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Chapter 1. Configure data sources in Red Hat build of Quarkus

Use a unified configuration model to define data sources for Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) and Reactive drivers.

Applications use datasources to access relational databases. Quarkus provides a unified configuration model to define datasources for Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) and Reactive database drivers.

Quarkus uses Agroal and Vert.x to provide high-performance, scalable datasource connection pooling for JDBC and reactive drivers. The quarkus-jdbc-* and quarkus-reactive-*-client extensions provide build time optimizations and integrate configured datasources with Quarkus features like security, health checks, and metrics.

For more information about consuming and using a reactive datasource, see the Quarkus Reactive SQL clients guide.

Additionally, refer to the Quarkus Hibernate ORM guide for information on consuming and using a JDBC datasource.

1.1. Get started with configuring `datasources` in Quarkus

For users familiar with the fundamentals, this section provides an overview and code samples to set up datasources quickly.

For more advanced configuration with examples, see References.

1.1.1. Zero-config setup in development mode

Quarkus simplifies database configuration by offering the Dev Services feature, enabling zero-config database setup for testing or running in development (dev) mode. In dev mode, the suggested approach is to use DevServices and let Quarkus handle the database for you, whereas for production mode, you provide explicit database configuration details pointing to a database managed outside of Quarkus.

To use Dev Services, add the appropriate driver extension, such as jdbc-postgresql, for your desired database type to the pom.xml file. In dev mode, if you do not provide any explicit database connection details, Quarkus automatically handles the database setup and provides the wiring between the application and the database.

If you provide user credentials, the underlying database will be configured to use them. This is useful if you want to connect to the database with an external tool.

To use this feature, ensure a Docker or Podman container runtime is installed, depending on the database type. Certain databases, such as H2, operate in in-memory mode and do not require a container runtime.

Tip

Prefix the actual connection details for prod mode with %prod. to ensure they are not applied in dev mode. For more information, see the Profiles section of the "Configuration reference" guide.

For more information about Dev Services, see Dev Services overview.

For more details and optional configurations, see Dev Services for databases.

1.1.2. Configure a JDBC datasource

Add the correct JDBC extension for the database of your choice.
- quarkus-jdbc-db2
- quarkus-jdbc-derby
  Note
  The Apache Derby database is deprecated in Red Hat build of Quarkus 3.15 and is planned to be removed in a future release. Red Hat will continue to provide development support for Apache Derby during the current release lifecycle.
- quarkus-jdbc-h2
- quarkus-jdbc-mariadb
- quarkus-jdbc-mssql
- quarkus-jdbc-mysql
- quarkus-jdbc-oracle
- quarkus-jdbc-postgresql

Configure your JDBC datasource:

quarkus.datasource.db-kind=postgresql 1
quarkus.datasource.username=<your username>
quarkus.datasource.password=<your password>

quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/hibernate_orm_test
quarkus.datasource.jdbc.max-size=16

1: This configuration value is only required if there is more than one database extension on the classpath.

If only one viable extension is available, Quarkus assumes this is the correct one. When you add a driver to the test scope, Quarkus automatically includes the specified driver in testing.

1.1.2.1. JDBC connection pool size adjustment

To protect your database from overloading during load peaks, size the pool adequately to throttle the database load. The optimal pool size depends on many factors, such as the number of parallel application users or the nature of the workload.

Be aware that setting the pool size too low might cause some requests to time out while waiting for a connection.

For more information about pool size adjustment properties, see the JDBC configuration reference section.

1.1.3. Configure a reactive datasource

Add the correct reactive extension for the database of your choice.
- quarkus-reactive-mssql-client
- quarkus-reactive-mysql-client
- quarkus-reactive-oracle-client
- quarkus-reactive-pg-client

Configure your reactive datasource:

quarkus.datasource.db-kind=postgresql 1
quarkus.datasource.username=<your username>
quarkus.datasource.password=<your password>

quarkus.datasource.reactive.url=postgresql:///your_database
quarkus.datasource.reactive.max-size=20

1: This configuration value is only required if there is more than one Reactive driver extension on the classpath.

1.2. Configure datasources

The following section describes the configuration for single or multiple datasources. For simplicity, we will reference a single datasource as the default (unnamed) datasource.

1.2.1. Configure a single datasource

A datasource can be either a JDBC datasource, reactive, or both. This depends on the configuration and the selection of project extensions.

Define a datasource with the following configuration property, where db-kind defines which database platform to connect to, for example, h2:
```
quarkus.datasource.db-kind=h2
```
Quarkus deduces the JDBC driver class it needs to use from the specified value of the db-kind database platform attribute.
Note
This step is required only if your application depends on multiple database drivers. If the application operates with a single driver, this driver is detected automatically.
Quarkus currently includes the following built-in database kinds:
- DB2: db2
- Derby: derby
  Note
  The Apache Derby database is deprecated in Red Hat build of Quarkus 3.15 and is planned to be removed in a future release. Red Hat will continue to provide development support for Apache Derby during the current release lifecycle.
- H2: h2
- MariaDB: mariadb
- Microsoft SQL Server: mssql
- MySQL: mysql
- Oracle: oracle
- PostgreSQL: postgresql, pgsql or pg
- To use a database kind that is not built-in, use other and define the JDBC driver explicitly
  Note
  You can use any JDBC driver in a Quarkus app in JVM mode as described in Custom databases and drivers. However, using a non-built-in database kind is unlikely to work when compiling your application to a native executable.
  For native executable builds, it is recommended to either use the available JDBC Quarkus extensions or contribute a custom extension for your specific driver.
Configure the following properties to define credentials:
```
quarkus.datasource.username=<your username>
quarkus.datasource.password=<your password>
```
You can also retrieve the password from Vault by using a credential provider for your datasource.

Until now, the configuration has been the same regardless of whether you are using a JDBC or a reactive driver. When you have defined the database kind and the credentials, the rest depends on what type of driver you are using. It is possible to use JDBC and a reactive driver simultaneously.

1.2.1.1. JDBC datasource

JDBC is the most common database connection pattern, typically needed when used in combination with non-reactive Hibernate ORM.

To use a JDBC datasource, start with adding the necessary dependencies:
1. For use with a built-in JDBC driver, choose and add the Quarkus extension for your relational database driver from the list below:
  - Derby - quarkus-jdbc-derby
    Note
    The Apache Derby database is deprecated in Red Hat build of Quarkus 3.15 and is planned to be removed in a future release. Red Hat will continue to provide development support for Apache Derby during the current release lifecycle.
  - H2 - quarkus-jdbc-h2
    Note
    H2 and Derby databases can be configured to run in "embedded mode"; however, the Derby extension does not support compiling the embedded database engine into native executables.
    Read Testing with in-memory databases for suggestions regarding integration testing.
  - DB2 - quarkus-jdbc-db2
  - MariaDB - quarkus-jdbc-mariadb
  - Microsoft SQL Server - quarkus-jdbc-mssql
  - MySQL - quarkus-jdbc-mysql
  - Oracle - quarkus-jdbc-oracle
  - PostgreSQL - quarkus-jdbc-postgresql
    For example, to add the PostgreSQL driver dependency:
    ./mvnw quarkus:add-extension -Dextensions="jdbc-postgresql"
    Note
    Using a built-in JDBC driver extension automatically includes the Agroal extension, which is the JDBC connection pool implementation applicable for custom and built-in JDBC drivers. However, for custom drivers, Agroal needs to be added explicitly.
2. For use with a custom JDBC driver, add the quarkus-agroal dependency to your project alongside the extension for your relational database driver:
```
./mvnw quarkus:add-extension -Dextensions="agroal"
```
  To use a JDBC driver for another database, use a database with no built-in extension or with a different driver.
Configure the JDBC connection by defining the JDBC URL property:
```
quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/hibernate_orm_test
```
Note
Note the jdbc prefix in the property name. All the configuration properties specific to JDBC have the jdbc prefix. For reactive datasources, the prefix is reactive.

For more information about configuring JDBC, see JDBC URL format reference and Quarkus extensions and database drivers reference.

1.2.1.1.1. Custom databases and drivers

If you need to connect to a database for which Quarkus does not provide an extension with the JDBC driver, you can use a custom driver instead. For example, if you are using the OpenTracing JDBC driver in your project.

Without an extension, the driver will work correctly in any Quarkus app running in JVM mode. However, the driver is unlikely to work when compiling your application to a native executable. If you plan to make a native executable, use the existing JDBC Quarkus extensions, or contribute one for your driver.

Warning

OpenTracing has been deprecated in favor of OpenTelemetry. For tracing information, please check the related section about Datasource tracing, bellow.

A custom driver definition example with the legacy OpenTracing driver:

quarkus.datasource.jdbc.driver=io.opentracing.contrib.jdbc.TracingDriver

An example for defining access to a database with no built-in support in JVM mode:

quarkus.datasource.db-kind=other
quarkus.datasource.jdbc.driver=oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.1.12:1521/ORCL_SVC
quarkus.datasource.username=scott
quarkus.datasource.password=tiger

For all the details about the JDBC configuration options and configuring other aspects, such as the connection pool size, refer to the JDBC configuration reference section.

1.2.1.1.2. Consuming the datasource

With Hibernate ORM, the Hibernate layer automatically picks up the datasource and uses it.

For the in-code access to the datasource, obtain it as any other bean as follows:

@Inject
AgroalDataSource defaultDataSource;

In the above example, the type is AgroalDataSource, a javax.sql.DataSource subtype. Because of this, you can also use javax.sql.DataSource as the injected type.

1.2.1.2. Reactive datasource

Quarkus offers several reactive clients for use with a reactive datasource.

Add the corresponding extension to your application:
- MariaDB/MySQL: quarkus-reactive-mysql-client
- Microsoft SQL Server: quarkus-reactive-mssql-client
- Oracle: quarkus-reactive-oracle-client
- PostgreSQL: quarkus-reactive-pg-client
  The installed extension must be consistent with the quarkus.datasource.db-kind you define in your datasource configuration.
After adding the driver, configure the connection URL and define a proper size for your connection pool.
```
quarkus.datasource.reactive.url=postgresql:///your_database
quarkus.datasource.reactive.max-size=20
```

1.2.1.2.1. Reactive connection pool size adjustment

To protect your database from overloading during load peaks, size the pool adequately to throttle the database load. The proper size always depends on many factors, such as the number of parallel application users or the nature of the workload.

Be aware that setting the pool size too low might cause some requests to time out while waiting for a connection.

For more information about pool size adjustment properties, see the Reactive datasource configuration reference section.

1.2.1.3. JDBC and reactive datasources simultaneously

When both a JDBC extension and a reactive datasource extension for the same database kind are included, both JDBC and reactive datasources will be created by default.

To use the JDBC and reactive datasources simultaneously:

%prod.quarkus.datasource.reactive.url=postgresql:///your_database
%prod.quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/hibernate_orm_test

If you do not want to have both a JDBC datasource and a reactive datasource created, use the following configuration.

To disable the JDBC datasource explicitly:
```
quarkus.datasource.jdbc=false
```
To disable the reactive datasource explicitly:
```
quarkus.datasource.reactive=false
```
Tip
In most cases, the configuration above will be optional as either a JDBC driver or a reactive datasource extension will be present, not both.

1.2.2. Configure multiple datasources

Note

The Hibernate ORM extension supports defining persistence units by using configuration properties. For each persistence unit, point to the datasource of your choice.

Defining multiple datasources works like defining a single datasource, with one important change - you have to specify a name (configuration property) for each datasource.

The following example provides three different datasources:

the default one
a datasource named users
a datasource named inventory

Each with its configuration:

quarkus.datasource.db-kind=h2
quarkus.datasource.username=username-default
quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url=jdbc:h2:mem:default
quarkus.datasource.jdbc.max-size=13

quarkus.datasource.users.db-kind=h2
quarkus.datasource.users.username=username1
quarkus.datasource.users.jdbc.url=jdbc:h2:mem:users
quarkus.datasource.users.jdbc.max-size=11

quarkus.datasource.inventory.db-kind=h2
quarkus.datasource.inventory.username=username2
quarkus.datasource.inventory.jdbc.url=jdbc:h2:mem:inventory
quarkus.datasource.inventory.jdbc.max-size=12

Notice there is an extra section in the configuration property. The syntax is as follows: quarkus.datasource.[optional name.][datasource property].

Note

Even when only one database extension is installed, named databases need to specify at least one build-time property so that Quarkus can detect them. Generally, this is the db-kind property, but you can also specify Dev Services properties to create named datasources according to the Dev Services for Databases guide.

1.2.2.1. Named datasource injection

When using multiple datasources, each DataSource also has the io.quarkus.agroal.DataSource qualifier with the name of the datasource as the value.

By using the properties mentioned in the previous section to configure three different datasources, inject each one of them as follows:

@Inject
AgroalDataSource defaultDataSource;

@Inject
@DataSource("users")
AgroalDataSource usersDataSource;

@Inject
@DataSource("inventory")
AgroalDataSource inventoryDataSource;

1.2.3. Activate or deactivate datasources

When a datasource is configured at build time, it is active by default at runtime. This means that Quarkus will start the corresponding JDBC connection pool or reactive client when the application starts.

To deactivate a datasource at runtime, set quarkus.datasource[.optional name].active to false. Quarkus will then skip starting the JDBC connection pool or reactive client during application startup. Any attempt to use the deactivated datasource at runtime results in an exception.

This feature is especially useful when you need the application to select one datasource from a predefined set at runtime.

Warning

If another Quarkus extension relies on an inactive datasource, that extension might fail to start.

In such a case, you will need to deactivate that other extension as well. For an example of this scenario, see the Hibernate ORM section.

For example, with the following configuration:

quarkus.datasource."pg".db-kind=postgres
quarkus.datasource."pg".active=false
quarkus.datasource."pg".jdbc.url=jdbc:postgresql:///your_database

quarkus.datasource."oracle".db-kind=oracle
quarkus.datasource."oracle".active=false
quarkus.datasource."oracle".jdbc.url=jdbc:oracle:///your_database

Setting quarkus.datasource."pg".active=true at runtime will make only the PostgreSQL datasource available, and setting quarkus.datasource."oracle".active=true at runtime will make only the Oracle datasource available.

Tip

Custom configuration profiles can help simplify such a setup. By appending the following profile-specific configuration to the one above, you can select a persistence unit/datasource at runtime simply by setting quarkus.profile: quarkus.profile=prod,pg or quarkus.profile=prod,oracle.

%pg.quarkus.hibernate-orm."pg".active=true
%pg.quarkus.datasource."pg".active=true
# Add any pg-related runtime configuration here, prefixed with "%pg."

%oracle.quarkus.hibernate-orm."oracle".active=true
%oracle.quarkus.datasource."oracle".active=true
# Add any pg-related runtime configuration here, prefixed with "%pg."

Tip

It can also be useful to define a CDI bean producer redirecting to the currently active datasource, like this:

public class MyProducer {
    @Inject
    DataSourceSupport dataSourceSupport;

    @Inject
    @DataSource("pg")
    AgroalDataSource pgDataSourceBean;

    @Inject
    @DataSource("oracle")
    AgroalDataSource oracleDataSourceBean;

    @Produces
    @ApplicationScoped
    public AgroalDataSource dataSource() {
        if (dataSourceSupport.getInactiveNames().contains("pg")) {
            return oracleDataSourceBean;
        } else {
            return pgDataSourceBean;
        }
    }
}

1.2.4. Use multiple datasources in a single transaction

By default, XA support on datasources is disabled. Therefore, a transaction may include no more than one datasource. Attempting to access multiple non-XA datasources in the same transaction results in an exception similar to the following:

...
Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: Exception in association of connection to existing transaction
        at io.agroal.narayana.NarayanaTransactionIntegration.associate(NarayanaTransactionIntegration.java:130)
        ...
Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: Failed to enlist. Check if a connection from another datasource is already enlisted to the same transaction
        at io.agroal.narayana.NarayanaTransactionIntegration.associate(NarayanaTransactionIntegration.java:121)
        ...

To allow using multiple JDBC datasources in the same transaction:

Make sure your JDBC driver supports XA. All supported JDBC drivers do, but other JDBC drivers might not.
Make sure your database server is configured to enable XA.
Enable XA support explicitly for each relevant datasource by setting quarkus.datasource[.optional name].jdbc.transactions to xa.

Using XA, a rollback in one datasource will trigger a rollback in every other datasource enrolled in the transaction.

Note

XA transactions on reactive datasources are not supported at the moment.

Note

If your transaction involves non-datasource resources, be aware that they might not support XA transactions or might require additional configuration.

If XA cannot be enabled for one of your datasources:

Be aware that enabling XA for all datasources except one (and only one) is still supported through Last Resource Commit Optimization (LRCO).
If you do not need a rollback for one datasource to trigger a rollback for other datasources, consider splitting your code into multiple transactions. To do so, use QuarkusTransaction.requiringNew()/@Transactional(REQUIRES_NEW) (preferably) or UserTransaction (for more complex use cases).

Caution

If no other solution works, and to maintain compatibility with Quarkus 3.8 and earlier, set quarkus.transaction-manager.unsafe-multiple-last-resources to allow to enable unsafe transaction handling across multiple non-XA datasources.

With this property set to allow, it might happen that a transaction rollback will only be applied to the last non-XA datasource, while other non-XA datasources have already committed their changes, potentially leaving your overall system in an inconsistent state.

Alternatively, you can allow the same unsafe behavior, but with warnings when it takes effect:

Setting the property to warn-each results in logging a warning on each offending transaction.
Setting the property to warn-first results in logging a warning on the first offending transaction.

We do not recommend using this configuration property, and we plan to remove it in the future, so you should fix your application accordingly. If you think your use case of this feature is valid and this option should be kept around, open an issue in the Quarkus tracker explaining why.

1.3. Datasource integrations

1.3.1. Datasource health check

If you use the quarkus-smallrye-health extension, the quarkus-agroal and reactive client extensions automatically add a readiness health check to validate the datasource.

When you access your application’s health readiness endpoint, /q/health/ready by default, you receive information about the datasource validation status. If you have multiple datasources, all datasources are checked, and if a single datasource validation failure occurs, the status changes to DOWN.

This behavior can be disabled by using the quarkus.datasource.health.enabled property.

To exclude only a particular datasource from the health check:

quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".health-exclude=true

1.3.2. Datasource metrics

If you are using the quarkus-micrometer or quarkus-smallrye-metrics extension, quarkus-agroal can contribute some datasource-related metrics to the metric registry. This can be activated by setting the quarkus.datasource.metrics.enabled property to true.

For the exposed metrics to contain any actual values, a metric collection must be enabled internally by the Agroal mechanisms. By default, this metric collection mechanism is enabled for all datasources when a metrics extension is present, and metrics for the Agroal extension are enabled.

To disable metrics for a particular datasource, set quarkus.datasource.jdbc.enable-metrics to false, or apply quarkus.datasource.<datasource name>.jdbc.enable-metrics for a named datasource. This disables collecting the metrics and exposing them in the /q/metrics endpoint if the mechanism to collect them is disabled.

Conversely, setting quarkus.datasource.jdbc.enable-metrics to true, or quarkus.datasource.<datasource name>.jdbc.enable-metrics for a named datasource explicitly enables metrics collection even if a metrics extension is not in use. This can be useful if you need to access the collected metrics programmatically. They are available after calling dataSource.getMetrics() on an injected AgroalDataSource instance.

If the metrics collection for this datasource is disabled, all values result in zero.

1.3.3. Datasource tracing

To use tracing with a datasource, you need to add the quarkus-opentelemetry extension to your project.

You do not need to declare a different driver to enable tracing. If you use a JDBC driver, you need to follow the instructions in the OpenTelemetry extension.

Even with all the tracing infrastructure in place, the datasource tracing is not enabled by default, and you need to enable it by setting this property:

# enable tracing
quarkus.datasource.jdbc.telemetry=true

1.3.4. Narayana transaction manager integration

Integration is automatic if the Narayana JTA extension is also available.

You can override this by setting the transactions configuration property:

quarkus.datasource.jdbc.transactions for default unnamed datasource
quarkus.datasource.<datasource-name>.jdbc.transactions for named datasource

For more information, see the Configuration reference section below.

To facilitate the storage of transaction logs in a database by using JDBC, see Configuring transaction logs to be stored in a datasource section of the Using transactions in Quarkus guide.

1.3.4.1. Named datasources

When using Dev Services, the default datasource will always be created, but to specify a named datasource, you need to have at least one build time property so Quarkus can detect how to create the datasource.

You will usually specify the db-kind property or explicitly enable Dev Services by setting quarkus.datasource."name".devservices.enabled=true.

1.3.5. Testing with in-memory databases

Some databases like H2 and Derby are commonly used in the embedded mode as a facility to run integration tests quickly.

The recommended approach is to use the real database you intend to use in production, especially when Dev Services provide a zero-config database for testing, and running tests against a container is relatively quick and produces expected results on an actual environment. However, it is also possible to use JVM-powered databases for scenarios when the ability to run simple integration tests is required.

1.3.5.1. Support and limitations

Embedded databases (H2 and Derby) work in JVM mode. For native mode, the following limitations apply:

Derby cannot be embedded into the application in native mode. However, the Quarkus Derby extension allows native compilation of the Derby JDBC client, supporting remote connections.
Embedding H2 within your native image is not recommended. Consider using an alternative approach, for example, using a remote connection to a separate database instead.

1.4. References

1.4.1. Common datasource configuration reference

lock Configuration property fixed at build time - All other configuration properties are overridable at runtime

Configuration property	Type	Default
`quarkus.datasource.health.enabled` Whether or not a health check is published in case the smallrye-health extension is present. This is a global setting and is not specific to a datasource. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_HEALTH_ENABLED`	boolean	`true`
`quarkus.datasource.metrics.enabled` Whether or not datasource metrics are published in case a metrics extension is present. This is a global setting and is not specific to a datasource. Note This is different from the "jdbc.enable-metrics" property that needs to be set on the JDBC datasource level to enable collection of metrics for that datasource. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_METRICS_ENABLED`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource.db-kind` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".db-kind` The kind of database we will connect to (e.g. h2, postgresql…). Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_DB_KIND`	string
`quarkus.datasource.db-version` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".db-version` The version of the database we will connect to (e.g. '10.0'). Caution The version number set here should follow the same numbering scheme as the string returned by `java.sql.DatabaseMetaData#getDatabaseProductVersion()` for your database’s JDBC driver. This numbering scheme may be different from the most popular one for your database; for example Microsoft SQL Server 2016 would be version `13`. As a rule, the version set here should be as high as possible, but must be lower than or equal to the version of any database your application will connect to. A high version will allow better performance and using more features (e.g. Hibernate ORM may generate more efficient SQL, avoid workarounds and take advantage of more database features), but if it is higher than the version of the database you want to connect to, it may lead to runtime exceptions (e.g. Hibernate ORM may generate invalid SQL that your database will reject). Some extensions (like the Hibernate ORM extension) will try to check this version against the actual database version on startup, leading to a startup failure when the actual version is lower or simply a warning in case the database cannot be reached. The default for this property is specific to each extension; the Hibernate ORM extension will default to the oldest version it supports. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_DB_VERSION`	string
`quarkus.datasource.health-exclude` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".health-exclude` Whether this particular data source should be excluded from the health check if the general health check for data sources is enabled. By default, the health check includes all configured data sources (if it is enabled). Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_HEALTH_EXCLUDE`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource.active` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".active` Whether this datasource should be active at runtime. See this section of the documentation. If the datasource is not active, it won’t start with the application, and accessing the corresponding Datasource CDI bean will fail, meaning in particular that consumers of this datasource (e.g. Hibernate ORM persistence units) will fail to start unless they are inactive too. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_ACTIVE`	boolean	`true`
`quarkus.datasource.username` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".username` The datasource username Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_USERNAME`	string
`quarkus.datasource.password` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".password` The datasource password Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_PASSWORD`	string
`quarkus.datasource.credentials-provider` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".credentials-provider` The credentials provider name Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_CREDENTIALS_PROVIDER`	string
`quarkus.datasource.credentials-provider-name` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".credentials-provider-name` The credentials provider bean name. This is a bean name (as in `@Named`) of a bean that implements `CredentialsProvider`. It is used to select the credentials provider bean when multiple exist. This is unnecessary when there is only one credentials provider available. For Vault, the credentials provider bean name is `vault-credentials-provider`. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_CREDENTIALS_PROVIDER_NAME`	string
Dev Services	Type	Default
`quarkus.datasource.devservices.enabled` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".devservices.enabled` Whether this Dev Service should start with the application in dev mode or tests. Dev Services are enabled by default unless connection configuration (e.g. the JDBC URL or reactive client URL) is set explicitly. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_DEVSERVICES_ENABLED`	boolean
`quarkus.datasource.devservices.image-name` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".devservices.image-name` The container image name for container-based Dev Service providers. This has no effect if the provider is not a container-based database, such as H2 or Derby. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_DEVSERVICES_IMAGE_NAME`	string
`quarkus.datasource.devservices.container-env."environment-variable-name"` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".devservices.container-env."environment-variable-name"` Environment variables that are passed to the container. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_DEVSERVICES_CONTAINER_ENV__ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE_NAME_`	Map<String,String>
`quarkus.datasource.devservices.container-properties."property-key"` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".devservices.container-properties."property-key"` Generic properties that are passed for additional container configuration. Properties defined here are database-specific and are interpreted specifically in each database dev service implementation. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_DEVSERVICES_CONTAINER_PROPERTIES__PROPERTY_KEY_`	Map<String,String>
`quarkus.datasource.devservices.properties."property-key"` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".devservices.properties."property-key"` Generic properties that are added to the database connection URL. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_DEVSERVICES_PROPERTIES__PROPERTY_KEY_`	Map<String,String>
`quarkus.datasource.devservices.port` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".devservices.port` Optional fixed port the dev service will listen to. If not defined, the port will be chosen randomly. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_DEVSERVICES_PORT`	int
`quarkus.datasource.devservices.command` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".devservices.command` The container start command to use for container-based Dev Service providers. This has no effect if the provider is not a container-based database, such as H2 or Derby. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_DEVSERVICES_COMMAND`	string
`quarkus.datasource.devservices.db-name` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".devservices.db-name` The database name to use if this Dev Service supports overriding it. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_DEVSERVICES_DB_NAME`	string
`quarkus.datasource.devservices.username` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".devservices.username` The username to use if this Dev Service supports overriding it. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_DEVSERVICES_USERNAME`	string
`quarkus.datasource.devservices.password` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".devservices.password` The password to use if this Dev Service supports overriding it. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_DEVSERVICES_PASSWORD`	string
`quarkus.datasource.devservices.init-script-path` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".devservices.init-script-path` The path to a SQL script to be loaded from the classpath and applied to the Dev Service database. This has no effect if the provider is not a container-based database, such as H2 or Derby. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_DEVSERVICES_INIT_SCRIPT_PATH`	string
`quarkus.datasource.devservices.volumes."host-path"` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".devservices.volumes."host-path"` The volumes to be mapped to the container. The map key corresponds to the host location; the map value is the container location. If the host location starts with "classpath:", the mapping loads the resource from the classpath with read-only permission. When using a file system location, the volume will be generated with read-write permission, potentially leading to data loss or modification in your file system. This has no effect if the provider is not a container-based database, such as H2 or Derby. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_DEVSERVICES_VOLUMES__HOST_PATH_`	Map<String,String>
`quarkus.datasource.devservices.reuse` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".devservices.reuse` Whether to keep Dev Service containers running after a dev mode session or test suite execution to reuse them in the next dev mode session or test suite execution. Within a dev mode session or test suite execution, Quarkus will always reuse Dev Services as long as their configuration (username, password, environment, port bindings, …) did not change. This feature is specifically about keeping containers running when Quarkus is not running to reuse them across runs. Warning This feature needs to be enabled explicitly in `testcontainers.properties`, may require changes to how you configure data initialization in dev mode and tests, and may leave containers running indefinitely, forcing you to stop and remove them manually. See this section of the documentation for more information. This configuration property is set to `true` by default, so it is mostly useful to disable reuse, if you enabled it in `testcontainers.properties` but only want to use it for some of your Quarkus applications or datasources. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_DEVSERVICES_REUSE`	boolean	`true`

1.4.2. JDBC configuration reference

lock Configuration property fixed at build time - All other configuration properties are overridable at runtime

Configuration property	Type	Default
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc` If we create a JDBC datasource for this datasource. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC`	boolean	`true`
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.driver` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.driver` The datasource driver class name Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_DRIVER`	string
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.transactions` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.transactions` Whether we want to use regular JDBC transactions, XA, or disable all transactional capabilities. When enabling XA you will need a driver implementing `javax.sql.XADataSource`. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_TRANSACTIONS`	enabled: Integrate the JDBC Datasource with the JTA TransactionManager of Quarkus. This is the default. xa: Similarly to `enabled`, also enables integration with the JTA TransactionManager of Quarkus, but enabling XA transactions as well. Requires a JDBC driver implementing `javax.sql.XADataSource` disabled: Disables the Agroal integration with the Narayana TransactionManager. This is typically a bad idea, and is only useful in special cases: make sure to not use this without having a deep understanding of the implications.	enabled
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.enable-metrics` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.enable-metrics` Enable datasource metrics collection. If unspecified, collecting metrics will be enabled by default if a metrics extension is active. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_ENABLE_METRICS`	boolean
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.tracing` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.tracing` Enable JDBC tracing. Disabled by default. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_TRACING`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.telemetry` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.telemetry` Enable OpenTelemetry JDBC instrumentation. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_TELEMETRY`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.url` The datasource URL Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_URL`	string
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.initial-size` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.initial-size` The initial size of the pool. Usually you will want to set the initial size to match at least the minimal size, but this is not enforced so to allow for architectures which prefer a lazy initialization of the connections on boot, while being able to sustain a minimal pool size after boot. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_INITIAL_SIZE`	int
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.min-size` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.min-size` The datasource pool minimum size Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_MIN_SIZE`	int	`0`
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.max-size` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.max-size` The datasource pool maximum size Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_MAX_SIZE`	int	`20`
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.background-validation-interval` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.background-validation-interval` The interval at which we validate idle connections in the background. Set to `0` to disable background validation. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_BACKGROUND_VALIDATION_INTERVAL`	Duration	`2M`
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.foreground-validation-interval` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.foreground-validation-interval` Perform foreground validation on connections that have been idle for longer than the specified interval. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_FOREGROUND_VALIDATION_INTERVAL`	Duration
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.acquisition-timeout` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.acquisition-timeout` The timeout before cancelling the acquisition of a new connection Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_ACQUISITION_TIMEOUT`	Duration	`5S`
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.leak-detection-interval` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.leak-detection-interval` The interval at which we check for connection leaks. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_LEAK_DETECTION_INTERVAL`	Duration	`This feature is disabled by default.`
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.idle-removal-interval` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.idle-removal-interval` The interval at which we try to remove idle connections. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_IDLE_REMOVAL_INTERVAL`	Duration	`5M`
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.max-lifetime` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.max-lifetime` The max lifetime of a connection. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_MAX_LIFETIME`	Duration	`By default, there is no restriction on the lifespan of a connection.`
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.transaction-isolation-level` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.transaction-isolation-level` The transaction isolation level. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_TRANSACTION_ISOLATION_LEVEL`	`undefined`, `none`, `read-uncommitted`, `read-committed`, `repeatable-read`, `serializable`
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.extended-leak-report` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.extended-leak-report` Collect and display extra troubleshooting info on leaked connections. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_EXTENDED_LEAK_REPORT`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.flush-on-close` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.flush-on-close` Allows connections to be flushed upon return to the pool. It’s not enabled by default. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_FLUSH_ON_CLOSE`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.detect-statement-leaks` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.detect-statement-leaks` When enabled, Agroal will be able to produce a warning when a connection is returned to the pool without the application having closed all open statements. This is unrelated with tracking of open connections. Disable for peak performance, but only when there’s high confidence that no leaks are happening. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_DETECT_STATEMENT_LEAKS`	boolean	`true`
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.new-connection-sql` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.new-connection-sql` Query executed when first using a connection. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_NEW_CONNECTION_SQL`	string
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.validation-query-sql` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.validation-query-sql` Query executed to validate a connection. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_VALIDATION_QUERY_SQL`	string
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.validate-on-borrow` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.validate-on-borrow` Forces connection validation prior to acquisition (foreground validation) regardless of the idle status. Because of the overhead of performing validation on every call, it’s recommended to rely on default idle validation instead, and to leave this to `false`. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_VALIDATE_ON_BORROW`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.pooling-enabled` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.pooling-enabled` Disable pooling to prevent reuse of Connections. Use this when an external pool manages the life-cycle of Connections. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_POOLING_ENABLED`	boolean	`true`
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.transaction-requirement` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.transaction-requirement` Require an active transaction when acquiring a connection. Recommended for production. WARNING: Some extensions acquire connections without holding a transaction for things like schema updates and schema validation. Setting this setting to STRICT may lead to failures in those cases. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_TRANSACTION_REQUIREMENT`	`off`, `warn`, `strict`
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.additional-jdbc-properties."property-key"` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.additional-jdbc-properties."property-key"` Other unspecified properties to be passed to the JDBC driver when creating new connections. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_ADDITIONAL_JDBC_PROPERTIES__PROPERTY_KEY_`	Map<String,String>
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.tracing.enabled` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.tracing.enabled` Enable JDBC tracing. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_TRACING_ENABLED`	boolean	`false if quarkus.datasource.jdbc.tracing=false and true if quarkus.datasource.jdbc.tracing=true`
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.tracing.trace-with-active-span-only` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.tracing.trace-with-active-span-only` Trace calls with active Spans only Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_TRACING_TRACE_WITH_ACTIVE_SPAN_ONLY`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.tracing.ignore-for-tracing` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.tracing.ignore-for-tracing` Ignore specific queries from being traced Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_TRACING_IGNORE_FOR_TRACING`	string	`Ignore specific queries from being traced, multiple queries can be specified separated by semicolon, double quotes should be escaped with \`
`quarkus.datasource.jdbc.telemetry.enabled` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".jdbc.telemetry.enabled` Enable OpenTelemetry JDBC instrumentation. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_JDBC_TELEMETRY_ENABLED`	boolean	`false if quarkus.datasource.jdbc.telemetry=false and true if quarkus.datasource.jdbc.telemetry=true`

About the Duration format

To write duration values, use the standard java.time.Duration format. See the Duration#parse() Java API documentation for more information.

You can also use a simplified format, starting with a number:

If the value is only a number, it represents time in seconds.
If the value is a number followed by ms, it represents time in milliseconds.

In other cases, the simplified format is translated to the java.time.Duration format for parsing:

If the value is a number followed by h, m, or s, it is prefixed with PT.
If the value is a number followed by d, it is prefixed with P.

1.4.3. JDBC URL reference

Each of the supported databases contains different JDBC URL configuration options. The following section gives an overview of each database URL and a link to the official documentation.

1.4.3.1. DB2

jdbc:db2://<serverName>[:<portNumber>]/<databaseName>[:<key1>=<value>;[<key2>=<value2>;]]

Example: jdbc:db2://localhost:50000/MYDB:user=dbadm;password=dbadm;

For more information on URL syntax and additional supported options, see the official documentation.

1.4.3.2. Derby

jdbc:derby:[//serverName[:portNumber]/][memory:]databaseName[;property=value[;property=value]]

Example: jdbc:derby://localhost:1527/myDB, jdbc:derby:memory:myDB;create=true

Derby is an embedded database that can run as a server, based on a file, or can run completely in memory. All of these options are available as listed above.

For more information, see the official documentation.

1.4.3.3. H2

jdbc:h2:{ {.|mem:}[name] | [file:]fileName | {tcp|ssl}:[//]server[:port][,server2[:port]]/name }[;key=value…]

Example: jdbc:h2:tcp://localhost/~/test, jdbc:h2:mem:myDB

H2 is a database that can run in embedded or server mode. It can use a file storage or run entirely in memory. All of these options are available as listed above.

For more information, see the official documentation.

1.4.3.4. MariaDB

jdbc:mariadb:[replication:|failover:|sequential:|aurora:]//<hostDescription>[,<hostDescription>…]/[database][?<key1>=<value1>[&<key2>=<value2>]] hostDescription:: <host>[:<portnumber>] or address=(host=<host>)[(port=<portnumber>)][(type=(master|slave))]

Example: jdbc:mariadb://localhost:3306/test

For more information, see the official documentation.

1.4.3.5. Microsoft SQL server

jdbc:sqlserver://[serverName[\instanceName][:portNumber]][;property=value[;property=value]]

Example: jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;databaseName=AdventureWorks

The Microsoft SQL Server JDBC driver works essentially the same as the others.

For more information, see the official documentation.

1.4.3.6. MySQL

jdbc:mysql:[replication:|failover:|sequential:|aurora:]//<hostDescription>[,<hostDescription>…]/[database][?<key1>=<value1>[&<key2>=<value2>]] hostDescription:: <host>[:<portnumber>] or address=(host=<host>)[(port=<portnumber>)][(type=(master|slave))]

Example: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test

For more information, see the official documentation.

1.4.3.6.1. MySQL limitations

When compiling a Quarkus application to a native image, the MySQL support for JMX and Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) integrations are disabled as they are incompatible with GraalVM native images.

The lack of JMX support is a natural consequence of running in native mode and is unlikely to be resolved.
The integration with OCI is not supported.

1.4.3.7. Oracle

jdbc:oracle:driver_type:@database_specifier

Example: jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521/ORCL_SVC

For more information, see the official documentation.

1.4.3.8. PostgreSQL

jdbc:postgresql:[//][host][:port][/database][?key=value…]

Example: jdbc:postgresql://localhost/test

The defaults for the different parts are as follows:

host: localhost
port: 5432
database: same name as the username

For more information about additional parameters, see the official documentation.

1.4.4. Quarkus extensions and database drivers reference

The following tables list the built-in db-kind values, the corresponding Quarkus extensions, and the JDBC drivers used by those extensions.

When using one of the built-in datasource kinds, the JDBC and Reactive drivers are resolved automatically to match the values from these tables.

Table 1.1. Database platform kind to JDBC driver mapping
Database kind	Quarkus extension	Drivers
`db2`	`quarkus-jdbc-db2`	JDBC: `com.ibm.db2.jcc.DB2Driver` XA: `com.ibm.db2.jcc.DB2XADataSource`
`derby`	`quarkus-jdbc-derby`	JDBC: `org.apache.derby.jdbc.ClientDriver` XA: `org.apache.derby.jdbc.ClientXADataSource`
`h2`	`quarkus-jdbc-h2`	JDBC: `org.h2.Driver` XA: `org.h2.jdbcx.JdbcDataSource`
`mariadb`	`quarkus-jdbc-mariadb`	JDBC: `org.mariadb.jdbc.Driver` XA: `org.mariadb.jdbc.MySQLDataSource`
`mssql`	`quarkus-jdbc-mssql`	JDBC: `com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver` XA: `com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerXADataSource`
`mysql`	`quarkus-jdbc-mysql`	JDBC: `com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver` XA: `com.mysql.cj.jdbc.MysqlXADataSource`
`oracle`	`quarkus-jdbc-oracle`	JDBC: `oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver` XA: `oracle.jdbc.xa.client.OracleXADataSource`
`postgresql`	`quarkus-jdbc-postgresql`	JDBC: `org.postgresql.Driver` XA: `org.postgresql.xa.PGXADataSource`

Table 1.2. Database kind to Reactive driver mapping
Database kind	Quarkus extension	Driver
`oracle`	`reactive-oracle-client`	`io.vertx.oracleclient.spi.OracleDriver`
`mysql`	`reactive-mysql-client`	`io.vertx.mysqlclient.spi.MySQLDriver`
`mssql`	`reactive-mssql-client`	`io.vertx.mssqlclient.spi.MSSQLDriver`
`postgresql`	`reactive-pg-client`	`io.vertx.pgclient.spi.PgDriver`

Tip

This automatic resolution is applicable in most cases so that driver configuration is not needed.

1.4.5. Reactive datasource configuration reference

lock Configuration property fixed at build time - All other configuration properties are overridable at runtime

Configuration property	Type	Default
`quarkus.datasource.reactive` If we create a Reactive datasource for this datasource. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE`	boolean	`true`
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.cache-prepared-statements` Whether prepared statements should be cached on the client side. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_CACHE_PREPARED_STATEMENTS`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.url` The datasource URLs. If multiple values are set, this datasource will create a pool with a list of servers instead of a single server. The pool uses round-robin load balancing for server selection during connection establishment. Note that certain drivers might not accommodate multiple values in this context. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_URL`	list of string
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.max-size` The datasource pool maximum size. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_MAX_SIZE`	int	`20`
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.event-loop-size` When a new connection object is created, the pool assigns it an event loop. When `#event-loop-size` is set to a strictly positive value, the pool assigns as many event loops as specified, in a round-robin fashion. By default, the number of event loops configured or calculated by Quarkus is used. If `#event-loop-size` is set to zero or a negative value, the pool assigns the current event loop to the new connection. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_EVENT_LOOP_SIZE`	int
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.trust-all` Whether all server certificates should be trusted. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_TRUST_ALL`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.trust-certificate-pem` PEM Trust config is disabled by default. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_TRUST_CERTIFICATE_PEM`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.trust-certificate-pem.certs` Comma-separated list of the trust certificate files (Pem format). Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_TRUST_CERTIFICATE_PEM_CERTS`	list of string
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.trust-certificate-jks` JKS config is disabled by default. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_TRUST_CERTIFICATE_JKS`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.trust-certificate-jks.path` Path of the key file (JKS format). Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_TRUST_CERTIFICATE_JKS_PATH`	string
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.trust-certificate-jks.password` Password of the key file. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_TRUST_CERTIFICATE_JKS_PASSWORD`	string
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.trust-certificate-pfx` PFX config is disabled by default. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_TRUST_CERTIFICATE_PFX`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.trust-certificate-pfx.path` Path to the key file (PFX format). Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_TRUST_CERTIFICATE_PFX_PATH`	string
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.trust-certificate-pfx.password` Password of the key. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_TRUST_CERTIFICATE_PFX_PASSWORD`	string
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.key-certificate-pem` PEM Key/cert config is disabled by default. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_KEY_CERTIFICATE_PEM`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.key-certificate-pem.keys` Comma-separated list of the path to the key files (Pem format). Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_KEY_CERTIFICATE_PEM_KEYS`	list of string
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.key-certificate-pem.certs` Comma-separated list of the path to the certificate files (Pem format). Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_KEY_CERTIFICATE_PEM_CERTS`	list of string
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.key-certificate-jks` JKS config is disabled by default. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_KEY_CERTIFICATE_JKS`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.key-certificate-jks.path` Path of the key file (JKS format). Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_KEY_CERTIFICATE_JKS_PATH`	string
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.key-certificate-jks.password` Password of the key file. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_KEY_CERTIFICATE_JKS_PASSWORD`	string
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.key-certificate-pfx` PFX config is disabled by default. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_KEY_CERTIFICATE_PFX`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.key-certificate-pfx.path` Path to the key file (PFX format). Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_KEY_CERTIFICATE_PFX_PATH`	string
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.key-certificate-pfx.password` Password of the key. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_KEY_CERTIFICATE_PFX_PASSWORD`	string
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.reconnect-attempts` The number of reconnection attempts when a pooled connection cannot be established on first try. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_RECONNECT_ATTEMPTS`	int	`0`
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.reconnect-interval` The interval between reconnection attempts when a pooled connection cannot be established on first try. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_RECONNECT_INTERVAL`	Duration	`PT1S`
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.hostname-verification-algorithm` The hostname verification algorithm to use in case the server’s identity should be checked. Should be `HTTPS`, `LDAPS` or `NONE`. `NONE` is the default value and disables the verification. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_HOSTNAME_VERIFICATION_ALGORITHM`	string	`NONE`
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.idle-timeout` The maximum time a connection remains unused in the pool before it is closed. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_IDLE_TIMEOUT`	Duration	`no timeout`
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.max-lifetime` The maximum time a connection remains in the pool, after which it will be closed upon return and replaced as necessary. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_MAX_LIFETIME`	Duration	`no timeout`
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.shared` Set to true to share the pool among datasources. There can be multiple shared pools distinguished by name, when no specific name is set, the `__vertx.DEFAULT` name is used. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_SHARED`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.name` Set the pool name, used when the pool is shared among datasources, otherwise ignored. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_NAME`	string
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.additional-properties."property-key"` Other unspecified properties to be passed through the Reactive SQL Client directly to the database when new connections are initiated. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_ADDITIONAL_PROPERTIES__PROPERTY_KEY_`	Map<String,String>
Additional named datasources	Type	Default
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive` If we create a Reactive datasource for this datasource. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE`	boolean	`true`
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.cache-prepared-statements` Whether prepared statements should be cached on the client side. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_CACHE_PREPARED_STATEMENTS`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.url` The datasource URLs. If multiple values are set, this datasource will create a pool with a list of servers instead of a single server. The pool uses round-robin load balancing for server selection during connection establishment. Note that certain drivers might not accommodate multiple values in this context. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_URL`	list of string
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.max-size` The datasource pool maximum size. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_MAX_SIZE`	int	`20`
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.event-loop-size` When a new connection object is created, the pool assigns it an event loop. When `#event-loop-size` is set to a strictly positive value, the pool assigns as many event loops as specified, in a round-robin fashion. By default, the number of event loops configured or calculated by Quarkus is used. If `#event-loop-size` is set to zero or a negative value, the pool assigns the current event loop to the new connection. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_EVENT_LOOP_SIZE`	int
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.trust-all` Whether all server certificates should be trusted. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_TRUST_ALL`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.trust-certificate-pem` PEM Trust config is disabled by default. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_TRUST_CERTIFICATE_PEM`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.trust-certificate-pem.certs` Comma-separated list of the trust certificate files (Pem format). Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_TRUST_CERTIFICATE_PEM_CERTS`	list of string
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.trust-certificate-jks` JKS config is disabled by default. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_TRUST_CERTIFICATE_JKS`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.trust-certificate-jks.path` Path of the key file (JKS format). Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_TRUST_CERTIFICATE_JKS_PATH`	string
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.trust-certificate-jks.password` Password of the key file. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_TRUST_CERTIFICATE_JKS_PASSWORD`	string
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.trust-certificate-pfx` PFX config is disabled by default. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_TRUST_CERTIFICATE_PFX`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.trust-certificate-pfx.path` Path to the key file (PFX format). Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_TRUST_CERTIFICATE_PFX_PATH`	string
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.trust-certificate-pfx.password` Password of the key. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_TRUST_CERTIFICATE_PFX_PASSWORD`	string
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.key-certificate-pem` PEM Key/cert config is disabled by default. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_KEY_CERTIFICATE_PEM`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.key-certificate-pem.keys` Comma-separated list of the path to the key files (Pem format). Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_KEY_CERTIFICATE_PEM_KEYS`	list of string
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.key-certificate-pem.certs` Comma-separated list of the path to the certificate files (Pem format). Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_KEY_CERTIFICATE_PEM_CERTS`	list of string
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.key-certificate-jks` JKS config is disabled by default. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_KEY_CERTIFICATE_JKS`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.key-certificate-jks.path` Path of the key file (JKS format). Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_KEY_CERTIFICATE_JKS_PATH`	string
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.key-certificate-jks.password` Password of the key file. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_KEY_CERTIFICATE_JKS_PASSWORD`	string
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.key-certificate-pfx` PFX config is disabled by default. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_KEY_CERTIFICATE_PFX`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.key-certificate-pfx.path` Path to the key file (PFX format). Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_KEY_CERTIFICATE_PFX_PATH`	string
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.key-certificate-pfx.password` Password of the key. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_KEY_CERTIFICATE_PFX_PASSWORD`	string
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.reconnect-attempts` The number of reconnection attempts when a pooled connection cannot be established on first try. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_RECONNECT_ATTEMPTS`	int	`0`
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.reconnect-interval` The interval between reconnection attempts when a pooled connection cannot be established on first try. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_RECONNECT_INTERVAL`	Duration	`PT1S`
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.hostname-verification-algorithm` The hostname verification algorithm to use in case the server’s identity should be checked. Should be `HTTPS`, `LDAPS` or `NONE`. `NONE` is the default value and disables the verification. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_HOSTNAME_VERIFICATION_ALGORITHM`	string	`NONE`
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.idle-timeout` The maximum time a connection remains unused in the pool before it is closed. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_IDLE_TIMEOUT`	Duration	`no timeout`
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.max-lifetime` The maximum time a connection remains in the pool, after which it will be closed upon return and replaced as necessary. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_MAX_LIFETIME`	Duration	`no timeout`
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.shared` Set to true to share the pool among datasources. There can be multiple shared pools distinguished by name, when no specific name is set, the `__vertx.DEFAULT` name is used. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_SHARED`	boolean	`false`
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.name` Set the pool name, used when the pool is shared among datasources, otherwise ignored. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_NAME`	string
`quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.additional-properties."property-key"` Other unspecified properties to be passed through the Reactive SQL Client directly to the database when new connections are initiated. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE__DATASOURCE_NAME__REACTIVE_ADDITIONAL_PROPERTIES__PROPERTY_KEY_`	Map<String,String>

About the Duration format

To write duration values, use the standard java.time.Duration format. See the Duration#parse() Java API documentation for more information.

You can also use a simplified format, starting with a number:

If the value is only a number, it represents time in seconds.
If the value is a number followed by ms, it represents time in milliseconds.

In other cases, the simplified format is translated to the java.time.Duration format for parsing:

If the value is a number followed by h, m, or s, it is prefixed with PT.
If the value is a number followed by d, it is prefixed with P.

1.4.5.1. Reactive MariaDB/MySQL specific configuration

lock Configuration property fixed at build time - All other configuration properties are overridable at runtime

Configuration property	Type	Default
Additional named datasources	Type	Default
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.mysql.charset` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.mysql.charset` Charset for connections. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_MYSQL_CHARSET`	string
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.mysql.collation` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.mysql.collation` Collation for connections. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_MYSQL_COLLATION`	string
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.mysql.ssl-mode` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.mysql.ssl-mode` Desired security state of the connection to the server. See MySQL Reference Manual. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_MYSQL_SSL_MODE`	`disabled`, `preferred`, `required`, `verify-ca`, `verify-identity`	`disabled`
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.mysql.connection-timeout` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.mysql.connection-timeout` Connection timeout in seconds Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_MYSQL_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT`	int
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.mysql.authentication-plugin` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.mysql.authentication-plugin` The authentication plugin the client should use. By default, it uses the plugin name specified by the server in the initial handshake packet. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_MYSQL_AUTHENTICATION_PLUGIN`	`default`, `mysql-clear-password`, `mysql-native-password`, `sha256-password`, `caching-sha2-password`	`default`
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.mysql.pipelining-limit` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.mysql.pipelining-limit` The maximum number of inflight database commands that can be pipelined. By default, pipelining is disabled. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_MYSQL_PIPELINING_LIMIT`	int
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.mysql.use-affected-rows` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.mysql.use-affected-rows` Whether to return the number of rows matched by the WHERE clause in UPDATE statements, instead of the number of rows actually changed. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_MYSQL_USE_AFFECTED_ROWS`	boolean	`false`

1.4.5.2. Reactive Microsoft SQL server-specific configuration

lock Configuration property fixed at build time - All other configuration properties are overridable at runtime

Configuration property	Type	Default
Datasources	Type	Default
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.mssql.packet-size` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.mssql.packet-size` The desired size (in bytes) for TDS packets. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_MSSQL_PACKET_SIZE`	int
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.mssql.ssl` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.mssql.ssl` Whether SSL/TLS is enabled. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_MSSQL_SSL`	boolean	`false`

1.4.5.3. Reactive Oracle-specific configuration

lock Configuration property fixed at build time - All other configuration properties are overridable at runtime

Configuration property	Type	Default
Datasources	Type	Default

1.4.5.4. Reactive PostgreSQL-specific configuration

lock Configuration property fixed at build time - All other configuration properties are overridable at runtime

Configuration property	Type	Default
Datasources	Type	Default
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.postgresql.pipelining-limit` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.postgresql.pipelining-limit` The maximum number of inflight database commands that can be pipelined. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_POSTGRESQL_PIPELINING_LIMIT`	int
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.postgresql.ssl-mode` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.postgresql.ssl-mode` SSL operating mode of the client. See Protection Provided in Different Modes. Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_POSTGRESQL_SSL_MODE`	`disable`, `allow`, `prefer`, `require`, `verify-ca`, `verify-full`	`disable`
`quarkus.datasource.reactive.postgresql.use-layer7-proxy` `quarkus.datasource."datasource-name".reactive.postgresql.use-layer7-proxy` Level 7 proxies can load balance queries on several connections to the actual database. When it happens, the client can be confused by the lack of session affinity and unwanted errors can happen like ERROR: unnamed prepared statement does not exist (26000). See Using a level 7 proxy Environment variable: `QUARKUS_DATASOURCE_REACTIVE_POSTGRESQL_USE_LAYER7_PROXY`	boolean	`false`

1.4.6. Reactive datasource URL reference

1.4.6.1. DB2

db2://[user[:[password]]@]host[:port][/database][?<key1>=<value1>[&<key2>=<value2>]]

Example: db2://dbuser:secretpassword@database.server.com:50000/mydb

Currently, the client supports the following parameter keys:

host
port
user
password
database

Note

Configuring parameters in the connection URL overrides the default properties.

1.4.6.2. Microsoft SQL server

sqlserver://[user[:[password]]@]host[:port][/database][?<key1>=<value1>[&<key2>=<value2>]]

Example: sqlserver://dbuser:secretpassword@database.server.com:1433/mydb

Currently, the client supports the following parameter keys:

host
port
user
password
database

Note

Configuring parameters in the connection URL overrides the default properties.

1.4.6.3. MySQL / MariaDB

mysql://[user[:[password]]@]host[:port][/database][?<key1>=<value1>[&<key2>=<value2>]]

Example: mysql://dbuser:secretpassword@database.server.com:3211/mydb

Currently, the client supports the following parameter keys (case-insensitive):

host
port
user
password
schema
socket
useAffectedRows

Note

Configuring parameters in the connection URL overrides the default properties.

1.4.6.4. Oracle

1.4.6.4.1. EZConnect format

oracle:thin:@[[protocol:]//]host[:port][/service_name][:server_mode][/instance_name][?connection properties]

Example: oracle:thin:@mydbhost1:5521/mydbservice?connect_timeout=10sec

1.4.6.4.2. TNS alias format

oracle:thin:@<alias_name>[?connection properties]

Example: oracle:thin:@prod_db?TNS_ADMIN=/work/tns/

1.4.6.5. PostgreSQL

postgresql://[user[:[password]]@]host[:port][/database][?<key1>=<value1>[&<key2>=<value2>]]

Example: postgresql://dbuser:secretpassword@database.server.com:5432/mydb

Currently, the client supports:

Following parameter keys:
- host
- port
- user
- password
- dbname
- sslmode
Additional properties, such as:
- application_name
- fallback_application_name
- search_path
- options

Note

Configuring parameters in the connection URL overrides the default properties.

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Chapter 1. Configure data sources in Red Hat build of Quarkus

1.1. Get started with configuring datasources in Quarkus

1.1.1. Zero-config setup in development mode

1.1.2. Configure a JDBC datasource

1.1.2.1. JDBC connection pool size adjustment

1.1.3. Configure a reactive datasource

1.2. Configure datasources

1.2.1. Configure a single datasource

1.2.1.1. JDBC datasource

1.2.1.1.1. Custom databases and drivers

1.2.1.1.2. Consuming the datasource

1.2.1.2. Reactive datasource

1.2.1.2.1. Reactive connection pool size adjustment

1.2.1.3. JDBC and reactive datasources simultaneously

1.2.2. Configure multiple datasources

1.2.2.1. Named datasource injection

1.2.3. Activate or deactivate datasources

1.2.4. Use multiple datasources in a single transaction

1.3. Datasource integrations

1.3.1. Datasource health check

1.3.2. Datasource metrics

1.3.3. Datasource tracing

1.3.4. Narayana transaction manager integration

1.3.4.1. Named datasources

1.3.5. Testing with in-memory databases

1.3.5.1. Support and limitations

1.4. References

1.4.1. Common datasource configuration reference

1.4.2. JDBC configuration reference

1.4.3. JDBC URL reference

1.4.3.1. DB2

1.4.3.2. Derby

1.4.3.3. H2

1.4.3.4. MariaDB

1.4.3.5. Microsoft SQL server

1.4.3.6. MySQL

1.4.3.6.1. MySQL limitations

1.4.3.7. Oracle

1.4.3.8. PostgreSQL

1.4.4. Quarkus extensions and database drivers reference

1.4.5. Reactive datasource configuration reference

1.4.5.1. Reactive MariaDB/MySQL specific configuration

1.4.5.2. Reactive Microsoft SQL server-specific configuration

1.4.5.3. Reactive Oracle-specific configuration

1.4.5.4. Reactive PostgreSQL-specific configuration

1.4.6. Reactive datasource URL reference

1.4.6.1. DB2

1.4.6.2. Microsoft SQL server

1.4.6.3. MySQL / MariaDB

1.4.6.4. Oracle

1.4.6.4.1. EZConnect format

1.4.6.4.2. TNS alias format

1.4.6.5. PostgreSQL

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1.1. Get started with configuring `datasources` in Quarkus