2.7. Backing up and restoring MySQL data with physical copies

Procedure

1. Stop the mysqld service:

   # systemctl stop mysqld.service

2. Create a backup directory, for example:

   # mkdir -p /root/mysqld-backup/{data,config}/

3. Back up the data directory:

   # cp -rp /var/lib/mysql/ /root/mysqld-backup/data/

4. Back up the configuration files:

   # cp -rp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.d/ /root/mysqld-backup/config/

5. Start the mysqld service:

   # systemctl start mysqld.service

Procedure

1. Stop the mysqld service:

   # systemctl stop mysqld.service

2. Remove the current /var/lib/mysql/ directory:

   # rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/

3. Restore the data directory from your backup:

   # cp -rp /root/mysqld-backup/data/mysql/ /var/lib/

4. Ensure the correct ownership of the /var/lib/mysql/ directory:

   # chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/

5. Restore the SELinux context of the /var/lib/mysql/ directory:

   # restorecon -Rv /var/lib/mysql/

6. Remove the current configuration files:

   # rm -rf /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.d/

7. Restore the configuration files from your backup:

   # cp -rp /root/mysqld-backup/config/my.cnf /root/mysqld-backup/config/my.cnf.d/ /etc/

8. Ensure the correct ownership of the configuration files:

   # chown -R root:root /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.d/

9. Restore the SELinux context of the configuration files:

   # restorecon -Rv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.d/

10. Start the mysqld service:

    # systemctl start mysqld.service