Chapter 5. Planning an SR-IOV deployment

To achieve high performance with SR-IOV, partition the resources between the host and the guest.

A typical topology includes 14 cores per NUMA node on dual socket Compute nodes. Both hyper-threading (HT) and non-HT cores are supported. Each core has two sibling threads. One core is dedicated to the host on each NUMA node. The VNF handles the SR-IOV interface bonding. All the interrupt requests (IRQs) are routed on the host cores. The VNF cores are dedicated to the VNFs. They provide isolation from other VNFs and isolation from the host. Each VNF must use resources on a single NUMA node. The SR-IOV NICs used by the VNF must also be associated with that same NUMA node. This topology does not have a virtualization overhead. The host, OpenStack Networking (neutron), and Compute (nova) configuration parameters are exposed in a single file for ease, consistency, and to avoid incoherence that is fatal to proper isolation, causing preemption and packet loss. The host and virtual machine isolation depend on a tuned profile, which takes care of the boot parameters and any Red Hat OpenStack Platform modifications based on the list of CPUs to isolate.

The following image has two virtual network functions (VNFs) each with the management interface represented by mgt and the data plane interfaces. The management interface manages the ssh access and other management functions. The data plane interfaces bond the VNFs to Data Plane Development Kit (DPDK) to ensure high availability. VNFs bond the data plane interfaces using the DPDK library. The image also has two redundant provider networks. The Compute node has two regular NICs bonded together and shared between the VNF management and the Red Hat OpenStack Platform API management.

The image shows a VNF that leverages DPDK at an application level and has access to SR-IOV virtual functions (VFs) and physical functions (PFs), together for better availability or performance, depending on the fabric configuration. DPDK improves performance, while the VF/PF DPDK bonds provide support for failover/availability. The VNF vendor must ensure that their DPDK poll mode driver (PMD) supports the SR-IOV card that is being exposed as a VF/PF. The management network uses Open vSwitch (OVS) so the VNF accesses a “mgmt” network device using the standard virtIO drivers. Operators can use that device to initially connect to the VNF and ensure that their DPDK application bonds properly the two VF/PFs.

5.2.1. Topology for NFV SR-IOV without HCI

The following image shows the topology for single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) without hyper-converged infrastructure (HCI) for the NFV use case. It consists of compute and controller nodes with 1 Gbps NICs, and the Director node.