Chapter 18. Cache

Available as of Camel 2.1

The cache component enables you to perform caching operations using EHCache as the Cache Implementation. The cache itself is created on demand or if a cache of that name already exists then it is simply utilized with its original settings.

This component supports producer and event based consumer endpoints.

The Cache consumer is an event based consumer and can be used to listen and respond to specific cache activities. If you need to perform selections from a pre-existing cache, use the processors defined for the cache component.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their pom.xml for this component:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.camel</groupId>
    <artifactId>camel-cache</artifactId>
    <version>x.x.x</version>
    <!-- use the same version as your Camel core version -->
</dependency>

URI format

cache://cacheName[?options]

You can append query options to the URI in the following format, ?option=value&option=#beanRef&...

Options

The Cache component supports the following options:

Name	Default Value	Description
`maxElementsInMemory`	`1000`	The number of elements that may be stored in the defined cache
`memoryStoreEvictionPolicy`	`MemoryStoreEvictionPolicy.LFU`	The number of elements that may be stored in the defined cache. Options include MemoryStoreEvictionPolicy.LFU - Least frequently used MemoryStoreEvictionPolicy.LRU - Least recently used MemoryStoreEvictionPolicy.FIFO - first in first out, the oldest element by creation time
`overflowToDisk`	`true`	Specifies whether cache may overflow to disk
`eternal`	`false`	Sets whether elements are eternal. If eternal, timeouts are ignored and the element never expires.
`timeToLiveSeconds`	`300`	The maximum time between creation time and when an element expires. Is used only if the element is not eternal
`timeToIdleSeconds`	`300`	The maximum amount of time between accesses before an element expires
`diskPersistent`	`false`	Whether the disk store persists between restarts of the Virtual Machine.
`diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds`	`120`	The number of seconds between runs of the disk expiry thread.
`cacheManagerFactory`	`null`	Camel 2.8: If you want to use a custom factory which instantiates and creates the EHCache `net.sf.ehcache.CacheManager`. Type: abstract org.apache.camel.component.cache.CacheManagerFactory
`eventListenerRegistry`	`null`	Camel 2.8: Sets a list of EHCache `net.sf.ehcache.event.CacheEventListener` for all new caches\- no need to define it per cache in EHCache xml config anymore. Type: org.apache.camel.component.cache.CacheEventListenerRegistry
`cacheLoaderRegistry`	`null`	Camel 2.8: Sets a list of `org.apache.camel.component.cache.CacheLoaderWrapper` that extends EHCache `net.sf.ehcache.loader.CacheLoader` for all new caches\- no need to define it per cache in EHCache xml config anymore. Type: org.apache.camel.component.cache.CacheLoaderRegistry
`key`	`null`	Camel 2.10: To configure using a cache key by default. If a key is provided in the message header, then the key from the header takes precedence.
`operation`	`null`	Camel 2.10: To configure using an cache operation by default. If an operation in the message header, then the operation from the header takes precedence.
`objectCache`	`false`	Camel 2.10: Whether to turn on allowing to store non serializable objects in the cache. If this option is enabled then overflow to disk cannot be enabled as well.
`configurationFile`		Camel 2.13/2.12.3: To configure the location of the `ehcache.xml` file to use, such as `classpath:com/foo/mycache.xml` to load from classpath. If no configuration is given, then the default settings from EHCache is used.
`configuration`		To use a custom `org.apache.camel.component.cache.CacheConfiguration` configuration.

Cache component options

Name	Default Value	Description
`configuration`		To use a custom `org.apache.camel.component.cache.CacheConfiguration` configuration.
`cacheManagerFactory`		To use a custom `org.apache.camel.component.cache.CacheManagerFactory`.
`configurationFile`		Camel 2.13/2.12.3: To configure the location of the `ehcache.xml` file to use, such as `classpath:com/foo/mycache.xml` to load from classpath. If no configuration is given, then the default settings from EHCache is used.

Message Headers Camel 2.8+

Header	Description
`CamelCacheOperation`	The operation to be performed on the cache. The valid options are `CamelCacheGet` `CamelCacheCheck` `CamelCacheAdd` `CamelCacheUpdate` `CamelCacheDelete` `CamelCacheDeleteAll`
`CamelCacheKey`	The cache key used to store the Message in the cache. The cache key is optional if the `CamelCacheOperation` is `CamelCacheDeleteAll`

Header changes in Camel 2.8

The header names and supported values have changed to be prefixed with CamelCache and use mixed case. This makes them easier to identify and keep separate from other headers. The CacheConstants variable names remain unchanged, just their values have been changed. Also, these headers are now removed from the exchange after the cache operation is performed.

The CamelCacheAdd and CamelCacheUpdate operations support additional headers:

Header	Type	Description
`CamelCacheTimeToLive`	`Integer`	Camel 2.11: Time to live in seconds.
`CamelCacheTimeToIdle`	`Integer`	Camel 2.11: Time to idle in seconds.
`CamelCacheEternal`	`Boolean`	Camel 2.11: Whether the content is eternal.

Cache Producer

Sending data to the cache involves the ability to direct payloads in exchanges to be stored in a pre-existing or created-on-demand cache. The mechanics of doing this involve

setting the Message Exchange Headers shown above.
ensuring that the Message Exchange Body contains the message directed to the cache

Cache Consumer

Receiving data from the cache involves the ability of the CacheConsumer to listen on a pre-existing or created-on-demand Cache using an event Listener and receive automatic notifications when any cache activity take place (i.e CamelCacheGet/CamelCacheUpdate/CamelCacheDelete/CamelCacheDeleteAll). Upon such an activity taking place

an exchange containing Message Exchange Headers and a Message Exchange Body containing the just added/updated payload is placed and sent.
in case of a CamelCacheDeleteAll operation, the Message Exchange Header CamelCacheKey and the Message Exchange Body are not populated.

Cache Processors

There are a set of nice processors with the ability to perform cache lookups and selectively replace payload content at the

body
token
xpath level

Example 1: Configuring the cache

from("cache://MyApplicationCache" +
          "?maxElementsInMemory=1000" +
          "&memoryStoreEvictionPolicy=" +
              "MemoryStoreEvictionPolicy.LFU" +
          "&overflowToDisk=true" +
          "&eternal=true" +
          "&timeToLiveSeconds=300" +
          "&timeToIdleSeconds=true" +
          "&diskPersistent=true" +
          "&diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds=300")

Example 2: Adding keys to the cache

RouteBuilder builder = new RouteBuilder() {
    public void configure() {
     from("direct:start")
     .setHeader(CacheConstants.CACHE_OPERATION, constant(CacheConstants.CACHE_OPERATION_ADD))
     .setHeader(CacheConstants.CACHE_KEY, constant("Ralph_Waldo_Emerson"))
     .to("cache://TestCache1")
   }
};

Example 2: Updating existing keys in a cache

RouteBuilder builder = new RouteBuilder() {
    public void configure() {
     from("direct:start")
     .setHeader(CacheConstants.CACHE_OPERATION, constant(CacheConstants.CACHE_OPERATION_UPDATE))
     .setHeader(CacheConstants.CACHE_KEY, constant("Ralph_Waldo_Emerson"))
     .to("cache://TestCache1")
   }
};

Example 3: Deleting existing keys in a cache

RouteBuilder builder = new RouteBuilder() {
    public void configure() {
     from("direct:start")
     .setHeader(CacheConstants.CACHE_OPERATION, constant(CacheConstants.CACHE_DELETE))
     .setHeader(CacheConstants.CACHE_KEY", constant("Ralph_Waldo_Emerson"))
     .to("cache://TestCache1")
   }
};

Example 4: Deleting all existing keys in a cache

RouteBuilder builder = new RouteBuilder() {
    public void configure() {
     from("direct:start")
     .setHeader(CacheConstants.CACHE_OPERATION, constant(CacheConstants.CACHE_DELETEALL))
     .to("cache://TestCache1");
    }
};

Example 5: Notifying any changes registering in a Cache to Processors and other Producers

RouteBuilder builder = new RouteBuilder() {
    public void configure() {
     from("cache://TestCache1")
     .process(new Processor() {
        public void process(Exchange exchange)
               throws Exception {
           String operation = (String) exchange.getIn().getHeader(CacheConstants.CACHE_OPERATION);
           String key = (String) exchange.getIn().getHeader(CacheConstants.CACHE_KEY);
           Object body = exchange.getIn().getBody();
           // Do something
        }
     })
   }
};

Example 6: Using Processors to selectively replace payload with cache values

RouteBuilder builder = new RouteBuilder() {
   public void configure() {
     //Message Body Replacer
     from("cache://TestCache1")
     .filter(header(CacheConstants.CACHE_KEY).isEqualTo("greeting"))
     .process(new CacheBasedMessageBodyReplacer("cache://TestCache1","farewell"))
     .to("direct:next");

    //Message Token replacer
    from("cache://TestCache1")
    .filter(header(CacheConstants.CACHE_KEY).isEqualTo("quote"))
    .process(new CacheBasedTokenReplacer("cache://TestCache1","novel","#novel#"))
    .process(new CacheBasedTokenReplacer("cache://TestCache1","author","#author#"))
    .process(new CacheBasedTokenReplacer("cache://TestCache1","number","#number#"))
    .to("direct:next");

    //Message XPath replacer
    from("cache://TestCache1").
    .filter(header(CacheConstants.CACHE_KEY).isEqualTo("XML_FRAGMENT"))
    .process(new CacheBasedXPathReplacer("cache://TestCache1","book1","/books/book1"))
    .process (new CacheBasedXPathReplacer("cache://TestCache1","book2","/books/book2"))
    .to("direct:next");
   }
};

Example 7: Getting an entry from the Cache

from("direct:start")
    // Prepare headers
    .setHeader(CacheConstants.CACHE_OPERATION, constant(CacheConstants.CACHE_OPERATION_GET))
    .setHeader(CacheConstants.CACHE_KEY, constant("Ralph_Waldo_Emerson")).
    .to("cache://TestCache1").
    // Check if entry was not found
    .choice().when(header(CacheConstants.CACHE_ELEMENT_WAS_FOUND).isNull()).
        // If not found, get the payload and put it to cache
        .to("cxf:bean:someHeavyweightOperation").
        .setHeader(CacheConstants.CACHE_OPERATION, constant(CacheConstants.CACHE_OPERATION_ADD))
        .setHeader(CacheConstants.CACHE_KEY, constant("Ralph_Waldo_Emerson"))
        .to("cache://TestCache1")
    .end()
    .to("direct:nextPhase");

Example 8: Checking for an entry in the Cache

Note: The CHECK command tests existence of an entry in the cache but doesn't place a message in the body.

from("direct:start")
    // Prepare headers
    .setHeader(CacheConstants.CACHE_OPERATION, constant(CacheConstants.CACHE_OPERATION_CHECK))
    .setHeader(CacheConstants.CACHE_KEY, constant("Ralph_Waldo_Emerson")).
    .to("cache://TestCache1").
    // Check if entry was not found
    .choice().when(header(CacheConstants.CACHE_ELEMENT_WAS_FOUND).isNull()).
        // If not found, get the payload and put it to cache
        .to("cxf:bean:someHeavyweightOperation").
        .setHeader(CacheConstants.CACHE_OPERATION, constant(CacheConstants.CACHE_OPERATION_ADD))
        .setHeader(CacheConstants.CACHE_KEY, constant("Ralph_Waldo_Emerson"))
        .to("cache://TestCache1")
    .end();

Management of EHCache

EHCache has its own statistics and management from JMX.

Here's a snippet on how to expose them via JMX in a Spring application context:

<bean id="ehCacheManagementService" class="net.sf.ehcache.management.ManagementService" init-method="init" lazy-init="false">
  <constructor-arg>
    <bean class="net.sf.ehcache.CacheManager" factory-method="getInstance"/>
  </constructor-arg>
  <constructor-arg>
    <bean class="org.springframework.jmx.support.JmxUtils" factory-method="locateMBeanServer"/>
  </constructor-arg>
  <constructor-arg value="true"/>
  <constructor-arg value="true"/>
  <constructor-arg value="true"/>
  <constructor-arg value="true"/>
</bean>

Of course you can do the same thing in straight Java:

ManagementService.registerMBeans(CacheManager.getInstance(), mbeanServer, true, true, true, true);

You can get cache hits, misses, in-memory hits, disk hits, size stats this way. You can also change CacheConfiguration parameters on the fly.

Cache replication Camel 2.8+

The Camel Cache component is able to distribute a cache across server nodes using several different replication mechanisms including: RMI, JGroups, JMS and Cache Server.

There are two different ways to make it work:

You can configure ehcache.xml manually, or
You can configure these three options:
- cacheManagerFactory
- eventListenerRegistry
- cacheLoaderRegistry

Configuring Camel Cache replication using the first option is a bit of hard work as you have to configure all caches separately. So in a situation when the all names of caches are not known, using ehcache.xml is not a good idea.

The second option is much better when you want to use many different caches as you do not need to define options per cache. This is because replication options are set per CacheManager and per CacheEndpoint. Also it is the only way when cache names are not know at the development phase.

Note

It might be useful to read the EHCache manual to get a better understanding of the Camel Cache replication mechanism.

Example: JMS cache replication

JMS replication is the most powerful and secured replication method. Used together with Camel Cache replication makes it also rather simple. An example is available on a separate page.

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18.1. Cache Component