Chapter 4. Configuring Red Hat High Availability clusters on AWS

Procedure

1. Launch the AWS Console.
2. Click on your AWS Account ID to display the drop-down menu and select My Security Credentials.
3. Click Users.
4. Select the user to open the Summary screen.
5. Click the Security credentials tab.
6. Click Create access key.
7. Download the .csv file (or save both keys). You need to enter these keys when creating the fencing device.

Procedure

1. Enter the following command to remove the AWS Red Hat Update Infrastructure (RHUI) client. Because you are going to use a Red Hat Cloud Access subscription, you should not use AWS RHUI in addition to your subscription.

   $ sudo -i
   # yum -y remove rh-amazon-rhui-client*

2. Register the VM with Red Hat.

   # subscription-manager register --auto-attach

3. Disable all repositories.

   # subscription-manager repos --disable=*

4. Enable the RHEL 7 Server and RHEL 7 Server HA repositories.

   # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-rpms
   # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-ha-for-rhel-7-server-rpms

5. Update all packages.

   # yum update -y

6. Reboot if the kernel is updated.

   # reboot

7. Install pcs, pacemaker, fence agent, and resource agent.

   # yum -y install pcs pacemaker fence-agents-aws resource-agents

8. The user hacluster was created during the pcs and pacemaker installation in the previous step. Create a password for hacluster on all cluster nodes. Use the same password for all nodes.

   # passwd hacluster

9. Add the high availability service to the RHEL Firewall if firewalld.service is enabled.

   # firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=high-availability
   # firewall-cmd --reload

10. Start the pcs service and enable it to start on boot.

    # systemctl enable pcsd.service --now

Procedure

1. On one of the nodes, enter the following command to authenticate the pcs user hacluster. Specify the name of each node in the cluster.

   # pcs host auth  _hostname1_ _hostname2_ _hostname3_

   Example:

   [root@node01 clouduser]# pcs host auth node01 node02 node03
   Username: hacluster
   Password:
   node01: Authorized
   node02: Authorized
   node03: Authorized

2. Create the cluster.

   # pcs cluster setup --name _hostname1_ _hostname2_ _hostname3_

   Example:

   [root@node01 clouduser]# pcs cluster setup --name newcluster node01 node02 node03
   
   ...omitted
   
   Synchronizing pcsd certificates on nodes node01, node02, node03...
   node02: Success
   node03: Success
   node01: Success
   Restarting pcsd on the nodes in order to reload the certificates...
   node02: Success
   node03: Success
   node01: Success

Verification steps

1. Enable the cluster.

   # pcs cluster enable --all

2. Start the cluster.

   # pcs cluster start --all

   Example:

   [root@node01 clouduser]# pcs cluster enable --all
   node02: Cluster Enabled
   node03: Cluster Enabled
   node01: Cluster Enabled
   
   [root@node01 clouduser]# pcs cluster start --all
   node02: Starting Cluster...
   node03: Starting Cluster...
   node01: Starting Cluster...

Procedure

1. Enter the following AWS metadata query to get the Instance ID for each node. You need these IDs to configure the fence device. See Instance Metadata and User Data for additional information.

   # echo $(curl -s http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-id)

   Example:

   [root@ip-10-0-0-48 ~]# echo $(curl -s http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-id) i-07f1ac63af0ec0ac6

2. Create a fence device. Use the pcmk_host_map command to map the RHEL host name to the Instance ID. Use the AWS Access Key and AWS Secret Access Key you previously set up in Creating the AWS Access Key and AWS Secret Access Key.

   # pcs stonith create cluster_fence fence_aws access_key=access-key secret_key=_secret-access-key_ region=_region_ pcmk_host_map="rhel-hostname-1:Instance-ID-1;rhel-hostname-2:Instance-ID-2;rhel-hostname-3:Instance-ID-3"

   Example:

   [root@ip-10-0-0-48 ~]# pcs stonith create clusterfence fence_aws access_key=AKIAI*******6MRMJA secret_key=a75EYIG4RVL3h*******K7koQ8dzaDyn5yoIZ/ region=us-east-1 pcmk_host_map="ip-10-0-0-48:i-07f1ac63af0ec0ac6;ip-10-0-0-46:i-063fc5fe93b4167b2;ip-10-0-0-58:i-08bd39eb03a6fd2c7" power_timeout=240 pcmk_reboot_timeout=480 pcmk_reboot_retries=4

Verification steps

1. Test the fencing agent for one of the other nodes.

   # pcs stonith fence _awsnodename_

   Example:

   [root@ip-10-0-0-48 ~]# pcs stonith fence ip-10-0-0-58
   Node: ip-10-0-0-58 fenced

2. Check the status to verify that the node is fenced.

   # watch pcs status

   Example:

   [root@ip-10-0-0-48 ~]# pcs status
   Cluster name: newcluster
   Stack: corosync
   Current DC: ip-10-0-0-46 (version 1.1.18-11.el7-2b07d5c5a9) - partition with quorum
   Last updated: Fri Mar  2 20:01:31 2018
   Last change: Fri Mar  2 19:24:59 2018 by root via cibadmin on ip-10-0-0-48
   
   3 nodes configured
   1 resource configured
   
   Online: [ ip-10-0-0-46 ip-10-0-0-48 ip-10-0-0-58 ]
   
   Full list of resources:
   
     clusterfence  (stonith:fence_aws):    Started ip-10-0-0-46
   
   Daemon Status:
     corosync: active/disabled
     pacemaker: active/disabled
     pcsd: active/enabled

Procedure

1. Perform the procedure Installing the AWS CLI.

2. Enter the following command to verify that the AWS CLI is configured properly. The instance IDs and instance names should display.

   Example:

   [root@ip-10-0-0-48 ~]# aws ec2 describe-instances --output text --query 'Reservations[*].Instances[*].[InstanceId,Tags[?Key==`Name`].Value]'
   i-07f1ac63af0ec0ac6
   ip-10-0-0-48
   i-063fc5fe93b4167b2
   ip-10-0-0-46
   i-08bd39eb03a6fd2c7
   ip-10-0-0-58

Procedure

1. Enter the following command to view the AWS Secondary Private IP Address resource agent (awsvip) description. This shows the options and default operations for this agent.

   # pcs resource describe awsvip

2. Enter the following command to create the Secondary Private IP address using an unused private IP address in the VPC CIDR block.

   # pcs resource create privip awsvip secondary_private_ip=_Unused-IP-Address_ --group _group-name_

   Example:

   [root@ip-10-0-0-48 ~]# pcs resource create privip awsvip secondary_private_ip=10.0.0.68 --group networking-group

3. Create a virtual IP resource. This is a VPC IP address that can be rapidly remapped from the fenced node to the failover node, masking the failure of the fenced node within the subnet.

   # pcs resource create vip IPaddr2 ip=_secondary-private-IP_ --group _group-name_

   Example:

   root@ip-10-0-0-48 ~]# pcs resource create vip IPaddr2 ip=10.0.0.68 --group networking-group

1. Add the two resources to the same group that was previously created to enforce order and colocation constraints.

2. Enter the following AWS CLI command to create an elastic IP address.

   [root@ip-10-0-0-48 ~]# aws ec2 allocate-address --domain vpc --output text
   eipalloc-4c4a2c45   vpc 35.169.153.122

3. Enter the following command to view the AWS Secondary Elastic IP Address resource agent (awseip) description. This shows the options and default operations for this agent.

   # pcs resource describe awseip

4. Create the Secondary Elastic IP address resource using the allocated IP address created in Step 1.

   # pcs resource create elastic awseip elastic_ip=_Elastic-IP-Address_allocation_id=_Elastic-IP-Association-ID_ --group networking-group

   Example:

   # pcs resource create elastic awseip elastic_ip=35.169.153.122 allocation_id=eipalloc-4c4a2c45 --group networking-group

Procedure

1. Launch an SSH session from your local workstation to the elastic IP address previously created.

   $ ssh -l ec2-user -i ~/.ssh/<KeyName>.pem elastic-IP

   Example:

   $ ssh -l ec2-user -i ~/.ssh/cluster-admin.pem 35.169.153.122

2. Verify that the host you connected to via SSH is the host associated with the elastic resource created.

Procedure

1. Create a shared block volume using the AWS command create-volume.

   $ aws ec2 create-volume --availability-zone availability_zone --no-encrypted --size 1024 --volume-type io1 --iops 51200 --multi-attach-enabled

   For example, the following command creates a volume in the us-east-1a availability zone.

   $ aws ec2 create-volume --availability-zone us-east-1a --no-encrypted --size 1024 --volume-type io1 --iops 51200 --multi-attach-enabled
   
   {
       "AvailabilityZone": "us-east-1a",
       "CreateTime": "2020-08-27T19:16:42.000Z",
       "Encrypted": false,
       "Size": 1024,
       "SnapshotId": "",
       "State": "creating",
       "VolumeId": "vol-042a5652867304f09",
       "Iops": 51200,
       "Tags": [ ],
       "VolumeType": "io1"
   }

   Note

   You need the VolumeId in the next step.

2. For each instance in your cluster, attach a shared block volume using the AWS command attach-volume. Use your <instance_id> and <volume_id>.

   $ aws ec2 attach-volume --device /dev/xvdd --instance-id instance_id --volume-id volume_id

   For example, the following command attaches a shared block volume vol-042a5652867304f09 to instance i-0eb803361c2c887f2.

   $ aws ec2 attach-volume --device /dev/xvdd --instance-id i-0eb803361c2c887f2 --volume-id vol-042a5652867304f09
   
   {
       "AttachTime": "2020-08-27T19:26:16.086Z",
       "Device": "/dev/xvdd",
       "InstanceId": "i-0eb803361c2c887f2",
       "State": "attaching",
       "VolumeId": "vol-042a5652867304f09"
   }

Verification steps

1. For each instance in your cluster, verify that the block device is available by using the SSH command with your instance <ip_address>.

   # ssh <ip_address> "hostname ; lsblk -d | grep ' 1T '"

   For example, the following command lists details including the host name and block device for the instance IP 198.51.100.3.

   # ssh 198.51.100.3 "hostname ; lsblk -d | grep ' 1T '"
   
   nodea
   nvme2n1 259:1    0   1T  0 disk

2. Use the ssh command to verify that each instance in your cluster uses the same shared disk.

   # ssh ip_address "hostname ; lsblk -d | grep ' 1T ' | awk '{print \$1}' | xargs -i udevadm info --query=all --name=/dev/{} | grep '^E: ID_SERIAL='"

   For example, the following command lists details including the host name and shared disk volume ID for the instance IP address 198.51.100.3.

    # ssh 198.51.100.3 "hostname ; lsblk -d | grep ' 1T ' | awk '{print \$1}' | xargs -i udevadm info --query=all --name=/dev/{} | grep '^E: ID_SERIAL='"
   
   nodea
   E: ID_SERIAL=Amazon Elastic Block Store_vol0fa5342e7aedf09f7