Chapter 3. Deployment of the Ceph File System

Procedure

1. Configure the client node to use the Ceph storage cluster.

   1. Enable the Red Hat Ceph Storage Tools repository:

      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

      [root@client ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-5-tools-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms

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      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9

      [root@client ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-5-tools-for-rhel-9-x86_64-rpms

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   2. Install the ceph-fuse package:

      [root@client ~]# dnf install ceph-fuse

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   3. Copy the Ceph client keyring from the Ceph Monitor node to the client node:

      Syntax

      scp root@MONITOR_NODE_NAME:/etc/ceph/KEYRING_FILE /etc/ceph/

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      Replace MONITOR_NODE_NAME with the Ceph Monitor host name or IP address.

      Example

      [root@client ~]# scp root@192.168.0.1:/etc/ceph/ceph.client.1.keyring /etc/ceph/

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   4. Copy the Ceph configuration file from a Ceph Monitor node to the client node:

      Syntax

      scp root@MONITOR_NODE_NAME:/etc/ceph/ceph.conf /etc/ceph/ceph.conf

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      Replace MONITOR_NODE_NAME with the Ceph Monitor host name or IP address.

      Example

      [root@client ~]# scp root@192.168.0.1:/etc/ceph/ceph.conf /etc/ceph/ceph.conf

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   5. Set the appropriate permissions for the configuration file:

      [root@client ~]# chmod 644 /etc/ceph/ceph.conf

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2. Create a Ceph File System:

   Syntax

   ceph fs volume create FILE_SYSTEM_NAME

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   Example

   [root@mon ~]# ceph fs volume create cephfs01

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   Repeat this step to create additional file systems.

   Note

   By running this command, Ceph automatically creates the new pools, and deploys a new Ceph Metadata Server (MDS) daemon to support the new file system. This also configures the MDS affinity accordingly.

3. Verify access to the new Ceph File System from a Ceph client.

   1. Authorize a Ceph client to access the new file system:

      Syntax

      ceph fs authorize FILE_SYSTEM_NAME CLIENT_NAME DIRECTORY PERMISSIONS

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      Important

      The supported values for PERMISSIONS are r (read) and rw (read/write).

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# ceph fs authorize cephfs01 client.1 / rw
      [client.1]
          key = BQAmthpf81M+JhAAiHDYQkMiCq3x+J0n9e8REK==
      
      [root@mon ~]# ceph auth get client.1
      exported keyring for client.1
      [client.1]
          key = BQAmthpf81M+JhAAiHDYQkMiCq3x+J0n9e8REK==
          caps mds = "allow rw fsname=cephfs01"
          caps mon = "allow r fsname=cephfs01"
          caps osd = "allow rw tag cephfs data=cephfs01"

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      Note

      Optionally, you can add a safety measure by specifying the root_squash option. This prevents accidental deletion scenarios by disallowing clients with a uid=0 or gid=0 to do write operations, but still allows read operations.

      Example

      [root@mon ~]# ceph fs authorize cephfs01 client.1 / rw root_squash /volumes rw
      [client.1]
          key = BQAmthpf81M+JhAAiHDYQkMiCq3x+J0n9e8REK==
      
      [root@mon ~]# ceph auth get client.1
      [client.1]
          key = BQAmthpf81M+JhAAiHDYQkMiCq3x+J0n9e8REK==
          caps mds = "allow rw fsname=cephfs01 root_squash, allow rw fsname=cephfs01 path=/volumes"
          caps mon = "allow r fsname=cephfs01"
          caps osd = "allow rw tag cephfs data=cephfs01"

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      In this example, root_squash is enabled for the file system cephfs01, except within the /volumes directory tree.

      Important

      The Ceph client can only see the CephFS it is authorized for.

   2. Copy the Ceph user’s keyring to the Ceph client node:

      Syntax

      ceph auth get CLIENT_NAME > OUTPUT_FILE_NAME
      scp OUTPUT_FILE_NAME TARGET_NODE_NAME:/etc/ceph

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      Example

      [root@mon ~]# ceph auth get client.1 > ceph.client.1.keyring
      exported keyring for client.1
      [root@mon ~]# scp ceph.client.1.keyring client:/etc/ceph
      root@client's password:
      ceph.client.1.keyring                     100%  178   333.0KB/s   00:00

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   3. On the Ceph client node, create a new directory:

      Syntax

      mkdir PATH_TO_NEW_DIRECTORY_NAME

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      Example

      [root@client ~]# mkdir /mnt/mycephfs

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   4. On the Ceph client node, mount the new Ceph File System:

      Syntax

      ceph-fuse PATH_TO_NEW_DIRECTORY_NAME -n CEPH_USER_NAME --client-fs=_FILE_SYSTEM_NAME

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      Example

      [root@client ~]# ceph-fuse /mnt/mycephfs/ -n client.1 --client-fs=cephfs01
      ceph-fuse[555001]: starting ceph client
      2022-05-09T07:33:27.158+0000 7f11feb81200 -1 init, newargv = 0x55fc4269d5d0 newargc=15
      ceph-fuse[555001]: starting fuse

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   5. On the Ceph client node, list the directory contents of the new mount point, or create a file on the new mount point.

Procedure

1. Create an erasure-coded data pool for CephFS:

   Syntax

   ceph osd pool create DATA_POOL_NAME erasure

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   Example

   [root@mon ~]# ceph osd pool create cephfs-data-ec01 erasure
   pool 'cephfs-data-ec01' created

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2. Verify the pool was added:

   Example

   [root@mon ~]# ceph osd lspools

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3. Enable overwrites on the erasure-coded pool:

   Syntax

   ceph osd pool set DATA_POOL_NAME allow_ec_overwrites true

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   Example

   [root@mon ~]# ceph osd pool set cephfs-data-ec01 allow_ec_overwrites true
   set pool 15 allow_ec_overwrites to true

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4. Verify the status of the Ceph File System:

   Syntax

   ceph fs status FILE_SYSTEM_NAME

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   Example

   [root@mon ~]# ceph fs status cephfs-ec
   cephfs-ec - 14 clients
   =========
   RANK  STATE              MDS                ACTIVITY     DNS    INOS   DIRS   CAPS
    0    active  cephfs-ec.example.ooymyq  Reqs:    0 /s  8231   8233    891    921
          POOL           TYPE     USED  AVAIL
   cephfs-metadata-ec  metadata   787M  8274G
     cephfs-data-ec      data    2360G  12.1T
   
          STANDBY MDS
   cephfs-ec.example.irsrql
   cephfs-ec.example.cauuaj

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5. Add the erasure-coded data pool to the existing CephFS:

   Syntax

   ceph fs add_data_pool FILE_SYSTEM_NAME DATA_POOL_NAME

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   Example

   [root@mon ~]# ceph fs add_data_pool cephfs-ec cephfs-data-ec01

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   This example adds the new data pool, cephfs-data-ec01, to the existing erasure-coded file system, cephfs-ec.

6. Verify that the erasure-coded pool was added to the Ceph File System:

   Syntax

   ceph fs status FILE_SYSTEM_NAME

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   Example

   [root@mon ~]# ceph fs status cephfs-ec
   cephfs-ec - 14 clients
   =========
   RANK  STATE              MDS                ACTIVITY     DNS    INOS   DIRS   CAPS
    0    active  cephfs-ec.example.ooymyq  Reqs:    0 /s  8231   8233    891    921
          POOL           TYPE     USED  AVAIL
   cephfs-metadata-ec  metadata   787M  8274G
     cephfs-data-ec      data    2360G  12.1T
    cephfs-data-ec01     data       0   12.1T
   
          STANDBY MDS
   cephfs-ec.example.irsrql
   cephfs-ec.example.cauuaj

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7. Set the file layout on a new directory:

   Syntax

   mkdir PATH_TO_DIRECTORY
   setfattr -n ceph.dir.layout.pool -v DATA_POOL_NAME PATH_TO_DIRECTORY

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   Example

   [root@mon ~]# mkdir /mnt/cephfs/newdir
   [root@mon ~]# setfattr -n ceph.dir.layout.pool -v cephfs-data-ec01 /mnt/cephfs/newdir

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   In this example, all new files created in the /mnt/cephfs/newdir directory inherit the directory layout and places the data in the newly added erasure-coded pool.

Procedure

1. Log into the Cephadm shell on the monitor node:

   Example

   [root@host01 ~]# cephadm shell

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2. On a Ceph Monitor node, create a client user:

   Syntax

   ceph fs authorize FILE_SYSTEM_NAME client.CLIENT_NAME /DIRECTORY CAPABILITY [/DIRECTORY CAPABILITY] ...

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   • To restrict the client to only writing in the temp directory of filesystem cephfs_a:

     Example

     [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph fs authorize cephfs_a client.1 / r /temp rw
     
     client.1
       key = AQBSdFhcGZFUDRAAcKhG9Cl2HPiDMMRv4DC43A==

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   • To completely restrict the client to the temp directory, remove the root (/) directory:

     Example

     [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph fs authorize cephfs_a client.1 /temp rw

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   Note

   Supplying all or asterisk as the file system name grants access to every file system. Typically, it is necessary to quote the asterisk to protect it from the shell.

3. Verify the created key:

   Syntax

   ceph auth get client.ID

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   Example

   [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph auth get client.1
   
   client.1
     key = AQBSdFhcGZFUDRAAcKhG9Cl2HPiDMMRv4DC43A==
     caps mds = "allow r, allow rw path=/temp"
     caps mon = "allow r"
     caps osd = "allow rw tag cephfs data=cephfs_a"

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4. Copy the keyring to the client.

   1. On the Ceph Monitor node, export the keyring to a file:

      Syntax

      ceph auth get client.ID -o ceph.client.ID.keyring

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      Example

      [ceph: root@host01 /]# ceph auth get client.1 -o ceph.client.1.keyring
      exported keyring for client.1

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   2. Copy the client keyring from the Ceph Monitor node to the /etc/ceph/ directory on the client node:

      Syntax

      scp /ceph.client.ID.keyring root@CLIENT_NODE_NAME:/etc/ceph/ceph.client.ID.keyring

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      Replace CLIENT_NODE_NAME with the Ceph client node name or IP.

      Example

      [ceph: root@host01 /]# scp /ceph.client.1.keyring root@client01:/etc/ceph/ceph.client.1.keyring

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5. From the client node, set the appropriate permissions for the keyring file:

   Syntax

   chmod 644 ceph.client.ID.keyring

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   Example

   [root@client01 ~]# chmod 644 /etc/ceph/ceph.client.1.keyring

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Procedure

1. Configure the client node to use the Ceph storage cluster.

   1. Enable the Red Hat Ceph Storage Tools repository:

      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

      [root@client ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-5-tools-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms

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      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9

      [root@client ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-5-tools-for-rhel-9-x86_64-rpms

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   2. Install the ceph-common package:

      [root@client01 ~]# dnf install ceph-common

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   3. Log into the Cephadm shell on the monitor node:

      Example

      [root@host01 ~]# cephadm shell

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   4. Copy the Ceph client keyring from the Ceph Monitor node to the client node:

      Syntax

      scp /ceph.client.ID.keyring root@CLIENT_NODE_NAME:/etc/ceph/ceph.client.ID.keyring

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      Replace CLIENT_NODE_NAME with the Ceph client host name or IP address.

      Example

      [ceph: root@host01 /]# scp /ceph.client.1.keyring root@client01:/etc/ceph/ceph.client.1.keyring

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   5. Copy the Ceph configuration file from a Ceph Monitor node to the client node:

      Syntax

      scp /etc/ceph/ceph.conf root@CLIENT_NODE_NAME:/etc/ceph/ceph.conf

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      Replace CLIENT_NODE_NAME with the Ceph client host name or IP address.

      Example

      [ceph: root@host01 /]# scp /etc/ceph/ceph.conf root@client01:/etc/ceph/ceph.conf

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   6. From the client node, set the appropriate permissions for the configuration file:

      [root@client01 ~]# chmod 644 /etc/ceph/ceph.conf

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   7. Choose either automatically or manually mounting.

Manually Mounting

2. Create a mount directory on the client node:

   Syntax

   mkdir -p MOUNT_POINT

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   Example

   [root@client01 ~]# mkdir -p /mnt/cephfs

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3. Mount the Ceph File System. To specify multiple Ceph Monitor addresses, separate them with commas in the mount command, specify the mount point, and set the client name:

   Note

   As of Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.1, mount.ceph can read keyring files directly. As such, a secret file is no longer necessary. Just specify the client ID with name=CLIENT_ID, and mount.ceph will find the right keyring file.

   Syntax

   mount -t ceph MONITOR-1_NAME:6789,MONITOR-2_NAME:6789,MONITOR-3_NAME:6789:/ MOUNT_POINT -o name=CLIENT_ID,fs=FILE_SYSTEM_NAME

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   Example

   [root@client01 ~]# mount -t ceph mon1:6789,mon2:6789,mon3:6789:/ /mnt/cephfs -o name=1,fs=cephfs01

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   Note

   You can configure a DNS server so that a single host name resolves to multiple IP addresses. Then you can use that single host name with the mount command, instead of supplying a comma-separated list.

   Note

   You can also replace the Monitor host names with the string :/ and mount.ceph will read the Ceph configuration file to determine which Monitors to connect to.

   Note

   You can set the nowsync option to asynchronously execute file creation and removal on the Red Hat Ceph Storage clusters. This improves the performance of some workloads by avoiding round-trip latency for these system calls without impacting consistency. The nowsync option requires kernel clients with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 or later.

   Example

   [root@client01 ~]# mount -t ceph mon1:6789,mon2:6789,mon3:6789:/ /mnt/cephfs -o nowsync,name=1,fs=cephfs01

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4. Verify that the file system is successfully mounted:

   Syntax

   stat -f MOUNT_POINT

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   Example

   [root@client01 ~]# stat -f /mnt/cephfs

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Automatically Mounting

2. On the client host, create a new directory for mounting the Ceph File System.

   Syntax

   mkdir -p MOUNT_POINT

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   Example

   [root@client01 ~]# mkdir -p /mnt/cephfs

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3. Edit the /etc/fstab file as follows:

   Syntax

   #DEVICE                                              PATH                      TYPE               OPTIONS
   MON_0_HOST:PORT,            MOUNT_POINT          ceph         name=CLIENT_ID,
   MON_1_HOST:PORT,                                                         ceph.client_mountpoint=/VOL/SUB_VOL_GROUP/SUB_VOL/UID_SUB_VOL,                                                       fs=FILE_SYSTEM_NAME,
   MON_2_HOST:PORT:/q[_VOL_]/SUB_VOL/UID_SUB_VOL,            [ADDITIONAL_OPTIONS]

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   The first column sets the Ceph Monitor host names and the port number.

   The second column sets the mount point

   The third column sets the file system type, in this case, ceph, for CephFS.

   The fourth column sets the various options, such as, the user name and the secret file using the name and secretfile options. You can also set specific volumes, sub-volume groups, and sub-volumes using the ceph.client_mountpoint option.

   Set the _netdev option to ensure that the file system is mounted after the networking subsystem starts to prevent hanging and networking issues. If you do not need access time information, then setting the noatime option can increase performance.

   Set the fifth and sixth columns to zero.

   Example

   #DEVICE         PATH                   TYPE    OPTIONS         DUMP  FSCK
   mon1:6789,      /mnt/cephfs            ceph    name=1,            0     0
   mon2:6789,                                     ceph.client_mountpoint=/my_vol/my_sub_vol_group/my_sub_vol/0,
   mon3:6789:/                                    fs=cephfs01,
                                                  _netdev,noatime

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   The Ceph File System will be mounted on the next system boot.

   Note

   As of Red Hat Ceph Storage 4.1, mount.ceph can read keyring files directly. As such, a secret file is no longer necessary. Just specify the client ID with name=CLIENT_ID, and mount.ceph will find the right keyring file.

   Note

   You can also replace the Monitor host names with the string :/ and mount.ceph will read the Ceph configuration file to determine which Monitors to connect to.

Procedure

1. Configure the client node to use the Ceph storage cluster.

   1. Enable the Red Hat Ceph Storage Tools repository:

      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

      [root@client ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-5-tools-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms

      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9

      [root@client ~]# subscription-manager repos --enable=rhceph-5-tools-for-rhel-9-x86_64-rpms

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   2. Install the ceph-fuse package:

      [root@client01 ~]# dnf install ceph-fuse

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   3. Log into the Cephadm shell on the monitor node:

      Example

      [root@host01 ~]# cephadm shell

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   4. Copy the Ceph client keyring from the Ceph Monitor node to the client node:

      Syntax

      scp /ceph.client.ID.keyring root@CLIENT_NODE_NAME:/etc/ceph/ceph.client.ID.keyring

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      Replace CLIENT_NODE_NAME with the Ceph client host name or IP address.

      Example

      [ceph: root@host01 /]# scp /ceph.client.1.keyring root@client01:/etc/ceph/ceph.client.1.keyring

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   5. Copy the Ceph configuration file from a Ceph Monitor node to the client node:

      Syntax

      scp /etc/ceph/ceph.conf root@CLIENT_NODE_NAME:/etc/ceph/ceph.conf

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      Replace CLIENT_NODE_NAME with the Ceph client host name or IP address.

      Example

      [ceph: root@host01 /]# scp /etc/ceph/ceph.conf root@client01:/etc/ceph/ceph.conf

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   6. From the client node, set the appropriate permissions for the configuration file:

      [root@client01 ~]# chmod 644 /etc/ceph/ceph.conf

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   7. Choose either automatically or manually mounting.

Manually Mounting

2. On the client node, create a directory for the mount point:

   Syntax

   mkdir PATH_TO_MOUNT_POINT

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   Example

   [root@client01 ~]# mkdir /mnt/mycephfs

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   Note

   If you used the path option with MDS capabilities, then the mount point must be within what is specified by the path.

3. Use the ceph-fuse utility to mount the Ceph File System.

   Syntax

   ceph-fuse -n client.CLIENT_ID --client_fs FILE_SYSTEM_NAME MOUNT_POINT

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   Example

   [root@client01 ~]# ceph-fuse -n client.1 --client_fs cephfs01 /mnt/mycephfs

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   Note

   If you do not use the default name and location of the user keyring, that is /etc/ceph/ceph.client.CLIENT_ID.keyring, then use the --keyring option to specify the path to the user keyring, for example:

   Example

   [root@client01 ~]# ceph-fuse -n client.1 --keyring=/etc/ceph/client.1.keyring /mnt/mycephfs

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   Note

   Use the -r option to instruct the client to treat that path as its root:

   Syntax

   ceph-fuse -n client.CLIENT_ID MOUNT_POINT -r PATH

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   Example

   [root@client01 ~]# ceph-fuse -n client.1 /mnt/cephfs -r /home/cephfs

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   Note

   If you want to automatically reconnect an evicted Ceph client, then add the --client_reconnect_stale=true option.

   Example

   [root@client01 ~]# ceph-fuse -n client.1 /mnt/cephfs --client_reconnect_stale=true

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4. Verify that the file system is successfully mounted:

   Syntax

   stat -f MOUNT_POINT

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   Example

   [root@client01 ~]# stat -f /mnt/cephfs

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Automatically Mounting

2. On the client node, create a directory for the mount point:

   Syntax

   mkdir PATH_TO_MOUNT_POINT

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   Example

   [root@client01 ~]# mkdir /mnt/mycephfs

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   Note

   If you used the path option with MDS capabilities, then the mount point must be within what is specified by the path.

3. Edit the /etc/fstab file as follows:

   Syntax

   #DEVICE                 PATH           TYPE          OPTIONS                  DUMP  FSCK
   HOST_NAME:PORT,     MOUNT_POINT fuse.ceph     ceph.id=CLIENT_ID,        0     0
   HOST_NAME:PORT,                                  ceph.client_mountpoint=/VOL/SUB_VOL_GROUP/SUB_VOL/UID_SUB_VOL,
   HOST_NAME:PORT:/                                 ceph.client_fs=FILE_SYSTEM_NAME,ceph.name=USERNAME,ceph.keyring=/etc/ceph/KEYRING_FILE,
                                                        [ADDITIONAL_OPTIONS]

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   The first column sets the Ceph Monitor host names and the port number.

   The second column sets the mount point

   The third column sets the file system type, in this case, fuse.ceph, for CephFS.

   The fourth column sets the various options, such as the user name and the keyring using the ceph.name and ceph.keyring options. You can also set specific volumes, sub-volume groups, and sub-volumes using the ceph.client_mountpoint option. To specify which Ceph File System to access, use the ceph.client_fs option. Set the _netdev option to ensure that the file system is mounted after the networking subsystem starts to prevent hanging and networking issues. If you do not need access time information, then setting the noatime option can increase performance. If you want to automatically reconnect after an eviction, then set the client_reconnect_stale=true option.

   Set the fifth and sixth columns to zero.

   Example

   #DEVICE         PATH              TYPE         OPTIONS         DUMP  FSCK
   mon1:6789,      /mnt/mycephfs       fuse.ceph    ceph.id=1,         0     0
   mon2:6789,                                     ceph.client_mountpoint=/my_vol/my_sub_vol_group/my_sub_vol/0,
   mon3:6789:/                                    ceph.client_fs=cephfs01,ceph.name=client.1,ceph.keyring=/etc/ceph/client1.keyring,
                                                  _netdev,defaults

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   The Ceph File System will be mounted on the next system boot.