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Chapter 1. Introducing RHEL on public cloud platforms

Public cloud platforms offer computing resources as a service. Instead of using on-premise hardware, you can run your IT workloads, including Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) systems, as public cloud instances.

1.1. Benefits of using RHEL in a public cloud
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Running Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) on public cloud platforms provides flexible resource allocation, cost efficiency, and software-controlled configurations to optimize your infrastructure without managing physical hardware.

RHEL as a cloud instance located on a public cloud platform has the following benefits over RHEL on-premise physical systems or virtual machines (VMs):

Flexible and fine-grained allocation of resources

A cloud instance of RHEL runs as a VM on a cloud platform, which means a cluster of remote servers maintained by the cloud service provider. Therefore, on the software level, allocating hardware resources to the instance is easily customizable, such as a specific type of CPU or storage.

In comparison to a local RHEL system, you are also not limited by the capabilities of physical host. Instead, you can select from a variety of features, based on selections offered by the cloud provider.

Space and cost efficiency

You do not need to own any on-premise servers to host cloud workloads. This avoids the space, power, and maintenance requirements associated with physical hardware.

Instead, on public cloud platforms, you pay the cloud provider directly for using a cloud instance. The cost is typically based on the hardware allocated to the instance and the time to use it. Therefore, you can optimize your costs based on the requirements.

Software-controlled configurations

You save the entire configuration of a cloud instance as data on the cloud platform and control it with software. Therefore, you can easily create, remove, clone, or migrate the instance. You also operate a cloud instance remotely in a cloud provider console, and it connects to remote storage by default.

In addition, you can back up the current state of a cloud instance as a snapshot at any time. Afterwards, you can load the snapshot to restore the instance to the saved state.

Separation from the host and software compatibility

Similarly to a local VM, the RHEL guest operating system on a cloud instance runs on a Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM). This kernel is separate from the host operating system and from the client system that you use to connect to the instance.

Therefore, you can install any operating system on the cloud instance. This means that on a RHEL public cloud instance, you can run RHEL-specific applications not usable on your local operating system.

In addition, even if the operating system of the instance becomes unstable or compromised, it does not affect your client system.

1.2. Public cloud use cases for RHEL
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Deploying on a public cloud provides many benefits, but might not be the most efficient solution in every scenario. If you are evaluating whether to migrate your Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) deployments to the public cloud, consider whether your use case will benefit from the advantages of the public cloud.

Beneficial use cases

  • Deploying public cloud instances is very effective for flexibly increasing and decreasing the active computing power of your deployments. This is also known as scaling up and scaling down. You can use RHEL on public cloud in the following scenarios:

    • Clusters with high peak workloads and low general performance requirements. Scaling up and down based on your demands can be highly efficient in terms of resource costs.
    • Quickly setting up or expanding your clusters. This avoids high upfront costs of setting up local servers.
  • What happens in your local environment does not affect cloud instances. Therefore, you can use them for backup and disaster recovery.
Potentially problematic use cases
  • You are running an existing environment that you cannot adjust. Customizing a cloud instance to fit the specific needs of an existing deployment might not be economically efficient in comparison with your current host platform.
  • You are operating with a hard limit on your budget. Maintaining your deployment in a local data center typically provides less flexibility but more control over the maximum resource costs than the public cloud does.

For details on how to obtain RHEL for public cloud deployments, see Obtaining RHEL for public cloud deployments.

1.3. Frequent concerns when migrating to a public cloud
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Moving your RHEL workloads from a local environment to a public cloud platform might raise concerns about the changes involved. The following are the most commonly asked questions:

Will my RHEL work differently as a cloud instance than as a local virtual machine?

In most respects, RHEL instances on a public cloud platform work the same as RHEL virtual machines on a local host, such as an on-premise server. Notable exceptions include:

  • Instead of private orchestration interfaces, public cloud instances use provider-specific console interfaces for managing your cloud resources.
  • Certain features, such as nested virtualization, might not work correctly. If a specific feature is critical for your deployment, check the feature’s compatibility in advance with your chosen public cloud provider.
Will my data stay safe in a public cloud as opposed to a local server?

The data in your RHEL cloud instances is in your ownership, and your public cloud provider does not have any access to it. In addition, major cloud providers support data encryption in transit, which improves the security of data when migrating your virtual machines to the public cloud.

In terms of security of RHEL public cloud instances, the following applies:

  • Your public cloud provider is responsible for the security of the cloud hypervisor
  • Red Hat provides the security features of the RHEL guest operating systems in your instances
  • You manage the specific security settings and practices in your cloud infrastructure
What effect does my geographic region have on the functionality of RHEL public cloud instances?
You can use RHEL instances on a public cloud platform regardless of your geographical location. Therefore, you can run your instances in the same region as your on-premises server. However, hosting your instances in a physically distant region might cause high latency when operating them. In addition, depending on the public cloud provider, certain regions might offer additional features or be more cost-efficient. Before creating your RHEL instances, review the properties of the hosting regions available for your chosen cloud provider.

1.4. Obtaining RHEL for public cloud deployments
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To deploy Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) in a public cloud environment, you must select a certified cloud service provider and create a RHEL cloud instance.

1.5. Methods for creating RHEL cloud instances
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You can create a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) system image and import it to the cloud platform by using either RHEL image builder or purchasing a RHEL image directly from the cloud service provider marketplace. You can then deploy the RHEL image as a cloud instance.

To deploy a RHEL instance on a public cloud platform, you can use either of the following methods:

Create a RHEL system image and import it to the cloud platform
  • To create the system image, you can use the RHEL image builder or build the image manually.
  • This method uses your existing RHEL subscription. This is also referred to as bring your own subscription (BYOS).
  • You pre-pay a yearly subscription, and you can use your Red Hat customer discount.
  • Red Hat provides customer service.
  • For creating many images effectively, you can use the cloud-init utility.
Purchase a RHEL instance directly from the cloud provider marketplace
  • You post-pay an hourly rate for using the service. This method is also referred to as pay as you go (PAYG).
  • The cloud service provider provides customer service.
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