore (collocated), or

- stored on dedicated devices for filestore (non-collocated).

devices

Yes

NONE. Variable must be set.

A list of block devices to be used on the node for OSDs.

dedicated_devices

Yes (only if osd_scenario is non-collocated)

devices

A list of block devices that maps each entry under devices to a dedicated journaling block device. Use this variable only when osd_scenario=non-collocated.

dmcrypt

No

false

Sets whether data stored on OSDs are encrypted (true) or not (false).

osd_objectstore

No

bluestore

NOTE: For new deployments using Ceph 3.2 and later, bluestore is the default. For Ceph 3.1 and earlier, the default is filestore.

Sets the storage back end used by Ceph.

Important

If you deployed your Ceph cluster with a version of ceph-ansible older than 3.3 and osd_scenario is set to collocated or non-collocated, OSD reboot failure can occur due to a device naming discrepancy. For more information about this fault, see https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1670734. For information about a workaround, see https://access.redhat.com/solutions/3702681.

5.2.1. Using BlueStore in Ceph 3.2 and later

Note

New deployments of OpenStack Platform 13 must use bluestore. Current deployments that use filestore must continue using filestore, as described in Using FileStore in Ceph 3.1 and earlier. Migrations from filestore to bluestore are not supported by default in RHCS 3.x.

Procedure

  1. To specify the block devices to be used as Ceph OSDs, use a variation of the following:

    parameter_defaults:
      CephAnsibleDisksConfig:
        devices:
          - /dev/sdb
          - /dev/sdc
          - /dev/sdd
          - /dev/nvme0n1
        osd_scenario: lvm
        osd_objectstore: bluestore
  2. Because /dev/nvme0n1 is in a higher performing device class—​it is an SSD and the other devices are HDDs—​the example parameter defaults produce three OSDs that run on /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, and /dev/sdd. The three OSDs use /dev/nvme0n1 as a BlueStore WAL device. The ceph-volume tool does this by using the batch subcommand. The same configuration is duplicated for each Ceph storage node and assumes uniform hardware. If the BlueStore WAL data resides on the same disks as the OSDs, then change the parameter defaults in the following way:

    parameter_defaults:
      CephAnsibleDisksConfig:
        devices:
          - /dev/sdb
          - /dev/sdc
          - /dev/sdd
        osd_scenario: lvm
        osd_objectstore: bluestore

5.2.2. Using FileStore in Ceph 3.1 and earlier

Important

The default journaling scenario is set to osd_scenario=collocated, which has lower hardware requirements consistent with most testing environments. In a typical production environment, however, journals are stored on dedicated devices, osd_scenario=non-collocated, to accommodate heavier I/O workloads. For more information, see Identifying a Performance Use Case in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Hardware Selection Guide.

Procedure

  1. List each block device to be used by the OSDs as a simple list under the devices variable, for example:

    devices:
      - /dev/sda
      - /dev/sdb
      - /dev/sdc
      - /dev/sdd
  2. Optional: If osd_scenario=non-collocated, you must also map each entry in devices to a corresponding entry in dedicated_devices. For example, the following snippet in /home/stack/templates/ceph-config.yaml:

    osd_scenario: non-collocated
    devices:
      - /dev/sda
      - /dev/sdb
      - /dev/sdc
      - /dev/sdd
    
    dedicated_devices:
      - /dev/sdf
      - /dev/sdf
      - /dev/sdg
      - /dev/sdg
    Result

    Each Ceph Storage node in the resulting Ceph cluster has the following characteristics:

    • /dev/sda has /dev/sdf1 as its journal
    • /dev/sdb has /dev/sdf2 as its journal
    • /dev/sdc has /dev/sdg1 as its journal
    • /dev/sdd has /dev/sdg2 as its journal

5.2.3. Referring to devices with persistent names

Procedure

  1. In some nodes, disk paths such as /dev/sdb and /dev/sdc, might not point to the same block device during reboots. If this is the case with your CephStorage nodes, specify each disk with the /dev/disk/by-path/ symlink to ensure that the block device mapping is consistent throughout deployments:

    parameter_defaults:
      CephAnsibleDisksConfig:
        devices:
    
          - /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:0:10:0
          - /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:0:11:0
    
    
        dedicated_devices:
          - /dev/nvme0n1
          - /dev/nvme0n1
  2. Optional: Because you must set the list of OSD devices before overcloud deployment, it might not be possible to identify and set the PCI path of disk devices. In this case, gather the /dev/disk/by-path/symlink data for block devices during introspection.

    In the following example, run the first command to download the introspection data from the undercloud Object Storage service (swift) for the server, b08-h03-r620-hci, and save the data in a file called b08-h03-r620-hci.json. Run the second command to grep for “by-path”. The output of this command contains the unique /dev/disk/by-path values that you can use to identify disks.

    (undercloud) [stack@b08-h02-r620 ironic]$ openstack baremetal introspection data save b08-h03-r620-hci | jq . > b08-h03-r620-hci.json
    (undercloud) [stack@b08-h02-r620 ironic]$ grep by-path b08-h03-r620-hci.json
            "by_path": "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:02:00.0-scsi-0:2:0:0",
            "by_path": "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:02:00.0-scsi-0:2:1:0",
            "by_path": "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:02:00.0-scsi-0:2:3:0",
            "by_path": "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:02:00.0-scsi-0:2:4:0",
            "by_path": "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:02:00.0-scsi-0:2:5:0",
            "by_path": "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:02:00.0-scsi-0:2:6:0",
            "by_path": "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:02:00.0-scsi-0:2:7:0",
            "by_path": "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:02:00.0-scsi-0:2:0:0",

For more information about naming conventions for storage devices, see Persistent Naming in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) Managing storage devices guide.

Warning

osd_scenario: lvm is used in the example to default new deployments to bluestore as configured by ceph-volume; this is only available with ceph-ansible 3.2 or later and Ceph Luminous or later. The parameters to support filestore with ceph-ansible 3.2 are backwards compatible. Therefore, in existing FileStore deployments, do not change the osd_objectstore or osd_scenario parameters.

5.2.4. Creating a valid JSON file automatically from Bare Metal service introspection data

When you customize devices in a Ceph Storage deployment by manually including node-specific overrides, you can inadvertently introduce errors. The director tools directory contains a utility named make_ceph_disk_list.py that you can use to create a valid JSON environment file automatically from Bare Metal service (ironic) introspection data.

Procedure

  1. Export the introspection data from the Bare Metal service database for the Ceph Storage nodes you want to deploy:

    openstack baremetal introspection data save oc0-ceph-0 > ceph0.json
    openstack baremetal introspection data save oc0-ceph-1 > ceph1.json
    ...
  2. Copy the utility to the stack user’s home directory on the undercloud, and then use it to generate a node_data_lookup.json file that you can pass to the openstack overcloud deploy command:

    ./make_ceph_disk_list.py -i ceph*.json -o node_data_lookup.json -k by_path
    • The -i option can take an expression such as *.json or a list of files as input.
    • The -k option defines the key of the ironic disk data structure used to identify the OSD disks.

      Note

      Red Hat does not recommend using name because it produces a list of devices such as /dev/sdd, which may not always point to the same device on reboot. Instead, Red Hat recommends that you use by_path, which is the default option if -k is not specified.

      Note

      You can only define NodeDataLookup once during a deployment, so pass the introspection data file to all nodes that host Ceph OSDs. The Bare Metal service reserves one of the available disks on the system as the root disk. The utility always exludes the root disk from the list of generated devices.

  3. Run the ./make_ceph_disk_list.py –help command to see other available options.

5.2.5. Mapping the Disk Layout to Non-Homogeneous Ceph Storage Nodes

Important

Non-homogeneous Ceph Storage nodes can cause performance issues, such as the risk of unpredictable performance loss. Although you can configure non-homogeneous Ceph Storage nodes in your Red Hat OpenStack Platform environment, Red Hat does not recommend it.

By default, all nodes that host Ceph OSDs use the global devices and dedicated_devices lists that you set in Section 5.2, “Mapping the Ceph Storage node disk layout”.

This default configuration is appropriate when all Ceph OSD nodes have homogeneous hardware. However, if a subset of these servers do not have homogeneous hardware, then you must define a node-specific disk configuration in the director.

Note

To identify nodes that host Ceph OSDs, inspect the roles_data.yaml file and identify all roles that include the OS::TripleO::Services::CephOSD service.

To define a node-specific configuration, create a custom environment file that identifies each server and includes a list of local variables that override global variables and include the environment file in the openstack overcloud deploy command. For example, create a node-specific configuration file called node-spec-overrides.yaml.

You can extract the machine unique UUID for each individual server or from the Ironic database.

To locate the UUID for an individual server, log in to the server and run the following command:

dmidecode -s system-uuid

To extract the UUID from the Ironic database, run the following command on the undercloud:

openstack baremetal introspection data save NODE-ID | jq .extra.system.product.uuid
Warning

If the undercloud.conf file does not have inspection_extras = true prior to undercloud installation or upgrade and introspection, then the machine unique UUID will not be in the Ironic database.

Important

The machine unique UUID is not the Ironic UUID.

A valid node-spec-overrides.yaml file may look like the following:

parameter_defaults:
  NodeDataLookup: |
    {"32E87B4C-C4A7-418E-865B-191684A6883B": {"devices": ["/dev/sdc"]}}

All lines after the first two lines must be valid JSON. An easy way to verify that the JSON is valid is to use the jq command. For example:

  1. Remove the first two lines (parameter_defaults: and NodeDataLookup: |) from the file temporarily.
  2. Run cat node-spec-overrides.yaml | jq .

As the node-spec-overrides.yaml file grows, jq may also be used to ensure that the embedded JSON is valid. For example, because the devices and dedicated_devices list should be the same length, use the following to verify that they are the same length before starting the deployment.

(undercloud) [stack@b08-h02-r620 tht]$ cat node-spec-c05-h17-h21-h25-6048r.yaml | jq '.[] | .devices | length'
33
30
33
(undercloud) [stack@b08-h02-r620 tht]$ cat node-spec-c05-h17-h21-h25-6048r.yaml | jq '.[] | .dedicated_devices | length'
33
30
33
(undercloud) [stack@b08-h02-r620 tht]$

In this example, the node-spec-c05-h17-h21-h25-6048r.yaml has three servers in rack c05 in which slots h17, h21, and h25 are missing disks. A more complicated example is included at the end of this section.

After you validate the JSON syntax, ensure that you repopulate the first two lines of the environment file and use the -e option to include the file in the deployment command.

In the following example, the updated environment file uses NodeDataLookup for Ceph deployment. All of the servers had a devices list with 35 disks, except one server has a disk missing.

Use the following example environment file to override the default devices list for the node that has 34 disks with the list of disks it should use instead of the global list.

parameter_defaults:
  # c05-h01-6048r is missing scsi-0:2:35:0 (00000000-0000-0000-0000-0CC47A6EFD0C)
  NodeDataLookup: |
    {
    "00000000-0000-0000-0000-0CC47A6EFD0C": {
      "devices": [
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:1:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:32:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:2:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:3:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:4:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:5:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:6:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:33:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:7:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:8:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:34:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:9:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:10:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:11:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:12:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:13:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:14:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:15:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:16:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:17:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:18:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:19:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:20:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:21:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:22:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:23:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:24:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:25:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:26:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:27:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:28:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:29:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:30:0",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:31:0"
        ],
      "dedicated_devices": [
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:81:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:81:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:81:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:81:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:81:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:81:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:81:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:81:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:81:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:81:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:81:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:81:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:81:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:81:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:81:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:81:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:81:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:81:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:84:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:84:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:84:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:84:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:84:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:84:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:84:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:84:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:84:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:84:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:84:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:84:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:84:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:84:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:84:00.0-nvme-1",
    "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:84:00.0-nvme-1"
        ]
      }
    }

5.3. Controlling resources that are available to Ceph Storage containers

When you colocate Ceph Storage containers and Red Hat OpenStack Platform containers on the same server, the containers can compete for memory and CPU resources.

To control the amount of memory or CPU that Ceph Storage containers can use, define the CPU and memory limits as shown in the following example:

parameter_defaults:
  CephAnsibleExtraConfig:
    ceph_mds_docker_cpu_limit: 4
    ceph_mgr_docker_cpu_limit: 1
    ceph_mon_docker_cpu_limit: 1
    ceph_osd_docker_cpu_limit: 4
    ceph_mds_docker_memory_limit: 64438m
    ceph_mgr_docker_memory_limit: 64438m
    ceph_mon_docker_memory_limit: 64438m
Note

The limits shown are for example only. Actual values can vary based on your environment.

Warning

The default value for all of the memory limits specified in the example is the total host memory on the system. For example, ceph-ansible uses "{{ ansible_memtotal_mb }}m".

Warning

The ceph_osd_docker_memory_limit parameter is intentionally excluded from the example. Do not use the ceph_osd_docker_memory_limit parameter. For more information, see Reserving Memory Resources for Ceph in the Hyper-Converged Infrastructure Guide.

If the server on which the containers are colocated does not have sufficient memory or CPU, or if your design requires physical isolation, you can use composable services to deploy Ceph Storage containers to additional nodes. For more information, see Composable Services and Custom Roles in the Advanced Overcloud Customization guide.

5.4. Overriding Ansible environment variables

The Red Hat OpenStack Platform Workflow service (mistral) uses Ansible to configure Ceph Storage, but you can customize the Ansible environment by using Ansible environment variables.

Procedure

To override an ANSIBLE_* environment variable, use the CephAnsibleEnvironmentVariables heat template parameter.

This example configuration increases the number of forks and SSH retries:

parameter_defaults:
  CephAnsibleEnvironmentVariables:
    ANSIBLE_SSH_RETRIES: '6'
    DEFAULT_FORKS: '35'

For more information about Ansible environment variables, see Ansible Configuration Settings.

For more information about how to customize your Ceph Storage cluster, see Customizing the Ceph Storage cluster.

Chapter 6. Deploying second-tier Ceph storage on Red Hat OpenStack Platform

Using OpenStack director, you can deploy different Red Hat Ceph Storage performance tiers by adding new Ceph nodes dedicated to a specific tier in a Ceph cluster.

For example, you can add new object storage daemon (OSD) nodes with SSD drives to an existing Ceph cluster to create a Block Storage (cinder) backend exclusively for storing data on these nodes. A user creating a new Block Storage volume can then choose the desired performance tier: either HDDs or the new SSDs.

This type of deployment requires Red Hat OpenStack Platform director to pass a customized CRUSH map to ceph-ansible. The CRUSH map allows you to split OSD nodes based on disk performance, but you can also use this feature for mapping physical infrastructure layout.

The following sections demonstrate how to deploy four nodes where two of the nodes use SSDs and the other two use HDDs. The example is kept simple to communicate a repeatable pattern. However, a production deployment should use more nodes and more OSDs to be supported as per the Red Hat Ceph Storage hardware selection guide.

6.1. Create a CRUSH map

The CRUSH map allows you to put OSD nodes into a CRUSH root. By default, a “default” root is created and all OSD nodes are included in it.

Inside a given root, you define the physical topology, rack, rooms, and so forth, and then place the OSD nodes in the desired hierarchy (or bucket). By default, no physical topology is defined; a flat design is assumed as if all nodes are in the same rack.

two tier crush map

See Crush Administration in the Storage Strategies Guide for details about creating a custom CRUSH map.

6.2. Mapping the OSDs

Complete the following step to map the OSDs.

Procedure

  1. Declare the OSDs/journal mapping:

    parameter_defaults:
      CephAnsibleDisksConfig:
       devices:
       - /dev/sda
       - /dev/sdb
       dedicated_devices:
       - /dev/sdc
       - /dev/sdc
       osd_scenario: non-collocated
       journal_size: 8192

6.3. Setting the replication factor

Complete the following step to set the replication factor.

Note

This is normally supported only for full SSD deployment. See Red Hat Ceph Storage: Supported configurations.

Procedure

  1. Set the default replication factor to two. This example splits four nodes into two different roots.

    parameter_defaults:
      CephPoolDefaultSize: 2
Note

If you upgrade a deployment that uses gnocchi as the backend, you might encounter deployment timeout. To prevent this timeout, use the following CephPool definition to customize the gnocchi pool:

parameter_defaults
    CephPools:  {"name": metrics, "pg_num": 128, "pgp_num": 128, "size": 1}

6.4. Defining the CRUSH hierarchy

Director provides the data for the CRUSH hierarchy, but ceph-ansible actually passes that data by getting the CRUSH mapping through the Ansible inventory file. Unless you keep the default root, you must specify the location of the root for each node.

For example if node lab-ceph01 (provisioning IP 172.16.0.26) is placed in rack1 inside the fast_root, the Ansible inventory should resemble the following:

172.16.0.26:
osd_crush_location: {host: lab-ceph01, rack: rack1, root: fast_root}

When you use director to deploy Ceph, you don’t actually write the Ansible inventory; it is generated for you. Therefore, you must use NodeDataLookup to append the data.

NodeDataLookup works by specifying the system product UUID stored on the motherboard of the systems. The Bare Metal service (ironic) also stores this information after the introspection phase.

To create a CRUSH map that supports second-tier storage, complete the following steps:

Procedure

  1. Run the following commands to retrieve the UUIDs of the four nodes:

    for ((x=1; x<=4; x++)); \
    { echo "Node overcloud-ceph0${x}"; \
    openstack baremetal introspection data save overcloud-ceph0${x} | jq .extra.system.product.uuid; }
    Node overcloud-ceph01
    "32C2BC31-F6BB-49AA-971A-377EFDFDB111"
    Node overcloud-ceph02
    "76B4C69C-6915-4D30-AFFD-D16DB74F64ED"
    Node overcloud-ceph03
    "FECF7B20-5984-469F-872C-732E3FEF99BF"
    Node overcloud-ceph04
    "5FFEFA5F-69E4-4A88-B9EA-62811C61C8B3"
    Note

    In the example, overcloud-ceph0[1-4] are the Ironic nodes names; they will be deployed as lab-ceph0[1–4] (via HostnameMap.yaml).

  2. Specify the node placement as follows:

    RootRackNode

    standard_root

    rack1_std

    overcloud-ceph01 (lab-ceph01)

    rack2_std

    overcloud-ceph02 (lab-ceph02)

    fast_root

    rack1_fast

    overcloud-ceph03 (lab-ceph03)

    rack2_fast

    overcloud-ceph04 (lab-ceph04)

    Note

    You cannot have two buckets with the same name. Even if lab-ceph01 and lab-ceph03 are in the same physical rack, you cannot have two buckets called rack1. Therefore, we named them rack1_std and rack1_fast.

    Note

    This example demonstrates how to create a specific route called “standard_root” to illustrate multiple custom roots. However, you could have kept the HDDs OSD nodes in the default root.

  3. Use the following NodeDataLookup syntax:

    NodeDataLookup: {"SYSTEM_UUID": {"osd_crush_location": {"root": "$MY_ROOT", "rack": "$MY_RACK", "host": "$OVERCLOUD_NODE_HOSTNAME"}}}
    Note

    You must specify the system UUID and then the CRUSH hierarchy from top to bottom. Also, the host parameter must point to the node’s overcloud host name, not the Bare Metal service (ironic) node name. To match the example configuration, enter the following:

    parameter_defaults:
      NodeDataLookup: {"32C2BC31-F6BB-49AA-971A-377EFDFDB111": {"osd_crush_location": {"root": "standard_root", "rack": "rack1_std", "host": "lab-ceph01"}},
         "76B4C69C-6915-4D30-AFFD-D16DB74F64ED": {"osd_crush_location": {"root": "standard_root", "rack": "rack2_std", "host": "lab-ceph02"}},
         "FECF7B20-5984-469F-872C-732E3FEF99BF": {"osd_crush_location": {"root": "fast_root", "rack": "rack1_fast", "host": "lab-ceph03"}},
         "5FFEFA5F-69E4-4A88-B9EA-62811C61C8B3": {"osd_crush_location": {"root": "fast_root", "rack": "rack2_fast", "host": "lab-ceph04"}}}
  4. Enable CRUSH map management at the ceph-ansible level:

    parameter_defaults:
      CephAnsibleExtraConfig:
        create_crush_tree: true
  5. Use scheduler hints to ensure the Bare Metal service node UUIDs correctly map to the hostnames:

    parameter_defaults:
      CephStorageCount: 4
      OvercloudCephStorageFlavor: ceph-storage
      CephStorageSchedulerHints:
        'capabilities:node': 'ceph-%index%'
  6. Tag the Bare Metal service nodes with the corresponding hint:

    openstack baremetal node set --property capabilities='profile:ceph-storage,node:ceph-0,boot_option:local' overcloud-ceph01
    
    openstack baremetal node set --property capabilities=profile:ceph-storage,'node:ceph-1,boot_option:local' overcloud-ceph02
    
    openstack baremetal node set --property capabilities='profile:ceph-storage,node:ceph-2,boot_option:local' overcloud-ceph03
    
    openstack baremetal node set --property capabilities='profile:ceph-storage,node:ceph-3,boot_option:local' overcloud-ceph04
    Note

    For more information about predictive placement, see Assigning Specific Node IDs in the Advanced Overcloud Customization guide.

6.5. Defining CRUSH map rules

Rules define how the data is written on a cluster. After the CRUSH map node placement is complete, define the CRUSH rules.

Procedure

  1. Use the following syntax to define the CRUSH rules:

    parameter_defaults:
      CephAnsibleExtraConfig:
        crush_rules:
          - name: $RULE_NAME
            root: $ROOT_NAME
            type: $REPLICAT_DOMAIN
            default: true/false
    Note

    Setting the default parameter to true means that this rule will be used when you create a new pool without specifying any rule. There may only be one default rule.

    In the following example, rule standard points to the OSD nodes hosted on the standard_root with one replicate per rack. Rule fast points to the OSD nodes hosted on the standard_root with one replicate per rack:

    parameter_defaults:
      CephAnsibleExtraConfig:
        crush_rule_config: true
        crush_rules:
          - name: standard
            root: standard_root
            type: rack
            default: true
          - name: fast
            root: fast_root
            type: rack
            default: false
    Note

    You must set crush_rule_config to true.

6.6. Configuring OSP pools

Ceph pools are configured with a CRUSH rules that define how to store data. This example features all built-in OSP pools using the standard_root (the standard rule) and a new pool using fast_root (the fast rule).

Procedure

  1. Use the following syntax to define or change a pool property:

    - name: $POOL_NAME
         pg_num: $PG_COUNT
         rule_name: $RULE_NAME
         application: rbd
  2. List all OSP pools and set the appropriate rule (standard, in this case), and create a new pool called tier2 that uses the fast rule. This pool will be used by Block Storage (cinder).

    parameter_defaults:
      CephPools:
        - name: tier2
          pg_num: 64
          rule_name: fast
          application: rbd
    
        - name: volumes
          pg_num: 64
          rule_name: standard
          application: rbd
    
        - name: vms
          pg_num: 64
          rule_name: standard
          application: rbd
    
        - name: backups
          pg_num: 64
          rule_name: standard
          application: rbd
    
        - name: images
          pg_num: 64
          rule_name: standard
          application: rbd
    
        - name: metrics
          pg_num: 64
          rule_name: standard
          application: openstack_gnocchi

6.7. Configuring Block Storage to use the new pool

Add the Ceph pool to the cinder.conf file to enable Block Storage (cinder) to consume it:

Procedure

  1. Update cinder.conf as follows:

    parameter_defaults:
      CinderRbdExtraPools:
        - tier2

6.8. Verifying customized CRUSH map

After the openstack overcloud deploy command creates or updates the overcloud, complete the following step to verify that the customized CRUSH map was correctly applied.

Note

Be careful if you move a host from one route to another.

Procedure

  1. Connect to a Ceph monitor node and run the following command:

    # ceph osd tree
    ID WEIGHT  TYPE NAME               UP/DOWN REWEIGHT PRIMARY-AFFINITY
    -7 0.39996 root standard_root
    -6 0.19998     rack rack1_std
    -5 0.19998         host lab-ceph02
     1 0.09999             osd.1            up  1.00000          1.00000
     4 0.09999             osd.4            up  1.00000          1.00000
    -9 0.19998     rack rack2_std
    -8 0.19998         host lab-ceph03
     0 0.09999             osd.0            up  1.00000          1.00000
     3 0.09999             osd.3            up  1.00000          1.00000
    -4 0.19998 root fast_root
    -3 0.19998     rack rack1_fast
    -2 0.19998         host lab-ceph01
     2 0.09999             osd.2            up  1.00000          1.00000
     5 0.09999             osd.5            up  1.00000          1.00000

6.9. Assigning custom attributes to different Ceph pools

By default, Ceph pools created through the director have the same placement group (pg_num and pgp_num) and sizes. You can use either method in Chapter 5, Customizing the Ceph Storage cluster to override these settings globally; that is, doing so will apply the same values for all pools.

You can also apply different attributes to each Ceph pool. To do so, use the CephPools parameter, as in:

parameter_defaults:
  CephPools:
    - name: POOL
      pg_num: 128
      application: rbd

Replace POOL with the name of the pool you want to configure along with the pg_num setting to indicate number of placement groups. This overrides the default pg_num for the specified pool.

If you use the CephPools parameter, you must also specify the application type. The application type for Compute, Block Storage, and Image Storage should be rbd, as shown in the examples, but depending on what the pool will be used for, you may need to specify a different application type. For example, the application type for the gnocchi metrics pool is openstack_gnocchi. See Enable Application in the Storage Strategies Guide for more information.

If you do not use the CephPools parameter, director sets the appropriate application type automatically, but only for the default pool list.

You can also create new custom pools through the CephPools parameter. For example, to add a pool called custompool:

parameter_defaults:
  CephPools:
    - name: custompool
      pg_num: 128
      application: rbd

This creates a new custom pool in addition to the default pools.

Tip

For typical pool configurations of common Ceph use cases, see the Ceph Placement Groups (PGs) per Pool Calculator. This calculator is normally used to generate the commands for manually configuring your Ceph pools. In this deployment, the director will configure the pools based on your specifications.

Warning

Red Hat Ceph Storage 3 (Luminous) introduces a hard limit on the maximum number of PGs an OSD can have, which is 200 by default. Do not override this parameter beyond 200. If there is a problem because the Ceph PG number exceeds the maximum, adjust the pg_num per pool to address the problem, not the mon_max_pg_per_osd.

Chapter 7. Creating the overcloud

When your custom environment files are ready, you can specify which flavors and nodes each role uses and then execute the deployment.

7.1. Assigning nodes and flavors to roles

Planning an overcloud deployment involves specifying how many nodes and which flavors to assign to each role. Like all Heat template parameters, these role specifications are declared in the parameter_defaults section of your environment file (in this case, ~/templates/storage-config.yaml).

For this purpose, use the following parameters:

Table 7.1. Roles and Flavors for Overcloud Nodes
Heat Template ParameterDescription

ControllerCount

The number of Controller nodes to scale out

OvercloudControlFlavor

The flavor to use for Controller nodes (control)

ComputeCount

The number of Compute nodes to scale out

OvercloudComputeFlavor

The flavor to use for Compute nodes (compute)

CephStorageCount

The number of Ceph storage (OSD) nodes to scale out

OvercloudCephStorageFlavor

The flavor to use for Ceph Storage (OSD) nodes (ceph-storage)

CephMonCount

The number of dedicated Ceph MON nodes to scale out

OvercloudCephMonFlavor

The flavor to use for dedicated Ceph MON nodes (ceph-mon)

CephMdsCount

The number of dedicated Ceph MDS nodes to scale out

OvercloudCephMdsFlavor

The flavor to use for dedicated Ceph MDS nodes (ceph-mds)

Important

The CephMonCount, CephMdsCount, OvercloudCephMonFlavor, and OvercloudCephMdsFlavor parameters (along with the ceph-mon and ceph-mds flavors) will only be valid if you created a custom CephMON and CephMds role, as described in Chapter 3, Deploying Other Ceph Services on dedicated nodes.

For example, to configure the overcloud to deploy three nodes for each role (Controller, Compute, Ceph-Storage, and CephMon), add the following to your parameter_defaults:

parameter_defaults:
  ControllerCount: 3
  OvercloudControlFlavor: control
  ComputeCount: 3
  OvercloudComputeFlavor: compute
  CephStorageCount: 3
  OvercloudCephStorageFlavor: ceph-storage
  CephMonCount: 3
  OvercloudCephMonFlavor: ceph-mon
  CephMdsCount: 3
  OvercloudCephMdsFlavor: ceph-mds
Note

See Creating the Overcloud with the CLI Tools from the Director Installation and Usage guide for a more complete list of Heat template parameters.

7.2. Initiating overcloud deployment

Note

During undercloud installation, set generate_service_certificate=false in the undercloud.conf file. Otherwise, you must inject a trust anchor when you deploy the overcloud. For more information about how to inject a trust anchor, see Enabling SSL/TLS on Overcloud Public Endpoints in the Advanced Overcloud Customization guide.

The creation of the overcloud requires additional arguments for the openstack overcloud deploy command. For example:

$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates -r /home/stack/templates/roles_data_custom.yaml \
  -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/ceph-ansible/ceph-ansible.yaml \
  -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/ceph-ansible/ceph-rgw.yaml \
  -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/ceph-ansible/ceph-mds.yaml \
  -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/cinder-backup.yaml \
  -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/docker.yaml \
  -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/docker-ha.yaml \
  -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/docker-network.yaml \
  -e /home/stack/templates/storage-config.yaml \
  -e /home/stack/templates/ceph-config.yaml \
  --ntp-server pool.ntp.org

The above command uses the following options:

  • --templates - Creates the Overcloud from the default Heat template collection (namely, /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/).
  • -r /home/stack/templates/roles_data_custom.yaml - Specifies the customized roles definition file from Chapter 3, Deploying Other Ceph Services on dedicated nodes, which adds custom roles for either Ceph MON or Ceph MDS services. These roles allow either service to be installed on dedicated nodes.
  • -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/ceph-ansible/ceph-ansible.yaml - Sets the director to create a Ceph cluster. In particular, this environment file will deploy a Ceph cluster with containerized Ceph Storage nodes.
  • -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/ceph-ansible/ceph-rgw.yaml - Enables the Ceph Object Gateway, as described in Section 4.2, “Enabling the Ceph Object Gateway”.
  • -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/ceph-ansible/ceph-mds.yaml - Enables the Ceph Metadata Server, as described in Section 4.1, “Enabling the Ceph Metadata server”.
  • -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/cinder-backup.yaml - Enables the Block Storage Backup service (cinder-backup), as described in Section 4.4, “Configuring the Backup Service to use Ceph”.
  • -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/docker.yaml - Configures Docker for the Red Hat OpenStack Platform.
  • -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/docker-ha.yaml - Enables high availability deployment of Controller nodes.
  • -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/docker-network.yaml - Configures network settings.
  • -e /home/stack/templates/storage-config.yaml - Adds the environment file containing your custom Ceph Storage configuration.
  • -e /home/stack/templates/ceph-config.yaml - Adds the environment file containing your custom Ceph cluster settings, as described in Chapter 5, Customizing the Ceph Storage cluster.
  • --ntp-server pool.ntp.org - Sets our NTP server.
Tip

You can also use an answers file to invoke all your templates and environment files. For example, you can use the following command to deploy an identical overcloud:

$ openstack overcloud deploy -r /home/stack/templates/roles_data_custom.yaml \
  --answers-file /home/stack/templates/answers.yaml --ntp-server pool.ntp.org

In this case, the answers file /home/stack/templates/answers.yaml contains:

templates: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/
environments:
  - /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/ceph-ansible/ceph-ansible.yaml
  - /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/ceph-rgw.yaml
  - /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/ceph-mds.yaml
  - /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/cinder-backup.yaml
  - /home/stack/templates/storage-config.yaml
  - /home/stack/templates/ceph-config.yaml

For more information, see Including Environment Files in Overcloud Creation.

For a full list of options, run:

$ openstack help overcloud deploy

For more information, see Creating the Overcloud with the CLI Tools in the Director Installation and Usage guide.

The overcloud creation process begins and the director provisions your nodes. This process takes some time to complete. To view the status of the overcloud creation, open a separate terminal as the stack user and run:

$ source ~/stackrc
$ openstack stack list --nested

Chapter 8. Post-deployment

The following subsections describe several post-deployment operations for managing the Ceph cluster.

8.1. Accessing the overcloud

The director generates a script to configure and help authenticate interactions with your overcloud from the director host. The director saves this file (overcloudrc) in your stack user’s home directory. Run the following command to use this file:

$ source ~/overcloudrc

This loads the necessary environment variables to interact with your overcloud from the director host’s CLI. To return to interacting with the director’s host, run the following command:

$ source ~/stackrc

8.2. Monitoring Ceph Storage nodes

After you create the overcloud, check the status of the Ceph Storage cluster to ensure that it works correctly.

Procedure

  1. Log in to a Controller node as the heat-admin user:

    $ nova list
    $ ssh heat-admin@192.168.0.25
  2. Check the health of the cluster:

    $ sudo docker exec ceph-mon-$HOSTNAME ceph health

    If the cluster has no issues, the command reports back HEALTH_OK. This means the cluster is safe to use.

  3. Log in to an overcloud node that runs the Ceph monitor service and check the status of all OSDs in the cluster:

    sudo docker exec ceph-mon-$HOSTNAME ceph osd tree
  4. Check the status of the Ceph Monitor quorum:

    $ sudo ceph quorum_status

    This shows the monitors participating in the quorum and which one is the leader.

  5. Verify that all Ceph OSDs are running:

    $ ceph osd stat

For more information on monitoring Ceph Storage clusters, see Monitoring in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Administration Guide.

Chapter 9. Rebooting the environment

A situation might occur where you need to reboot the environment. For example, when you might need to modify the physical servers, or you might need to recover from a power outage. In this situation, it is important to ensure that your Ceph Storage nodes boot correctly.

Boot the nodes in the following order:

  • Boot all Ceph Monitor nodes first - This ensures the Ceph Monitor service is active in your high availability cluster. By default, the Ceph Monitor service is installed on the Controller node. If the Ceph Monitor is separate from the Controller in a custom role, make sure this custom Ceph Monitor role is active.
  • Boot all Ceph Storage nodes - This ensures the Ceph OSD cluster can connect to the active Ceph Monitor cluster on the Controller nodes.

9.1. Rebooting a Ceph Storage (OSD) cluster

The following procedure reboots a cluster of Ceph Storage (OSD) nodes.

Procedure

  1. Log in to a Ceph MON or Controller node and disable Ceph Storage cluster rebalancing temporarily:

    $ sudo ceph osd set noout
    $ sudo ceph osd set norebalance
  2. Select the first Ceph Storage node to reboot and log into it.
  3. Reboot the node:

    $ sudo reboot
  4. Wait until the node boots.
  5. Log in to a Ceph MON or Controller node and check the cluster status:

    $ sudo ceph -s

    Check that the pgmap reports all pgs as normal (active+clean).

  6. Log out of the Ceph MON or Controller node, reboot the next Ceph Storage node, and check its status. Repeat this process until you have rebooted all Ceph storage nodes.
  7. When complete, log into a Ceph MON or Controller node and enable cluster rebalancing again:

    $ sudo ceph osd unset noout
    $ sudo ceph osd unset norebalance
  8. Perform a final status check to verify the cluster reports HEALTH_OK:

    $ sudo ceph status

If a situation occurs where all overcloud nodes boot at the same time, the Ceph OSD services might not start correctly on the Ceph Storage nodes. In this situation, reboot the Ceph Storage OSDs so they can connect to the Ceph Monitor service.

Verify a HEALTH_OK status of the Ceph Storage node cluster with the following command:

$ sudo ceph status

Chapter 10. Scaling the Ceph Cluster

10.1. Scaling Up the Ceph Cluster

You can scale up the number of Ceph Storage nodes in your overcloud by re-running the deployment with the number of Ceph Storage nodes you need.

Before doing so, ensure that you have enough nodes for the updated deployment. These nodes must be registered with the director and tagged accordingly.

Registering New Ceph Storage Nodes

To register new Ceph storage nodes with the director, follow these steps:

  1. Log into the director host as the stack user and initialize your director configuration:

    $ source ~/stackrc
  2. Define the hardware and power management details for the new nodes in a new node definition template; for example, instackenv-scale.json.
  3. Import this file to the OpenStack director:

    $ openstack overcloud node import ~/instackenv-scale.json

    Importing the node definition template registers each node defined there to the director.

  4. Assign the kernel and ramdisk images to all nodes:

    $ openstack overcloud node configure
Note

For more information about registering new nodes, see Section 2.2, “Registering nodes”.

Manually Tagging New Nodes

After registering each node, you will need to inspect the hardware and tag the node into a specific profile. Profile tags match your nodes to flavors, and in turn the flavors are assigned to a deployment role.

To inspect and tag new nodes, follow these steps:

  1. Trigger hardware introspection to retrieve the hardware attributes of each node:

    $ openstack overcloud node introspect --all-manageable --provide
    • The --all-manageable option introspects only nodes in a managed state. In this example, it is all of them.
    • The --provide option resets all nodes to an active state after introspection.

      Important

      Make sure this process runs to completion. This process usually takes 15 minutes for bare metal nodes.

  2. Retrieve a list of your nodes to identify their UUIDs:

    $ openstack baremetal node list
  3. Add a profile option to the properties/capabilities parameter for each node to manually tag a node to a specific profile.

    For example, the following commands tag three additional nodes with the ceph-storage profile:

    $ ironic node-update 551d81f5-4df2-4e0f-93da-6c5de0b868f7 add properties/capabilities='profile:ceph-storage,boot_option:local'
    $ ironic node-update 5e735154-bd6b-42dd-9cc2-b6195c4196d7 add properties/capabilities='profile:ceph-storage,boot_option:local'
    $ ironic node-update 1a2b090c-299d-4c20-a25d-57dd21a7085b add properties/capabilities='profile:ceph-storage,boot_option:local'
Tip

If the nodes you just tagged and registered use multiple disks, you can set the director to use a specific root disk on each node. See Section 2.5, “Defining the root disk” for instructions on how to do so.

Re-deploying the Overcloud with Additional Ceph Storage Nodes

After registering and tagging the new nodes, you can now scale up the number of Ceph Storage nodes by re-deploying the overcloud. When you do, set the CephStorageCount parameter in the parameter_defaults of your environment file (in this case, ~/templates/storage-config.yaml). In Section 7.1, “Assigning nodes and flavors to roles”, the overcloud is configured to deploy with 3 Ceph Storage nodes. To scale it up to 6 nodes instead, use:

parameter_defaults:
  ControllerCount: 3
  OvercloudControlFlavor: control
  ComputeCount: 3
  OvercloudComputeFlavor: compute
  CephStorageCount: 6
  OvercloudCephStorageFlavor: ceph-storage
  CephMonCount: 3
  OvercloudCephMonFlavor: ceph-mon

Upon re-deployment with this setting, the overcloud should now have 6 Ceph Storage nodes instead of 3.

10.2. Scaling down and replacing Ceph Storage nodes

In some cases, you might need to scale down your Ceph cluster, or even replace a Ceph Storage node, for example, if a Ceph Storage node is faulty. In either situation, you must disable and rebalance any Ceph Storage node that you want to remove from the overcloud to avoid data loss.

Note

This procedure uses steps from the Red Hat Ceph Storage Administration Guide to manually remove Ceph Storage nodes. For more in-depth information about manual removal of Ceph Storage nodes, see Administering Ceph clusters that run in Containers and Removing a Ceph OSD using the command-line interface.

Procedure

  1. Log in to a Controller node as the heat-admin user. The director stack user has an SSH key to access the heat-admin user.
  2. List the OSD tree and find the OSDs for your node. For example, the node you want to remove might contain the following OSDs:

    -2 0.09998     host overcloud-cephstorage-0
    0 0.04999         osd.0                         up  1.00000          1.00000
    1 0.04999         osd.1                         up  1.00000          1.00000
  3. Disable the OSDs on the Ceph Storage node. In this case, the OSD IDs are 0 and 1.

    [heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo docker exec ceph-mon-<HOSTNAME> ceph osd out 0
    [heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo docker exec ceph-mon-<HOSTNAME> ceph osd out 1
  4. The Ceph Storage cluster begins rebalancing. Wait for this process to complete. Follow the status by using the following command:

    [heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo docker exec ceph-mon-<HOSTNAME> ceph -w
  5. After the Ceph cluster completes rebalancing, log in to the Ceph Storage node you are removing, in this case, overcloud-cephstorage-0, as the heat-admin user, and stop and disable the node.

    [heat-admin@overcloud-cephstorage-0 ~]$ sudo systemctl stop ceph-osd@0
    [heat-admin@overcloud-cephstorage-0 ~]$ sudo systemctl stop ceph-osd@1
    [heat-admin@overcloud-cephstorage-0 ~]$ sudo systemctl disable ceph-osd@0
    [heat-admin@overcloud-cephstorage-0 ~]$ sudo systemctl disable ceph-osd@1
  6. Stop the OSDs.

    [heat-admin@overcloud-cephstorage-0 ~]$ sudo systemctl stop ceph-osd@0
    [heat-admin@overcloud-cephstorage-0 ~]$ sudo systemctl stop ceph-osd@1
  7. While logged in to the Controller node, remove the OSDs from the CRUSH map so that they no longer receive data.

    [heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo docker exec ceph-mon-<HOSTNAME> ceph osd crush remove osd.0
    [heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo docker exec ceph-mon-<HOSTNAME> ceph osd crush remove osd.1
  8. Remove the OSD authentication key.

    [heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo docker exec ceph-mon-<HOSTNAME> ceph auth del osd.0
    [heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo docker exec ceph-mon-<HOSTNAME> ceph auth del osd.1
  9. Remove the OSD from the cluster.

    [heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo docker exec ceph-mon-<HOSTNAME> ceph osd rm 0
    [heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo docker exec ceph-mon-<HOSTNAME> ceph osd rm 1
  10. Remove the Storage node from the CRUSH map:

    [heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo docker exec ceph-mon-<HOSTNAME> ceph osd crush rm <NODE>
    [heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo ceph osd crush remove <NODE>

    You can confirm the <NODE> name as defined in the CRUSH map by searching the CRUSH tree:

    [heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo docker exec ceph-mon-<HOSTNAME> ceph osd crush tree | grep overcloud-osd-compute-3 -A 4
                    "name": "overcloud-osd-compute-3",
                    "type": "host",
                    "type_id": 1,
                    "items": []
                },
    [heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$

    In the CRUSH tree, ensure that the items list is empty. If the list is not empty, revisit step 7.

  11. Leave the node and return to the undercloud as the stack user.

    [heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ exit
    [stack@director ~]$
  12. Disable the Ceph Storage node so the director does not reprovision it.

    [stack@director ~]$ openstack baremetal node list
    [stack@director ~]$ openstack baremetal node maintenance set UUID
  13. Removing a Ceph Storage node requires an update to the overcloud stack in director with the local template files. First identify the UUID of the overcloud stack:

    $ openstack stack list
  14. Identify the UUIDs of the Ceph Storage node you want to delete:

    $ openstack server list
  15. Delete the node from the stack and update the plan accordingly:

    Important

    If you passed any extra environment files when you created the overcloud, pass them again here by using the -e option to avoid making undesired changes to the overcloud. For more information, see Modifying the Overcloud Environment in the Director Installation and Usage guide.

    $ openstack overcloud node delete /
    --stack <stack-name> /
    --templates /
    -e <other-environment-files> /
    <node_UUID>
  16. Wait until the stack completes its update. Use the heat stack-list --show-nested command to monitor the stack update.
  17. Add new nodes to the director node pool and deploy them as Ceph Storage nodes. Use the CephStorageCount parameter in parameter_defaults of your environment file, in this case, ~/templates/storage-config.yaml, to define the total number of Ceph Storage nodes in the overcloud.

    parameter_defaults:
      ControllerCount: 3
      OvercloudControlFlavor: control
      ComputeCount: 3
      OvercloudComputeFlavor: compute
      CephStorageCount: 3
      OvercloudCephStorageFlavor: ceph-storage
      CephMonCount: 3
      OvercloudCephMonFlavor: ceph-mon
    Note

    For more information about how to define the number of nodes per role, see Section 7.1, “Assigning nodes and flavors to roles”.

  18. After you update your environment file, re-deploy the overcloud:

    $ openstack overcloud deploy --templates -e <ENVIRONMENT_FILES>

    Director provisions the new node and updates the entire stack with the details of the new node.

  19. Log in to a Controller node as the heat-admin user and check the status of the Ceph Storage node:

    [heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo ceph status
  20. Confirm that the value in the osdmap section matches the number of nodes in your cluster that you want. The Ceph Storage node that you removed is replaced with a new node.

10.3. Adding an OSD to a Ceph Storage node

This procedure demonstrates how to add an OSD to a node. For more information about Ceph OSDs, see Ceph OSDs in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Operations Guide.

Procedure

  1. Notice the following heat template deploys Ceph Storage with three OSD devices:

    parameter_defaults:
      CephAnsibleDisksConfig:
        devices:
          - /dev/sdb
          - /dev/sdc
          - /dev/sdd
        osd_scenario: lvm
        osd_objectstore: bluestore
  2. To add an OSD, update the node disk layout as described in Section 5.2, “Mapping the Ceph Storage node disk layout”. In this example, add /dev/sde to the template:

    parameter_defaults:
      CephAnsibleDisksConfig:
        devices:
          - /dev/sdb
          - /dev/sdc
          - /dev/sdd
          - /dev/sde
        osd_scenario: lvm
        osd_objectstore: bluestore
  3. Run openstack overcloud deploy to update the overcloud.
Note

This example assumes that all hosts with OSDs have a new device called /dev/sde. If you do not want all nodes to have the new device, update the heat template as shown and see Section 5.2.5, “Mapping the Disk Layout to Non-Homogeneous Ceph Storage Nodes” for information about how to define hosts with a differing devices list.

10.4. Removing an OSD from a Ceph Storage node

This procedure demonstrates how to remove an OSD from a node. It assumes the following about the environment:

  • A server (ceph-storage0) has an OSD (ceph-osd@4) running on /dev/sde.
  • The Ceph monitor service (ceph-mon) is running on controller0.
  • There are enough available OSDs to ensure the storage cluster is not at its near-full ratio.

For more information about Ceph OSDs, see Ceph OSDs in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Operations Guide.

Procedure

  1. SSH into ceph-storage0 and log in as root.
  2. Disable and stop the OSD service:

    [root@ceph-storage0 ~]# systemctl disable ceph-osd@4
    [root@ceph-stoarge0 ~]# systemctl stop ceph-osd@4
  3. Disconnect from ceph-storage0.
  4. SSH into controller0 and log in as root.
  5. Identify the name of the Ceph monitor container:

    [root@controller0 ~]# docker ps | grep ceph-mon
    ceph-mon-controller0
    [root@controller0 ~]#
  6. Enable the Ceph monitor container to mark the undesired OSD as out:

    [root@controller0 ~]# docker exec ceph-mon-controller0 ceph osd out 4
    Note

    This command causes Ceph to rebalance the storage cluster and copy data to other OSDs in the cluster. The cluster temporarily leaves the active+clean state until rebalancing is complete.

  7. Run the following command and wait for the storage cluster state to become active+clean:

    [root@controller0 ~]# docker exec ceph-mon-controller0 ceph -w
  8. Remove the OSD from the CRUSH map so that it no longer receives data:

    [root@controller0 ~]# docker exec ceph-mon-controller0 ceph osd crush remove osd.4
  9. Remove the OSD authentication key:

    [root@controller0 ~]# docker exec ceph-mon-controller0 ceph auth del osd.4
  10. Remove the OSD:

    [root@controller0 ~]# docker exec ceph-mon-controller0 ceph osd rm 4
  11. Disconnect from controller0.
  12. SSH into the undercloud as the stack user and locate the heat environment file in which you defined the CephAnsibleDisksConfig parameter.
  13. Notice the heat template contains four OSDs:

    parameter_defaults:
      CephAnsibleDisksConfig:
        devices:
          - /dev/sdb
          - /dev/sdc
          - /dev/sdd
          - /dev/sde
        osd_scenario: lvm
        osd_objectstore: bluestore
  14. Modify the template to remove /dev/sde.

    parameter_defaults:
      CephAnsibleDisksConfig:
        devices:
          - /dev/sdb
          - /dev/sdc
          - /dev/sdd
        osd_scenario: lvm
        osd_objectstore: bluestore
  15. Run openstack overcloud deploy to update the overcloud.

    Note

    This example assumes that you removed the /dev/sde device from all hosts with OSDs. If you do not remove the same device from all nodes, update the heat template as shown and see Section 5.2.5, “Mapping the Disk Layout to Non-Homogeneous Ceph Storage Nodes” for information about how to define hosts with a differing devices list.

Chapter 11. Replacing a failed disk

If one of the disks fails in your Ceph cluster, complete the following procedures to replace it:

  1. Determining if there is a device name change, see Section 11.1, “Determining if there is a device name change”.
  2. Ensuring that the OSD is down and destroyed, see Section 11.2, “Ensuring that the OSD is down and destroyed”.
  3. Removing the old disk from the system and installing the replacement disk, see Section 11.3, “Removing the old disk from the system and installing the replacement disk”.
  4. Verifying that the disk replacement is successful, see Section 11.4, “Verifying that the disk replacement is successful”.

11.1. Determining if there is a device name change

Before you replace the disk, determine if the replacement disk for the replacement OSD has a different name in the operating system than the device that you want to replace. If the replacement disk has a different name, you must update Ansible parameters for the devices list so that subsequent runs of ceph-ansible, including when director runs ceph-ansible, do not fail as a result of the change. For an example of the devices list that you must change when you use director, see Section 5.2, “Mapping the Ceph Storage node disk layout”.

Warning

If the device name changes and you use the following procedures to update your system outside of ceph-ansible or director, there is a risk that the configuration management tools are out of sync with the system that they manage until you update the system definition files and the configuration is reasserted without error.

Persistent naming of storage devices

Storage devices that the sd driver manages might not always have the same name across reboots. For example, a disk that is normally identified by /dev/sdc might be named /dev/sdb. It is also possible for the replacement disk, /dev/sdc, to appear in the operating system as /dev/sdd even if you want to use it as a replacement for /dev/sdc. To address this issue, use names that are persistent and match the following pattern: /dev/disk/by-*. For more information, see Persistent Naming in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 7 Storage Administration Guide.

Depending on the naming method that you use to deploy Ceph, you might need to update the devices list after you replace the OSD. Use the following list of naming methods to determine if you must change the devices list:

The major and minor number range method

If you used sd and want to continue to use it, after you install the new disk, check if the name has changed. If the name did not change, for example, if the same name appears correctly as /dev/sdd, it is not necessary to change the name after you complete the disk replacement procedures.

Important

This naming method is not recommended because there is still a risk that the name becomes inconsistent over time. For more information, see Persistent Naming in the RHEL 7 Storage Administration Guide.

The by-path method

If you use this method, and you add a replacement disk in the same slot, then the path is consistent and no change is necessary.

Important

Although this naming method is preferable to the major and minor number range method, use caution to ensure that the target numbers do not change. For example, use persistent binding and update the names if a host adapter is moved to a different PCI slot. In addition, there is the possibility that the SCSI host numbers can change if a HBA fails to probe, if drivers are loaded in a different order, or if a new HBA is installed on the system. The by-path naming method also differs between RHEL7 and RHEL8. For more information, see:

The by-uuid method
If you use this method, you can use the blkid utility to set the new disk to have the same UUID as the old disk. For more information, see Persistent Naming in the RHEL 7 Storage Administration Guide.
The by-id method
If you use this method, you must change the devices list because this identifier is a property of the device and the device has been replaced.

When you add the new disk to the system, if it is possible to modify the persistent naming attributes according to the RHEL7 Storage Administrator Guide, see Persistent Naming, so that the device name is unchanged, then it is not necessary to update the devices list and re-run ceph-ansible, or trigger director to re-run ceph-ansible and you can proceed with the disk replacement procedures. However, you can re-run ceph-ansible to ensure that the change did not result in any inconsistencies.

11.2. Ensuring that the OSD is down and destroyed

On the server that hosts the Ceph Monitor, use the ceph command in the running monitor container to ensure that the OSD that you want to replace is down, and then destroy it.

Procedure

  1. Identify the name of the running Ceph monitor container and store it in an environment variable called MON:

    MON=$(docker ps | grep ceph-mon | awk {'print $1'})
  2. Alias the ceph command so that it executes within the running Ceph monitor container:

    alias ceph="docker exec $MON ceph"
  3. Use the new alias to verify that the OSD that you want to replace is down:

    [root@overcloud-controller-0 ~]# ceph osd tree | grep 27
    27   hdd 0.04790         osd.27                    down  1.00000 1.00000
  4. Destroy the OSD. The following example command destroys OSD 27:

    [root@overcloud-controller-0 ~]# ceph osd destroy 27 --yes-i-really-mean-it
    destroyed osd.27

11.3. Removing the old disk from the system and installing the replacement disk

On the container host with the OSD that you want to replace, remove the old disk from the system and install the replacement disk.

Prerequisites:

The ceph-volume command is present in the Ceph container but is not installed on the overcloud node. Create an alias so that the ceph-volume command runs the ceph-volume binary inside the Ceph container. Then use the ceph-volume command to clean the new disk and add it as an OSD.

Procedure

  1. Ensure that the failed OSD is not running:

    systemctl stop ceph-osd@27
  2. Identify the image ID of the ceph container image and store it in an environment variable called IMG:

    IMG=$(docker images | grep ceph | awk {'print $3'})
  3. Alias the ceph-volume command so that it runs inside the $IMG Ceph container, with the ceph-volume entry point and relevant directories:

    alias ceph-volume="docker run --rm --privileged --net=host --ipc=host -v /run/lock/lvm:/run/lock/lvm:z -v /var/run/udev/:/var/run/udev/:z -v /dev:/dev -v /etc/ceph:/etc/ceph:z -v /var/lib/ceph/:/var/lib/ceph/:z -v /var/log/ceph/:/var/log/ceph/:z --entrypoint=ceph-volume $IMG --cluster ceph"
  4. Verify that the aliased command runs successfully:

    ceph-volume lvm list
  5. Check that your new OSD device is not already part of LVM. Use the pvdisplay command to inspect the device, and ensure that the VG Name field is empty. Replace <NEW_DEVICE> with the /dev/* path of your new OSD device:

    [root@overcloud-computehci-2 ~]# pvdisplay <NEW_DEVICE>
      --- Physical volume ---
      PV Name               /dev/sdj
      VG Name               ceph-0fb0de13-fc8e-44c8-99ea-911e343191d2
      PV Size               50.00 GiB / not usable 1.00 GiB
      Allocatable           yes (but full)
      PE Size               1.00 GiB
      Total PE              49
      Free PE               0
      Allocated PE          49
      PV UUID               kOO0If-ge2F-UH44-6S1z-9tAv-7ypT-7by4cp
    [root@overcloud-computehci-2 ~]#

    If the VG Name field is not empty, then the device belongs to a volume group that you must remove.

  6. If the device belongs to a volume group, use the lvdisplay command to check if there is a logical volume in the volume group. Replace <VOLUME_GROUP> with the value of the VG Name field that you retrieved from the pvdisplay command:

    [root@overcloud-computehci-2 ~]# lvdisplay | grep <VOLUME_GROUP>
      LV Path                /dev/ceph-0fb0de13-fc8e-44c8-99ea-911e343191d2/osd-data-a0810722-7673-43c7-8511-2fd9db1dbbc6
      VG Name                ceph-0fb0de13-fc8e-44c8-99ea-911e343191d2
    [root@overcloud-computehci-2 ~]#

    If the LV Path field is not empty, then the device contains a logical volume that you must remove.

  7. If the new device is part of a logical volume or volume group, remove the logical volume, volume group, and the device association as a physical volume within the LVM system.

    • Replace <LV_PATH> with the value of the LV Path field.
    • Replace <VOLUME_GROUP> with the value of the VG Name field.
    • Replace <NEW_DEVICE> with the /dev/* path of your new OSD device.

      [root@overcloud-computehci-2 ~]# lvremove --force <LV_PATH>
        Logical volume "osd-data-a0810722-7673-43c7-8511-2fd9db1dbbc6" successfully removed
      [root@overcloud-computehci-2 ~]# vgremove --force <VOLUME_GROUP>
        Volume group "ceph-0fb0de13-fc8e-44c8-99ea-911e343191d2" successfully removed
      [root@overcloud-computehci-2 ~]# pvremove <NEW_DEVICE>
        Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdj" successfully wiped.
  8. Ensure that the new OSD device is clean. In the following example, the device is /dev/sdj:

    [root@overcloud-computehci-2 ~]# ceph-volume lvm zap /dev/sdj
    --> Zapping: /dev/sdj
    --> --destroy was not specified, but zapping a whole device will remove the partition table
    Running command: /usr/sbin/wipefs --all /dev/sdj
    Running command: /bin/dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdj bs=1M count=10
     stderr: 10+0 records in
    10+0 records out
    10485760 bytes (10 MB, 10 MiB) copied, 0.010618 s, 988 MB/s
    --> Zapping successful for: <Raw Device: /dev/sdj>
    [root@overcloud-computehci-2 ~]#
  9. Create the new OSD with the existing OSD ID by using the new device but pass --no-systemd so that ceph-volume does not attempt to start the OSD. This is not possible from within the container:

    ceph-volume lvm create --osd-id 27 --data /dev/sdj --no-systemd
  10. Start the OSD outside of the container:

    systemctl start ceph-osd@27

11.4. Verifying that the disk replacement is successful

To check that your disk replacement is successful, on the undercloud, complete the following steps.

Procedure

  1. Check if the device name changed, update the devices list according to the naming method you used to deploy Ceph. For more information, see Section 11.1, “Determining if there is a device name change”.
  2. To ensure that the change did not introduce any inconsistencies, re-run the overcloud deploy command to perform a stack update.
  3. In cases where you have hosts that have different device lists, you might have to define an exception. For example, you might use the following example heat environment file to deploy a node with three OSD devices.

    parameter_defaults:
      CephAnsibleDisksConfig:
        devices:
          - /dev/sdb
          - /dev/sdc
          - /dev/sdd
        osd_scenario: lvm
        osd_objectstore: bluestore

    The CephAnsibleDisksConfig parameter applies to all nodes that host OSDs, so you cannot update the devices parameter with the new device list. Instead, you must define an exception for the new host that has a different device list. For more information about defining an exception, see Section 5.2.5, “Mapping the Disk Layout to Non-Homogeneous Ceph Storage Nodes”.

Appendix A. Sample environment file: Creating a Ceph cluster

The following custom environment file uses many of the options described throughout Chapter 2, Preparing overcloud nodes. This sample does not include any commented-out options. For an overview on environment files, see Environment Files (from the Advanced Overcloud Customization guide).

/home/stack/templates/storage-config.yaml

parameter_defaults: 1
  CinderBackupBackend: ceph 2
  CephAnsibleDisksConfig: 3
    osd_scenario: lvm
    osd_objectstore: bluestore
    devices:
      - /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:0:10:0
      - /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:0:11:0
      - /dev/nvme0n1
  ControllerCount: 3 4
  OvercloudControlFlavor: control
  ComputeCount: 3
  OvercloudComputeFlavor: compute
  CephStorageCount: 3
  OvercloudCephStorageFlavor: ceph-storage
  CephMonCount: 3
  OvercloudCephMonFlavor: ceph-mon
  CephMdsCount: 3
  OvercloudCephMdsFlavor: ceph-mds
  NeutronNetworkType: vxlan 5

1
The parameter_defaults section modifies the default values for parameters in all templates. Most of the entries listed here are described in Chapter 4, Customizing the Storage service.
2
If you are deploying the Ceph Object Gateway, you can use Ceph Object Storage (ceph-rgw) as a backup target. To configure this, set CinderBackupBackend to swift. See Section 4.2, “Enabling the Ceph Object Gateway” for details.
3
The CephAnsibleDisksConfig section defines a custom disk layout for deployments using BlueStore and Ceph 3.2 or later. For deployments using FileStore and Ceph 3.1 or earlier, modify CephAnsibleDisksConfig using the examples in described in Section 5.2, “Mapping the Ceph Storage node disk layout”.
Warning

osd_scenario: lvm is used in the example to default new deployments to bluestore as configured by ceph-volume; this is only available with ceph-ansible 3.2 or later and Ceph Luminous or later. The parameters to support filestore with ceph-ansible 3.2 are backwards compatible. Therefore, in existing FileStore deployments, do not simply change the osd_objectstore or osd_scenario parameters.

4
For each role, the *Count parameters assign a number of nodes while the Overcloud*Flavor parameters assign a flavor. For example, ControllerCount: 3 assigns 3 nodes to the Controller role, and OvercloudControlFlavor: control sets each of those roles to use the control flavor. See Section 7.1, “Assigning nodes and flavors to roles” for details.
Note

The CephMonCount, CephMdsCount, OvercloudCephMonFlavor, and OvercloudCephMdsFlavor parameters (along with the ceph-mon and ceph-mds flavors) will only be valid if you created a custom CephMON and CephMds role, as described in Chapter 3, Deploying Other Ceph Services on dedicated nodes.

5
NeutronNetworkType: sets the network type that the neutron service should use (in this case, vxlan).

Appendix B. Sample custom interface template: Multiple bonded interfaces

The following template is a customized version of /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/config/bond-with-vlans/ceph-storage.yaml. It features multiple bonded interfaces to isolate back-end and front-end storage network traffic, along with redundancy for both connections (as described in ]). It also uses custom bonding options (namely, 'mode=4 lacp_rate=1', as described in xref:multibonded-nics-ovs-opts[).

/usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/config/bond-with-vlans/ceph-storage.yaml (custom)

heat_template_version: 2015-04-30

description: >
  Software Config to drive os-net-config with 2 bonded nics on a bridge
  with VLANs attached for the ceph storage role.

parameters:
  ControlPlaneIp:
    default: ''
    description: IP address/subnet on the ctlplane network
    type: string
  ExternalIpSubnet:
    default: ''
    description: IP address/subnet on the external network
    type: string
  InternalApiIpSubnet:
    default: ''
    description: IP address/subnet on the internal API network
    type: string
  StorageIpSubnet:
    default: ''
    description: IP address/subnet on the storage network
    type: string
  StorageMgmtIpSubnet:
    default: ''
    description: IP address/subnet on the storage mgmt network
    type: string
  TenantIpSubnet:
    default: ''
    description: IP address/subnet on the tenant network
    type: string
  ManagementIpSubnet: # Only populated when including environments/network-management.yaml
    default: ''
    description: IP address/subnet on the management network
    type: string
  BondInterfaceOvsOptions:
    default: 'mode=4 lacp_rate=1'
    description: The bonding_options string for the bond interface. Set
                 things like lacp=active and/or bond_mode=balance-slb
                 using this option.
    type: string
    constraints:
      - allowed_pattern: "^((?!balance.tcp).)*$"
        description: |
          The balance-tcp bond mode is known to cause packet loss and
          should not be used in BondInterfaceOvsOptions.
  ExternalNetworkVlanID:
    default: 10
    description: Vlan ID for the external network traffic.
    type: number
  InternalApiNetworkVlanID:
    default: 20
    description: Vlan ID for the internal_api network traffic.
    type: number
  StorageNetworkVlanID:
    default: 30
    description: Vlan ID for the storage network traffic.
    type: number
  StorageMgmtNetworkVlanID:
    default: 40
    description: Vlan ID for the storage mgmt network traffic.
    type: number
  TenantNetworkVlanID:
    default: 50
    description: Vlan ID for the tenant network traffic.
    type: number
  ManagementNetworkVlanID:
    default: 60
    description: Vlan ID for the management network traffic.
    type: number
  ControlPlaneSubnetCidr: # Override this via parameter_defaults
    default: '24'
    description: The subnet CIDR of the control plane network.
    type: string
  ControlPlaneDefaultRoute: # Override this via parameter_defaults
    description: The default route of the control plane network.
    type: string
  ExternalInterfaceDefaultRoute: # Not used by default in this template
    default: '10.0.0.1'
    description: The default route of the external network.
    type: string
  ManagementInterfaceDefaultRoute: # Commented out by default in this template
    default: unset
    description: The default route of the management network.
    type: string
  DnsServers: # Override this via parameter_defaults
    default: []
    description: A list of DNS servers (2 max for some implementations) that will be added to resolv.conf.
    type: comma_delimited_list
  EC2MetadataIp: # Override this via parameter_defaults
    description: The IP address of the EC2 metadata server.
    type: string

resources:
  OsNetConfigImpl:
    type: OS::Heat::StructuredConfig
    properties:
      group: os-apply-config
      config:
        os_net_config:
          network_config:
            -
              type: interface
              name: nic1
              use_dhcp: false
              dns_servers: {get_param: DnsServers}
              addresses:
                -
                  ip_netmask:
                    list_join:
                      - '/'
                      - - {get_param: ControlPlaneIp}
                        - {get_param: ControlPlaneSubnetCidr}
              routes:
                -
                  ip_netmask: 169.254.169.254/32
                  next_hop: {get_param: EC2MetadataIp}
                -
                  default: true
                  next_hop: {get_param: ControlPlaneDefaultRoute}
            -
              type: ovs_bridge
              name: br-bond
              members:
                -
                  type: linux_bond
                  name: bond1
                  bonding_options: {get_param: BondInterfaceOvsOptions}
                  members:
                    -
                      type: interface
                      name: nic2
                      primary: true
                    -
                      type: interface
                      name: nic3
                -
                  type: vlan
                  device: bond1
                  vlan_id: {get_param: StorageNetworkVlanID}
                  addresses:
                    -
                      ip_netmask: {get_param: StorageIpSubnet}
            -
              type: ovs_bridge
              name: br-bond2
              members:
                -
                  type: linux_bond
                  name: bond2
                  bonding_options: {get_param: BondInterfaceOvsOptions}
                  members:
                    -
                      type: interface
                      name: nic4
                      primary: true
                    -
                      type: interface
                      name: nic5
                -
                  type: vlan
                  device: bond1
                  vlan_id: {get_param: StorageMgmtNetworkVlanID}
                  addresses:
                    -
                      ip_netmask: {get_param: StorageMgmtIpSubnet}
outputs:
  OS::stack_id:
    description: The OsNetConfigImpl resource.
    value: {get_resource: OsNetConfigImpl}

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