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Chapter 8. Configuring an iSCSI target

Red Hat Enterprise Linux uses the targetcli shell as a command-line interface to perform the following operations:

  • Add, remove, view, and monitor iSCSI storage interconnects to utilize iSCSI hardware.
  • Export local storage resources that are backed by either files, volumes, local SCSI devices, or by RAM disks to remote systems.

The targetcli tool has a tree-based layout including built-in tab completion, auto-complete support, and inline documentation.

8.1. Installing targetcli
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Install the targetcli tool to add, monitor, and remove iSCSI storage interconnects .

Procedure

  1. Install the targetcli tool: 

    # yum install targetcli
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  2. Start the target service: 

    # systemctl start target
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  3. Configure target to start at boot time: 

    # systemctl enable target
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  4. Open port 3260 in the firewall and reload the firewall configuration: 

    # firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3260/tcp
Success
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    # firewall-cmd --reload
Success
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Verification

  • View the targetcli layout: 

    # targetcli
/> ls
o- /........................................[...]
  o- backstores.............................[...]
  | o- block.................[Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- fileio................[Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- pscsi.................[Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- ramdisk...............[Storage Objects: 0]
  o- iscsi...........................[Targets: 0]
  o- loopback........................[Targets: 0]
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8.2. Creating an iSCSI target
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You can create an iSCSI target to let the iSCSI initiator of the client to access the storage devices on the server. Both targets and initiators have unique identifying names.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the iSCSI directory. You can also use the cd command to navigate to the iSCSI directory. 

    /> iscsi/
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  2. Use one of the following options to create an iSCSI target:

    1. Creating an iSCSI target using a default target name: 

      /iscsi> create

Created target
iqn.2003-01.org.linux-iscsi.hostname.x8664:sn.78b473f296ff
Created TPG1
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    2. Creating an iSCSI target using a specific name: 

      /iscsi> create iqn.2006-04.com.example:444

Created target iqn.2006-04.com.example:444
Created TPG1
Here iqn.2006-04.com.example:444 is target_iqn_name
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      Replace iqn.2006-04.com.example:444 with the specific target name.

  3. Verify the newly created target: 

    /iscsi> ls

o- iscsi.......................................[1 Target]
    o- iqn.2006-04.com.example:444................[1 TPG]
        o- tpg1...........................[enabled, auth]
           o- acls...............................[0 ACL]
            o- luns...............................[0 LUN]
           o- portals.........................[0 Portal]
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8.3. iSCSI Backstore
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An iSCSI backstore enables support for different methods of storing an exported LUN’s data on the local machine. Creating a storage object defines the resources that the backstore uses.

An administrator can choose any of the following backstore devices that Linux-IO (LIO) supports:

fileio backstore
Create a fileio storage object if you are using regular files on the local file system as disk images. For creating a fileio backstore, see Creating a fileio storage object.
block backstore
Create a block storage object if you are using any local block device and logical device. For creating a block backstore, see Creating a block storage object.
pscsi backstore
Create a pscsi storage object if your storage object supports direct pass-through of SCSI commands. For creating a pscsi backstore, see Creating a pscsi storage object.
ramdisk backstore
Create a ramdisk storage object if you want to create a temporary RAM backed device. For creating a ramdisk backstore, see Creating a Memory Copy RAM disk storage object.

8.4. Creating a fileio storage object
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fileio storage objects can support either the write_back or write_thru operations. The write_back operation enables the local file system cache. This improves performance but increases the risk of data loss.

It is recommended to use write_back=false to disable the write_back operation in favor of the write_thru operation.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the fileio/ from the backstores/ directory: 

    /> backstores/fileio
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  2. Create a fileio storage object: 

    /backstores/fileio> create file1 /tmp/disk1.img 200M write_back=false

Created fileio file1 with size 209715200
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Verification

  • Verify the created fileio storage object: 

    /backstores/fileio> ls
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8.5. Creating a block storage object
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The block driver allows the use of any block device that appears in the /sys/block/ directory to be used with Linux-IO (LIO). This includes physical devices, such as HDDs, SSDs, CDs, and DVDs, and logical devices, such as software or hardware RAID volumes, or LVM volumes.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the block/ from the backstores/ directory: 

    /> backstores/block/
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  2. Create a block backstore: 

    /backstores/block> create name=block_backend dev=/dev/sdb

Generating a wwn serial.
Created block storage object block_backend using /dev/sdb.
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Verification

  • Verify the created block storage object: 

    /backstores/block> ls
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8.6. Creating a pscsi storage object
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You can configure as a backstore any storage object that supports direct pass-through of SCSI commands without SCSI emulation and with an underlying SCSI device that appears with lsscsi in the /proc/scsi/scsi, such as a SAS hard drive. SCSI-3 and higher is supported with this subsystem.

Warning

pscsi should only be used by advanced users. Advanced SCSI commands such as for Asymmetric Logical Unit Assignment (ALUAs) or Persistent Reservations (for example, those used by VMware ESX, and vSphere) are usually not implemented in the device firmware and can cause malfunctions or crashes. When in doubt, use block backstore for production setups instead.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the pscsi/ from the backstores/ directory: 

    /> backstores/pscsi/
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  2. Create a pscsi backstore for a physical SCSI device, a TYPE_ROM device using /dev/sr0 in this example: 

    /backstores/pscsi> create name=pscsi_backend dev=/dev/sr0

Generating a wwn serial.
Created pscsi storage object pscsi_backend using /dev/sr0
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Verification

  • Verify the created pscsi storage object: 

    /backstores/pscsi> ls
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8.7. Creating a Memory Copy RAM disk storage object
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Memory Copy RAM disks (ramdisk) provide RAM disks with full SCSI emulation and separate memory mappings using memory copy for initiators. This provides capability for multi-sessions and is particularly useful for fast and volatile mass storage for production purposes.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the ramdisk/ from the backstores/ directory: 

    /> backstores/ramdisk/
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  2. Create a 1GB RAM disk backstore: 

    /backstores/ramdisk> create name=rd_backend size=1GB

Generating a wwn serial.
Created rd_mcp ramdisk rd_backend with size 1GB.
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Verification

  • Verify the created ramdisk storage object: 

    /backstores/ramdisk> ls
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8.8. Creating an iSCSI portal
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You can create an iSCSI portal. This adds an IP address and a port to the target that keeps the target enabled.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the TPG directory: 

    /iscsi> iqn.2006-04.com.example:444/tpg1/
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  2. Use one of the following options to create an iSCSI portal:

    1. Creating a default portal uses the default iSCSI port 3260 and allows the target to listen to all IP addresses on that port: 

      /iscsi/iqn.20...mple:444/tpg1> portals/ create

Using default IP port 3260
Binding to INADDR_Any (0.0.0.0)
Created network portal 0.0.0.0:3260
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    2. Creating a portal using a specific IP address: 

      /iscsi/iqn.20...mple:444/tpg1> portals/ create 192.168.122.137

Using default IP port 3260
Created network portal 192.168.122.137:3260
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Verification

  • Verify the newly created portal: 

    /iscsi/iqn.20...mple:444/tpg1> ls

o- tpg.................................. [enabled, auth]
    o- acls ......................................[0 ACL]
    o- luns ......................................[0 LUN]
    o- portals ................................[1 Portal]
       o- 192.168.122.137:3260......................[OK]
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8.9. Creating an iSCSI LUN
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Logical unit number (LUN) is a physical device that is backed by the iSCSI backstore. Each LUN has a unique number.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Create LUNs of already created storage objects: 

    /iscsi/iqn.20...mple:444/tpg1> luns/ create /backstores/ramdisk/rd_backend
Created LUN 0.

/iscsi/iqn.20...mple:444/tpg1> luns/ create /backstores/block/block_backend
Created LUN 1.

/iscsi/iqn.20...mple:444/tpg1> luns/ create /backstores/fileio/file1
Created LUN 2.
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  2. Verify the created LUNs: 

    /iscsi/iqn.20...mple:444/tpg1> ls

o- tpg.................................. [enabled, auth]
    o- acls ......................................[0 ACL]
    o- luns .....................................[3 LUNs]
    |  o- lun0.........................[ramdisk/ramdisk1]
    |  o- lun1.................[block/block1 (/dev/vdb1)]
    |  o- lun2...................[fileio/file1 (/foo.img)]
    o- portals ................................[1 Portal]
        o- 192.168.122.137:3260......................[OK]
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    Default LUN name starts at 0.

    Important

    By default, LUNs are created with read-write permissions. If a new LUN is added after ACLs are created, LUN automatically maps to all available ACLs and can cause a security risk. To create a LUN with read-only permissions, see Creating a read-only iSCSI LUN.

  3. Configure ACLs. For more information, see Creating an iSCSI ACL.

8.10. Creating a read-only iSCSI LUN
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By default, LUNs are created with read-write permissions. You can create a read-only LUN.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Set read-only permissions: 

    /> set global auto_add_mapped_luns=false

Parameter auto_add_mapped_luns is now 'false'.
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    This prevents the auto mapping of LUNs to existing ACLs allowing the manual mapping of LUNs.

  2. Navigate to the initiator_iqn_name directory: 

    /> iscsi/target_iqn_name/tpg1/acls/initiator_iqn_name/
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  3. Create the LUN: 

    /iscsi/target_iqn_name/tpg1/acls/initiator_iqn_name> create mapped_lun=next_sequential_LUN_number tpg_lun_or_backstore=backstore write_protect=1
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    Example: 

    /iscsi/target_iqn_name/tpg1/acls/2006-04.com.example:888> create mapped_lun=1 tpg_lun_or_backstore=/backstores/block/block2 write_protect=1

Created LUN 1.
Created Mapped LUN 1.
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  4. Verify the created LUN: 

    /iscsi/target_iqn_name/tpg1/acls/2006-04.com.example:888> ls
 o- 2006-04.com.example:888 .. [Mapped LUNs: 2]
 | o- mapped_lun0 .............. [lun0 block/disk1 (rw)]
 | o- mapped_lun1 .............. [lun1 block/disk2 (ro)]
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    The mapped_lun1 line now has (ro) at the end (unlike mapped_lun0’s (rw)) stating that it is read-only.

  5. Configure ACLs. For more information, see Creating an iSCSI ACL.

8.11. Creating an iSCSI ACL
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The targetcli service uses Access Control Lists (ACLs) to define access rules and grant each initiator access to a Logical Unit Number (LUN).

Both targets and initiators have unique identifying names. You must know the unique name of the initiator to configure ACLs. The /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi file, provided by the iscsi-initiator-utils package, contains the iSCSI initiator names.

Prerequisites

  • The targetcli service is installed and running.
  • An iSCSI target associated with a Target Portal Groups (TPG).

Procedure

  1. Optional: To disable auto mapping of LUNs to ACLs see Creating a read-only iSCSI LUN.

  2. Navigate to the acls directory: 

    /> iscsi/target_iqn_name/tpg_name/acls/
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  3. Use one of the following options to create an ACL:

    • Use the initiator_iqn_name from the /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi file on the initiator: 

      iscsi/target_iqn_name/tpg_name/acls> create initiator_iqn_name

Created Node ACL for initiator_iqn_name
Created mapped LUN 2.
Created mapped LUN 1.
Created mapped LUN 0.
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    • Use a custom_name and update the initiator to match it: 

      iscsi/target_iqn_name/tpg_name/acls> create custom_name

Created Node ACL for custom_name
Created mapped LUN 2.
Created mapped LUN 1.
Created mapped LUN 0.
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      For information about updating the initiator name, see Creating an iSCSI intiator.

Verification

  • Verify the created ACL: 

    iscsi/target_iqn_name/tpg_name/acls> ls

o- acls .................................................[1 ACL]
    o- target_iqn_name ....[3 Mapped LUNs, auth]
        o- mapped_lun0 .............[lun0 ramdisk/ramdisk1 (rw)]
        o- mapped_lun1 .................[lun1 block/block1 (rw)]
        o- mapped_lun2 .................[lun2 fileio/file1 (rw)]
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By using the Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP), users can protect the target with a password. The initiator must be aware of this password to be able to connect to the target.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Set attribute authentication: 

    /iscsi/iqn.20...mple:444/tpg1> set attribute authentication=1

Parameter authentication is now '1'.
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  2. Set userid and password: 

    /tpg1> set auth userid=redhat
Parameter userid is now 'redhat'.

/iscsi/iqn.20...689dcbb3/tpg1> set auth password=redhat_passwd
Parameter password is now 'redhat_passwd'.
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  3. Navigate to the acls directory: 

    /> iscsi/target_iqn_name/tpg1/acls/initiator_iqn_name/
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  4. Set attribute authentication: 

    /iscsi/iqn.20...:605fcc6a48be> set attribute authentication=1
Parameter authentication is now '1'.
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  5. Set userid and password: 

    /iscsi/iqn.20...:605fcc6a48be> set auth userid=redhat
Parameter userid is now 'redhat'.

/iscsi/iqn.20...:605fcc6a48be> set auth password=redhat_passwd
Parameter password is now 'redhat_passwd'.
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8.13. Removing an iSCSI object using targetcli tool
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You can remove the iSCSI objects by using the targetcli tool.

Procedure

  1. Log off from the target: 

    # iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2006-04.com.example:444 -u
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    For more information about how to log in to the target, see Creating an iSCSI initiator.

  2. Remove the entire target, including all ACLs, LUNs, and portals: 

    /> iscsi/ delete iqn.2006-04.com.example:444
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    Replace iqn.2006-04.com.example:444 with the target_iqn_name.

    • To remove an iSCSI backstore: 

      /> backstores/backstore-type/ delete block_backend
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      Replace backstore-type with either fileio, block, pscsi, or ramdisk.

      Replace block_backend with the backstore-name you want to delete.

    • To remove parts of an iSCSI target, such as an ACL: 

      /> /iscsi/iqn-name/tpg/acls/ delete iqn.2006-04.com.example:444
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Verification

  • View the changes: 

    /> iscsi/ ls
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