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Chapter 14. Managing guest virtual machines with virsh
virsh is a command line interface tool for managing guest virtual machines and the hypervisor. The virsh command-line tool is built on the libvirt management API and operates as an alternative to the qemu-kvm command and the graphical virt-manager application. The virsh command can be used in read-only mode by unprivileged users or, with root access, full administration functionality. The virsh command is ideal for scripting virtualization administration.
14.1. Generic Commands
The commands in this section are generic because they are not specific to any domain.
14.1.1. help
$ virsh help [command|group] The help command can be used with or without options. When used without options, all commands are listed, one per line. When used with an option, it is grouped into categories, displaying the keyword for each group.
To display the commands that are only for a specific option, you need to give the keyword for that group as an option. For example:
$ virsh help pool
Storage Pool (help keyword 'pool'):
find-storage-pool-sources-as find potential storage pool sources
find-storage-pool-sources discover potential storage pool sources
pool-autostart autostart a pool
pool-build build a pool
pool-create-as create a pool from a set of args
pool-create create a pool from an XML file
pool-define-as define a pool from a set of args
pool-define define (but don't start) a pool from an XML file
pool-delete delete a pool
pool-destroy destroy (stop) a pool
pool-dumpxml pool information in XML
pool-edit edit XML configuration for a storage pool
pool-info storage pool information
pool-list list pools
pool-name convert a pool UUID to pool name
pool-refresh refresh a pool
pool-start start a (previously defined) inactive pool
pool-undefine undefine an inactive pool
pool-uuid convert a pool name to pool UUID
Using the same command with a command option, gives the help information on that one specific command. For example:
$ virsh help vol-path
NAME
vol-path - returns the volume path for a given volume name or key
SYNOPSIS
vol-path <vol> [--pool <string>]
OPTIONS
[--vol] <string> volume name or key
--pool <string> pool name or uuid
14.1.2. quit and exit
The quit command and the exit command will close the terminal. For example:
$ virsh exit$ virsh quit14.1.3. version
The version command displays the current libvirt version and displays information about where the build is from. For example:
$ virsh version
Compiled against library: libvirt 1.1.1
Using library: libvirt 1.1.1
Using API: QEMU 1.1.1
Running hypervisor: QEMU 1.5.3
14.1.4. Argument Display
The
virsh echo [--shell][--xml][arg] command echos or displays the specified argument. Each argument echoed will be separated by a space. by using the --shell option, the output will be single quoted where needed so that it is suitable for reusing in a shell command. If the --xml option is used the output will be made suitable for use in an XML file. For example, the command virsh echo --shell "hello world" will send the output 'hello world'.
14.1.5. connect
Connects to a hypervisor session. When the shell is first started this command runs automatically when the URI parameter is requested by the
-c command. The URI specifies how to connect to the hypervisor. The most commonly used URIs are:
xen:///- connects to the local Xen hypervisor.qemu:///system- connects locally as root to the daemon supervising QEMU and KVM domains.xen:///session- connects locally as a user to the user's set of QEMU and KVM domains.lxc:///- connects to a local Linux container.
Additional values are available on libvirt's website http://libvirt.org/uri.html.
The command can be run as follows:
$ virsh connect {name|URI}
Where
{name} is the machine name (host name) or URL (the output of the virsh uri command) of the hypervisor. To initiate a read-only connection, append the above command with --readonly. For more information on URIs refer to Remote URIs. If you are unsure of the URI, the virsh uri command will display it:
$ virsh uri
qemu:///session14.1.6. Displaying Basic Information
The following commands may be used to display basic information:
- $
hostname- displays the hypervisor's host name - $
sysinfo- displays the XML representation of the hypervisor's system information, if available
14.1.7. Injecting NMI
The $
virsh inject-nmi [domain] injects NMI (non-maskable interrupt) message to the guest virtual machine. This is used when response time is critical, such as non-recoverable hardware errors. To run this command:
$ virsh inject-nmi guest-1
