Chapter 12. Threading and scheduling

The container object can handle multiple connections concurrently. When AMQP events occur on connections, the container calls messaging_handler callback functions. Callbacks for any one connection are serialized (not called concurrently), but callbacks for different connections can be safely executed in parallel.

You can assign a handler to a connection in container::connect() or listen_handler::on_accept() using the handler connection option. It is recommended to create a separate handler for each connection so that the handler does not need locks or other synchronization to protect it against concurrent use by library threads. If any non-library threads use the handler concurrently, then you need synchronization.

The connection, session, sender, receiver, tracker, and delivery objects are not thread-safe and are subject to the following rules.

The message object is a value type with the same threading constraints as a standard C++ built-in type. It cannot be concurrently modified.

The work_queue interface provides a safe way to communicate between different connection handlers or between non-library threads and connection handlers.

When the library calls the work function, it is serialized safely so that you can treat the work function like an event callback and safely access the handler and AMQ C++ objects stored on it.

The connection::wake() method allows any thread to prompt activity on a connection by triggering an on_connection_wake() callback. This is the only thread-safe method on connection.

wake() is a lightweight, low-level primitive for signaling between threads.

The semantics of wake() are similar to std::condition_variable::notify_one(). There will be a wakeup, but there must be some shared application state to determine why the wakeup occurred and what, if anything, to do about it.

Work queues are easier to use in many instances, but wake() may be useful if you already have your own external thread-safe queues and need an efficient way to wake a connection to check them for data.

AMQ C++ has the ability to execute code after a delay. You can use this to implement time-based behaviors in your application, such as periodically scheduled work or timeouts.

To defer work for a fixed amount of time, use the schedule method to set the delay and register a function defining the work.

void on_sender_open(proton::sender& snd) override {
    proton::duration interval {5 * proton::duration::SECOND};
    snd.work_queue().schedule(interval, [=] { send(snd); });
}

void send(proton::sender snd) {
    if (snd.credit() > 0) {
        proton::message msg {"hello"};
        snd.send(msg);
    }
}

void on_sender_open(proton::sender& snd) override {
    proton::duration interval {5 * proton::duration::SECOND};
    snd.work_queue().schedule(interval, [=] { send(snd); });
}

void send(proton::sender snd) {
    if (snd.credit() > 0) {
        proton::message msg {"hello"};
        snd.send(msg);
    }
}

This example uses the schedule method on the work queue of the sender in order to establish it as the execution context for the work.

Before C++11 there was no standard support for threading in C++. You can use AMQ C++ with threads but with the following limitations.

The container::schedule() and work_queue APIs accept C++11 lambda functions to define units of work. If you are using a version of C++ that does not support lambdas, you must use the make_work() function instead.