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Chapter 9. Messaging Endpoints
Abstract
The messaging endpoint patterns describe various features and qualities of service that can be configured on an endpoint.
9.1. Messaging Mapper
Overview
The messaging mapper pattern describes how to map domain objects to and from a canonical message format, where the message format is chosen to be as platform neutral as possible. The chosen message format should be suitable for transmission through a message bus, where the message bus is the backbone for integrating a variety of different systems, some of which might not be object-oriented.
Many different approaches are possible, but not all of them fulfill the requirements of a messaging mapper. For example, an obvious way to transmit an object is to use object serialization, which enables you to write an object to a data stream using an unambiguous encoding (supported natively in Java). However, this is not a suitable approach to use for the messaging mapper pattern, however, because the serialization format is understood only by Java applications. Java object serialization creates an impedance mismatch between the original application and the other applications in the messaging system.
The requirements for a messaging mapper can be summarized as follows:
- The canonical message format used to transmit domain objects should be suitable for consumption by non-object oriented applications.
- The mapper code should be implemented separately from both the domain object code and the messaging infrastructure. Apache Camel helps fulfill this requirement by providing hooks that can be used to insert mapper code into a route.
- The mapper might need to find an effective way of dealing with certain object-oriented concepts such as inheritance, object references, and object trees. The complexity of these issues varies from application to application, but the aim of the mapper implementation must always be to create messages that can be processed effectively by non-object-oriented applications.
Finding objects to map
You can use one of the following mechanisms to find the objects to map:
- Find a registered bean. — For singleton objects and small numbers of objects, you could use the
CamelContextregistry to store references to beans. For example, if a bean instance is instantiated using Spring XML, it is automatically entered into the registry, where the bean is identified by the value of itsidattribute. - Select objects using the JoSQL language. — If all of the objects you want to access are already instantiated at runtime, you could use the JoSQL language to locate a specific object (or objects). For example, if you have a class,
org.apache.camel.builder.sql.Person, with anamebean property and the incoming message has aUserNameheader, you could select the object whosenameproperty equals the value of theUserNameheader using the following code:import static org.apache.camel.builder.sql.SqlBuilder.sql; import org.apache.camel.Expression; ... Expression expression = sql("SELECT * FROM org.apache.camel.builder.sql.Person where name = :UserName"); Object value = expression.evaluate(exchange);Where the syntax,:HeaderName, is used to substitute the value of a header in a JoSQL expression. - Dynamic — For a more scalable solution, it might be necessary to read object data from a database. In some cases, the existing object-oriented application might already provide a finder object that can load objects from the database. In other cases, you might have to write some custom code to extract objects from a database, and in these cases the JDBC component and the SQL component might be useful.
