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Chapter 3. Transitioning from Xorg to Wayland in RHEL

Understand the differences between the Xorg and Wayland display protocols. This chapter describes how to enable or disable Wayland in Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

3.1. Understanding Xorg versus Wayland
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Wayland is a modern display protocol that replaces Xorg for improved security, latency, and rendering efficiency. Many Xorg applications continue to work on Wayland by using XWayland.

XWayland is an X server that runs on top of Wayland to make X11 applications compatible with Wayland environments. It acts as a compatibility layer for X11 applications to access Xorg libraries so they can run under Wayland compositors.

Key differences between Xorg and Wayland
  • Security: Wayland improves security by isolating each application. In Xorg, one application can read data or capture input from other applications.
  • Performance: Wayland is smoother and reduces screen flickering compared to Xorg.
  • Modern Design: Wayland is newer and simpler. Xorg is a complex, older technology.
  • Screen Scaling: Wayland handles high-resolution screens (HiDPI) better, especially when using multiple monitors.
Note

You can also select Wayland or Xorg session at login.

3.2. Enabling Wayland on RHEL
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To enable Wayland, use GNOME Display Manager (GDM) configuration file.

Prerequisites

  • You must have root privileges on your system.

Procedure

  1. Check current session type: 

    # echo $XDG_SESSION_TYPE
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    The output is x11 for Xorg sessions.

  2. Open the GDM configuration file: 

    # gedit /etc/gdm/custom.conf
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  3. Ensure the following line is absent or commented: 

    WaylandEnable=false
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  4. Save the file.

  5. Reboot the system: 

    # systemctl reboot
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Verification

  • Verify that the session is running on Wayland: 

    $ echo $XDG_SESSION_TYPE
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    wayland
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3.3. Disabling Wayland on RHEL
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To disable Wayland, configure the GNOME Display Manager (GDM) to use the Xorg display server.

Prerequisites

  • You must have root privileges on your system.

Procedure

  1. Check current session type: 

    # echo $XDG_SESSION_TYPE
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    The output is wayland for Wayland sessions.

  2. Open the GDM configuration file: 

    # gedit /etc/gdm/custom.conf
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  3. Uncomment or add the following line: 

    WaylandEnable=false
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  4. Save the file.

  5. Reboot the system: 

    # systemctl reboot
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Verification

  • Verify that the session is running on Xorg: 

    $ echo $XDG_SESSION_TYPE
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    x11
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