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Installation Guide

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Red Hat Ceph Storage 5

Installing Red Hat Ceph Storage on Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Red Hat Ceph Storage Documentation Team

Abstract

This document provides instructions on installing Red Hat Ceph Storage on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 running on AMD64 and Intel 64 architectures.
Red Hat is committed to replacing problematic language in our code, documentation, and web properties. We are beginning with these four terms: master, slave, blacklist, and whitelist. Because of the enormity of this endeavor, these changes will be implemented gradually over several upcoming releases. For more details, see our CTO Chris Wright's message.

Chapter 1. Red Hat Ceph Storage

Red Hat Ceph Storage is a scalable, open, software-defined storage platform that combines an enterprise-hardened version of the Ceph storage system, with a Ceph management platform, deployment utilities, and support services.

Red Hat Ceph Storage is designed for cloud infrastructure and web-scale object storage. Red Hat Ceph Storage clusters consist of the following types of nodes:

Ceph Monitor

Each Ceph Monitor node runs the ceph-mon daemon, which maintains a master copy of the storage cluster map. The storage cluster map includes the storage cluster topology. A client connecting to the Ceph storage cluster retrieves the current copy of the storage cluster map from the Ceph Monitor, which enables the client to read from and write data to the storage cluster.

Important

The storage cluster can run with only one Ceph Monitor; however, to ensure high availability in a production storage cluster, Red Hat will only support deployments with at least three Ceph Monitor nodes. Red Hat recommends deploying a total of 5 Ceph Monitors for storage clusters exceeding 750 Ceph OSDs.

Ceph Manager

The Ceph Manager daemon, ceph-mgr, co-exists with the Ceph Monitor daemons running on Ceph Monitor nodes to provide additional services. The Ceph Manager provides an interface for other monitoring and management systems using Ceph Manager modules. Running the Ceph Manager daemons is a requirement for normal storage cluster operations.

Ceph OSD

Each Ceph Object Storage Device (OSD) node runs the ceph-osd daemon, which interacts with logical disks attached to the node. The storage cluster stores data on these Ceph OSD nodes.

Ceph can run with very few OSD nodes, of which the default is three, but production storage clusters realize better performance beginning at modest scales. For example, 50 Ceph OSDs in a storage cluster. Ideally, a Ceph storage cluster has multiple OSD nodes, allowing for the possibility to isolate failure domains by configuring the CRUSH map accordingly.

Ceph MDS

Each Ceph Metadata Server (MDS) node runs the ceph-mds daemon, which manages metadata related to files stored on the Ceph File System (CephFS). The Ceph MDS daemon also coordinates access to the shared storage cluster.

Ceph Object Gateway

Ceph Object Gateway node runs the ceph-radosgw daemon, and is an object storage interface built on top of librados to provide applications with a RESTful access point to the Ceph storage cluster. The Ceph Object Gateway supports two interfaces:

  • S3

    Provides object storage functionality with an interface that is compatible with a large subset of the Amazon S3 RESTful API.

  • Swift

    Provides object storage functionality with an interface that is compatible with a large subset of the OpenStack Swift API.

Additional Resources

Chapter 2. Red Hat Ceph Storage considerations and recommendations

As a storage administrator, you can have a basic understanding about what things to consider before running a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster. Understanding such things as, the hardware and network requirements, understanding what type of workloads work well with a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster, along with Red Hat’s recommendations. Red Hat Ceph Storage can be used for different workloads based on a particular business need or set of requirements. Doing the necessary planning before installing a Red Hat Ceph Storage is critical to the success of running a Ceph storage cluster efficiently and achieving the business requirements.

Note

Want help with planning a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster for a specific use case? Contact your Red Hat representative for assistance.

2.1. Prerequisites

  • Time to understand, consider, and plan a storage solution.

2.2. Basic Red Hat Ceph Storage considerations

The first consideration for using Red Hat Ceph Storage is developing a storage strategy for the data. A storage strategy is a method of storing data that serves a particular use case. If you need to store volumes and images for a cloud platform like OpenStack, you can choose to store data on faster Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) drives with Solid State Drives (SSD) for journals. By contrast, if you need to store object data for an S3- or Swift-compliant gateway, you can choose to use something more economical, like traditional Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) drives. Red Hat Ceph Storage can accommodate both scenarios in the same storage cluster, but you need a means of providing the fast storage strategy to the cloud platform, and a means of providing more traditional storage for your object store.

One of the most important steps in a successful Ceph deployment is identifying a price-to-performance profile suitable for the storage cluster’s use case and workload. It is important to choose the right hardware for the use case. For example, choosing IOPS-optimized hardware for a cold storage application increases hardware costs unnecessarily. Whereas, choosing capacity-optimized hardware for its more attractive price point in an IOPS-intensive workload will likely lead to unhappy users complaining about slow performance.

Red Hat Ceph Storage can support multiple storage strategies. Use cases, cost versus benefit performance tradeoffs, and data durability are the primary considerations that help develop a sound storage strategy.

Use Cases

Ceph provides massive storage capacity, and it supports numerous use cases, such as:

  • The Ceph Block Device client is a leading storage backend for cloud platforms that provides limitless storage for volumes and images with high performance features like copy-on-write cloning.
  • The Ceph Object Gateway client is a leading storage backend for cloud platforms that provides a RESTful S3-compliant and Swift-compliant object storage for objects like audio, bitmap, video, and other data.
  • The Ceph File System for traditional file storage.

Cost vs. Benefit of Performance

Faster is better. Bigger is better. High durability is better. However, there is a price for each superlative quality, and a corresponding cost versus benefit tradeoff. Consider the following use cases from a performance perspective: SSDs can provide very fast storage for relatively small amounts of data and journaling. Storing a database or object index can benefit from a pool of very fast SSDs, but proves too expensive for other data. SAS drives with SSD journaling provide fast performance at an economical price for volumes and images. SATA drives without SSD journaling provide cheap storage with lower overall performance. When you create a CRUSH hierarchy of OSDs, you need to consider the use case and an acceptable cost versus performance tradeoff.

Data Durability

In large scale storage clusters, hardware failure is an expectation, not an exception. However, data loss and service interruption remain unacceptable. For this reason, data durability is very important. Ceph addresses data durability with multiple replica copies of an object or with erasure coding and multiple coding chunks. Multiple copies or multiple coding chunks present an additional cost versus benefit tradeoff: it is cheaper to store fewer copies or coding chunks, but it can lead to the inability to service write requests in a degraded state. Generally, one object with two additional copies, or two coding chunks can allow a storage cluster to service writes in a degraded state while the storage cluster recovers.

Replication stores one or more redundant copies of the data across failure domains in case of a hardware failure. However, redundant copies of data can become expensive at scale. For example, to store 1 petabyte of data with triple replication would require a cluster with at least 3 petabytes of storage capacity.

Erasure coding stores data as data chunks and coding chunks. In the event of a lost data chunk, erasure coding can recover the lost data chunk with the remaining data chunks and coding chunks. Erasure coding is substantially more economical than replication. For example, using erasure coding with 8 data chunks and 3 coding chunks provides the same redundancy as 3 copies of the data. However, such an encoding scheme uses approximately 1.5x the initial data stored compared to 3x with replication.

The CRUSH algorithm aids this process by ensuring that Ceph stores additional copies or coding chunks in different locations within the storage cluster. This ensures that the failure of a single storage device or host does not lead to a loss of all of the copies or coding chunks necessary to preclude data loss. You can plan a storage strategy with cost versus benefit tradeoffs, and data durability in mind, then present it to a Ceph client as a storage pool.

Important

ONLY the data storage pool can use erasure coding. Pools storing service data and bucket indexes use replication.

Important

Ceph’s object copies or coding chunks make RAID solutions obsolete. Do not use RAID, because Ceph already handles data durability, a degraded RAID has a negative impact on performance, and recovering data using RAID is substantially slower than using deep copies or erasure coding chunks.

Additional Resources

2.3. Red Hat Ceph Storage workload considerations

One of the key benefits of a Ceph storage cluster is the ability to support different types of workloads within the same storage cluster using performance domains. Different hardware configurations can be associated with each performance domain. Storage administrators can deploy storage pools on the appropriate performance domain, providing applications with storage tailored to specific performance and cost profiles. Selecting appropriately sized and optimized servers for these performance domains is an essential aspect of designing a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.

To the Ceph client interface that reads and writes data, a Ceph storage cluster appears as a simple pool where the client stores data. However, the storage cluster performs many complex operations in a manner that is completely transparent to the client interface. Ceph clients and Ceph object storage daemons, referred to as Ceph OSDs, or simply OSDs, both use the Controlled Replication Under Scalable Hashing (CRUSH) algorithm for the storage and retrieval of objects. Ceph OSDs can run in containers within the storage cluster.

A CRUSH map describes a topography of cluster resources, and the map exists both on client hosts as well as Ceph Monitor hosts within the cluster. Ceph clients and Ceph OSDs both use the CRUSH map and the CRUSH algorithm. Ceph clients communicate directly with OSDs, eliminating a centralized object lookup and a potential performance bottleneck. With awareness of the CRUSH map and communication with their peers, OSDs can handle replication, backfilling, and recovery—allowing for dynamic failure recovery.

Ceph uses the CRUSH map to implement failure domains. Ceph also uses the CRUSH map to implement performance domains, which simply take the performance profile of the underlying hardware into consideration. The CRUSH map describes how Ceph stores data, and it is implemented as a simple hierarchy, specifically an acyclic graph, and a ruleset. The CRUSH map can support multiple hierarchies to separate one type of hardware performance profile from another. Ceph implements performance domains with device "classes".

For example, you can have these performance domains coexisting in the same Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster:

  • Hard disk drives (HDDs) are typically appropriate for cost and capacity-focused workloads.
  • Throughput-sensitive workloads typically use HDDs with Ceph write journals on solid state drives (SSDs).
  • IOPS-intensive workloads, such as MySQL and MariaDB, often use SSDs.

Figure 2.1. Performance and Failure Domains

Performance and Failure Domains

Workloads

Red Hat Ceph Storage is optimized for three primary workloads.

Important

Carefully consider the workload being run by Red Hat Ceph Storage clusters BEFORE considering what hardware to purchase, because it can significantly impact the price and performance of the storage cluster. For example, if the workload is capacity-optimized and the hardware is better suited to a throughput-optimized workload, then hardware will be more expensive than necessary. Conversely, if the workload is throughput-optimized and the hardware is better suited to a capacity-optimized workload, then the storage cluster can suffer from poor performance.

  • IOPS optimized: Input, output per second (IOPS) optimization deployments are suitable for cloud computing operations, such as running MYSQL or MariaDB instances as virtual machines on OpenStack. IOPS optimized deployments require higher performance storage such as 15k RPM SAS drives and separate SSD journals to handle frequent write operations. Some high IOPS scenarios use all flash storage to improve IOPS and total throughput.

    An IOPS-optimized storage cluster has the following properties:

    • Lowest cost per IOPS.
    • Highest IOPS per GB.
    • 99th percentile latency consistency.

    Uses for an IOPS-optimized storage cluster are:

    • Typically block storage.
    • 3x replication for hard disk drives (HDDs) or 2x replication for solid state drives (SSDs).
    • MySQL on OpenStack clouds.
  • Throughput optimized: Throughput-optimized deployments are suitable for serving up significant amounts of data, such as graphic, audio, and video content. Throughput-optimized deployments require high bandwidth networking hardware, controllers, and hard disk drives with fast sequential read and write characteristics. If fast data access is a requirement, then use a throughput-optimized storage strategy. Also, if fast write performance is a requirement, using Solid State Disks (SSD) for journals will substantially improve write performance.

    A throughput-optimized storage cluster has the following properties:

    • Lowest cost per MBps (throughput).
    • Highest MBps per TB.
    • Highest MBps per BTU.
    • Highest MBps per Watt.
    • 97th percentile latency consistency.

    Uses for a throughput-optimized storage cluster are:

    • Block or object storage.
    • 3x replication.
    • Active performance storage for video, audio, and images.
    • Streaming media, such as 4k video.
  • Capacity optimized: Capacity-optimized deployments are suitable for storing significant amounts of data as inexpensively as possible. Capacity-optimized deployments typically trade performance for a more attractive price point. For example, capacity-optimized deployments often use slower and less expensive SATA drives and co-locate journals rather than using SSDs for journaling.

    A cost and capacity-optimized storage cluster has the following properties:

    • Lowest cost per TB.
    • Lowest BTU per TB.
    • Lowest Watts required per TB.

    Uses for a cost and capacity-optimized storage cluster are:

    • Typically object storage.
    • Erasure coding for maximizing usable capacity
    • Object archive.
    • Video, audio, and image object repositories.

2.4. Network considerations for Red Hat Ceph Storage

An important aspect of a cloud storage solution is that storage clusters can run out of IOPS due to network latency, and other factors. Also, the storage cluster can run out of throughput due to bandwidth constraints long before the storage clusters run out of storage capacity. This means that the network hardware configuration must support the chosen workloads to meet price versus performance requirements.

Storage administrators prefer that a storage cluster recovers as quickly as possible. Carefully consider bandwidth requirements for the storage cluster network, be mindful of network link oversubscription, and segregate the intra-cluster traffic from the client-to-cluster traffic. Also consider that network performance is increasingly important when considering the use of Solid State Disks (SSD), flash, NVMe, and other high performing storage devices.

Ceph supports a public network and a storage cluster network. The public network handles client traffic and communication with Ceph Monitors. The storage cluster network handles Ceph OSD heartbeats, replication, backfilling, and recovery traffic. At a minimum, a single 10 Gb/s Ethernet link should be used for storage hardware, and you can add additional 10 Gb/s Ethernet links for connectivity and throughput.

Important

Red Hat recommends allocating bandwidth to the storage cluster network, such that it is a multiple of the public network using the osd_pool_default_size as the basis for the multiple on replicated pools. Red Hat also recommends running the public and storage cluster networks on separate network cards.

Important

Red Hat recommends using 10 Gb/s Ethernet for Red Hat Ceph Storage deployments in production. A 1 Gb/s Ethernet network is not suitable for production storage clusters.

In the case of a drive failure, replicating 1 TB of data across a 1 Gb/s network takes 3 hours and replicating 10 TB across a 1 Gb/s network takes 30 hours. Using 10 TB is the typical drive configuration. By contrast, with a 10 Gb/s Ethernet network, the replication times would be 20 minutes for 1 TB and 1 hour for 10 TB. Remember that when a Ceph OSD fails, the storage cluster recovers by replicating the data it contained to other OSDs within the same failure domain and device class as the failed OSD.

The failure of a larger domain such as a rack means that the storage cluster utilizes considerably more bandwidth. When building a storage cluster consisting of multiple racks, which is common for large storage implementations, consider utilizing as much network bandwidth between switches in a "fat tree" design for optimal performance. A typical 10 Gb/s Ethernet switch has 48 10 Gb/s ports and four 40 Gb/s ports. Use the 40 Gb/s ports on the spine for maximum throughput. Alternatively, consider aggregating unused 10 Gb/s ports with QSFP+ and SFP+ cables into more 40 Gb/s ports to connect to other rack and spine routers. Also, consider using LACP mode 4 to bond network interfaces. Additionally, use jumbo frames, with a maximum transmission unit (MTU) of 9000, especially on the backend or cluster network.

Before installing and testing a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster, verify the network throughput. Most performance-related problems in Ceph usually begin with a networking issue. Simple network issues like a kinked or bent Cat-6 cable could result in degraded bandwidth. Use a minimum of 10 Gb/s ethernet for the front side network. For large clusters, consider using 40 Gb/s ethernet for the backend or cluster network.

Important

For network optimization, Red Hat recommends using jumbo frames for a better CPU per bandwidth ratio, and a non-blocking network switch back-plane. Red Hat Ceph Storage requires the same MTU value throughout all networking devices in the communication path, end-to-end for both public and cluster networks. Verify that the MTU value is the same on all hosts and networking equipment in the environment before using a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster in production.

Additional Resources

2.5. Considerations for using a RAID controller with OSD hosts

Optionally, you can consider using a RAID controller on the OSD hosts. Here are some things to consider:

  • If an OSD host has a RAID controller with 1-2 Gb of cache installed, enabling the write-back cache might result in increased small I/O write throughput. However, the cache must be non-volatile.
  • Most modern RAID controllers have super capacitors that provide enough power to drain volatile memory to non-volatile NAND memory during a power-loss event. It is important to understand how a particular controller and its firmware behave after power is restored.
  • Some RAID controllers require manual intervention. Hard drives typically advertise to the operating system whether their disk caches should be enabled or disabled by default. However, certain RAID controllers and some firmware do not provide such information. Verify that disk level caches are disabled to avoid file system corruption.
  • Create a single RAID 0 volume with write-back for each Ceph OSD data drive with write-back cache enabled.
  • If Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) or SATA connected Solid-state Drive (SSD) disks are also present on the RAID controller, then investigate whether the controller and firmware support pass-through mode. Enabling pass-through mode helps avoid caching logic, and generally results in much lower latency for fast media.

2.6. Tuning considerations for the Linux kernel when running Ceph

Production Red Hat Ceph Storage clusters generally benefit from tuning the operating system, specifically around limits and memory allocation. Ensure that adjustments are set for all hosts within the storage cluster. You can also open a case with Red Hat support asking for additional guidance.

Increase the File Descriptors

The Ceph Object Gateway can hang if it runs out of file descriptors. You can modify the /etc/security/limits.conf file on Ceph Object Gateway hosts to increase the file descriptors for the Ceph Object Gateway.

ceph       soft    nofile     unlimited

Adjusting the ulimit value for Large Storage Clusters

When running Ceph administrative commands on large storage clusters, ​for example, with 1024 Ceph OSDs or more, ​create an /etc/security/limits.d/50-ceph.conf file on each host that runs administrative commands with the following contents:

USER_NAME       soft    nproc     unlimited

Replace USER_NAME with the name of the non-root user account that runs the Ceph administrative commands.

Note

The root user’s ulimit value is already set to unlimited by default on Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

2.7. How colocation works and its advantages

You can colocate containerized Ceph daemons on the same host. Here are the advantages of colocating some of Ceph’s services:

  • Significant improvement in total cost of ownership (TCO) at small scale
  • Reduction from six hosts to three for the minimum configuration
  • Easier upgrade
  • Better resource isolation
How Colocation Works

With the help of the Cephadm orchestrator, you can colocate one daemon from the following list with one or more OSD daemons (ceph-osd):

  • Ceph Monitor (ceph-mon) and Ceph Manager (ceph-mgr) daemons
  • NFS Ganesha (nfs-ganesha) for Ceph Object Gateway (nfs-ganesha)
  • RBD Mirror (rbd-mirror)
  • Observability Stack (Grafana)

Additionally, for Ceph Object Gateway (radosgw) (RGW) and Ceph File System (ceph-mds), you can colocate either with an OSD daemon plus a daemon from the above list, excluding RBD mirror.

Note

Collocating two of the same kind of daemons on a given node is not supported.

Note

Because ceph-mon and ceph-mgr work together closely they do not count as two separate daemons for the purposes of colocation.

Note

Red Hat recommends colocating the Ceph Object Gateway with Ceph OSD containers to increase performance.

With the colocation rules shared above, we have the following minimum clusters sizes that comply with these rules:

Example 1

  1. Media: Full flash systems (SSDs)
  2. Use case: Block (RBD) and File (CephFS), or Object (Ceph Object Gateway)
  3. Number of nodes: 3
  4. Replication scheme: 2
HostDaemonDaemonDaemon

host1

OSD

Monitor/Manager

Grafana

host2

OSD

Monitor/Manager

RGW or CephFS

host3

OSD

Monitor/Manager

RGW or CephFS

Note

The minimum size for a storage cluster with three replicas is four nodes. Similarly, the size of a storage cluster with two replicas is a three node cluster. It is a requirement to have a certain number of nodes for the replication factor with an extra node in the cluster to avoid extended periods with the cluster in a degraded state.

Figure 2.2. Colocated Daemons Example 1

Colocated Daemons Example 1

Example 2

  1. Media: Full flash systems (SSDs) or spinning devices (HDDs)
  2. Use case: Block (RBD), File (CephFS), and Object (Ceph Object Gateway)
  3. Number of nodes: 4
  4. Replication scheme: 3
HostDaemonDaemonDaemon

host1

OSD

Grafana

CephFS

host2

OSD

Monitor/Manager

RGW

host3

OSD

Monitor/Manager

RGW

host4

OSD

Monitor/Manager

CephFS

Figure 2.3. Colocated Daemons Example 2

Colocated Daemons Example 2

Example 3

  1. Media: Full flash systems (SSDs) or spinning devices (HDDs)
  2. Use case: Block (RBD), Object (Ceph Object Gateway), and NFS for Ceph Object Gateway
  3. Number of nodes: 4
  4. Replication scheme: 3
HostDaemonDaemonDaemon

host1

OSD

Grafana

 

host2

OSD

Monitor/Manager

RGW

host3

OSD

Monitor/Manager

RGW

host4

OSD

Monitor/Manager

NFS (RGW)

Figure 2.4. Colocated Daemons Example 3

Colocated Daemons Example 3

The diagrams below shows the differences between storage clusters with colocated and non-colocated daemons.

Figure 2.5. Colocated Daemons

Colocated Daemons

Figure 2.6. Non-colocated Daemons

Non-colocated Daemons

2.8. Operating system requirements for Red Hat Ceph Storage

Red Hat Enterprise Linux entitlements are included in the Red Hat Ceph Storage subscription.

The release of Red Hat Ceph Storage 5 is supported on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 EUS or later.

Red Hat Ceph Storage 5 is supported on container-based deployments only.

Use the same operating system version, architecture, and deployment type across all nodes. For example, do not use a mixture of nodes with both AMD64 and Intel 64 architectures, a mixture of nodes with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 operating systems, or a mixture of nodes with container-based deployments.

Important

Red Hat does not support clusters with heterogeneous architectures, operating system versions, or deployment types.

SELinux

By default, SELinux is set to Enforcing mode and the ceph-selinux packages are installed. For additional information on SELinux, see the Data Security and Hardening Guide, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Using SELinux Guide.

Additional Resources

2.9. Minimum hardware considerations for Red Hat Ceph Storage

Red Hat Ceph Storage can run on non-proprietary commodity hardware. Small production clusters and development clusters can run without performance optimization with modest hardware.

Note

Disk space requirements are based on the Ceph daemons' default path under /var/lib/ceph/ directory.

Table 2.1. Containers
ProcessCriteriaMinimum Recommended

ceph-osd-container

Processor

1x AMD64 or Intel 64 CPU CORE per OSD container.

RAM

Minimum of 5 GB of RAM per OSD container.

Number of nodes

Minimum of 3 nodes required.

OS Disk

1x OS disk per host.

OSD Storage

1x storage drive per OSD container. Cannot be shared with OS Disk.

block.db

Optional, but Red Hat recommended, 1x SSD or NVMe or Optane partition or lvm per daemon. Sizing is 4% of block.data for BlueStore for object, file and mixed workloads and 1% of block.data for the BlueStore for Block Device, Openstack cinder, and Openstack cinder workloads.

block.wal

Optionally, 1x SSD or NVMe or Optane partition or logical volume per daemon. Use a small size, for example 10 GB, and only if it’s faster than the block.db device.

Network

2x 10 GB Ethernet NICs

ceph-mon-container

Processor

1x AMD64 or Intel 64 CPU CORE per mon-container

RAM

3 GB per mon-container

Disk Space

10 GB per mon-container, 50 GB Recommended

Monitor Disk

Optionally, 1x SSD disk for Monitor rocksdb data

Network

2x 1 GB Ethernet NICs, 10 GB Recommended

Prometheus

20 GB to 50 GB under /var/lib/ceph/ directory created as a separate file system to protect the contents under /var/ directory.

ceph-mgr-container

Processor

1x AMD64 or Intel 64 CPU CORE per mgr-container

RAM

3 GB per mgr-container

Network

2x 1 GB Ethernet NICs, 10 GB Recommended

ceph-radosgw-container

Processor

1x AMD64 or Intel 64 CPU CORE per radosgw-container

RAM

1 GB per daemon

Disk Space

5 GB per daemon

Network

1x 1 GB Ethernet NICs

ceph-mds-container

Processor

1x AMD64 or Intel 64 CPU CORE per mds-container

RAM

3 GB per mds-container

This number is highly dependent on the configurable MDS cache size. The RAM requirement is typically twice as much as the amount set in the mds_cache_memory_limit configuration setting. Note also that this is the memory for your daemon, not the overall system memory.

Disk Space

2 GB per mds-container, plus taking into consideration any additional space required for possible debug logging, 20GB is a good start.

2.10. Additional Resources

Chapter 3. Red Hat Ceph Storage installation

As a storage administrator, you can use the cephadm utility to deploy new Red Hat Ceph Storage clusters.

The cephadm utility manages the entire life cycle of a Ceph cluster. Installation and management tasks comprise two types of operations:

  • Day One operations involve installing and bootstrapping a bare-minimum, containerized Ceph storage cluster, running on a single node. Day One also includes deploying the Monitor and Manager daemons and adding Ceph OSDs.
  • Day Two operations use the Ceph orchestration interface, cephadm orch, or the Red Hat Ceph Storage Dashboard to expand the storage cluster by adding other Ceph services to the storage cluster.

3.1. Prerequisites

  • At least one running virtual machine (VM) or bare-metal server with an active internet connection.
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 EUS or later.
  • Ansible 2.9 or later.
  • A valid Red Hat subscription with the appropriate entitlements.
  • Root-level access to all nodes.
  • An active Red Hat Network (RHN) or service account to access the Red Hat Registry.
  • Remove troubling configurations in iptables so that refresh of iptables services does not cause issues to the cluster. For an example, refer to the Verifying firewall rules are configured for default Ceph ports section of the Red Hat Ceph Storage Configuration Guide.

3.2. The cephadm utility

The cephadm utility deploys and manages a Ceph storage cluster. It is tightly integrated with both the command-line interface (CLI) and the Red Hat Ceph Storage Dashboard web interface, so that you can manage storage clusters from either environment. cephadm uses SSH to connect to hosts from the manager daemon to add, remove, or update Ceph daemon containers. It does not rely on external configuration or orchestration tools such as Ansible or Rook.

Note

The cephadm utility is available after running the preflight playbook on a host.

The cephadm utility consists of two main components:

  • The cephadm shell.
  • The cephadm orchestrator.

The cephadm shell

The cephadm shell launches a bash shell within a container. This enables you to perform “Day One” cluster setup tasks, such as installation and bootstrapping, and to invoke ceph commands.

There are two ways to invoke the cephadm shell:

  • Enter cephadm shell at the system prompt:

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# cephadm shell
    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph -s

  • At the system prompt, type cephadm shell and the command you want to execute:

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# cephadm shell ceph -s

Note

If the node contains configuration and keyring files in /etc/ceph/, the container environment uses the values in those files as defaults for the cephadm shell. However, if you execute the cephadm shell on a Ceph Monitor node, the cephadm shell inherits its default configuration from the Ceph Monitor container, instead of using the default configuration.

The cephadm orchestrator

The cephadm orchestrator enables you to perform “Day Two” Ceph functions, such as expanding the storage cluster and provisioning Ceph daemons and services. You can use the cephadm orchestrator through either the command-line interface (CLI) or the web-based Red Hat Ceph Storage Dashboard. Orchestrator commands take the form ceph orch.

The cephadm script interacts with the Ceph orchestration module used by the Ceph Manager.

3.3. How cephadm works

The cephadm command manages the full lifecycle of a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster. The cephadm command can perform the following operations:

  • Bootstrap a new Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
  • Launch a containerized shell that works with the Red Hat Ceph Storage command-line interface (CLI).
  • Aid in debugging containerized daemons.

The cephadm command uses ssh to communicate with the nodes in the storage cluster. This allows you to add, remove, or update Red Hat Ceph Storage containers without using external tools. Generate the ssh key pair during the bootstrapping process, or use your own ssh key.

The cephadm bootstrapping process creates a small storage cluster on a single node, consisting of one Ceph Monitor and one Ceph Manager, as well as any required dependencies. You then use the orchestrator CLI or the Red Hat Ceph Storage Dashboard to expand the storage cluster to include nodes, and to provision all of the Red Hat Ceph Storage daemons and services. You can perform management functions through the CLI or from the Red Hat Ceph Storage Dashboard web interface.

Note

The cephadm utility is a new feature in Red Hat Ceph Storage 5. It does not support older versions of Red Hat Ceph Storage.

Ceph storage cluster deployment

3.4. The cephadm-ansible playbooks

The cephadm-ansible package is a collection of Ansible playbooks to simplify workflows that are not covered by cephadm. After installation, the playbooks are located in /usr/share/cephadm-ansible/.

Important

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 and later does not support the cephadm-ansible playbook.

The cephadm-ansbile package includes the following playbooks:

  • cephadm-preflight.yml
  • cephadm-clients.yml
  • cephadm-purge-cluster.yml

The cephadm-preflight playbook

Use the cephadm-preflight playbook to initially setup hosts before bootstrapping the storage cluster and before adding new nodes or clients to your storage cluster. This playbook configures the Ceph repository and installs some prerequisites such as podman, lvm2, chronyd, and cephadm.

The cephadm-clients playbook

Use the cephadm-clients playbook to set up client hosts. This playbook handles the distribution of configuration and keyring files to a group of Ceph clients.

The cephadm-purge-cluster playbook

Use the cephadm-purge-cluster playbook to remove a Ceph cluster. This playbook purges a Ceph cluster managed with cephadm.

Additional Resources

3.5. Registering the Red Hat Ceph Storage nodes to the CDN and attaching subscriptions

Red Hat Ceph Storage 5 is supported on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 EUS or later.

Prerequisites

  • At least one running virtual machine (VM) or bare-metal server with an active internet connection.
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 EUS or later.
  • A valid Red Hat subscription with the appropriate entitlements.
  • Root-level access to all nodes.

Procedure

  1. Register the node, and when prompted, enter your Red Hat Customer Portal credentials:

    Syntax

    subscription-manager register

  2. Pull the latest subscription data from the CDN:

    Syntax

    subscription-manager refresh

  3. List all available subscriptions for Red Hat Ceph Storage:

    Syntax

    subscription-manager list --available --matches 'Red Hat Ceph Storage'

  4. Identify the appropriate subscription and retrieve its Pool ID.
  5. Attach a pool ID to gain access to the software entitlements. Use the Pool ID you identified in the previous step.

    Syntax

    subscription-manager attach --pool=POOL_ID

  6. Disable the default software repositories, and then enable the server and the extras repositories on the respective version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux:

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

    subscription-manager repos --disable=*
    subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-8-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms
    subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rpms

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9

    subscription-manager repos --disable=*
    subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-9-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms
    subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-9-for-x86_64-appstream-rpms

  7. Update the system to receive the latest packages for Red Hat Enterprise Linux:

    Syntax

    # dnf update

  8. Subscribe to Red Hat Ceph Storage 5 content. Follow the instructions in How to Register Ceph with Red Hat Satellite 6.
  9. Enable the ceph-tools repository:

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

    subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-5-tools-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9

    subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-5-tools-for-rhel-9-x86_64-rpms

  10. Repeat the above steps on all nodes you are adding to the cluster.
  11. Install cephadm-ansible on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8:

    Example

    dnf install cephadm-ansible

    Important

    Skip this step for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 as cephadm-ansible is not supported.

3.6. Configuring Ansible inventory location

You can configure inventory location files for the cephadm-ansible staging and production environments. The Ansible inventory hosts file contains all the hosts that are part of the storage cluster. You can list nodes individually in the inventory hosts file or you can create groups such as [mons],[osds], and [rgws] to provide clarity to your inventory and ease the usage of the --limit option to target a group or node when running a playbook.

Note

If deploying clients, client nodes must be defined in a dedicated [clients] group.

Important

Skip these steps for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 as cephadm-ansible is not supported.

Prerequisites

  • An Ansible administration node.
  • Root-level access to the Ansible administration node.
  • The cephadm-ansible package is installed on the node.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the /usr/share/cephadm-ansible/ directory:

    [root@admin ~]# cd /usr/share/cephadm-ansible
  2. Optional: Create subdirectories for staging and production:

    [root@admin cephadm-ansible]# mkdir -p inventory/staging inventory/production
  3. Optional: Edit the ansible.cfg file and add the following line to assign a default inventory location:

    [defaults]
    inventory = ./inventory/staging
  4. Optional: Create an inventory hosts file for each environment:

    [root@admin cephadm-ansible]# touch inventory/staging/hosts
    [root@admin cephadm-ansible]# touch inventory/production/hosts
  5. Open and edit each hosts file and add the nodes and [admin] group:

    NODE_NAME_1
    NODE_NAME_2
    
    [admin]
    ADMIN_NODE_NAME_1
    • Replace NODE_NAME_1 and NODE_NAME_2 with the Ceph nodes such as monitors, OSDs, MDSs, and gateway nodes.
    • Replace ADMIN_NODE_NAME_1 with the name of the node where the admin keyring is stored.

      Example

      host02
      host03
      host04
      
      [admin]
      host01

      Note

      If you set the inventory location in the ansible.cfg file to staging, you need to run the playbooks in the staging environment as follows:

      Syntax

      ansible-playbook -i inventory/staging/hosts PLAYBOOK.yml

      To run the playbooks in the production environment:

      Syntax

      ansible-playbook -i inventory/production/hosts PLAYBOOK.yml

3.7. Enabling SSH login as root user on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 does not support SSH login as a root user even if PermitRootLogin parameter is set to yes in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file. You get the following error:

Example

[root@host01 ~]# ssh root@myhostname
root@myhostname password:
Permission denied, please try again.

You can run one of the following methods to enable login as a root user:

  • Use "Allow root SSH login with password" flag while setting the root password during installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.
  • Manually set the PermitRootLogin parameter after Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 installation.

This section describes manual setting of the PermitRootLogin parameter.

Prerequisites

  • Root-level access to all nodes.

Procedure

  1. Open the etc/ssh/sshd_config file and set the PermitRootLogin to yes:

    Example

    [root@admin ~]# echo 'PermitRootLogin yes' >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/01-permitrootlogin.conf

  2. Restart the SSH service:

    Example

    [root@admin ~]# systemctl restart sshd.service

  3. Login to the node as the root user:

    Syntax

    ssh root@HOST_NAME

    Replace HOST_NAME with the host name of the Ceph node.

    Example

    [root@admin ~]# ssh root@host01

    Enter the root password when prompted.

Additional Resources

3.8. Creating an Ansible user with sudo access

You can create an Ansible user with password-less root access on all nodes in the storage cluster to run the cephadm-ansible playbooks. The Ansible user must be able to log into all the Red Hat Ceph Storage nodes as a user that has root privileges to install software and create configuration files without prompting for a password.

Important

If you are a non-root user on a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9, you can follow the steps for this creating the user, else you can skip these steps for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Log in to the node as the root user:

    Syntax

    ssh root@HOST_NAME

    Replace HOST_NAME with the host name of the Ceph node.

    Example

    [root@admin ~]# ssh root@host01

    Enter the root password when prompted.

  2. Create a new Ansible user:

    Syntax

    adduser USER_NAME

    Replace USER_NAME with the new user name for the Ansible user.

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# adduser ceph-admin

    Important

    Do not use ceph as the user name. The ceph user name is reserved for the Ceph daemons. A uniform user name across the cluster can improve ease of use, but avoid using obvious user names, because intruders typically use them for brute-force attacks.

  3. Set a new password for this user:

    Syntax

    passwd USER_NAME

    Replace USER_NAME with the new user name for the Ansible user.

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# passwd ceph-admin

    Enter the new password twice when prompted.

  4. Configure sudo access for the newly created user:

    Syntax

    cat << EOF >/etc/sudoers.d/USER_NAME
    $USER_NAME ALL = (root) NOPASSWD:ALL
    EOF

    Replace USER_NAME with the new user name for the Ansible user.

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# cat << EOF >/etc/sudoers.d/ceph-admin
    ceph-admin ALL = (root) NOPASSWD:ALL
    EOF

  5. Assign the correct file permissions to the new file:

    Syntax

    chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/USER_NAME

    Replace USER_NAME with the new user name for the Ansible user.

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/ceph-admin

  6. Repeat the above steps on all nodes in the storage cluster.

Additional Resources

3.9. Configuring SSH

As a storage administrator, with Cephadm, you can use an SSH key to securely authenticate with remote hosts. The SSH key is stored in the monitor to connect to remote hosts.

Prerequisites

  • An Ansible administration node.
  • Root-level access to the Ansible administration node.
  • The cephadm-ansible package is installed on the node.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the cephadm-ansible directory.
  2. Generate a new SSH key:

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ceph cephadm generate-key

  3. Retrieve the public portion of the SSH key:

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ceph cephadm get-pub-key

  4. Delete the currently stored SSH key:

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ceph cephadm clear-key

  5. Restart the mgr daemon to reload the configuration:

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ceph mgr fail

3.9.1. Configuring a different SSH user

As a storage administrator, you can configure a non-root SSH user who can log into all the Ceph cluster nodes with enough privileges to download container images, start containers, and execute commands without prompting for a password.

Important

Prior to configuring a non-root SSH user, the cluster SSH key needs to be added to the user’s authorized_keys file and non-root users must have passwordless sudo access.

Prerequisites

  • A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
  • An Ansible administration node.
  • Root-level access to the Ansible administration node.
  • The cephadm-ansible package is installed on the node.
  • Add the cluster SSH keys to the user’s authorized_keys.
  • Enable passwordless sudo access for the non-root users.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the cephadm-ansible directory.
  2. Provide Cephadm the name of the user who is going to perform all the Cephadm operations:

    Syntax

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ceph cephadm set-user <user>

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ceph cephadm set-user user

  3. Retrieve the SSH public key.

    Syntax

    ceph cephadm get-pub-key > ~/ceph.pub

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ceph cephadm get-pub-key > ~/ceph.pub

  4. Copy the SSH keys to all the hosts.

    Syntax

    ssh-copy-id -f -i ~/ceph.pub USER@HOST

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ssh-copy-id ceph-admin@host01

3.10. Enabling password-less SSH for Ansible

Generate an SSH key pair on the Ansible administration node and distribute the public key to each node in the storage cluster so that Ansible can access the nodes without being prompted for a password.

Important

If you are a non-root user on a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9, you can follow the steps for this creating the user, else you can skip these steps for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Generate the SSH key pair, accept the default file name and leave the passphrase empty:

    [ceph-admin@admin ~]$ ssh-keygen
  2. Copy the public key to all nodes in the storage cluster:

    ssh-copy-id USER_NAME@HOST_NAME

    Replace USER_NAME with the new user name for the Ansible user. Replace HOST_NAME with the host name of the Ceph node.

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin ~]$ ssh-copy-id ceph-admin@host01

  3. Create the user’s SSH config file:

    [ceph-admin@admin ~]$ touch ~/.ssh/config
  4. Open for editing the config file. Set values for the Hostname and User options for each node in the storage cluster:

    Host host01
       Hostname HOST_NAME
       User USER_NAME
    Host host02
       Hostname HOST_NAME
       User USER_NAME
    ...

    Replace HOST_NAME with the host name of the Ceph node. Replace USER_NAME with the new user name for the Ansible user.

    Example

    Host host01
       Hostname host01
       User ceph-admin
    Host host02
       Hostname host02
       User ceph-admin
    Host host03
       Hostname host03
       User ceph-admin

    Important

    By configuring the ~/.ssh/config file you do not have to specify the -u USER_NAME option each time you execute the ansible-playbook command.

  5. Set the correct file permissions for the ~/.ssh/config file:

    [ceph-admin@admin ~]$ chmod 600 ~/.ssh/config

Additional Resources

3.11. Running the preflight playbook

This Ansible playbook configures the Ceph repository and prepares the storage cluster for bootstrapping. It also installs some prerequisites, such as podman, lvm2, chronyd, and cephadm. The default location for cephadm-ansible and cephadm-preflight.yml is /usr/share/cephadm-ansible.

The preflight playbook uses the cephadm-ansible inventory file to identify all the admin and nodes in the storage cluster.

Important

Skip these steps for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 as cephadm-ansible is not supported.

The default location for the inventory file is /usr/share/cephadm-ansible/hosts. The following example shows the structure of a typical inventory file:

Example

host02
host03
host04

[admin]
host01

The [admin] group in the inventory file contains the name of the node where the admin keyring is stored. On a new storage cluster, the node in the [admin] group will be the bootstrap node. To add additional admin hosts after bootstrapping the cluster see Setting up the admin node in the Installation Guide for more information.

Note

Run the preflight playbook before you bootstrap the initial host.

Important

If you are performing a disconnected installation, see Running the preflight playbook for a disconnected installation.

Prerequisites

  • Root-level access to the Ansible administration node.
  • Ansible user with sudo and passwordless ssh access to all nodes in the storage cluster.

    Note

    In the below example, host01 is the bootstrap node.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the the /usr/share/cephadm-ansible directory.
  2. Open and edit the hosts file and add your nodes:

    Example

    host02
    host03
    host04
    
    [admin]
    host01

  3. Run the preflight playbook:

    Syntax

    ansible-playbook -i INVENTORY_FILE cephadm-preflight.yml --extra-vars "ceph_origin=rhcs"

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts cephadm-preflight.yml --extra-vars "ceph_origin=rhcs"

    After installation is complete, cephadm resides in the /usr/sbin/ directory.

    • Use the --limit option to run the preflight playbook on a selected set of hosts in the storage cluster:

      Syntax

      ansible-playbook -i INVENTORY_FILE cephadm-preflight.yml --extra-vars "ceph_origin=rhcs" --limit GROUP_NAME|NODE_NAME

      Replace GROUP_NAME with a group name from your inventory file. Replace NODE_NAME with a specific node name from your inventory file.

      Note

      Optionally, you can group your nodes in your inventory file by group name such as [mons], [osds], and [mgrs]. However, admin nodes must be added to the [admin] group and clients must be added to the [clients] group.

      Example

      [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts cephadm-preflight.yml --extra-vars "ceph_origin=rhcs" --limit clients
      [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts cephadm-preflight.yml --extra-vars "ceph_origin=rhcs" --limit host01

    • When you run the preflight playbook, cephadm-ansible automatically installs chronyd and ceph-common on the client nodes.

      The preflight playbook installs chronyd but configures it for a single NTP source. If you want to configure multiple sources or if you have a disconnected environment, see the following documentation for more information:

3.12. Bootstrapping a new storage cluster

The cephadm utility performs the following tasks during the bootstrap process:

  • Installs and starts a Ceph Monitor daemon and a Ceph Manager daemon for a new Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster on the local node as containers.
  • Creates the /etc/ceph directory.
  • Writes a copy of the public key to /etc/ceph/ceph.pub for the Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster and adds the SSH key to the root user’s /root/.ssh/authorized_keys file.
  • Applies the _admin label to the bootstrap node.
  • Writes a minimal configuration file needed to communicate with the new cluster to /etc/ceph/ceph.conf.
  • Writes a copy of the client.admin administrative secret key to /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring.
  • Deploys a basic monitoring stack with Prometheus, Grafana, and other tools such as node-exporter and alert-manager.
Important

If you are performing a disconnected installation, see Performing a disconnected installation.

Note

If you have existing Prometheus services that you want to run with the new storage cluster, or if you are running Ceph with Rook, use the --skip-monitoring-stack option with the cephadm bootstrap command. This option bypasses the basic monitoring stack so that you can manually configure it later.

Important

If you are deploying a monitoring stack, see Deploying the monitoring stack using the Ceph Orchestrator in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Operations Guide.

Important

Bootstrapping provides the default user name and password for the initial login to the Dashboard. Bootstrap requires you to change the password after you log in.

Important

Before you begin the bootstrapping process, ensure that the container image that you want to use has the same version of Red Hat Ceph Storage as cephadm. If the two versions do not match, bootstrapping fails at the Creating initial admin user stage.

Note

Before you begin the bootstrapping process, you must create a username and password for the registry.redhat.io container registry. For more information about Red Hat container registry authentication, see the knowledge base article Red Hat Container Registry Authentication

Prerequisites

  • An IP address for the first Ceph Monitor container, which is also the IP address for the first node in the storage cluster.
  • Login access to registry.redhat.io.
  • A minimum of 10 GB of free space for /var/lib/containers/.
  • Root-level access to all nodes.
Note

If the storage cluster includes multiple networks and interfaces, be sure to choose a network that is accessible by any node that uses the storage cluster.

Note

If the local node uses fully-qualified domain names (FQDN), then add the --allow-fqdn-hostname option to cephadm bootstrap on the command line.

Important

Run cephadm bootstrap on the node that you want to be the initial Monitor node in the cluster. The IP_ADDRESS option should be the IP address of the node you are using to run cephadm bootstrap.

Note

If you want to deploy a storage cluster using IPV6 addresses, then use the IPV6 address format for the --mon-ip IP_ADDRESS option. For example: cephadm bootstrap --mon-ip 2620:52:0:880:225:90ff:fefc:2536 --registry-json /etc/mylogin.json.

Important

Configuring Ceph Object Gateway multi-site on Red Hat Ceph Storage 5.1 is not supported due to several open issues. For more information, see the knowledge base article Red Hat Ceph Storage 5.1 does not support multi-site configuration.

Use the --yes-i-know flag while bootstrapping a new Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster to get past the warning about multi-site regressions.

Note

Follow the knowledge base article How to upgrade from Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.2z4 to 5.0z4 with the bootstrapping procedure if you are planning for a new installation of Red Hat Ceph Storage 5.0z4.

Procedure

  • Bootstrap a storage cluster:

    Syntax

    cephadm bootstrap --cluster-network NETWORK_CIDR --mon-ip IP_ADDRESS --registry-url registry.redhat.io --registry-username USER_NAME --registry-password PASSWORD --yes-i-know

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# cephadm bootstrap --cluster-network 10.10.128.0/24 --mon-ip 10.10.128.68 --registry-url registry.redhat.io --registry-username myuser1 --registry-password mypassword1 --yes-i-know

    Note

    If you want internal cluster traffic routed over the public network, you can omit the --cluster-network NETWORK_CIDR option.

    The script takes a few minutes to complete. Once the script completes, it provides the credentials to the Red Hat Ceph Storage Dashboard URL, a command to access the Ceph command-line interface (CLI), and a request to enable telemetry.

    Example

    Ceph Dashboard is now available at:
    
                 URL: https://host01:8443/
                User: admin
            Password: i8nhu7zham
    
    Enabling client.admin keyring and conf on hosts with "admin" label
    You can access the Ceph CLI with:
    
            sudo /usr/sbin/cephadm shell --fsid 266ee7a8-2a05-11eb-b846-5254002d4916 -c /etc/ceph/ceph.conf -k /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring
    
    Please consider enabling telemetry to help improve Ceph:
    
            ceph telemetry on
    
    For more information see:
    
            https://docs.ceph.com/docs/master/mgr/telemetry/
    
    Bootstrap complete.

Additional Resources

3.12.2. Using a JSON file to protect login information

As a storage administrator, you might choose to add login and password information to a JSON file, and then refer to the JSON file for bootstrapping. This protects the login credentials from exposure.

Note

You can also use a JSON file with the cephadm --registry-login command.

Prerequisites

  • An IP address for the first Ceph Monitor container, which is also the IP address for the first node in the storage cluster.
  • Login access to registry.redhat.io.
  • A minimum of 10 GB of free space for /var/lib/containers/.
  • Root-level access to all nodes.

Procedure

  1. Create the JSON file. In this example, the file is named mylogin.json.

    Syntax

    {
     "url":"REGISTRY_URL",
     "username":"USER_NAME",
     "password":"PASSWORD"
    }

    Example

    {
     "url":"registry.redhat.io",
     "username":"myuser1",
     "password":"mypassword1"
    }

  2. Bootstrap a storage cluster:

    Syntax

    cephadm bootstrap --mon-ip IP_ADDRESS --registry-json /etc/mylogin.json

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# cephadm bootstrap --mon-ip 10.10.128.68 --registry-json /etc/mylogin.json

3.12.3. Bootstrapping a storage cluster using a service configuration file

To bootstrap the storage cluster and configure additional hosts and daemons using a service configuration file, use the --apply-spec option with the cephadm bootstrap command. The configuration file is a .yaml file that contains the service type, placement, and designated nodes for services that you want to deploy.

Note

If you want to use a non-default realm or zone for applications such as multi-site, configure your Ceph Object Gateway daemons after you bootstrap the storage cluster, instead of adding them to the configuration file and using the --apply-spec option. This gives you the opportunity to create the realm or zone you need for the Ceph Object Gateway daemons before deploying them. See the Red Hat Ceph Storage Operations Guide for more information.

Note

If deploying a Ceph iSCSI gateway, NFS-Ganesha gateway, or Metadata Server (MDS) service, configure them after bootstrapping the storage cluster.

  • To deploy a Ceph iSCSI gateway or Ceph NFS-Ganesha gateway, you must create a RADOS pool first.
  • To deploy the MDS service, you must create a CephFS volume first.

See the Red Hat Ceph Storage Operations Guide for more information.

Note

Starting with Red Hat Ceph Storage 5.1, if you run the bootstrap command with --apply-spec option, ensure to include the IP address of the bootstrap host in the specification file. This prevents resolving the IP address to loopback address while re-adding the bootstrap host where active Ceph Manager is already running.

If you do not use the --apply spec option during bootstrap and instead use ceph orch apply command with another specification file which includes re-adding the host and contains an active Ceph Manager running, then ensure to explicitly provide the addr field. This is applicable for applying any specification file after bootstrapping.

Prerequisites

  • At least one running virtual machine (VM) or server.
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 EUS or later.
  • Root-level access to all nodes.
  • Login access to registry.redhat.io.
  • Passwordless ssh is set up on all hosts in the storage cluster.
  • cephadm is installed on the node that you want to be the initial Monitor node in the storage cluster.

Procedure

  1. Log in to the bootstrap host.
  2. Create the service configuration .yaml file for your storage cluster. The example file directs cephadm bootstrap to configure the initial host and two additional hosts, and it specifies that OSDs be created on all available disks.

    Example

    service_type: host
    addr: host01
    hostname: host01
    ---
    service_type: host
    addr: host02
    hostname: host02
    ---
    service_type: host
    addr: host03
    hostname: host03
    ---
    service_type: host
    addr: host04
    hostname: host04
    ---
    service_type: mon
    placement:
      host_pattern: "host[0-2]"
    ---
    service_type: osd
    service_id: my_osds
    placement:
      host_pattern: "host[1-3]"
    data_devices:
      all: true

  3. Bootstrap the storage cluster with the --apply-spec option:

    Syntax

    cephadm bootstrap --apply-spec CONFIGURATION_FILE_NAME --mon-ip MONITOR_IP_ADDRESS --ssh-private-key PRIVATE_KEY --ssh-public-key PUBLIC_KEY --registry-url registry.redhat.io --registry-username USER_NAME --registry-password PASSWORD

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# cephadm bootstrap --apply-spec initial-config.yaml --mon-ip 10.10.128.68 --ssh-private-key /home/ceph/.ssh/id_rsa --ssh-public-key /home/ceph/.ssh/id_rsa.pub --registry-url registry.redhat.io --registry-username myuser1 --registry-password mypassword1

    The script takes a few minutes to complete. Once the script completes, it provides the credentials to the Red Hat Ceph Storage Dashboard URL, a command to access the Ceph command-line interface (CLI), and a request to enable telemetry.

  4. Once your storage cluster is up and running, see the Red Hat Ceph Storage Operations Guide for more information about configuring additional daemons and services.

Additional Resources

3.12.4. Bootstrapping the storage cluster as a non-root user

To bootstrap the Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster as a non-root user on the bootstrap node, use the --ssh-user option with the cephadm bootstrap command. --ssh-user specifies a user for SSH connections to cluster nodes.

Non-root users must have passwordless sudo access. See the Creating an Ansible user with sudo access section and Enabling password-less SSH for Ansible_ section for more details.

Prerequisites

  • An IP address for the first Ceph Monitor container, which is also the IP address for the initial Monitor node in the storage cluster.
  • Login access to registry.redhat.io.
  • A minimum of 10 GB of free space for /var/lib/containers/.
  • SSH public and private keys.
  • Passwordless sudo access to the bootstrap node.

Procedure

  1. Change to sudo on the bootstrap node:

    Syntax

    su - SSH_USER_NAME

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# su - ceph
    Last login: Tue Sep 14 12:00:29 EST 2021 on pts/0

  2. Establish the SSH connection to the bootstrap node:

    Example

    [ceph@host01 ~]# ssh host01
    Last login: Tue Sep 14 12:03:29 EST 2021 on pts/0

  3. Optional: Invoke the cephadm bootstrap command.

    Note

    Using private and public keys is optional. If SSH keys have not previously been created, these can be created during this step.

    Include the --ssh-private-key and --ssh-public-key options:

    Syntax

    cephadm bootstrap --ssh-user USER_NAME --mon-ip IP_ADDRESS --ssh-private-key PRIVATE_KEY --ssh-public-key PUBLIC_KEY --registry-url registry.redhat.io --registry-username USER_NAME --registry-password PASSWORD

    Example

    cephadm bootstrap --ssh-user ceph-admin --mon-ip 10.10.128.68 --ssh-private-key /home/ceph/.ssh/id_rsa --ssh-public-key /home/ceph/.ssh/id_rsa.pub --registry-url registry.redhat.io --registry-username myuser1 --registry-password mypassword1

Additional Resources

3.12.5. Bootstrap command options

The cephadm bootstrap command bootstraps a Ceph storage cluster on the local host. It deploys a MON daemon and a MGR daemon on the bootstrap node, automatically deploys the monitoring stack on the local host, and calls ceph orch host add HOSTNAME.

The following table lists the available options for cephadm bootstrap.

cephadm bootstrap optionDescription

--config CONFIG_FILE, -c CONFIG_FILE

CONFIG_FILE is the ceph.conf file to use with the bootstrap command

--cluster-network NETWORK_CIDR

Use the subnet defined by NETWORK_CIDR for internal cluster traffic. This is specified in CIDR notation. For example: 10.10.128.0/24.

--mon-id MON_ID

Bootstraps on the host named MON_ID. Default value is the local host.

--mon-addrv MON_ADDRV

mon IPs (e.g., [v2:localipaddr:3300,v1:localipaddr:6789])

--mon-ip IP_ADDRESS

IP address of the node you are using to run cephadm bootstrap.

--mgr-id MGR_ID

Host ID where a MGR node should be installed. Default: randomly generated.

--fsid FSID

Cluster FSID.

--output-dir OUTPUT_DIR

Use this directory to write config, keyring, and pub key files.

--output-keyring OUTPUT_KEYRING

Use this location to write the keyring file with the new cluster admin and mon keys.

--output-config OUTPUT_CONFIG

Use this location to write the configuration file to connect to the new cluster.

--output-pub-ssh-key OUTPUT_PUB_SSH_KEY

Use this location to write the public SSH key for the cluster.

--skip-ssh

Skip the setup of the ssh key on the local host.

--initial-dashboard-user INITIAL_DASHBOARD_USER

Initial user for the dashboard.

--initial-dashboard-password INITIAL_DASHBOARD_PASSWORD

Initial password for the initial dashboard user.

--ssl-dashboard-port SSL_DASHBOARD_PORT

Port number used to connect with the dashboard using SSL.

--dashboard-key DASHBOARD_KEY

Dashboard key.

--dashboard-crt DASHBOARD_CRT

Dashboard certificate.

--ssh-config SSH_CONFIG

SSH config.

--ssh-private-key SSH_PRIVATE_KEY

SSH private key.

--ssh-public-key SSH_PUBLIC_KEY

SSH public key.

--ssh-user SSH_USER

Sets the user for SSH connections to cluster hosts. Passwordless sudo is needed for non-root users.

--skip-mon-network

Sets mon public_network based on the bootstrap mon ip.

--skip-dashboard

Do not enable the Ceph Dashboard.

--dashboard-password-noupdate

Disable forced dashboard password change.

--no-minimize-config

Do not assimilate and minimize the configuration file.

--skip-ping-check

Do not verify that the mon IP is pingable.

--skip-pull

Do not pull the latest image before bootstrapping.

--skip-firewalld

Do not configure firewalld.

--allow-overwrite

Allow the overwrite of existing –output-* config/keyring/ssh files.

--allow-fqdn-hostname

Allow fully qualified host name.

--skip-prepare-host

Do not prepare host.

--orphan-initial-daemons

Do not create initial mon, mgr, and crash service specs.

--skip-monitoring-stack

Do not automatically provision the monitoring stack] (prometheus, grafana, alertmanager, node-exporter).

--apply-spec APPLY_SPEC

Apply cluster spec file after bootstrap (copy ssh key, add hosts and apply services).

--registry-url REGISTRY_URL

Specifies the URL of the custom registry to log into. For example: registry.redhat.io.

--registry-username REGISTRY_USERNAME

User name of the login account to the custom registry.

--registry-password REGISTRY_PASSWORD

Password of the login account to the custom registry.

--registry-json REGISTRY_JSON

JSON file containing registry login information.

Additional Resources

  • For more information about the --skip-monitoring-stack option, see Adding hosts.
  • For more information about logging into the registry with the registry-json option, see help for the registry-login command.
  • For more information about cephadm options, see help for cephadm.

3.12.6. Configuring a private registry for a disconnected installation

You can use a disconnected installation procedure to install cephadm and bootstrap your storage cluster on a private network. A disconnected installation uses a private registry for installation. Use this procedure when the Red Hat Ceph Storage nodes do NOT have access to the Internet during deployment.

Follow this procedure to set up a secure private registry using authentication and a self-signed certificate. Perform these steps on a node that has both Internet access and access to the local cluster.

Note

Using an insecure registry for production is not recommended.

Prerequisites

  • At least one running virtual machine (VM) or server with an active internet connection.
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 EUS or later.
  • Login access to registry.redhat.io.
  • Root-level access to all nodes.

Procedure

  1. Log in to the node that has access to both the public network and the cluster nodes.
  2. Register the node, and when prompted, enter the appropriate Red Hat Customer Portal credentials:

    Example

    [root@admin ~]# subscription-manager register

  3. Pull the latest subscription data:

    Example

    [root@admin ~]# subscription-manager refresh

  4. List all available subscriptions for Red Hat Ceph Storage:

    Example

    [root@admin ~]# subscription-manager list --available --all --matches="*Ceph*"

    Copy the Pool ID from the list of available subscriptions for Red Hat Ceph Storage.

  5. Attach the subscription to get access to the software entitlements:

    Syntax

    subscription-manager attach --pool=POOL_ID

    Replace POOL_ID with the Pool ID identified in the previous step.

  6. Disable the default software repositories, and enable the server and the extras repositories:

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

    [root@admin ~]# subscription-manager repos --disable=*
    [root@admin ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-8-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms
    [root@admin ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rpms

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9

    [root@admin ~]# subscription-manager repos --disable=*
    [root@admin ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-9-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms
    [root@admin ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-9-for-x86_64-appstream-rpms

  7. Install the podman and httpd-tools packages:

    Example

    [root@admin ~]# dnf install -y podman httpd-tools

  8. Create folders for the private registry:

    Example

    [root@admin ~]# mkdir -p /opt/registry/{auth,certs,data}

    The registry will be stored in /opt/registry and the directories are mounted in the container running the registry.

    • The auth directory stores the htpasswd file the registry uses for authentication.
    • The certs directory stores the certificates the registry uses for authentication.
    • The data directory stores the registry images.
  9. Create credentials for accessing the private registry:

    Syntax

    htpasswd -bBc /opt/registry/auth/htpasswd PRIVATE_REGISTRY_USERNAME PRIVATE_REGISTRY_PASSWORD

    • The b option provides the password from the command line.
    • The B option stores the password using Bcrypt encryption.
    • The c option creates the htpasswd file.
    • Replace PRIVATE_REGISTRY_USERNAME with the username to create for the private registry.
    • Replace PRIVATE_REGISTRY_PASSWORD with the password to create for the private registry username.

      Example

      [root@admin ~]# htpasswd -bBc /opt/registry/auth/htpasswd myregistryusername myregistrypassword1

  10. Create a self-signed certificate:

    Syntax

    openssl req -newkey rsa:4096 -nodes -sha256 -keyout /opt/registry/certs/domain.key -x509 -days 365 -out /opt/registry/certs/domain.crt -addext "subjectAltName = DNS:LOCAL_NODE_FQDN"

    • Replace LOCAL_NODE_FQDN with the fully qualified host name of the private registry node.

      Note

      You will be prompted for the respective options for your certificate. The CN= value is the host name of your node and should be resolvable by DNS or the /etc/hosts file.

      Example

      [root@admin ~]# openssl req -newkey rsa:4096 -nodes -sha256 -keyout /opt/registry/certs/domain.key -x509 -days 365 -out /opt/registry/certs/domain.crt -addext "subjectAltName = DNS:admin.lab.redhat.com"

      Note

      When creating a self-signed certificate, be sure to create a certificate with a proper Subject Alternative Name (SAN). Podman commands that require TLS verification for certificates that do not include a proper SAN, return the following error: x509: certificate relies on legacy Common Name field, use SANs or temporarily enable Common Name matching with GODEBUG=x509ignoreCN=0

  11. Create a symbolic link to domain.cert to allow skopeo to locate the certificate with the file extension .cert:

    Example

    [root@admin ~]# ln -s /opt/registry/certs/domain.crt /opt/registry/certs/domain.cert

  12. Add the certificate to the trusted list on the private registry node:

    Syntax

    cp /opt/registry/certs/domain.crt /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/
    update-ca-trust
    trust list | grep -i "LOCAL_NODE_FQDN"

    Replace LOCAL_NODE_FQDN with the FQDN of the private registry node.

    Example

    [root@admin ~]# cp /opt/registry/certs/domain.crt /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/
    [root@admin ~]# update-ca-trust
    [root@admin ~]# trust list | grep -i "admin.lab.redhat.com"
    
        label: admin.lab.redhat.com

  13. Copy the certificate to any nodes that will access the private registry for installation and update the trusted list:

    Example

    [root@admin ~]# scp /opt/registry/certs/domain.crt root@host01:/etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/
    [root@admin ~]# ssh root@host01
    [root@host01 ~]# update-ca-trust
    [root@host01 ~]# trust list | grep -i "admin.lab.redhat.com"
    
        label: admin.lab.redhat.com

  14. Start the local secure private registry:

    Syntax

    [root@admin ~]# podman run --restart=always --name NAME_OF_CONTAINER \
    -p 5000:5000 -v /opt/registry/data:/var/lib/registry:z \
    -v /opt/registry/auth:/auth:z \
    -v /opt/registry/certs:/certs:z \
    -e "REGISTRY_AUTH=htpasswd" \
    -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_REALM=Registry Realm" \
    -e REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_PATH=/auth/htpasswd \
    -e "REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_CERTIFICATE=/certs/domain.crt" \
    -e "REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_KEY=/certs/domain.key" \
    -e REGISTRY_COMPATIBILITY_SCHEMA1_ENABLED=true \
    -d registry:2

    Replace NAME_OF_CONTAINER with a name to assign to the container.

    Example

    [root@admin ~]# podman run --restart=always --name myprivateregistry \
    -p 5000:5000 -v /opt/registry/data:/var/lib/registry:z \
    -v /opt/registry/auth:/auth:z \
    -v /opt/registry/certs:/certs:z \
    -e "REGISTRY_AUTH=htpasswd" \
    -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_REALM=Registry Realm" \
    -e REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_PATH=/auth/htpasswd \
    -e "REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_CERTIFICATE=/certs/domain.crt" \
    -e "REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_KEY=/certs/domain.key" \
    -e REGISTRY_COMPATIBILITY_SCHEMA1_ENABLED=true \
    -d registry:2

    This starts the private registry on port 5000 and mounts the volumes of the registry directories in the container running the registry.

  15. On the local registry node, verify that registry.redhat.io is in the container registry search path.

    1. Open for editing the /etc/containers/registries.conf file, and add registry.redhat.io to the unqualified-search-registries list, if it does not exist:

      Example

      unqualified-search-registries = ["registry.redhat.io", "registry.access.redhat.com", "registry.fedoraproject.org", "registry.centos.org", "docker.io"]

  16. Login to registry.redhat.io with your Red Hat Customer Portal credentials:

    Syntax

    podman login registry.redhat.io

  17. Copy the following Red Hat Ceph Storage 5 image, Prometheus images, and Dashboard image from the Red Hat Customer Portal to the private registry:

    Table 3.1. Custom image details for monitoring stack
    Monitoring stack componentImage details

    Prometheus

    registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus:v4.10

    Grafana

    registry.redhat.io/rhceph/rhceph-5-dashboard-rhel8:latest

    Node-exporter

    registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus-node-exporter:v4.10

    AlertManager

    registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus-alertmanager:v4.10

    HAProxy

    registry.redhat.io/rhceph/rhceph-haproxy-rhel8:latest

    Keepalived

    registry.redhat.io/rhceph/keepalived-rhel8:latest

    SNMP Gateway

    registry.redhat.io/rhceph/snmp-notifier-rhel8:latest

    Syntax

    podman run -v /CERTIFICATE_DIRECTORY_PATH:/certs:Z -v /CERTIFICATE_DIRECTORY_PATH/domain.cert:/certs/domain.cert:Z  --rm registry.redhat.io/rhel8/skopeo:8.5-8 skopeo copy  --remove-signatures --src-creds RED_HAT_CUSTOMER_PORTAL_LOGIN:RED_HAT_CUSTOMER_PORTAL_PASSWORD --dest-cert-dir=./certs/ --dest-creds PRIVATE_REGISTRY_USERNAME:PRIVATE_REGISTRY_PASSWORD docker://registry.redhat.io/SRC_IMAGE:SRC_TAG docker://LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/DST_IMAGE:DST_TAG

    • Replace CERTIFICATE_DIRECTORY_PATH with the directory path to the self-signed certificates.
    • Replace RED_HAT_CUSTOMER_PORTAL_LOGIN and RED_HAT_CUSTOMER_PORTAL_PASSWORD with your Red Hat Customer Portal credentials.
    • Replace PRIVATE_REGISTRY_USERNAME and PRIVATE_REGISTRY_PASSWORD with the private registry credentials.
    • Replace SRC_IMAGE and SRC_TAG with the name and tag of the image to copy from registry.redhat.io.
    • Replace DST_IMAGE and DST_TAG with the name and tag of the image to copy to the private registry.
    • Replace LOCAL_NODE_FQDN with the FQDN of the private registry.

      Example

      [root@admin ~]# podman run -v /opt/registry/certs:/certs:Z -v /opt/registry/certs/domain.cert:/certs/domain.cert:Z --rm registry.redhat.io/rhel8/skopeo:8.5-8 skopeo copy  --remove-signatures --src-creds myusername:mypassword1 --dest-cert-dir=./certs/ --dest-creds myregistryusername:myregistrypassword1 docker://registry.redhat.io/rhceph/rhceph-5-rhel8:latest docker://admin.lab.redhat.com:5000/rhceph/rhceph-5-rhel8:latest
      
      [root@admin ~]# podman run -v /opt/registry/certs:/certs:Z -v /opt/registry/certs/domain.cert:/certs/domain.cert:Z --rm registry.redhat.io/rhel8/skopeo:8.5-8 skopeo copy  --remove-signatures --src-creds myusername:mypassword1 --dest-cert-dir=./certs/ --dest-creds myregistryusername:myregistrypassword1 docker://registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus-node-exporter:v4.10 docker://admin.lab.redhat.com:5000/openshift4/ose-prometheus-node-exporter:v4.10
      
      [root@admin ~]# podman run -v /opt/registry/certs:/certs:Z -v /opt/registry/certs/domain.cert:/certs/domain.cert:Z --rm registry.redhat.io/rhel8/skopeo:8.5-8 skopeo copy  --remove-signatures --src-creds myusername:mypassword1 --dest-cert-dir=./certs/ --dest-creds myregistryusername:myregistrypassword1 docker://registry.redhat.io/rhceph/rhceph-5-dashboard-rhel8:latest docker://admin.lab.redhat.com:5000/rhceph/rhceph-5-dashboard-rhel8:latest
      
      [root@admin ~]# podman run -v /opt/registry/certs:/certs:Z -v /opt/registry/certs/domain.cert:/certs/domain.cert:Z --rm registry.redhat.io/rhel8/skopeo:8.5-8 skopeo copy  --remove-signatures --src-creds myusername:mypassword1 --dest-cert-dir=./certs/ --dest-creds myregistryusername:myregistrypassword1 docker://registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus:v4.10 docker://admin.lab.redhat.com:5000/openshift4/ose-prometheus:v4.10
      
      [root@admin ~]# podman run -v /opt/registry/certs:/certs:Z -v /opt/registry/certs/domain.cert:/certs/domain.cert:Z --rm registry.redhat.io/rhel8/skopeo:8.5-8 skopeo copy  --remove-signatures --src-creds myusername:mypassword1 --dest-cert-dir=./certs/ --dest-creds myregistryusername:myregistrypassword1 docker://registry.redhat.io/openshift4/ose-prometheus-alertmanager:v4.10 docker://admin.lab.redhat.com:5000/openshift4/ose-prometheus-alertmanager:v4.10

  18. Using the curl command, verify the images reside in the local registry:

    Syntax

    curl -u PRIVATE_REGISTRY_USERNAME:PRIVATE_REGISTRY_PASSWORD https://LOCAL_NODE_FQDN:5000/v2/_catalog

    Example

    [root@admin ~]# curl -u myregistryusername:myregistrypassword1 https://admin.lab.redhat.com:5000/v2/_catalog
    
    {"repositories":["openshift4/ose-prometheus","openshift4/ose-prometheus-alertmanager","openshift4/ose-prometheus-node-exporter","rhceph/rhceph-5-dashboard-rhel8","rhceph/rhceph-5-rhel8"]}

Additional Resources

3.12.7. Running the preflight playbook for a disconnected installation

You use the cephadm-preflight.yml Ansible playbook to configure the Ceph repository and prepare the storage cluster for bootstrapping. It also installs some prerequisites, such as podman, lvm2, chronyd, and cephadm.

Important

Skip these steps for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 as cephadm-preflight playbook is not supported.

The preflight playbook uses the cephadm-ansible inventory hosts file to identify all the nodes in the storage cluster. The default location for cephadm-ansible, cephadm-preflight.yml, and the inventory hosts file is /usr/share/cephadm-ansible/.

The following example shows the structure of a typical inventory file:

Example

host02
host03
host04

[admin]
host01

The [admin] group in the inventory file contains the name of the node where the admin keyring is stored.

Note

Run the preflight playbook before you bootstrap the initial host.

Prerequisites

  • The cephadm-ansible package is installed on the Ansible administration node.
  • Root-level access to all nodes in the storage cluster.
  • Passwordless ssh is set up on all hosts in the storage cluster.
  • Nodes configured to access a local YUM repository server with the following repositories enabled:

    • rhel-8-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms
    • rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rpms
    • rhceph-5-tools-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms
Note

For more information about setting up a local YUM repository, see the knowledge base article Creating a Local Repository and Sharing with Disconnected/Offline/Air-gapped Systems

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the /usr/share/cephadm-ansible directory on the Ansible administration node.
  2. Open and edit the hosts file and add your nodes.
  3. Run the preflight playbook with the ceph_origin parameter set to custom to use a local YUM repository:

    Syntax

    ansible-playbook -i INVENTORY_FILE cephadm-preflight.yml --extra-vars "ceph_origin=custom" -e "custom_repo_url=CUSTOM_REPO_URL"

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts cephadm-preflight.yml --extra-vars "ceph_origin=custom" -e "custom_repo_url=http://mycustomrepo.lab.redhat.com/x86_64/os/"

    After installation is complete, cephadm resides in the /usr/sbin/ directory.

  4. Alternatively, you can use the --limit option to run the preflight playbook on a selected set of hosts in the storage cluster:

    Syntax

    ansible-playbook -i INVENTORY_FILE cephadm-preflight.yml --extra-vars "ceph_origin=custom" -e "custom_repo_url=CUSTOM_REPO_URL" --limit GROUP_NAME|NODE_NAME

    Replace GROUP_NAME with a group name from your inventory file. Replace NODE_NAME with a specific node name from your inventory file.

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts cephadm-preflight.yml --extra-vars "ceph_origin=custom" -e "custom_repo_url=http://mycustomrepo.lab.redhat.com/x86_64/os/" --limit clients
    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts cephadm-preflight.yml --extra-vars "ceph_origin=custom" -e "custom_repo_url=http://mycustomrepo.lab.redhat.com/x86_64/os/" --limit host02

    Note

    When you run the preflight playbook, cephadm-ansible automatically installs chronyd and ceph-common on the client nodes.

3.12.8. Performing a disconnected installation

Before you can perform the installation, you must obtain a Red Hat Ceph Storage container image, either from a proxy host that has access to the Red Hat registry or by copying the image to your local registry.

Note

If your local registry uses a self-signed certificate with a local registry, ensure you have added the trusted root certificate to the bootstrap host. For more information, see Configuring a private registry for a disconnected installation.

Note

Red Hat Ceph Storage 5 is supported on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 EUS or later.

Important

Before you begin the bootstrapping process, make sure that the container image that you want to use has the same version of Red Hat Ceph Storage as cephadm. If the two versions do not match, bootstrapping fails at the Creating initial admin user stage.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Log in to the bootstrap host.
  2. Bootstrap the storage cluster:

    Syntax

    cephadm --image PRIVATE_REGISTRY_NODE_FQDN:5000/CUSTOM_IMAGE_NAME:IMAGE_TAG bootstrap --mon-ip IP_ADDRESS --registry-url PRIVATE_REGISTRY_NODE_FQDN:5000 --registry-username PRIVATE_REGISTRY_USERNAME --registry-password PRIVATE_REGISTRY_PASSWORD

    • Replace PRIVATE_REGISTRY_NODE_FQDN with the fully qualified domain name of your private registry.
    • Replace CUSTOM_IMAGE_NAME and IMAGE_TAG with the name and tag of the Red Hat Ceph Storage container image that resides in the private registry.
    • Replace IP_ADDRESS with the IP address of the node you are using to run cephadm bootstrap.
    • Replace PRIVATE_REGISTRY_USERNAME with the username to create for the private registry.
    • Replace PRIVATE_REGISTRY_PASSWORD with the password to create for the private registry username.

      Example

      [root@host01 ~]# cephadm --image admin.lab.redhat.com:5000/rhceph/rhceph-5-rhel8:latest bootstrap --mon-ip 10.10.128.68 --registry-url admin.lab.redhat.com:5000 --registry-username myregistryusername --registry-password myregistrypassword1

      The script takes a few minutes to complete. Once the script completes, it provides the credentials to the Red Hat Ceph Storage Dashboard URL, a command to access the Ceph command-line interface (CLI), and a request to enable telemetry.

      Ceph Dashboard is now available at:
      
                   URL: https://host01:8443/
                  User: admin
              Password: i8nhu7zham
      
      Enabling client.admin keyring and conf on hosts with "admin" label
      You can access the Ceph CLI with:
      
              sudo /usr/sbin/cephadm shell --fsid 266ee7a8-2a05-11eb-b846-5254002d4916 -c /etc/ceph/ceph.conf -k /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring
      
      Please consider enabling telemetry to help improve Ceph:
      
              ceph telemetry on
      
      For more information see:
      
              https://docs.ceph.com/docs/master/mgr/telemetry/
      
      Bootstrap complete.

After the bootstrap process is complete, see Changing configurations of custom container images for disconnected installations to configure the container images.

Additional Resources

3.12.9. Changing configurations of custom container images for disconnected installations

After you perform the initial bootstrap for disconnected nodes, you must specify custom container images for monitoring stack daemons. You can override the default container images for monitoring stack daemons, since the nodes do not have access to the default container registry.

Note

Make sure that the bootstrap process on the initial host is complete before making any configuration changes.

By default, the monitoring stack components are deployed based on the primary Ceph image. For disconnected environment of the storage cluster, you can use the latest available monitoring stack component images.

Note

When using a custom registry, be sure to log in to the custom registry on newly added nodes before adding any Ceph daemons.

Syntax

# ceph cephadm registry-login --registry-url CUSTOM_REGISTRY_NAME  --registry_username REGISTRY_USERNAME --registry_password REGISTRY_PASSWORD

Example

# ceph cephadm registry-login --registry-url myregistry --registry_username myregistryusername --registry_password myregistrypassword1

Prerequisites

  • At least one running virtual machine (VM) or server.
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 EUS or Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.5.
  • Root-level access to all nodes.
  • Passwordless ssh is set up on all hosts in the storage cluster.

Procedure

  1. Set the custom container images with the ceph config command:

    Syntax

    ceph config set mgr mgr/cephadm/OPTION_NAME CUSTOM_REGISTRY_NAME/CONTAINER_NAME

    Use the following options for OPTION_NAME:

    container_image_prometheus
    container_image_grafana
    container_image_alertmanager
    container_image_node_exporter

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# ceph config set mgr mgr/cephadm/container_image_prometheus myregistry/mycontainer
    [root@host01 ~]# ceph config set mgr mgr/cephadm/container_image_grafana myregistry/mycontainer
    [root@host01 ~]# ceph config set mgr mgr/cephadm/container_image_alertmanager myregistry/mycontainer
    [root@host01 ~]# ceph config set mgr mgr/cephadm/container_image_node_exporter myregistry/mycontainer

  2. Redeploy node-exporter:

    Syntax

    ceph orch redeploy node-exporter

Note

If any of the services do not deploy, you can redeploy them with the ceph orch redeploy command.

Note

By setting a custom image, the default values for the configuration image name and tag will be overridden, but not overwritten. The default values change when updates become available. By setting a custom image, you will not be able to configure the component for which you have set the custom image for automatic updates. You will need to manually update the configuration image name and tag to be able to install updates.

  • If you choose to revert to using the default configuration, you can reset the custom container image. Use ceph config rm to reset the configuration option:

    Syntax

    ceph config rm mgr mgr/cephadm/OPTION_NAME

    Example

    ceph config rm mgr mgr/cephadm/container_image_prometheus

Additional Resources

3.13. Distributing SSH keys

You can use the cephadm-distribute-ssh-key.yml playbook to distribute the SSH keys instead of creating and distributing the keys manually. The playbook distributes an SSH public key over all hosts in the inventory.

You can also generate an SSH key pair on the Ansible administration node and distribute the public key to each node in the storage cluster so that Ansible can access the nodes without being prompted for a password.

Prerequisites

  • Ansible is installed on the administration node.
  • Access to the Ansible administration node.
  • Ansible user with sudo access to all nodes in the storage cluster.
  • Bootstrapping is completed. See the Bootstrapping a new storage cluster section in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Installation Guide.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the /usr/share/cephadm-ansible directory on the Ansible administration node:

    Example

    [ansible@admin ~]$ cd /usr/share/cephadm-ansible

  2. From the Ansible administration node, distribute the SSH keys. The optional cephadm_pubkey_path parameter is the full path name of the SSH public key file on the ansible controller host.

    Note

    If cephadm_pubkey_path is not specified, the playbook gets the key from the cephadm get-pub-key command. This implies that you have at least bootstrapped a minimal cluster.

    Syntax

    ansible-playbook -i INVENTORY_HOST_FILE cephadm-distribute-ssh-key.yml -e cephadm_ssh_user=USER_NAME -e cephadm_pubkey_path= home/cephadm/ceph.key -e admin_node=ADMIN_NODE_NAME_1

    Example

    [ansible@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts cephadm-distribute-ssh-key.yml -e cephadm_ssh_user=ceph-admin -e cephadm_pubkey_path=/home/cephadm/ceph.key -e admin_node=host01
    
    [ansible@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts cephadm-distribute-ssh-key.yml -e cephadm_ssh_user=ceph-admin -e admin_node=host01

3.14. Launching the cephadm shell

The cephadm shell command launches a bash shell in a container with all of the Ceph packages installed. This enables you to perform “Day One” cluster setup tasks, such as installation and bootstrapping, and to invoke ceph commands.

Prerequisites

  • A storage cluster that has been installed and bootstrapped.
  • Root-level access to all nodes in the storage cluster.

Procedure

There are two ways to launch the cephadm shell:

  • Enter cephadm shell at the system prompt. This example invokes the ceph -s command from within the shell.

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# cephadm shell
    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph -s

  • At the system prompt, type cephadm shell and the command you want to execute:

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# cephadm shell ceph -s
    
    cluster:
        id:     f64f341c-655d-11eb-8778-fa163e914bcc
        health: HEALTH_OK
     
      services:
        mon: 3 daemons, quorum host01,host02,host03 (age 94m)
        mgr: host01.lbnhug(active, since 59m), standbys: host02.rofgay, host03.ohipra
        mds: 1/1 daemons up, 1 standby
        osd: 18 osds: 18 up (since 10m), 18 in (since 10m)
        rgw: 4 daemons active (2 hosts, 1 zones)
     
      data:
        volumes: 1/1 healthy
        pools:   8 pools, 225 pgs
        objects: 230 objects, 9.9 KiB
        usage:   271 MiB used, 269 GiB / 270 GiB avail
        pgs:     225 active+clean
     
      io:
        client:   85 B/s rd, 0 op/s rd, 0 op/s wr

Note

If the node contains configuration and keyring files in /etc/ceph/, the container environment uses the values in those files as defaults for the cephadm shell. If you execute the cephadm shell on a MON node, the cephadm shell inherits its default configuration from the MON container, instead of using the default configuration.

3.15. Verifying the cluster installation

Once the cluster installation is complete, you can verify that the Red Hat Ceph Storage 5 installation is running properly.

There are two ways of verifying the storage cluster installation as a root user:

  • Run the podman ps command.
  • Run the cephadm shell ceph -s.

Prerequisites

  • Root-level access to all nodes in the storage cluster.

Procedure

  • Run the podman ps command:

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# podman ps

    Note

    In Red Hat Ceph Storage 5, the format of the systemd units has changed. In the NAMES column, the unit files now include the FSID.

  • Run the cephadm shell ceph -s command:

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# cephadm shell ceph -s
      cluster:
        id:     f64f341c-655d-11eb-8778-fa163e914bcc
        health: HEALTH_OK
     
      services:
        mon: 3 daemons, quorum host01,host02,host03 (age 94m)
        mgr: host01.lbnhug(active, since 59m), standbys: host02.rofgay, host03.ohipra
        mds: 1/1 daemons up, 1 standby
        osd: 18 osds: 18 up (since 10m), 18 in (since 10m)
        rgw: 4 daemons active (2 hosts, 1 zones)
     
      data:
        volumes: 1/1 healthy
        pools:   8 pools, 225 pgs
        objects: 230 objects, 9.9 KiB
        usage:   271 MiB used, 269 GiB / 270 GiB avail
        pgs:     225 active+clean
     
      io:
        client:   85 B/s rd, 0 op/s rd, 0 op/s wr

    Note

    The health of the storage cluster is in HEALTH_WARN status as the hosts and the daemons are not added.

3.16. Adding hosts

Bootstrapping the Red Hat Ceph Storage installation creates a working storage cluster, consisting of one Monitor daemon and one Manager daemon within the same container. As a storage administrator, you can add additional hosts to the storage cluster and configure them.

Note
  • For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8, running the preflight playbook installs podman, lvm2, chronyd, and cephadm on all hosts listed in the Ansible inventory file.
  • For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9, you need to manually install podman, lvm2, chronyd, and cephadm on all hosts and skip steps for running ansible playbooks as the preflight playbook is not supported.
  • When using a custom registry, be sure to log in to the custom registry on newly added nodes before adding any Ceph daemons.

    .Syntax
    [source,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
    ----
    # ceph cephadm registry-login --registry-url _CUSTOM_REGISTRY_NAME_  --registry_username _REGISTRY_USERNAME_ --registry_password _REGISTRY_PASSWORD_
    ----
    .Example
    ----
    # ceph cephadm registry-login --registry-url myregistry --registry_username myregistryusername --registry_password myregistrypassword1
    ----

Prerequisites

  • A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
  • Root-level or user with sudo access to all nodes in the storage cluster.
  • Register the nodes to the CDN and attach subscriptions.
  • Ansible user with sudo and passwordless ssh access to all nodes in the storage cluster.

Procedure

+

Note

In the following procedure, use either root, as indicated, or the username with which the user is bootstrapped.

  1. From the node that contains the admin keyring, install the storage cluster’s public SSH key in the root user’s authorized_keys file on the new host:

    Syntax

    ssh-copy-id -f -i /etc/ceph/ceph.pub user@NEWHOST

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -f -i /etc/ceph/ceph.pub root@host02
    [root@host01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -f -i /etc/ceph/ceph.pub root@host03

  2. Navigate to the /usr/share/cephadm-ansible directory on the Ansible administration node.

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin ~]$ cd /usr/share/cephadm-ansible

  3. From the Ansible administration node, add the new host to the Ansible inventory file. The default location for the file is /usr/share/cephadm-ansible/hosts. The following example shows the structure of a typical inventory file:

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin ~]$ cat hosts
    
    host02
    host03
    host04
    
    [admin]
    host01

    Note

    If you have previously added the new host to the Ansible inventory file and run the preflight playbook on the host, skip to step 4.

  4. Run the preflight playbook with the --limit option for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8:

    Syntax

    ansible-playbook -i INVENTORY_FILE cephadm-preflight.yml --extra-vars "ceph_origin=rhcs" --limit NEWHOST

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts cephadm-preflight.yml --extra-vars "ceph_origin=rhcs" --limit host02

    The preflight playbook installs podman, lvm2, chronyd, and cephadm on the new host. After installation is complete, cephadm resides in the /usr/sbin/ directory.

    • For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9, install podman, lvm2, chronyd, and cephadm manually:

      [root@host01 ~]# dnf install podman lvm2 chronyd cephadm
  5. From the bootstrap node, use the cephadm orchestrator to add the new host to the storage cluster:

    Syntax

    ceph orch host add NEWHOST

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch host add host02
    Added host 'host02' with addr '10.10.128.69'
    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch host add host03
    Added host 'host03' with addr '10.10.128.70'

  6. Optional: You can also add nodes by IP address, before and after you run the preflight playbook. If you do not have DNS configured in your storage cluster environment, you can add the hosts by IP address, along with the host names.

    Syntax

    ceph orch host add HOSTNAME IP_ADDRESS

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch host add host02 10.10.128.69
    Added host 'host02' with addr '10.10.128.69'

    Verification

    • View the status of the storage cluster and verify that the new host has been added. The STATUS of the hosts is blank, in the output of the ceph orch host ls command.

      Example

      [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch host ls

Additional Resources

3.16.1. Using the addr option to identify hosts

The addr option offers an additional way to contact a host. Add the IP address of the host to the addr option. If ssh cannot connect to the host by its hostname, then it uses the value stored in addr to reach the host by its IP address.

Prerequisites

  • A storage cluster that has been installed and bootstrapped.
  • Root-level access to all nodes in the storage cluster.

Procedure

Run this procedure from inside the cephadm shell.

  1. Add the IP address:

    Syntax

    ceph orch host add HOSTNAME IP_ADDR

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch host add host01 10.10.128.68

Note

If adding a host by hostname results in that host being added with an IPv6 address instead of an IPv4 address, use ceph orch host to specify the IP address of that host:

ceph orch host set-addr HOSTNAME IP_ADDR

To convert the IP address from IPv6 format to IPv4 format for a host you have added, use the following command:

ceph orch host set-addr HOSTNAME IPV4_ADDRESS

3.16.2. Adding multiple hosts

Use a YAML file to add multiple hosts to the storage cluster at the same time.

Note

Be sure to create the hosts.yaml file within a host container, or create the file on the local host and then use the cephadm shell to mount the file within the container. The cephadm shell automatically places mounted files in /mnt. If you create the file directly on the local host and then apply the hosts.yaml file instead of mounting it, you might see a File does not exist error.

Prerequisites

  • A storage cluster that has been installed and bootstrapped.
  • Root-level access to all nodes in the storage cluster.

Procedure

  1. Copy over the public ssh key to each of the hosts that you want to add.
  2. Use a text editor to create a hosts.yaml file.
  3. Add the host descriptions to the hosts.yaml file, as shown in the following example. Include the labels to identify placements for the daemons that you want to deploy on each host. Separate each host description with three dashes (---).

    Example

    service_type: host
    addr:
    hostname: host02
    labels:
    - mon
    - osd
    - mgr
    ---
    service_type: host
    addr:
    hostname: host03
    labels:
    - mon
    - osd
    - mgr
    ---
    service_type: host
    addr:
    hostname: host04
    labels:
    - mon
    - osd

  4. If you created the hosts.yaml file within the host container, invoke the ceph orch apply command:

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# ceph orch apply -i hosts.yaml
    Added host 'host02' with addr '10.10.128.69'
    Added host 'host03' with addr '10.10.128.70'
    Added host 'host04' with addr '10.10.128.71'

  5. If you created the hosts.yaml file directly on the local host, use the cephadm shell to mount the file:

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# cephadm shell --mount hosts.yaml -- ceph orch apply -i /mnt/hosts.yaml

  6. View the list of hosts and their labels:

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# ceph orch host ls
    HOST      ADDR      LABELS          STATUS
    host02   host02    mon osd mgr
    host03   host03    mon osd mgr
    host04   host04    mon osd

    Note

    If a host is online and operating normally, its status is blank. An offline host shows a status of OFFLINE, and a host in maintenance mode shows a status of MAINTENANCE.

3.16.3. Adding hosts in disconnected deployments

If you are running a storage cluster on a private network and your host domain name server (DNS) cannot be reached through private IP, you must include both the host name and the IP address for each host you want to add to the storage cluster.

Prerequisites

  • A running storage cluster.
  • Root-level access to all hosts in the storage cluster.

Procedure

  1. Invoke the cephadm shell.

    Syntax

    [root@host01 ~]# cephadm shell

  2. Add the host:

    Syntax

    ceph orch host add HOST_NAME HOST_ADDRESS

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch host add host03 10.10.128.70

3.16.4. Removing hosts

You can remove hosts of a Ceph cluster with the Ceph Orchestrators. All the daemons are removed with the drain option which adds the _no_schedule label to ensure that you cannot deploy any daemons or a cluster till the operation is complete.

Important

If you are removing the bootstrap host, be sure to copy the admin keyring and the configuration file to another host in the storage cluster before you remove the host.

Prerequisites

  • A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
  • Root-level access to all the nodes.
  • Hosts are added to the storage cluster.
  • All the services are deployed.
  • Cephadm is deployed on the nodes where the services have to be removed.

Procedure

  1. Log into the Cephadm shell:

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# cephadm shell

  2. Fetch the host details:

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch host ls

  3. Drain all the daemons from the host:

    Syntax

    ceph orch host drain HOSTNAME

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch host drain host02

    The _no_schedule label is automatically applied to the host which blocks deployment.

  4. Check the status of OSD removal:

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch osd rm status

    When no placement groups (PG) are left on the OSD, the OSD is decommissioned and removed from the storage cluster.

  5. Check if all the daemons are removed from the storage cluster:

    Syntax

    ceph orch ps HOSTNAME

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch ps host02

  6. Remove the host:

    Syntax

    ceph orch host rm HOSTNAME

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch host rm host02

Additional Resources

3.17. Labeling hosts

The Ceph orchestrator supports assigning labels to hosts. Labels are free-form and have no specific meanings. This means that you can use mon, monitor, mycluster_monitor, or any other text string. Each host can have multiple labels.

For example, apply the mon label to all hosts on which you want to deploy Ceph Monitor daemons, mgr for all hosts on which you want to deploy Ceph Manager daemons, rgw for Ceph Object Gateway daemons, and so on.

Labeling all the hosts in the storage cluster helps to simplify system management tasks by allowing you to quickly identify the daemons running on each host. In addition, you can use the Ceph orchestrator or a YAML file to deploy or remove daemons on hosts that have specific host labels.

Prerequisites

  • A storage cluster that has been installed and bootstrapped.

3.17.1. Adding a label to a host

You can use the Ceph orchestrator to add a label to a host. Each host can have multiple labels. Labels can be used to specify placement of daemons.

Prerequisites

  • A storage cluster that has been installed and bootstrapped.
  • Root-level access to all nodes in the storage cluster.
  • Hosts are added to the storage cluster.

Procedure

  1. Launch the cephadm shell:

    [root@host01 ~]# cephadm shell
    [ceph: root@host01 /]#
  2. Add a label to a host:

    Syntax

    ceph orch host label add HOSTNAME LABEL

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch host label add host02 mon

Verification

  • List the hosts:

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch host ls

3.17.2. Removing a label from a host

You can use the Ceph orchestrator to remove a label from a host.

Prerequisites

  • A storage cluster that has been installed and bootstrapped.
  • Root-level access to all nodes in the storage cluster.

Procedure

  1. Launch the cephadm shell:

    [root@host01 ~]# cephadm shell
    [ceph: root@host01 /]#
  2. Use the ceph orchestrator to remove a label from a host:

    Syntax

    ceph orch host label rm HOSTNAME LABEL

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch host label rm host02 mon

Verification

  • List the hosts:

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch host ls

3.17.3. Using host labels to deploy daemons on specific hosts

You can use host labels to deploy daemons to specific hosts. There are two ways to use host labels to deploy daemons on specific hosts:

  • By using the --placement option from the command line.
  • By using a YAML file.

Prerequisites

  • A storage cluster that has been installed and bootstrapped.
  • Root-level access to all nodes in the storage cluster.

Procedure

  1. Log into the Cephadm shell:

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# cephadm shell

  2. List current hosts and labels:

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch host ls
    HOST      ADDR     LABELS               STATUS
    host01              _admin mon osd mgr
    host02              mon osd mgr mylabel

    • Method 1: Use the --placement option to deploy a daemon from the command line:

      Syntax

      ceph orch apply DAEMON --placement="label:LABEL"

      Example

      [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch apply prometheus --placement="label:mylabel"

    • Method 2 To assign the daemon to a specific host label in a YAML file, specify the service type and label in the YAML file:

      1. Create the placement.yml file:

        Example

        [ceph: root@host01 /]# vi placement.yml

      2. Specify the service type and label in the placement.yml file:

        Example

        service_type: prometheus
        placement:
          label: "mylabel"

      3. Apply the daemon placement file:

        Syntax

        ceph orch apply -i FILENAME

        Example

        [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch apply -i placement.yml
        Scheduled prometheus update…

Verification

  • List the status of the daemons:

    Syntax

    ceph orch ps --daemon_type=DAEMON_NAME

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch ps --daemon_type=prometheus
    NAME               HOST   PORTS   STATUS        REFRESHED  AGE  MEM USE  MEM LIM  VERSION  IMAGE ID      CONTAINER ID
    prometheus.host02  host02  *:9095  running (2h)     8m ago   2h    85.3M        -  2.22.2   ac25aac5d567  ad8c7593d7c0

3.18. Adding Monitor service

A typical Red Hat Ceph Storage storage cluster has three or five monitor daemons deployed on different hosts. If your storage cluster has five or more hosts, Red Hat recommends that you deploy five Monitor nodes.

Note

In the case of a firewall, see the Firewall settings for Ceph Monitor node section of the Red Hat Ceph Storage Configuration Guide for details.

Note

The bootstrap node is the initial monitor of the storage cluster. Be sure to include the bootstrap node in the list of hosts to which you want to deploy.

Note

If you want to apply Monitor service to more than one specific host, be sure to specify all of the host names within the same ceph orch apply command. If you specify ceph orch apply mon --placement host1 and then specify ceph orch apply mon --placement host2, the second command removes the Monitor service on host1 and applies a Monitor service to host2.

If your Monitor nodes or your entire cluster are located on a single subnet, then cephadm automatically adds up to five Monitor daemons as you add new hosts to the cluster. cephadm automatically configures the Monitor daemons on the new hosts. The new hosts reside on the same subnet as the first (bootstrap) host in the storage cluster. cephadm can also deploy and scale monitors to correspond to changes in the size of the storage cluster.

Prerequisites

  • Root-level access to all hosts in the storage cluster.
  • A running storage cluster.

Procedure

  1. Apply the five Monitor daemons to five random hosts in the storage cluster:

    ceph orch apply mon 5
  2. Disable automatic Monitor deployment:

    ceph orch apply mon --unmanaged

Additional Resources

3.19. Setting up the admin node

Use an admin node to administer the storage cluster.

An admin node contains both the cluster configuration file and the admin keyring. Both of these files are stored in the directory /etc/ceph and use the name of the storage cluster as a prefix.

For example, the default ceph cluster name is ceph. In a cluster using the default name, the admin keyring is named /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring. The corresponding cluster configuration file is named /etc/ceph/ceph.conf.

To set up additional hosts in the storage cluster as admin nodes, apply the _admin label to the host you want to designate as an administrator node.

Note

By default, after applying the _admin label to a node, cephadm copies the ceph.conf and client.admin keyring files to that node. The _admin label is automatically applied to the bootstrap node unless the --skip-admin-label option was specified with the cephadm bootstrap command.

Prerequisites

  • A running storage cluster with cephadm installed.
  • The storage cluster has running Monitor and Manager nodes.
  • Root-level access to all nodes in the cluster.

Procedure

  1. Use ceph orch host ls to view the hosts in your storage cluster:

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# ceph orch host ls
    HOST   ADDR   LABELS  STATUS
    host01        mon,mgr,_admin
    host02        mon
    host03        mon,mgr
    host04
    host05
    host06

  2. Use the _admin label to designate the admin host in your storage cluster. For best results, this host should have both Monitor and Manager daemons running.

    Syntax

    ceph orch host label add HOSTNAME _admin

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]#  ceph orch host label add host03 _admin

  3. Verify that the admin host has the _admin label.

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]#  ceph orch host ls
    HOST   ADDR   LABELS  STATUS
    host01        mon,mgr,_admin
    host02        mon
    host03        mon,mgr,_admin
    host04
    host05
    host06

  4. Log in to the admin node to manage the storage cluster.

3.19.1. Deploying Ceph monitor nodes using host labels

A typical Red Hat Ceph Storage storage cluster has three or five Ceph Monitor daemons deployed on different hosts. If your storage cluster has five or more hosts, Red Hat recommends that you deploy five Ceph Monitor nodes.

If your Ceph Monitor nodes or your entire cluster are located on a single subnet, then cephadm automatically adds up to five Ceph Monitor daemons as you add new nodes to the cluster. cephadm automatically configures the Ceph Monitor daemons on the new nodes. The new nodes reside on the same subnet as the first (bootstrap) node in the storage cluster. cephadm can also deploy and scale monitors to correspond to changes in the size of the storage cluster.

Note

Use host labels to identify the hosts that contain Ceph Monitor nodes.

Prerequisites

  • Root-level access to all nodes in the storage cluster.
  • A running storage cluster.

Procedure

  1. Assign the mon label to the host:

    Syntax

    ceph orch host label add HOSTNAME mon

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch host label add host02 mon
    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch host label add host03 mon

  2. View the current hosts and labels:

    Syntax

    ceph orch host ls

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch host ls
    HOST   ADDR   LABELS  STATUS
    host01        mon,mgr,_admin
    host02        mon
    host03        mon
    host04
    host05
    host06

    • Deploy Ceph Monitor daemons based on the host label:

      Syntax

      ceph orch apply mon label:mon

    • Deploy Ceph Monitor daemons on a specific set of hosts:

      Syntax

      ceph orch apply mon HOSTNAME1,HOSTNAME2,HOSTNAME3

      Example

      [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch apply mon host01,host02,host03

      Note

      Be sure to include the bootstrap node in the list of hosts to which you want to deploy.

3.19.2. Adding Ceph Monitor nodes by IP address or network name

A typical Red Hat Ceph Storage storage cluster has three or five monitor daemons deployed on different hosts. If your storage cluster has five or more hosts, Red Hat recommends that you deploy five Monitor nodes.

If your Monitor nodes or your entire cluster are located on a single subnet, then cephadm automatically adds up to five Monitor daemons as you add new nodes to the cluster. You do not need to configure the Monitor daemons on the new nodes. The new nodes reside on the same subnet as the first node in the storage cluster. The first node in the storage cluster is the bootstrap node. cephadm can also deploy and scale monitors to correspond to changes in the size of the storage cluster.

Prerequisites

  • Root-level access to all nodes in the storage cluster.
  • A running storage cluster.

Procedure

  1. To deploy each additional Ceph Monitor node:

    Syntax

    ceph orch apply mon NODE:IP_ADDRESS_OR_NETWORK_NAME [NODE:IP_ADDRESS_OR_NETWORK_NAME...]

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch apply mon host02:10.10.128.69 host03:mynetwork

3.19.3. Removing the admin label from a host

You can use the Ceph orchestrator to remove the admin label from a host.

Prerequisites

  • A running storage cluster with cephadm installed and bootstrapped.
  • The storage cluster has running Monitor and Manager nodes.
  • Root-level access to all nodes in the cluster.

Procedure

  1. Use ceph orch host ls to view the hosts and identify the admin host in your storage cluster:

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# ceph orch host ls
    HOST   ADDR   LABELS  STATUS
    host01        mon,mgr,_admin
    host02        mon
    host03        mon,mgr,_admin
    host04
    host05
    host06

  2. Log into the Cephadm shell:

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# cephadm shell

  3. Use the ceph orchestrator to remove the admin label from a host:

    Syntax

    ceph orch host label rm HOSTNAME LABEL

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch host label rm host03 _admin

  4. Verify that the admin host has the _admin label.

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]#  ceph orch host ls
    HOST   ADDR   LABELS  STATUS
    host01        mon,mgr,_admin
    host02        mon
    host03        mon,mgr
    host04
    host05
    host06

Important

After removing the admin label from a node, ensure you remove the ceph.conf and client.admin keyring files from that node. Also, the node must be removed from the [admin] ansible inventory file.

3.20. Adding Manager service

cephadm automatically installs a Manager daemon on the bootstrap node during the bootstrapping process. Use the Ceph orchestrator to deploy additional Manager daemons.

The Ceph orchestrator deploys two Manager daemons by default. To deploy a different number of Manager daemons, specify a different number. If you do not specify the hosts where the Manager daemons should be deployed, the Ceph orchestrator randomly selects the hosts and deploys the Manager daemons to them.

Note

If you want to apply Manager daemons to more than one specific host, be sure to specify all of the host names within the same ceph orch apply command. If you specify ceph orch apply mgr --placement host1 and then specify ceph orch apply mgr --placement host2, the second command removes the Manager daemon on host1 and applies a Manager daemon to host2.

Red Hat recommends that you use the --placement option to deploy to specific hosts.

Prerequisites

  • A running storage cluster.

Procedure

  • To specify that you want to apply a certain number of Manager daemons to randomly selected hosts:

    Syntax

    ceph orch apply mgr NUMBER_OF_DAEMONS

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch apply mgr 3

  • To add Manager daemons to specific hosts in your storage cluster:

    Syntax

    ceph orch apply mgr --placement "HOSTNAME1 HOSTNAME2 HOSTNAME3"

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch apply mgr --placement "host02 host03 host04"

3.21. Adding OSDs

Cephadm will not provision an OSD on a device that is not available. A storage device is considered available if it meets all of the following conditions:

  • The device must have no partitions.
  • The device must not be mounted.
  • The device must not contain a file system.
  • The device must not contain a Ceph BlueStore OSD.
  • The device must be larger than 5 GB.
Important

By default, the osd_memory_target_autotune parameter is set to true in Red Hat Ceph Storage 5.1. For more information about tuning OSD memory, see the Automatically tuning OSD memory section in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Operations Guide.

Important

In Red Hat Ceph Storage 5.0, due to known bugs, pre-created LVM disks are not supported for OSD, DB, or WAL deployment.

Starting with Red Hat Ceph Storage 5.1, pre-created LVM disks are supported for OSD deployment, including DB and WAL devices.

Prerequisites

  • A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.

Procedure

  1. List the available devices to deploy OSDs:

    Syntax

    ceph orch device ls [--hostname=HOSTNAME1 HOSTNAME2] [--wide] [--refresh]

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch device ls --wide --refresh

  2. You can either deploy the OSDs on specific hosts or on all the available devices:

    • To create an OSD from a specific device on a specific host:

      Syntax

      ceph orch daemon add osd HOSTNAME:DEVICE_PATH

      Example

      [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch daemon add osd host02:/dev/sdb

    • To deploy OSDs on any available and unused devices, use the --all-available-devices option.

      Example

      [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph orch apply osd --all-available-devices

Note

This command creates colocated WAL and DB devices. If you want to create non-colocated devices, do not use this command.

Additional Resources

3.22. Deploying client nodes

As a storage administrator, you can deploy client nodes by running the cephadm-preflight.yml and cephadm-clients.yml playbooks. The cephadm-preflight.yml playbook configures the Ceph repository and prepares the storage cluster for bootstrapping. It also installs some prerequisites, such as podman, lvm2, chronyd, and cephadm.

Important

Skip these steps for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 as cephadm-preflight playbook is not supported.

The cephadm-clients.yml playbook handles the distribution of configuration and keyring files to a group of Ceph clients.

Note

If you are not using the cephadm-ansible playbooks, after upgrading your Ceph cluster, you must upgrade the ceph-common package and client libraries on your client nodes. For more information, see Upgrading the Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster section in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Upgrade Guide.

Prerequisites

  • Root-level access to the Ansible administration node.
  • Ansible user with sudo and passwordless SSH access to all nodes in the storage cluster.
  • Installation of the cephadm-ansible package.
  • The [admin] group is defined in the inventory file with a node where the admin keyring is present at /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring.

Procedure

  1. As an Ansible user, navigate to the /usr/share/cephadm-ansible directory on the Ansible administration node.

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin ~]$ cd /usr/share/cephadm-ansible

  2. Open and edit the hosts inventory file and add the [clients] group and clients to your inventory:

    Example

    host02
    host03
    host04
    
    [clients]
    client01
    client02
    client03
    
    [admin]
    host01

  3. Run the cephadm-preflight.yml playbook to install the prerequisites on the clients:

    Syntax

    ansible-playbook -i INVENTORY_FILE cephadm-preflight.yml --limit CLIENT_GROUP_NAME|CLIENT_NODE_NAME

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts cephadm-preflight.yml --limit clients

  4. Run the cephadm-clients.yml playbook to distribute the keyring and Ceph configuration files to a set of clients.

    1. To copy the keyring with a custom destination keyring name:

      Syntax

      ansible-playbook -i INVENTORY_FILE cephadm-clients.yml --extra-vars '{"fsid":"FSID","keyring":"KEYRING_PATH","client_group":"CLIENT_GROUP_NAME","conf":"CEPH_CONFIGURATION_PATH","keyring_dest":"KEYRING_DESTINATION_PATH"}'

      • Replace INVENTORY_FILE with the Ansible inventory file name.
      • Replace FSID with the FSID of the cluster.
      • Replace KEYRING_PATH with the full path name to the keyring on the admin host that you want to copy to the client.
      • Optional: Replace CLIENT_GROUP_NAME with the Ansible group name for the clients to set up.
      • Optional: Replace CEPH_CONFIGURATION_PATH with the full path to the Ceph configuration file on the admin node.
      • Optional: Replace KEYRING_DESTINATION_PATH with the full path name of the destination where the keyring will be copied.

        Note

        If you do not specify a configuration file with the conf option when you run the playbook, the playbook generates and distributes a minimal configuration file. By default, the generated file is located at /etc/ceph/ceph.conf.

        Example

        [ceph-admin@host01 cephadm-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts cephadm-clients.yml --extra-vars '{"fsid":"266ee7a8-2a05-11eb-b846-5254002d4916","client_group":"clients","keyring":"/etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring","conf":"/etc/ceph/ceph.conf","keyring_dest":"/etc/ceph/custom.name.ceph.keyring"}'

    2. To copy a keyring with the default destination keyring name of ceph.keyring and using the default group of clients:

      Syntax

      ansible-playbook -i INVENTORY_FILE cephadm-clients.yml --extra-vars '{"fsid":"FSID","keyring":"KEYRING_PATH","conf":"CEPH_CONFIGURATION_PATH"}'

      Example

      [ceph-admin@host01 cephadm-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts cephadm-clients.yml --extra-vars '{"fsid":"266ee7a8-2a05-11eb-b846-5254002d4916","keyring":"/etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring","conf":"/etc/ceph/ceph.conf"}'

Verification

  • Log into the client nodes and verify that the keyring and configuration files exist.

    Example

    [user@client01 ~]# ls -l /etc/ceph/
    
    -rw-------. 1 ceph ceph 151 Jul 11 12:23 custom.name.ceph.keyring
    -rw-------. 1 ceph ceph 151 Jul 11 12:23 ceph.keyring
    -rw-------. 1 ceph ceph 269 Jul 11 12:23 ceph.conf

Additional Resources

  • For more information about admin keys, see the Ceph User Management section in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Administration Guide.
  • For more information about the cephadm-preflight playbook, see the Running the preflight playbook section in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Installation Guide.

3.23. Purging the Ceph storage cluster

Purging the Ceph storage cluster clears any data or connections that remain from previous deployments on your server. For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8, this Ansible script removes all daemons, logs, and data that belong to the FSID passed to the script from all hosts in the storage cluster. For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9, use the cephadm rm-cluster command since Ansible is not supported.

For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

The Ansible inventory file lists all the hosts in your cluster and what roles each host plays in your Ceph storage cluster. The default location for an inventory file is /usr/share/cephadm-ansible/hosts, but this file can be placed anywhere.

Important

This process works only if the cephadm binary is installed on all hosts in the storage cluster.

The following example shows the structure of an inventory file:

Example

host02
host03
host04

[admin]
host01

[clients]
client01
client02
client03

Prerequisites

  • A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
  • Ansible 2.9 or later is installed on the bootstrap node.
  • Root-level access to the Ansible administration node.
  • Ansible user with sudo and passwordless ssh access to all nodes in the storage cluster.
  • The [admin] group is defined in the inventory file with a node where the admin keyring is present at /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring.

Procedure

  • As an Ansible user on the bootstrap node, run the purge script:

    Syntax

    ansible-playbook -i hosts cephadm-purge-cluster.yml -e fsid=FSID -vvv

    Example

    [ceph-admin@host01 cephadm-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts cephadm-purge-cluster.yml -e fsid=a6ca415a-cde7-11eb-a41a-002590fc2544 -vvv

    Note

    An additional extra-var (-e ceph_origin=rhcs) is required to zap the disk devices during the purge.

    When the script has completed, the entire storage cluster, including all OSD disks, will have been removed from all hosts in the cluster.

For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9

Prerequisites

  • A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.

Procedure

  1. Disable cephadm to stop all the orchestration operations to avoid deploying new daemons:

    Example

    [ceph: root#host01 /]# ceph mgr module disable cephadm

  2. Get the FSID of the cluster:

    Example

    [ceph: root#host01 /]# ceph fsid

  3. Exit the cephadm shell.

    Example

    [ceph: root@host01 /]# exit

  4. Purge the Ceph daemons from all hosts in the cluster:

    Syntax

    cephadm rm-cluster --force --zap-osds  --fsid FSID

    Example

    [root@host01 ~]# cephadm rm-cluster --force --zap-osds  --fsid a6ca415a-cde7-11eb-a41a-002590fc2544

Chapter 4. Managing a Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster using cephadm-ansible modules

As a storage administrator, you can use cephadm-ansible modules in Ansible playbooks to administer your Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster. The cephadm-ansible package provides several modules that wrap cephadm calls to let you write your own unique Ansible playbooks to administer your cluster.

Note

At this time, cephadm-ansible modules only support the most important tasks. Any operation not covered by cephadm-ansible modules must be completed using either the command or shell Ansible modules in your playbooks.

4.1. The cephadm-ansible modules

The cephadm-ansible modules are a collection of modules that simplify writing Ansible playbooks by providing a wrapper around cephadm and ceph orch commands. You can use the modules to write your own unique Ansible playbooks to administer your cluster using one or more of the modules.

The cephadm-ansible package includes the following modules:

  • cephadm_bootstrap
  • ceph_orch_host
  • ceph_config
  • ceph_orch_apply
  • ceph_orch_daemon
  • cephadm_registry_login

4.2. The cephadm-ansible modules options

The following tables list the available options for the cephadm-ansible modules. Options listed as required need to be set when using the modules in your Ansible playbooks. Options listed with a default value of true indicate that the option is automatically set when using the modules and you do not need to specify it in your playbook. For example, for the cephadm_bootstrap module, the Ceph Dashboard is installed unless you set dashboard: false.

Table 4.1. Available options for the cephadm_bootstrap module.
cephadm_bootstrapDescriptionRequiredDefault

mon_ip

Ceph Monitor IP address.

true

 

image

Ceph container image.

false

 

docker

Use docker instead of podman.

false

 

fsid

Define the Ceph FSID.

false

 

pull

Pull the Ceph container image.

false

true

dashboard

Deploy the Ceph Dashboard.

false

true

dashboard_user

Specify a specific Ceph Dashboard user.

false

 

dashboard_password

Ceph Dashboard password.

false

 

monitoring

Deploy the monitoring stack.

false

true

firewalld

Manage firewall rules with firewalld.

false

true

allow_overwrite

Allow overwrite of existing --output-config, --output-keyring, or --output-pub-ssh-key files.

false

false

registry_url

URL for custom registry.

false

 

registry_username

Username for custom registry.

false

 

registry_password

Password for custom registry.

false

 

registry_json

JSON file with custom registry login information.

false

 

ssh_user

SSH user to use for cephadm ssh to hosts.

false

 

ssh_config

SSH config file path for cephadm SSH client.

false

 

allow_fqdn_hostname

Allow hostname that is a fully-qualified domain name (FQDN).

false

false

cluster_network

Subnet to use for cluster replication, recovery and heartbeats.

false

 
Table 4.2. Available options for the ceph_orch_host module.
ceph_orch_hostDescriptionRequiredDefault

fsid

The FSID of the Ceph cluster to interact with.

false

 

image

The Ceph container image to use.

false

 

name

Name of the host to add, remove, or update.

true

 

address

IP address of the host.

true when state is present.

 

set_admin_label

Set the _admin label on the specified host.

false

false

labels

The list of labels to apply to the host.

false

[]

state

If set to present, it ensures the name specified in name is present. If set to absent, it removes the host specified in name. If set to drain, it schedules to remove all daemons from the host specified in name.

false

present

Table 4.3. Available options for the ceph_config module
ceph_configDescriptionRequiredDefault

fsid

The FSID of the Ceph cluster to interact with.

false

 

image

The Ceph container image to use.

false

 

action

Whether to set or get the parameter specified in option.

false

set

who

Which daemon to set the configuration to.

true

 

option

Name of the parameter to set or get.

true

 

value

Value of the parameter to set.

true if action is set

 
Table 4.4. Available options for the ceph_orch_apply module.
ceph_orch_applyDescriptionRequired

fsid

The FSID of the Ceph cluster to interact with.

false

image

The Ceph container image to use.

false

spec

The service specification to apply.

true

Table 4.5. Available options for the ceph_orch_daemon module.
ceph_orch_daemonDescriptionRequired

fsid

The FSID of the Ceph cluster to interact with.

false

image

The Ceph container image to use.

false

state

The desired state of the service specified in name.

true

If started, it ensures the service is started.

If stopped, it ensures the service is stopped.

If restarted, it will restart the service.

daemon_id

The ID of the service.

true

daemon_type

The type of service.

true

Table 4.6. Available options for the cephadm_registry_login module
cephadm_registry_loginDescriptionRequiredDefault

state

Login or logout of a registry.

false

login

docker

Use docker instead of podman.

false

 

registry_url

The URL for custom registry.

false

 

registry_username

Username for custom registry.

true when state is login.

 

registry_password

Password for custom registry.

true when state is login.

 

registry_json

The path to a JSON file. This file must be present on remote hosts prior to running this task. This option is currently not supported.

  

4.3. Bootstrapping a storage cluster using the cephadm_bootstrap and cephadm_registry_login modules

As a storage administrator, you can bootstrap a storage cluster using Ansible by using the cephadm_bootstrap and cephadm_registry_login modules in your Ansible playbook.

Prerequisites

  • An IP address for the first Ceph Monitor container, which is also the IP address for the first node in the storage cluster.
  • Login access to registry.redhat.io.
  • A minimum of 10 GB of free space for /var/lib/containers/.
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 EUS or Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.5.
  • Installation of the cephadm-ansible package on the Ansible administration node.
  • Passwordless SSH is set up on all hosts in the storage cluster.
  • Hosts are registered with CDN.

Procedure

  1. Log in to the Ansible administration node.
  2. Navigate to the /usr/share/cephadm-ansible directory on the Ansible administration node:

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin ~]$ cd /usr/share/cephadm-ansible

  3. Create the hosts file and add hosts, labels, and monitor IP address of the first host in the storage cluster:

    Syntax

    sudo vi INVENTORY_FILE
    
    HOST1 labels="['LABEL1', 'LABEL2']"
    HOST2 labels="['LABEL1', 'LABEL2']"
    HOST3 labels="['LABEL1']"
    
    [admin]
    ADMIN_HOST monitor_address=MONITOR_IP_ADDRESS labels="['ADMIN_LABEL', 'LABEL1', 'LABEL2']"

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ sudo vi hosts
    
    host02 labels="['mon', 'mgr']"
    host03 labels="['mon', 'mgr']"
    host04 labels="['osd']"
    host05 labels="['osd']"
    host06 labels="['osd']"
    
    [admin]
    host01 monitor_address=10.10.128.68 labels="['_admin', 'mon', 'mgr']"

  4. Run the preflight playbook:

    Syntax

    ansible-playbook -i INVENTORY_FILE cephadm-preflight.yml --extra-vars "ceph_origin=rhcs"

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts cephadm-preflight.yml --extra-vars "ceph_origin=rhcs"

  5. Create a playbook to bootstrap your cluster:

    Syntax

    sudo vi PLAYBOOK_FILENAME.yml
    
    ---
    - name: NAME_OF_PLAY
      hosts: BOOTSTRAP_HOST
      become: USE_ELEVATED_PRIVILEGES
      gather_facts: GATHER_FACTS_ABOUT_REMOTE_HOSTS
      tasks:
        -name: NAME_OF_TASK
         cephadm_registry_login:
           state: STATE
           registry_url: REGISTRY_URL
           registry_username: REGISTRY_USER_NAME
           registry_password: REGISTRY_PASSWORD
    
        - name: NAME_OF_TASK
          cephadm_bootstrap:
            mon_ip: "{{ monitor_address }}"
            dashboard_user: DASHBOARD_USER
            dashboard_password: DASHBOARD_PASSWORD
            allow_fqdn_hostname: ALLOW_FQDN_HOSTNAME
            cluster_network: NETWORK_CIDR

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ sudo vi bootstrap.yml
    
    ---
    - name: bootstrap the cluster
      hosts: host01
      become: true
      gather_facts: false
      tasks:
        - name: login to registry
          cephadm_registry_login:
            state: login
            registry_url: registry.redhat.io
            registry_username: user1
            registry_password: mypassword1
    
        - name: bootstrap initial cluster
          cephadm_bootstrap:
            mon_ip: "{{ monitor_address }}"
            dashboard_user: mydashboarduser
            dashboard_password: mydashboardpassword
            allow_fqdn_hostname: true
            cluster_network: 10.10.128.0/28

  6. Run the playbook:

    Syntax

    ansible-playbook -i INVENTORY_FILE PLAYBOOK_FILENAME.yml -vvv

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts bootstrap.yml -vvv

Verification

  • Review the Ansible output after running the playbook.

4.4. Adding or removing hosts using the ceph_orch_host module

As a storage administrator, you can add and remove hosts in your storage cluster by using the ceph_orch_host module in your Ansible playbook.

Prerequisites

  • A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
  • Register the nodes to the CDN and attach subscriptions.
  • Ansible user with sudo and passwordless SSH access to all nodes in the storage cluster.
  • Installation of the cephadm-ansible package on the Ansible administration node.
  • New hosts have the storage cluster’s public SSH key. For more information about copying the storage cluster’s public SSH keys to new hosts, see Adding hosts in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Installation Guide.

Procedure

  1. Use the following procedure to add new hosts to the cluster:

    1. Log in to the Ansible administration node.
    2. Navigate to the /usr/share/cephadm-ansible directory on the Ansible administration node:

      Example

      [ceph-admin@admin ~]$ cd /usr/share/cephadm-ansible

    3. Add the new hosts and labels to the Ansible inventory file.

      Syntax

      sudo vi INVENTORY_FILE
      
      NEW_HOST1 labels="['LABEL1', 'LABEL2']"
      NEW_HOST2 labels="['LABEL1', 'LABEL2']"
      NEW_HOST3 labels="['LABEL1']"
      
      [admin]
      ADMIN_HOST monitor_address=MONITOR_IP_ADDRESS labels="['ADMIN_LABEL', 'LABEL1', 'LABEL2']"

      Example

      [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ sudo vi hosts
      
      host02 labels="['mon', 'mgr']"
      host03 labels="['mon', 'mgr']"
      host04 labels="['osd']"
      host05 labels="['osd']"
      host06 labels="['osd']"
      
      [admin]
      host01 monitor_address= 10.10.128.68 labels="['_admin', 'mon', 'mgr']"

      Note

      If you have previously added the new hosts to the Ansible inventory file and ran the preflight playbook on the hosts, skip to step 3.

    4. Run the preflight playbook with the --limit option:

      Syntax

      ansible-playbook -i INVENTORY_FILE cephadm-preflight.yml --extra-vars "ceph_origin=rhcs" --limit NEWHOST

      Example

      [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts cephadm-preflight.yml --extra-vars "ceph_origin=rhcs" --limit host02

      The preflight playbook installs podman, lvm2, chronyd, and cephadm on the new host. After installation is complete, cephadm resides in the /usr/sbin/ directory.

    5. Create a playbook to add the new hosts to the cluster:

      Syntax

      sudo vi PLAYBOOK_FILENAME.yml
      
      ---
      - name: PLAY_NAME
        hosts: HOSTS_OR_HOST_GROUPS
        become: USE_ELEVATED_PRIVILEGES
        gather_facts: GATHER_FACTS_ABOUT_REMOTE_HOSTS
        tasks:
          - name: NAME_OF_TASK
            ceph_orch_host:
              name: "{{ ansible_facts['hostname'] }}"
              address: "{{ ansible_facts['default_ipv4']['address'] }}"
              labels: "{{ labels }}"
            delegate_to: HOST_TO_DELEGATE_TASK_TO
      
          - name: NAME_OF_TASK
            when: inventory_hostname in groups['admin']
            ansible.builtin.shell:
              cmd: CEPH_COMMAND_TO_RUN
            register: REGISTER_NAME
      
          - name: NAME_OF_TASK
            when: inventory_hostname in groups['admin']
            debug:
              msg: "{{ REGISTER_NAME.stdout }}"

      Note

      By default, Ansible executes all tasks on the host that matches the hosts line of your playbook. The ceph orch commands must run on the host that contains the admin keyring and the Ceph configuration file. Use the delegate_to keyword to specify the admin host in your cluster.

      Example

      [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ sudo vi add-hosts.yml
      
      ---
      - name: add additional hosts to the cluster
        hosts: all
        become: true
        gather_facts: true
        tasks:
          - name: add hosts to the cluster
            ceph_orch_host:
              name: "{{ ansible_facts['hostname'] }}"
              address: "{{ ansible_facts['default_ipv4']['address'] }}"
              labels: "{{ labels }}"
            delegate_to: host01
      
          - name: list hosts in the cluster
            when: inventory_hostname in groups['admin']
            ansible.builtin.shell:
              cmd: ceph orch host ls
            register: host_list
      
          - name: print current list of hosts
            when: inventory_hostname in groups['admin']
            debug:
              msg: "{{ host_list.stdout }}"

      In this example, the playbook adds the new hosts to the cluster and displays a current list of hosts.

    6. Run the playbook to add additional hosts to the cluster:

      Syntax

      ansible-playbook -i INVENTORY_FILE PLAYBOOK_FILENAME.yml

      Example

      [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts add-hosts.yml

  2. Use the following procedure to remove hosts from the cluster:

    1. Log in to the Ansible administration node.
    2. Navigate to the /usr/share/cephadm-ansible directory on the Ansible administration node:

      Example

      [ceph-admin@admin ~]$ cd /usr/share/cephadm-ansible

    3. Create a playbook to remove a host or hosts from the cluster:

      Syntax

      sudo vi PLAYBOOK_FILENAME.yml
      
      ---
      - name: NAME_OF_PLAY
        hosts: ADMIN_HOST
        become: USE_ELEVATED_PRIVILEGES
        gather_facts: GATHER_FACTS_ABOUT_REMOTE_HOSTS
        tasks:
          - name: NAME_OF_TASK
            ceph_orch_host:
              name: HOST_TO_REMOVE
              state: STATE
      
          - name: NAME_OF_TASK
            ceph_orch_host:
              name: HOST_TO_REMOVE
              state: STATE
            retries: NUMBER_OF_RETRIES
            delay: DELAY
            until: CONTINUE_UNTIL
            register: REGISTER_NAME
      
          - name: NAME_OF_TASK
            ansible.builtin.shell:
              cmd: ceph orch host ls
            register: REGISTER_NAME
      
          - name: NAME_OF_TASK
              debug:
                msg: "{{ REGISTER_NAME.stdout }}"

      Example

      [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ sudo vi remove-hosts.yml
      
      ---
      - name: remove host
        hosts: host01
        become: true
        gather_facts: true
        tasks:
          - name: drain host07
            ceph_orch_host:
              name: host07
              state: drain
      
          - name: remove host from the cluster
            ceph_orch_host:
              name: host07
              state: absent
            retries: 20
            delay: 1
            until: result is succeeded
            register: result
      
           - name: list hosts in the cluster
             ansible.builtin.shell:
               cmd: ceph orch host ls
             register: host_list
      
           - name: print current list of hosts
             debug:
               msg: "{{ host_list.stdout }}"

      In this example, the playbook tasks drain all daemons on host07, removes the host from the cluster, and displays a current list of hosts.

    4. Run the playbook to remove host from the cluster:

      Syntax

      ansible-playbook -i INVENTORY_FILE PLAYBOOK_FILENAME.yml

      Example

      [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts remove-hosts.yml

Verification

  • Review the Ansible task output displaying the current list of hosts in the cluster:

    Example

    TASK [print current hosts] ******************************************************************************************************
    Friday 24 June 2022  14:52:40 -0400 (0:00:03.365)       0:02:31.702 ***********
    ok: [host01] =>
      msg: |-
        HOST    ADDR           LABELS          STATUS
        host01  10.10.128.68   _admin mon mgr
        host02  10.10.128.69   mon mgr
        host03  10.10.128.70   mon mgr
        host04  10.10.128.71   osd
        host05  10.10.128.72   osd
        host06  10.10.128.73   osd

4.5. Setting configuration options using the ceph_config module

As a storage administrator, you can set or get Red Hat Ceph Storage configuration options using the ceph_config module.

Prerequisites

  • A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
  • Ansible user with sudo and passwordless SSH access to all nodes in the storage cluster.
  • Installation of the cephadm-ansible package on the Ansible administration node.
  • The Ansible inventory file contains the cluster and admin hosts.

Procedure

  1. Log in to the Ansible administration node.
  2. Navigate to the /usr/share/cephadm-ansible directory on the Ansible administration node:

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin ~]$ cd /usr/share/cephadm-ansible

  3. Create a playbook with configuration changes:

    Syntax

    sudo vi PLAYBOOK_FILENAME.yml
    
    ---
    - name: PLAY_NAME
      hosts: ADMIN_HOST
      become: USE_ELEVATED_PRIVILEGES
      gather_facts: GATHER_FACTS_ABOUT_REMOTE_HOSTS
      tasks:
        - name: NAME_OF_TASK
          ceph_config:
            action: GET_OR_SET
            who: DAEMON_TO_SET_CONFIGURATION_TO
            option: CEPH_CONFIGURATION_OPTION
            value: VALUE_OF_PARAMETER_TO_SET
    
        - name: NAME_OF_TASK
          ceph_config:
            action: GET_OR_SET
            who: DAEMON_TO_SET_CONFIGURATION_TO
            option: CEPH_CONFIGURATION_OPTION
          register: REGISTER_NAME
    
        - name: NAME_OF_TASK
          debug:
            msg: "MESSAGE_TO_DISPLAY {{ REGISTER_NAME.stdout }}"

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ sudo vi change_configuration.yml
    
    ---
    - name: set pool delete
      hosts: host01
      become: true
      gather_facts: false
      tasks:
        - name: set the allow pool delete option
          ceph_config:
            action: set
            who: mon
            option: mon_allow_pool_delete
            value: true
    
        - name: get the allow pool delete setting
          ceph_config:
            action: get
            who: mon
            option: mon_allow_pool_delete
          register: verify_mon_allow_pool_delete
    
        - name: print current mon_allow_pool_delete setting
          debug:
            msg: "the value of 'mon_allow_pool_delete' is {{ verify_mon_allow_pool_delete.stdout }}"

    In this example, the playbook first sets the mon_allow_pool_delete option to false. The playbook then gets the current mon_allow_pool_delete setting and displays the value in the Ansible output.

  4. Run the playbook:

    Syntax

    ansible-playbook -i INVENTORY_FILE _PLAYBOOK_FILENAME.yml

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts change_configuration.yml

Verification

  • Review the output from the playbook tasks.

    Example

    TASK [print current mon_allow_pool_delete setting] *************************************************************
    Wednesday 29 June 2022  13:51:41 -0400 (0:00:05.523)       0:00:17.953 ********
    ok: [host01] =>
      msg: the value of 'mon_allow_pool_delete' is true

Additional Resources

4.6. Applying a service specification using the ceph_orch_apply module

As a storage administrator, you can apply service specifications to your storage cluster using the ceph_orch_apply module in your Ansible playbooks. A service specification is a data structure to specify the service attributes and configuration settings that is used to deploy the Ceph service. You can use a service specification to deploy Ceph service types like mon, crash, mds, mgr, osd, rdb, or rbd-mirror.

Prerequisites

  • A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
  • Ansible user with sudo and passwordless SSH access to all nodes in the storage cluster.
  • Installation of the cephadm-ansible package on the Ansible administration node.
  • The Ansible inventory file contains the cluster and admin hosts.

Procedure

  1. Log in to the Ansible administration node.
  2. Navigate to the /usr/share/cephadm-ansible directory on the Ansible administration node:

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin ~]$ cd /usr/share/cephadm-ansible

  3. Create a playbook with the service specifications:

    Syntax

    sudo vi PLAYBOOK_FILENAME.yml
    
    ---
    - name: PLAY_NAME
      hosts: HOSTS_OR_HOST_GROUPS
      become: USE_ELEVATED_PRIVILEGES
      gather_facts: GATHER_FACTS_ABOUT_REMOTE_HOSTS
      tasks:
        - name: NAME_OF_TASK
          ceph_orch_apply:
            spec: |
              service_type: SERVICE_TYPE
              service_id: UNIQUE_NAME_OF_SERVICE
              placement:
                host_pattern: 'HOST_PATTERN_TO_SELECT_HOSTS'
                label: LABEL
              spec:
                SPECIFICATION_OPTIONS:

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ sudo vi deploy_osd_service.yml
    
    ---
    - name: deploy osd service
      hosts: host01
      become: true
      gather_facts: true
      tasks:
        - name: apply osd spec
          ceph_orch_apply:
            spec: |
              service_type: osd
              service_id: osd
              placement:
                host_pattern: '*'
                label: osd
              spec:
                data_devices:
                  all: true

    In this example, the playbook deploys the Ceph OSD service on all hosts with the label osd.

  4. Run the playbook:

    Syntax

    ansible-playbook -i INVENTORY_FILE _PLAYBOOK_FILENAME.yml

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts deploy_osd_service.yml

Verification

  • Review the output from the playbook tasks.

Additional Resources

4.7. Managing Ceph daemon states using the ceph_orch_daemon module

As a storage administrator, you can start, stop, and restart Ceph daemons on hosts using the ceph_orch_daemon module in your Ansible playbooks.

Prerequisites

  • A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
  • Ansible user with sudo and passwordless SSH access to all nodes in the storage cluster.
  • Installation of the cephadm-ansible package on the Ansible administration node.
  • The Ansible inventory file contains the cluster and admin hosts.

Procedure

  1. Log in to the Ansible administration node.
  2. Navigate to the /usr/share/cephadm-ansible directory on the Ansible administration node:

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin ~]$ cd /usr/share/cephadm-ansible

  3. Create a playbook with daemon state changes:

    Syntax

    sudo vi PLAYBOOK_FILENAME.yml
    
    ---
    - name: PLAY_NAME
      hosts: ADMIN_HOST
      become: USE_ELEVATED_PRIVILEGES
      gather_facts: GATHER_FACTS_ABOUT_REMOTE_HOSTS
      tasks:
        - name: NAME_OF_TASK
          ceph_orch_daemon:
            state: STATE_OF_SERVICE
            daemon_id: DAEMON_ID
            daemon_type: TYPE_OF_SERVICE

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ sudo vi restart_services.yml
    
    ---
    - name: start and stop services
      hosts: host01
      become: true
      gather_facts: false
      tasks:
        - name: start osd.0
          ceph_orch_daemon:
            state: started
            daemon_id: 0
            daemon_type: osd
    
        - name: stop mon.host02
          ceph_orch_daemon:
            state: stopped
            daemon_id: host02
            daemon_type: mon

    In this example, the playbook starts the OSD with an ID of 0 and stops a Ceph Monitor with an id of host02.

  4. Run the playbook:

    Syntax

    ansible-playbook -i INVENTORY_FILE _PLAYBOOK_FILENAME.yml

    Example

    [ceph-admin@admin cephadm-ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts restart_services.yml

Verification

  • Review the output from the playbook tasks.

Chapter 5. What to do next?

As a storage administrator, once you have installed and configured Red Hat Ceph Storage 5, you are ready to perform "Day Two" operations for your storage cluster. These operations include adding metadata servers (MDS) and object gateways (RGW), and configuring services such as iSCSI and NFS.

For more information about how to use the cephadm orchestrator to perform "Day Two" operations, refer to the Red Hat Ceph Storage 5 Operations Guide.

To deploy, configure, and administer the Ceph Object Gateway on "Day Two" operations, refer to the Red Hat Ceph Storage 5 Object Gateway Guide.

Appendix A. Comparison between Ceph Ansible and Cephadm

The Red Hat Ceph Storage 5 introduces a new deployment tool, Cephadm, for the containerized deployment of the storage cluster.

The tables compare Cephadm with Ceph-Ansible playbooks for managing the containerized deployment of a Ceph cluster for day one and day two operations.

Table A.1. Day one operations
DescriptionCeph-AnsibleCephadm

Installation of the Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster

Run the site-container.yml playbook.

Run cephadm bootstrap command to bootstrap the cluster on the admin node.

Addition of hosts

Use the Ceph Ansible inventory.

Run ceph orch host add HOST_NAME to add hosts to the cluster.

Addition of monitors

Run the add-mon.yml playbook.

Run the ceph orch apply mon command.

Addition of managers

Run the site-container.yml playbook.

Run the ceph orch apply mgr command.

Addition of OSDs

Run the add-osd.yml playbook.

Run the ceph orch apply osd command to add OSDs on all available devices or on specific hosts.

Addition of OSDs on specific devices

Select the devices in the osd.yml file and then run the add-osd.yml playbook.

Select the paths filter under the data_devices in the osd.yml file and then run ceph orch apply -i FILE_NAME.yml command.

Addition of MDS

Run the site-container.yml playbook.

Run the ceph orch apply FILESYSTEM_NAME command to add MDS.

Addition of Ceph Object Gateway

Run the site-container.yml playbook.

Run the ceph orch apply rgw commands to add Ceph Object Gateway.

Table A.2. Day two operations
DescriptionCeph-AnsibleCephadm

Removing hosts

Use the Ansible inventory.

Run ceph orch host rm HOST_NAME to remove the hosts.

Removing monitors

Run the shrink-mon.yml playbook.

Run ceph orch apply mon to redeploy other monitors.

Removing managers

Run the shrink-mon.yml playbook.

Run ceph orch apply mgr to redeploy other managers.

Removing OSDs

Run the shrink-osd.yml playbook.

Run ceph orch osd rm OSD_ID to remove the OSDs.

Removing MDS

Run the shrink-mds.yml playbook.

Run ceph orch rm SERVICE_NAME to remove the specific service.

Exporting Ceph File System over NFS Protocol.

Not supported on Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.

Run ceph nfs export create command.

Deployment of Ceph Object Gateway

Run the site-container.yml playbook.

Run ceph orch apply rgw SERVICE_NAME to deploy Ceph Object Gateway service.

Removing Ceph Object Gateway

Run the shrink-rgw.yml playbook.

Run ceph orch rm SERVICE_NAME to remove the specific service.

Deployment of iSCSI gateways

Run the site-container.yml playbook.

Run ceph orch apply iscsi to deploy iSCSI gateway.

Block device mirroring

Run the site-container.yml playbook.

Run ceph orch apply rbd-mirror command.

Minor version upgrade of Red Hat Ceph Storage

Run the infrastructure-playbooks/rolling_update.yml playbook.

Run ceph orch upgrade start command.

Upgrading from Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 to Red Hat Ceph Storage 5

Run infrastructure-playbooks/rolling_update.yml playbook.

Upgrade using Cephadm is not supported.

Deployment of monitoring stack

Edit the all.yml file during installation.

Run the ceph orch apply -i FILE.yml after specifying the services.

Additional Resources

Appendix B. The cephadm commands

The cephadm is a command line tool to manage the local host for the Cephadm Orchestrator. It provides commands to investigate and modify the state of the current host.

Some of the commands are generally used for debugging.

Note

cephadm is not required on all hosts, however, it is useful when investigating a particular daemon. The cephadm-ansible-preflight playbook installs cephadm on all hosts and the cephadm-ansible purge playbook requires cephadm be installed on all hosts to work properly.

adopt
Description
Convert an upgraded storage cluster daemon to run cephadm.
Syntax
cephadm adopt [-h] --name DAEMON_NAME --style STYLE [--cluster CLUSTER] --legacy-dir [LEGACY_DIR] --config-json CONFIG_JSON] [--skip-firewalld] [--skip-pull]
Example
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm adopt --style=legacy --name prometheus.host02
ceph-volume
Description
This command is used to list all the devices on the particular host. Run the ceph-volume command inside a container Deploys OSDs with different device technologies like lvm or physical disks using pluggable tools and follows a predictable, and robust way of preparing, activating, and starting OSDs.
Syntax
cephadm ceph-volume inventory/simple/raw/lvm [-h] [--fsid FSID] [--config-json CONFIG_JSON] [--config CONFIG, -c CONFIG] [--keyring KEYRING, -k KEYRING]
Example
[root@nhost01 ~]# cephadm ceph-volume inventory --fsid f64f341c-655d-11eb-8778-fa163e914bcc
check-host
Description
Check the host configuration that is suitable for a Ceph cluster.
Syntax
cephadm check-host [--expect-hostname HOSTNAME]
Example
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm check-host --expect-hostname host02
deploy
Description
Deploys a daemon on the local host.
Syntax
cephadm shell deploy DAEMON_TYPE [-h] [--name DAEMON_NAME] [--fsid FSID] [--config CONFIG, -c CONFIG] [--config-json CONFIG_JSON] [--keyring KEYRING] [--key KEY] [--osd-fsid OSD_FSID] [--skip-firewalld] [--tcp-ports TCP_PORTS] [--reconfig] [--allow-ptrace] [--memory-request MEMORY_REQUEST] [--memory-limit MEMORY_LIMIT] [--meta-json META_JSON]
Example
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm shell deploy mon --fsid f64f341c-655d-11eb-8778-fa163e914bcc
enter
Description
Run an interactive shell inside a running daemon container.
Syntax
cephadm enter [-h] [--fsid FSID] --name NAME [command [command …]]
Example
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm enter --name 52c611f2b1d9
help
Description
View all the commands supported by cephadm.
Syntax
cephadm help
Example
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm help
install
Description
Install the packages.
Syntax
cephadm install PACKAGES
Example
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm install ceph-common ceph-osd
inspect-image
Description
Inspect the local Ceph container image.
Syntax
cephadm --image IMAGE_ID inspect-image
Example
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm --image 13ea90216d0be03003d12d7869f72ad9de5cec9e54a27fd308e01e467c0d4a0a inspect-image
list-networks
Description
List the IP networks.
Syntax
cephadm list-networks
Example
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm list-networks
ls
Description
List daemon instances known to cephadm on the hosts. You can use --no-detail for the command to run faster, which gives details of the daemon name, fsid, style, and systemd unit per daemon. You can use --legacy-dir option to specify a legacy base directory to search for daemons.
Syntax
cephadm ls [--no-detail] [--legacy-dir LEGACY_DIR]
Example
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm ls --no-detail
logs
Description
Print journald logs for a daemon container. This is similar to the journalctl command.
Syntax
cephadm logs [--fsid FSID] --name DAEMON_NAME
cephadm logs [--fsid FSID] --name DAEMON_NAME -- -n NUMBER # Last N lines
cephadm logs [--fsid FSID] --name DAEMON_NAME -- -f # Follow the logs
Example
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm logs --fsid 57bddb48-ee04-11eb-9962-001a4a000672 --name osd.8
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm logs --fsid 57bddb48-ee04-11eb-9962-001a4a000672 --name osd.8 -- -n 20
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm logs --fsid 57bddb48-ee04-11eb-9962-001a4a000672 --name osd.8 -- -f
prepare-host
Description
Prepare a host for cephadm.
Syntax
cephadm prepare-host [--expect-hostname HOSTNAME]
Example
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm prepare-host
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm prepare-host --expect-hostname host01
pull
Description
Pull the Ceph image.
Syntax
cephadm [-h] [--image IMAGE_ID] pull
Example
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm --image 13ea90216d0be03003d12d7869f72ad9de5cec9e54a27fd308e01e467c0d4a0a pull
registry-login
Description
Give cephadm login information for an authenticated registry. Cephadm attempts to log the calling host into that registry.
Syntax
cephadm registry-login --registry-url [REGISTRY_URL] --registry-username [USERNAME] --registry-password [PASSWORD] [--fsid FSID] [--registry-json JSON_FILE]
Example
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm registry-login --registry-url registry.redhat.io --registry-username myuser1 --registry-password mypassword1

You can also use a JSON registry file containing the login info formatted as:

Syntax
cat REGISTRY_FILE

{
 "url":"REGISTRY_URL",
 "username":"REGISTRY_USERNAME",
 "password":"REGISTRY_PASSWORD"
}
Example
[root@host01 ~]# cat registry_file

{
 "url":"registry.redhat.io",
 "username":"myuser",
 "password":"mypass"
}

[root@host01 ~]# cephadm registry-login -i registry_file
rm-daemon
Description
Remove a specific daemon instance. If you run the cephadm rm-daemon command on the host directly, although the command removes the daemon, the cephadm mgr module notices that the daemon is missing and redeploys it. This command is problematic and should be used only for experimental purposes and debugging.
Syntax
cephadm rm-daemon [--fsid FSID] [--name DAEMON_NAME] [--force ] [--force-delete-data]
Example
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm rm-daemon --fsid f64f341c-655d-11eb-8778-fa163e914bcc --name osd.8
rm-cluster
Description
Remove all the daemons from a storage cluster on that specific host where it is run. Similar to rm-daemon, if you remove a few daemons this way and the Ceph Orchestrator is not paused and some of those daemons belong to services that are not unmanaged, the cephadm orchestrator just redeploys them there.
Syntax
cephadm rm-cluster [--fsid FSID] [--force]
Example
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm rm-cluster --fsid f64f341c-655d-11eb-8778-fa163e914bcc
rm-repo
Description
Remove a package repository configuration. This is mainly used for the disconnected installation of Red Hat Ceph Storage.
Syntax
cephadm rm-repo [-h]
Example
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm rm-repo
run
Description
Run a Ceph daemon, in a container, in the foreground.
Syntax
cephadm run [--fsid FSID] --name DAEMON_NAME
Example
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm run --fsid f64f341c-655d-11eb-8778-fa163e914bcc --name osd.8
shell
Description
Run an interactive shell with access to Ceph commands over the inferred or specified Ceph cluster. You can enter the shell using the cephadm shell command and run all the orchestrator commands within the shell.
Syntax
cephadm shell  [--fsid FSID] [--name DAEMON_NAME, -n DAEMON_NAME] [--config CONFIG, -c CONFIG] [--mount MOUNT, -m MOUNT] [--keyring KEYRING, -k KEYRING] [--env ENV, -e ENV]
Example
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm shell -- ceph orch ls
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm shell
unit
Description
Start, stop, restart, enable, and disable the daemons with this operation. This operates on the daemon’s systemd unit.
Syntax
cephadm unit [--fsid FSID] --name DAEMON_NAME start/stop/restart/enable/disable
Example
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm unit --fsid f64f341c-655d-11eb-8778-fa163e914bcc --name osd.8 start
version
Description
Provides the version of the storage cluster.
Syntax
cephadm version
Example
[root@host01 ~]# cephadm version

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