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Chapter 2. Security realms

Security realms integrate Data Grid Server deployments with the network protocols and infrastructure in your environment that control access and verify user identities.

2.1. Creating security realms

Add security realms to Data Grid Server configuration to control access to deployments. You can add one or more security realm to your configuration.

Note

When you add security realms to your configuration, Data Grid Server automatically enables the matching authentication mechanisms for the Hot Rod and REST endpoints.

Prerequisites

  • Add socket bindings to your Data Grid Server configuration as required.

  • Create keystores, or have a PEM file, to configure the security realm with TLS/SSL encryption.

    Data Grid Server can also generate keystores at startup.

  • Provision the resources or services that the security realm configuration relies on.
    For example, if you add a token realm, you need to provision OAuth services.

This procedure demonstrates how to configure multiple property realms. Before you begin, you need to create properties files that add users and assign permissions with the Command Line Interface (CLI). Use the user create commands as follows: 

user create <username> -p <changeme> -g <role> \
     --users-file=application-users.properties \
     --groups-file=application-groups.properties

user create <username> -p <changeme> -g <role> \
     --users-file=management-users.properties \
     --groups-file=management-groups.properties
Tip

Run user create --help for examples and more information.

Note

Adding credentials to a properties realm with the CLI creates the user only on the server instance to which you are connected. You must manually synchronize credentials in a properties realm to each node in the cluster.

Procedure

  1. Open your Data Grid Server configuration for editing.
  2. Use the security-realms element in the security configuration to contain create multiple security realms.

  3. Add a security realm with the security-realm element and give it a unique name with the name attribute.

    To follow the example, create one security realm named application-realm and another named management-realm.

  4. Provide the TLS/SSL identify for Data Grid Server with the server-identities element and configure a keystore as required.

  5. Specify the type of security realm by adding one the following elements or fields:

    • properties-realm
    • ldap-realm
    • token-realm
    • truststore-realm

  6. Specify properties for the type of security realm you are configuring as appropriate.

    To follow the example, specify the *.properties files you created with the CLI using the path attribute on the user-properties and group-properties elements or fields.

  7. If you add multiple different types of security realm to your configuration, include the distributed-realm element or field so that Data Grid Server uses the realms in combination with each other.
  8. Configure Data Grid Server endpoints to use the security realm with the with the security-realm attribute.
  9. Save the changes to your configuration.

Multiple property realms

XML

<server xmlns="urn:infinispan:server:15.0">
  <security>
    <security-realms>
      <security-realm name="application-realm">
        <properties-realm groups-attribute="Roles">
          <user-properties path="application-users.properties"/>
          <group-properties path="application-groups.properties"/>
        </properties-realm>
      </security-realm>
      <security-realm name="management-realm">
        <properties-realm groups-attribute="Roles">
          <user-properties path="management-users.properties"/>
          <group-properties path="management-groups.properties"/>
        </properties-realm>
      </security-realm>
    </security-realms>
  </security>
</server>

JSON

{
  "server": {
    "security": {
      "security-realms": [{
        "name": "management-realm",
        "properties-realm": {
          "groups-attribute": "Roles",
          "user-properties": {
            "digest-realm-name": "management-realm",
            "path": "management-users.properties"
          },
          "group-properties": {
            "path": "management-groups.properties"
          }
        }
      }, {
        "name": "application-realm",
        "properties-realm": {
          "groups-attribute": "Roles",
          "user-properties": {
            "digest-realm-name": "application-realm",
            "path": "application-users.properties"
          },
          "group-properties": {
            "path": "application-groups.properties"
          }
        }
      }]
    }
  }
}

YAML

server:
  security:
    securityRealms:
      - name: "management-realm"
        propertiesRealm:
          groupsAttribute: "Roles"
          userProperties:
            digestRealmName: "management-realm"
            path: "management-users.properties"
          groupProperties:
            path: "management-groups.properties"
      - name: "application-realm"
        propertiesRealm:
          groupsAttribute: "Roles"
          userProperties:
            digestRealmName: "application-realm"
            path: "application-users.properties"
          groupProperties:
            path: "application-groups.properties"

2.2. Setting up Kerberos identities

Add Kerberos identities to a security realm in your Data Grid Server configuration to use keytab files that contain service principal names and encrypted keys, derived from Kerberos passwords.

Prerequisites

  • Have Kerberos service account principals.
Note

keytab files can contain both user and service account principals. However, Data Grid Server uses service account principals only which means it can provide identity to clients and allow clients to authenticate with Kerberos servers.

In most cases, you create unique principals for the Hot Rod and REST endpoints. For example, if you have a "datagrid" server in the "INFINISPAN.ORG" domain you should create the following service principals:

  • hotrod/datagrid@INFINISPAN.ORG identifies the Hot Rod service.
  • HTTP/datagrid@INFINISPAN.ORG identifies the REST service.

Procedure

  1. Create keytab files for the Hot Rod and REST services.

    Linux
    ktutil
ktutil:  addent -password -p datagrid@INFINISPAN.ORG -k 1 -e aes256-cts
Password for datagrid@INFINISPAN.ORG: [enter your password]
ktutil:  wkt http.keytab
ktutil:  quit
    Microsoft Windows
    ktpass -princ HTTP/datagrid@INFINISPAN.ORG -pass * -mapuser INFINISPAN\USER_NAME
ktab -k http.keytab -a HTTP/datagrid@INFINISPAN.ORG
  2. Copy the keytab files to the server/conf directory of your Data Grid Server installation.
  3. Open your Data Grid Server configuration for editing.
  4. Add a server-identities definition to the Data Grid server security realm.
  5. Specify the location of keytab files that provide service principals to Hot Rod and REST connectors.
  6. Name the Kerberos service principals.
  7. Save the changes to your configuration.

Kerberos identity configuration

XML

<server xmlns="urn:infinispan:server:15.0">
  <security>
    <security-realms>
      <security-realm name="kerberos-realm">
        <server-identities>
          <!-- Specifies a keytab file that provides a Kerberos identity. -->
          <!-- Names the Kerberos service principal for the Hot Rod endpoint. -->
          <!-- The required="true" attribute specifies that the keytab file must be present when the server starts. -->
          <kerberos keytab-path="hotrod.keytab"
                    principal="hotrod/datagrid@INFINISPAN.ORG"
                    required="true"/>
          <!-- Specifies a keytab file and names the Kerberos service principal for the REST endpoint. -->
          <kerberos keytab-path="http.keytab"
                    principal="HTTP/localhost@INFINISPAN.ORG"
                    required="true"/>
        </server-identities>
      </security-realm>
    </security-realms>
  </security>
  <endpoints>
    <endpoint socket-binding="default"
              security-realm="kerberos-realm">
     <hotrod-connector>
        <authentication>
           <sasl server-name="datagrid"
                 server-principal="hotrod/datagrid@INFINISPAN.ORG"/>
        </authentication>
     </hotrod-connector>
     <rest-connector>
       <authentication server-principal="HTTP/localhost@INFINISPAN.ORG"/>
     </rest-connector>
   </endpoint>
  </endpoints>
</server>

JSON

{
  "server": {
    "security": {
      "security-realms": [{
        "name": "kerberos-realm",
        "server-identities": [{
          "kerberos": {
            "principal": "hotrod/datagrid@INFINISPAN.ORG",
            "keytab-path": "hotrod.keytab",
            "required": true
          },
          "kerberos": {
            "principal": "HTTP/localhost@INFINISPAN.ORG",
            "keytab-path": "http.keytab",
            "required": true
          }
        }]
      }]
    },
    "endpoints": {
      "endpoint": {
        "socket-binding": "default",
        "security-realm": "kerberos-realm",
        "hotrod-connector": {
          "authentication": {
            "security-realm": "kerberos-realm",
            "sasl": {
              "server-name": "datagrid",
              "server-principal": "hotrod/datagrid@INFINISPAN.ORG"
            }
          }
        },
        "rest-connector": {
          "authentication": {
            "server-principal": "HTTP/localhost@INFINISPAN.ORG"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

YAML

server:
  security:
    securityRealms:
      - name: "kerberos-realm"
        serverIdentities:
          - kerberos:
              principal: "hotrod/datagrid@INFINISPAN.ORG"
              keytabPath: "hotrod.keytab"
              required: "true"
          - kerberos:
              principal: "HTTP/localhost@INFINISPAN.ORG"
              keytabPath: "http.keytab"
              required: "true"
  endpoints:
    endpoint:
      socketBinding: "default"
      securityRealm: "kerberos-realm"
      hotrodConnector:
        authentication:
          sasl:
            serverName: "datagrid"
            serverPrincipal: "hotrod/datagrid@INFINISPAN.ORG"
      restConnector:
        authentication:
          securityRealm: "kerberos-realm"
          serverPrincipal" : "HTTP/localhost@INFINISPAN.ORG"

2.3. Property realms

Property realms use property files to define users and groups.

  • users.properties contains Data Grid user credentials. Passwords can be pre-digested with the DIGEST-MD5 and DIGEST authentication mechanisms.
  • groups.properties associates users with roles and permissions.

users.properties

myuser=a_password
user2=another_password

groups.properties

myuser=supervisor,reader,writer
user2=supervisor

Property realm configuration

XML

<server xmlns="urn:infinispan:server:15.0">
  <security>
    <security-realms>
      <security-realm name="default">
        <!-- groups-attribute configures the "groups.properties" file to contain security authorization roles. -->
        <properties-realm groups-attribute="Roles">
          <user-properties path="users.properties"
                           relative-to="infinispan.server.config.path"
                           plain-text="true"/>
          <group-properties path="groups.properties"
                            relative-to="infinispan.server.config.path"/>
        </properties-realm>
      </security-realm>
    </security-realms>
  </security>
</server>

JSON

{
  "server": {
    "security": {
      "security-realms": [{
        "name": "default",
        "properties-realm": {
          "groups-attribute": "Roles",
          "user-properties": {
            "digest-realm-name": "default",
            "path": "users.properties",
            "relative-to": "infinispan.server.config.path",
            "plain-text": true
          },
          "group-properties": {
            "path": "groups.properties",
            "relative-to": "infinispan.server.config.path"
          }
        }
      }]
    }
  }
}

YAML

server:
  security:
    securityRealms:
      - name: "default"
        propertiesRealm:
          # groupsAttribute configures the "groups.properties" file
          # to contain security authorization roles.
          groupsAttribute: "Roles"
          userProperties:
            digestRealmName: "default"
            path: "users.properties"
            relative-to: 'infinispan.server.config.path'
            plainText: "true"
          groupProperties:
            path: "groups.properties"
            relative-to: 'infinispan.server.config.path'

2.3.1. Property realm file structure

User properties files are structured as follows:

users.properties structure

#$REALM_NAME=default$
#$ALGORITHM=encrypted$
#Wed Jul 31 08:32:08 CEST 2024
admin=algorithm-1\:hash-1;algorithm-2\:hash-2;...

The first three lines are special comments that define the name of the realm ($REALM_NAME), whether the passwords are stored in clear or encrypted format ($ALGORITHM) and the timestamp of the last update.

User credentials are stored in traditional key/value format: the key corresponds to the username and the value corresponds to the password. Encrypted passwords are represented as semi-colon-separated algorithm/hash pairs, with the hash encoded in Base64.

Credentials are encrypted using the realm name. Changing a realm’s name requires re-encrypting all the passwords. Use the Data Grid CLI to enter the correct security realm name to the file.

2.4. LDAP realms

LDAP realms connect to LDAP servers, such as OpenLDAP, Red Hat Directory Server, Apache Directory Server, or Microsoft Active Directory, to authenticate users and obtain membership information.

Note

LDAP servers can have different entry layouts, depending on the type of server and deployment. It is beyond the scope of this document to provide examples for all possible configurations.

2.4.1. LDAP connection properties

Specify the LDAP connection properties in the LDAP realm configuration.

The following properties are required:

url

Specifies the URL of the LDAP server. The URL should be in format ldap://hostname:port or ldaps://hostname:port for secure connections using TLS.

principal

Specifies a distinguished name (DN) of a valid user in the LDAp server. The DN uniquely identifies the user within the LDAP directory structure.

credential

Corresponds to the password associated with the principal mentioned above.

Important

The principal for LDAP connections must have necessary privileges to perform LDAP queries and access specific attributes.

Tip

Enabling connection-pooling significantly improves the performance of authentication to LDAP servers. The connection pooling mechanism is provided by the JDK. For more information see Connection Pooling Configuration and Java Tutorials: Pooling.

2.4.2. LDAP realm user authentication methods

Configure the user authentication method in the LDAP realm.

The LDAP realm can authenticate users in two ways:

Hashed password comparison

by comparing the hashed password stored in a user’s password attribute (usually userPassword)

Direct verification

by authenticating against the LDAP server using the supplied credentials

Direct verification is the only approach that works with Active Directory, because access to the password attribute is forbidden.

Important

You cannot use endpoint authentication mechanisms that performs hashing with the direct-verification attribute, since this method requires having the password in clear text. As a result you must use the BASIC authentication mechanism with the REST endpoint and PLAIN with the Hot Rod endpoint to integrate with Active Directory Server. A more secure alternative is to use Kerberos, which allows the SPNEGO, GSSAPI, and GS2-KRB5 authentication mechanisms.

The LDAP realm searches the directory to find the entry which corresponds to the authenticated user. The rdn-identifier attribute specifies an LDAP attribute that finds the user entry based on a provided identifier, which is typically a username; for example, the uid or sAMAccountName attribute. Add search-recursive="true" to the configuration to search the directory recursively. By default, the search for the user entry uses the (rdn_identifier={0}) filter. You can specify a different filter using the filter-name attribute.

2.4.3. Mapping user entries to their associated groups

In the LDAP realm configuration, specify the attribute-mapping element to retrieve and associate all groups that a user is a member of.

The membership information is stored typically in two ways:

  • Under group entries that usually have class groupOfNames or groupOfUniqueNames in the member attribute. This is the default behavior in most LDAP installations, except for Active Directory. In this case, you can use an attribute filter. This filter searches for entries that match the supplied filter, which locates groups with a member attribute equal to the user’s DN. The filter then extracts the group entry’s CN as specified by from, and adds it to the user’s Roles.

  • In the user entry in the memberOf attribute. This is typically the case for Active Directory. In this case you should use an attribute reference such as the following:

    <attribute-reference reference="memberOf" from="cn" to="Roles" />

    This reference gets all memberOf attributes from the user’s entry, extracts the CN as specified by from, and adds them to the user’s groups (Roles is the internal name used to map the groups).

2.4.4. LDAP realm configuration reference

XML

<server xmlns="urn:infinispan:server:15.0">
  <security>
    <security-realms>
      <security-realm name="ldap-realm">
        <!-- Specifies connection properties. -->
        <ldap-realm url="ldap://my-ldap-server:10389"
                    principal="uid=admin,ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org"
                    credential="strongPassword"
                    connection-timeout="3000"
                    read-timeout="30000"
                    connection-pooling="true"
                    referral-mode="ignore"
                    page-size="30"
                    direct-verification="true">
          <!-- Defines how principals are mapped to LDAP entries. -->
          <identity-mapping rdn-identifier="uid"
                            search-dn="ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org"
                            search-recursive="false">
            <!-- Retrieves all the groups of which the user is a member. -->
            <attribute-mapping>
              <attribute from="cn" to="Roles"
                         filter="(&amp;(objectClass=groupOfNames)(member={1}))"
                         filter-dn="ou=Roles,dc=infinispan,dc=org"/>
            </attribute-mapping>
          </identity-mapping>
        </ldap-realm>
      </security-realm>
    </security-realms>
  </security>
</server>

JSON

{
  "server": {
    "security": {
      "security-realms": [{
        "name": "ldap-realm",
        "ldap-realm": {
          "url": "ldap://my-ldap-server:10389",
          "principal": "uid=admin,ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org",
          "credential": "strongPassword",
          "connection-timeout": "3000",
          "read-timeout": "30000",
          "connection-pooling": "true",
          "referral-mode": "ignore",
          "page-size": "30",
          "direct-verification": "true",
          "identity-mapping": {
            "rdn-identifier": "uid",
            "search-dn": "ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org",
            "search-recursive": "false",
            "attribute-mapping": [{
              "from": "cn",
              "to": "Roles",
              "filter": "(&(objectClass=groupOfNames)(member={1}))",
              "filter-dn": "ou=Roles,dc=infinispan,dc=org"
            }]
          }
        }
      }]
    }
  }
}

YAML

server:
  security:
    securityRealms:
      - name: ldap-realm
        ldapRealm:
          url: 'ldap://my-ldap-server:10389'
          principal: 'uid=admin,ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org'
          credential: strongPassword
          connectionTimeout: '3000'
          readTimeout: '30000'
          connectionPooling: true
          referralMode: ignore
          pageSize: '30'
          directVerification: true
          identityMapping:
            rdnIdentifier: uid
            searchDn: 'ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org'
            searchRecursive: false
            attributeMapping:
              - filter: '(&(objectClass=groupOfNames)(member={1}))'
                filterDn: 'ou=Roles,dc=infinispan,dc=org'
                from: cn
                to: Roles

2.4.4.1. LDAP realm principal rewriting

Principals obtained by SASL authentication mechanisms such as GSSAPI, GS2-KRB5 and Negotiate usually include the domain name, for example myuser@INFINISPAN.ORG. Before using these principals in LDAP queries, it is necessary to transform them to ensure their compatibility. This process is called rewriting.

Data Grid includes the following transformers:

case-principal-transformer

rewrites the principal to either all uppercase or all lowercase. For example MyUser would be rewritten as MYUSER in uppercase mode and myuser in lowercase mode.

common-name-principal-transformer

rewrites principals in the LDAP Distinguished Name format (as defined by RFC 4514). It extracts the first attribute of type CN (commonName). For example, DN=CN=myuser,OU=myorg,DC=mydomain would be rewritten as myuser.

regex-principal-transformer

rewrites principals using a regular expression with capturing groups, allowing, for example, for extractions of any substring.

2.4.4.2. LDAP principal rewriting configuration reference

Case principal transformer

XML

<server xmlns="urn:infinispan:server:15.0">
  <security>
    <security-realms>
      <security-realm name="ldap-realm">
        <ldap-realm url="ldap://${org.infinispan.test.host.address}:10389"
                    principal="uid=admin,ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org"
                    credential="strongPassword">
          <name-rewriter>
            <!-- Defines a rewriter that transforms usernames to lowercase -->
            <case-principal-transformer uppercase="false"/>
          </name-rewriter>
          <!-- further configuration omitted -->
        </ldap-realm>
      </security-realm>
    </security-realms>
  </security>
</server>

JSON

{
  "server": {
    "security": {
      "security-realms": [{
        "name": "ldap-realm",
        "ldap-realm": {
          "principal": "uid=admin,ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org",
          "url": "ldap://${org.infinispan.test.host.address}:10389",
          "credential": "strongPassword",
          "name-rewriter": {
            "case-principal-transformer": {
              "uppercase": false
            }
          }
        }
      }]
    }
  }
}

YAML

server:
  security:
    securityRealms:
      - name: "ldap-realm"
        ldapRealm:
          principal: "uid=admin,ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org"
          url: "ldap://${org.infinispan.test.host.address}:10389"
          credential: "strongPassword"
          nameRewriter:
            casePrincipalTransformer:
              uppercase: false
          # further configuration omitted

Common name principal transformer

XML

<server xmlns="urn:infinispan:server:15.0">
  <security>
    <security-realms>
      <security-realm name="ldap-realm">
        <ldap-realm url="ldap://${org.infinispan.test.host.address}:10389"
                    principal="uid=admin,ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org"
                    credential="strongPassword">
          <name-rewriter>
            <!-- Defines a rewriter that obtains the first CN from a DN -->
            <common-name-principal-transformer />
          </name-rewriter>
          <!-- further configuration omitted -->
        </ldap-realm>
      </security-realm>
    </security-realms>
  </security>
</server>

JSON

{
  "server": {
    "security": {
      "security-realms": [{
        "name": "ldap-realm",
        "ldap-realm": {
          "principal": "uid=admin,ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org",
          "url": "ldap://${org.infinispan.test.host.address}:10389",
          "credential": "strongPassword",
          "name-rewriter": {
            "common-name-principal-transformer": {}
          }
        }
      }]
    }
  }
}

YAML

server:
  security:
    securityRealms:
      - name: "ldap-realm"
        ldapRealm:
          principal: "uid=admin,ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org"
          url: "ldap://${org.infinispan.test.host.address}:10389"
          credential: "strongPassword"
          nameRewriter:
            commonNamePrincipalTransformer: ~
          # further configuration omitted

Regex principal transformer

XML

<server xmlns="urn:infinispan:server:15.0">
  <security>
    <security-realms>
      <security-realm name="ldap-realm">
        <ldap-realm url="ldap://${org.infinispan.test.host.address}:10389"
                    principal="uid=admin,ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org"
                    credential="strongPassword">
          <name-rewriter>
            <!-- Defines a rewriter that extracts the username from the principal using a regular expression. -->
            <regex-principal-transformer pattern="(.*)@INFINISPAN\.ORG"
                                         replacement="$1"/>
          </name-rewriter>
          <!-- further configuration omitted -->
        </ldap-realm>
      </security-realm>
    </security-realms>
  </security>
</server>

JSON

{
  "server": {
    "security": {
      "security-realms": [{
        "name": "ldap-realm",
        "ldap-realm": {
          "principal": "uid=admin,ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org",
          "url": "ldap://${org.infinispan.test.host.address}:10389",
          "credential": "strongPassword",
          "name-rewriter": {
            "regex-principal-transformer": {
              "pattern": "(.*)@INFINISPAN\\.ORG",
              "replacement": "$1"
            }
          }
        }
      }]
    }
  }
}

YAML

server:
  security:
    securityRealms:
      - name: "ldap-realm"
        ldapRealm:
          principal: "uid=admin,ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org"
          url: "ldap://${org.infinispan.test.host.address}:10389"
          credential: "strongPassword"
          nameRewriter:
            regexPrincipalTransformer:
              pattern: (.*)@INFINISPAN\.ORG
              replacement: "$1"
          # further configuration omitted

2.4.4.3. LDAP user and group mapping process with Data Grid

This example illustrates the process of loading and internally mapping LDAP users and groups to Data Grid subjects. The following is a LDIF (LDAP Data Interchange Format) file, which describes multiple LDAP entries:

LDIF

# Users

dn: uid=root,ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org
objectclass: top
objectclass: uidObject
objectclass: person
uid: root
cn: root
sn: root
userPassword: strongPassword

# Groups

dn: cn=admin,ou=Roles,dc=infinispan,dc=org
objectClass: top
objectClass: groupOfNames
cn: admin
description: the Infinispan admin group
member: uid=root,ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org

dn: cn=monitor,ou=Roles,dc=infinispan,dc=org
objectClass: top
objectClass: groupOfNames
cn: monitor
description: the Infinispan monitor group
member: uid=root,ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org

The root user is a member of the admin and monitor groups.

When a request to authenticate the user root with the password strongPassword is made on one of the endpoints, the following operations are performed:

  • The username is optionally rewritten using the chosen principal transformer.
  • The realm searches within the ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org tree for an entry whose uid attribute is equal to root and finds the entry with DN uid=root,ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org, which becomes the user principal.
  • The realm searches within the u=Roles,dc=infinispan,dc=org tree for entries of objectClass=groupOfNames that include uid=root,ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org in the member attribute. In this case it finds two entries: cn=admin,ou=Roles,dc=infinispan,dc=org and cn=monitor,ou=Roles,dc=infinispan,dc=org. From these entries, it extracts the cn attributes which become the group principals.

The resulting subject will therefore look like:

  • NamePrincipal: uid=root,ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org
  • RolePrincipal: admin
  • RolePrincipal: monitor

At this point, the global authorization mappers are applied on the above subject to convert the principals into roles. The roles are then expanded into a set of permissions, which are validated against the requested cache and operation.

2.5. Token realms

Token realms use external services to validate tokens and require providers that are compatible with RFC-7662 (OAuth2 Token Introspection), such as Red Hat SSO.

Token realm configuration

XML

<server xmlns="urn:infinispan:server:15.0">
  <security>
    <security-realms>
      <security-realm name="token-realm">
        <!-- Specifies the URL of the authentication server. -->
        <token-realm name="token"
                     auth-server-url="https://oauth-server/auth/">
          <!-- Specifies the URL of the token introspection endpoint. -->
          <oauth2-introspection introspection-url="https://oauth-server/auth/realms/infinispan/protocol/openid-connect/token/introspect"
                                client-id="infinispan-server"
                                client-secret="1fdca4ec-c416-47e0-867a-3d471af7050f"/>
        </token-realm>
      </security-realm>
    </security-realms>
  </security>
</server>

JSON

{
  "server": {
    "security": {
      "security-realms": [{
        "name": "token-realm",
        "token-realm": {
          "auth-server-url": "https://oauth-server/auth/",
          "oauth2-introspection": {
            "client-id": "infinispan-server",
            "client-secret": "1fdca4ec-c416-47e0-867a-3d471af7050f",
            "introspection-url": "https://oauth-server/auth/realms/infinispan/protocol/openid-connect/token/introspect"
          }
        }
      }]
    }
  }
}

YAML

server:
  security:
    securityRealms:
      - name: token-realm
        tokenRealm:
          authServerUrl: 'https://oauth-server/auth/'
          oauth2Introspection:
            clientId: infinispan-server
            clientSecret: '1fdca4ec-c416-47e0-867a-3d471af7050f'
            introspectionUrl: 'https://oauth-server/auth/realms/infinispan/protocol/openid-connect/token/introspect'

2.6. Trust store realms

Trust store realms use certificates, or certificates chains, that verify Data Grid Server and client identities when they negotiate connections.

Keystores
Contain server certificates that provide a Data Grid Server identity to clients. If you configure a keystore with server certificates, Data Grid Server encrypts traffic using industry standard SSL/TLS protocols.
Trust stores
Contain client certificates, or certificate chains, that clients present to Data Grid Server. Client trust stores are optional and allow Data Grid Server to perform client certificate authentication.

Client certificate authentication

You must add the require-ssl-client-auth="true" attribute to the endpoint configuration if you want Data Grid Server to validate or authenticate client certificates.

Trust store realm configuration

XML

<server xmlns="urn:infinispan:server:15.0">
  <security>
    <security-realms>
      <security-realm name="trust-store-realm">
        <server-identities>
          <ssl>
            <!-- Provides an SSL/TLS identity with a keystore that contains server certificates. -->
            <keystore path="server.p12"
                      relative-to="infinispan.server.config.path"
                      keystore-password="secret"
                      alias="server"/>
            <!-- Configures a trust store that contains client certificates or part of a certificate chain. -->
            <truststore path="trust.p12"
                        relative-to="infinispan.server.config.path"
                        password="secret"/>
          </ssl>
        </server-identities>
        <!-- Authenticates client certificates against the trust store. If you configure this, the trust store must contain the public certificates for all clients. -->
        <truststore-realm/>
      </security-realm>
    </security-realms>
  </security>
</server>

JSON

{
  "server": {
    "security": {
      "security-realms": [{
        "name": "trust-store-realm",
        "server-identities": {
          "ssl": {
            "keystore": {
              "path": "server.p12",
              "relative-to": "infinispan.server.config.path",
              "keystore-password": "secret",
              "alias": "server"
            },
            "truststore": {
              "path": "trust.p12",
              "relative-to": "infinispan.server.config.path",
              "password": "secret"
            }
          }
        },
        "truststore-realm": {}
      }]
    }
  }
}

YAML

server:
  security:
    securityRealms:
      - name: "trust-store-realm"
        serverIdentities:
          ssl:
            keystore:
              path: "server.p12"
              relative-to: "infinispan.server.config.path"
              keystore-password: "secret"
              alias: "server"
            truststore:
              path: "trust.p12"
              relative-to: "infinispan.server.config.path"
              password: "secret"
        truststoreRealm: ~

2.7. Distributed security realms

Distributed realms combine multiple different types of security realms. When users attempt to access the Hot Rod or REST endpoints, Data Grid Server uses each security realm in turn until it finds one that can perform the authentication.

Distributed realm configuration

XML

<server xmlns="urn:infinispan:server:15.0">
  <security>
    <security-realms>
      <security-realm name="distributed-realm">
        <ldap-realm url="ldap://my-ldap-server:10389"
                    principal="uid=admin,ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org"
                    credential="strongPassword">
          <identity-mapping rdn-identifier="uid"
                            search-dn="ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org"
                            search-recursive="false">
            <attribute-mapping>
              <attribute from="cn" to="Roles"
                         filter="(&amp;(objectClass=groupOfNames)(member={1}))"
                         filter-dn="ou=Roles,dc=infinispan,dc=org"/>
            </attribute-mapping>
          </identity-mapping>
        </ldap-realm>
        <properties-realm groups-attribute="Roles">
          <user-properties path="users.properties"
                           relative-to="infinispan.server.config.path"/>
          <group-properties path="groups.properties"
                            relative-to="infinispan.server.config.path"/>
        </properties-realm>
        <distributed-realm/>
      </security-realm>
    </security-realms>
  </security>
</server>

JSON

{
  "server": {
    "security": {
      "security-realms": [{
        "name": "distributed-realm",
        "ldap-realm": {
          "principal": "uid=admin,ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org",
          "url": "ldap://my-ldap-server:10389",
          "credential": "strongPassword",
          "identity-mapping": {
            "rdn-identifier": "uid",
            "search-dn": "ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org",
            "search-recursive": false,
            "attribute-mapping": {
              "attribute": {
                "filter": "(&(objectClass=groupOfNames)(member={1}))",
                "filter-dn": "ou=Roles,dc=infinispan,dc=org",
                "from": "cn",
                "to": "Roles"
              }
            }
          }
        },
        "properties-realm": {
          "groups-attribute": "Roles",
          "user-properties": {
            "digest-realm-name": "distributed-realm",
            "path": "users.properties"
          },
          "group-properties": {
            "path": "groups.properties"
          }
        },
        "distributed-realm": {}
      }]
    }
  }
}

YAML

server:
  security:
    securityRealms:
      - name: "distributed-realm"
        ldapRealm:
          principal: "uid=admin,ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org"
          url: "ldap://my-ldap-server:10389"
          credential: "strongPassword"
          identityMapping:
            rdnIdentifier: "uid"
            searchDn: "ou=People,dc=infinispan,dc=org"
            searchRecursive: "false"
            attributeMapping:
              attribute:
                filter: "(&(objectClass=groupOfNames)(member={1}))"
                filterDn: "ou=Roles,dc=infinispan,dc=org"
                from: "cn"
                to: "Roles"
        propertiesRealm:
          groupsAttribute: "Roles"
          userProperties:
            digestRealmName: "distributed-realm"
            path: "users.properties"
          groupProperties:
            path: "groups.properties"
        distributedRealm: ~

2.8. Aggregate security realms

Aggregate realms combine multiple realms: the first one for the authentication steps and the others for loading the identity for the authorization steps. For example, this can be used to authenticate users via a client certificate, and retrieve identity from a properties or LDAP realm.

Aggregate realm configuration

XML

<server xmlns="urn:infinispan:server:15.0">
   <security>
      <security-realms>
         <security-realm name="default" default-realm="aggregate">
            <server-identities>
               <ssl>
                  <keystore path="server.pfx" password="secret" alias="server"/>
                  <truststore path="trust.pfx" password="secret"/>
               </ssl>
            </server-identities>
            <properties-realm name="properties" groups-attribute="Roles">
               <user-properties path="users.properties" relative-to="infinispan.server.config.path"/>
               <group-properties path="groups.properties" relative-to="infinispan.server.config.path"/>
            </properties-realm>
            <truststore-realm name="trust"/>
            <aggregate-realm authentication-realm="trust" authorization-realms="properties">
               <name-rewriter>
                  <common-name-principal-transformer/>
               </name-rewriter>
            </aggregate-realm>
         </security-realm>
      </security-realms>
   </security>
</server>

JSON

{
  "server": {
    "security": {
      "security-realms": [
        {
          "name": "aggregate-realm",
          "default-realm": "aggregate",
          "server-identities": {
            "ssl": {
              "keystore": {
                "path": "server.p12",
                "relative-to": "infinispan.server.config.path",
                "keystore-password": "secret",
                "alias": "server"
              },
              "truststore": {
                "path": "trust.p12",
                "relative-to": "infinispan.server.config.path",
                "password": "secret"
              }
            }
          },
          "properties-realm": {
            "name": "properties",
            "groups-attribute": "Roles",
            "user-properties": {
              "digest-realm-name": "distributed-realm",
              "path": "users.properties"
            },
            "group-properties": {
              "path": "groups.properties"
            }
          },
          "truststore-realm": {
            "name": "trust"
          },
          "aggregate-realm": {
            "authentication-realm": "trust",
            "authorization-realms": ["properties"],
            "name-rewriter": {
              "common-name-principal-transformer": {}
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

YAML

server:
  security:
    securityRealms:
      - name: "aggregate-realm"
        defaultRealm: "aggregate"
        serverIdentities:
          ssl:
            keystore:
              path: "server.p12"
              relative-to: "infinispan.server.config.path"
              keystore-password: "secret"
              alias: "server"
            truststore:
              path: "trust.p12"
              relative-to: "infinispan.server.config.path"
              password: "secret"
        truststoreRealm:
          name: "trust"
        propertiesRealm:
          name: "properties"
          groupsAttribute: "Roles"
          userProperties:
            digestRealmName: "distributed-realm"
            path: "users.properties"
          groupProperties:
            path: "groups.properties"
        aggregateRealm:
          authenticationRealm: "trust"
          authorizationRealms:
            - "properties"
          nameRewriter:
            common-name-principal-transformer: ~

2.8.1. Name rewriters

Principal names may have different forms, depending on the security realm type:

  • Properties and Token realms may return simple strings
  • Trust and LDAP realms may return X.500-style distinguished names
  • Kerberos realms may return user@domain-style names

Names must be normalized to a common form when using the aggregate realm using one of the following transformers.

2.8.1.1. Case Principal Transformer

The case-principal-transformer transforms a name to all uppercase or all lowercase letters.

XML

<aggregate-realm authentication-realm="trust" authorization-realms="properties">
   <name-rewriter>
      <case-principal-transformer uppercase="false"/>
   </name-rewriter>
</aggregate-realm>

JSON

{
  "aggregate-realm": {
    "authentication-realm": "trust",
    "authorization-realms": [
      "properties"
    ],
    "name-rewriter": {
      "case-principal-transformer": {
        "uppercase": "false"
      }
    }
  }
}

YAML

aggregateRealm:
  authenticationRealm: "trust"
  authorizationRealms:
    - "properties"
  nameRewriter:
    casePrincipalTransformer:
      uppercase: false

2.8.1.2. Common Name Principal Transformer

The common-name-principal-transformer extracts the first CN element from a DN used by LDAP or Certificates. For example, given a principal in the form CN=app1,CN=serviceA,OU=applications,DC=infinispan,DC=org, the following configuration will extract app1 as the principal.

XML

<aggregate-realm authentication-realm="trust" authorization-realms="properties">
   <name-rewriter>
      <common-name-principal-transformer/>
   </name-rewriter>
</aggregate-realm>

JSON

{
  "aggregate-realm": {
    "authentication-realm": "trust",
    "authorization-realms": [
      "properties"
    ],
    "name-rewriter": {
      "common-name-principal-transformer": {}
    }
  }
}

YAML

aggregateRealm:
  authenticationRealm: "trust"
  authorizationRealms:
    - "properties"
  nameRewriter:
    commonNamePrincipalTransformer: ~

2.8.1.3. Regex Principal Transformer

The regex-principal-transformer can perform find and replace using a regular expression. The example shows how to extract the local-part from a user@domain.com identifier.

XML

<aggregate-realm authentication-realm="trust" authorization-realms="properties">
   <name-rewriter>
      <regex-principal-transformer pattern="([^@]+)@.*" replacement="$1" replace-all="false"/>
   </name-rewriter>
</aggregate-realm>

JSON

{
  "aggregate-realm": {
    "authentication-realm": "trust",
    "authorization-realms": [
      "properties"
    ],
    "name-rewriter": {
      "regex-principal-transformer": {
        "pattern" : "([^@]+)@.*",
        "replacement": "$1",
        "replace-all": false
      }
    }
  }
}

YAML

aggregateRealm:
  authenticationRealm: "trust"
  authorizationRealms:
    - "properties"
  nameRewriter:
    regexPrincipalTransformer:
      pattern: "([^@]+)@.*"
      replacement: "$1"
      replaceAll: false

2.9. Security realm caching

Security realms implement caching to avoid having to repeatedly retrieve data which usually changes very infrequently. By default

Realm caching realm configuration

XML

<server xmlns="urn:infinispan:server:15.0">
    <security>
        <security-realms>
            <security-realm name="default" cache-max-size="1024" cache-lifespan="120000">
            </security-realm>
        </security-realms>
    </security>
</server>

JSON

{
  "server": {
    "security": {
      "security-realms": [{
        "name": "default",
        "cache-max-size": 1024,
        "cache-lifespan": 120000
      }]
    }
  }
}

YAML

server:
  security:
    securityRealms:
      - name: "default"
        cache-max-size: 1024
        cache-lifespan: 120000

2.9.1. Flushing realm caches

Use the CLI to flush security realm caches across the whole cluster. 

[node-1@mycluster//containers/default]> server aclcache flush
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