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Chapter 1. Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 1.4 release notes
RHEL AI provides organizations with a process to develop enterprise applications on open source Large Language Models (LLMs).
1.1. About this release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI version 1.4 includes various features for Large Language Model (LLM) fine-tuning on the Red Hat and IBM produced Granite model. A customized model using the RHEL AI workflow consisted of the following:
- Install and launch a RHEL 9.4 instance with the InstructLab tooling.
- Host information in a Git repository and interact with a Git-based taxonomy of the knowledge you want a model to learn.
- Run the end-to-end workflow of synthetic data generation (SDG), multi-phase training, and benchmark evaluation.
- Serve and chat with the newly fine-tuned LLM.
1.2. Features and Enhancements
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI version 1.4 includes various features for Large Language Model (LLM) fine-tuning.
1.2.1. Installing
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI is installable as a bootable image. This image contains various tooling for interacting with RHEL AI. The image includes: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4, Python version 3.11 and InstructLab tools for model fine-tuning. For more information about installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI, see Installation overview and the "Installation feature tracker"
1.2.2. Building your RHEL AI environment
After installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI, you can set up your RHEL AI environment with the InstructLab tools.
1.2.2.1. Initializing InstructLab
You can initialize and set up your RHEL AI environment by running the ilab config init command. This command creates the necessary configurations for interacting with RHEL AI and fine-tuning models. It also creates proper directories for your data files. For more information about initializing InstructLab, see the Initialize InstructLab documentation.
1.2.2.2. Downloading Large Language Models
You can download various Large Language Models (LLMs) provided by Red Hat to your RHEL AI machine or instance. You can download these models from a Red Hat registry after creating and logging in to your Red Hat registry account. For more information about the supported RHEL AI LLMs, see the Downloading models documentation and the "Large Language Models (LLMs) technology preview status".
1.2.2.2.1. Uploading models to an S3 bucket
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI version 1.4 now allows you to upload models and checkpoints to an AWS S3 bucket. For more information on model uploading, see the Uploading your models to a registry
1.2.2.3. Serving and chatting with models
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI version 1.4 allows you to run a vLLM inference server on various LLMs. The vLLM tool is a memory-efficient inference and serving engine library for LLMs that is included in the RHEL AI image. For more information about serving and chatting with models, see Serving and chatting with the models documentation.
1.2.3. Creating skills and knowledge YAML files
On Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI, you can customize your taxonomy tree using custom YAML files so a model can learn domain-specific information. You host your knowledge data in a Git repository and fine-tune a model with that data. For detailed documentation on how to create a knowledge markdown and YAML file, see Customizing your taxonomy tree.
1.2.4. Generating a custom LLM using RHEL AI
You can use Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI to customize a granite starter LLM with your domain specific skills and knowledge. RHEL AI includes the LAB enhanced method of Synthetic Data Generation (SDG) and multi-phase training.
1.2.4.1. Synthetic Data Generation (SDG)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI includes the LAB enhanced method of synthetic data generation (SDG). You can use the qna.yaml files with your own knowledge data to create hundreds of artifical datasets in the SDG process. For more information about running the SDG process, see Generating a new dataset with Synthetic data generation (SDG).
1.2.4.1.1. Running Synthetic Data Generation (SDG) in the background
RHEL AI version 1.4 introduces process management for SDG. This allows you to run SDG in the background of the same terminal you are using. You can interact with and attach to these processes while its running.
1.2.4.2. Training a model with your data
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI includes the LAB enhanced method of multi-phase training: A fine-tuning strategy where datasets are trained and evaluated in multiple phases to create the best possible model. For more details on multi-phase training, see Training your data on the model.
1.2.4.3. Benchmark evaluation
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI includes the ability to run benchmark evaluations on the newly trained models. On your trained model, you can evaluate how well the model knows the knowledge or skills you added with the MMLU_BRANCH or MT_BENCH_BRANCH benchmark. For more details on benchmark evaluation, see Evaluating your new model.
1.3. Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI feature tracker
Some features in this release are currently in Technology Preview. These experimental features are not intended for production use. For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.
In the following tables, features are marked with the following statuses:
- Not Available
- Technology Preview
- General Availability
- Deprecated
- Removed
1.3.1. Installation feature tracker
| Feature | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Installing on bare metal | Generally available | Generally available | Generally available | Generally available |
| Installing on AWS | Generally available | Generally available | Generally available | Generally available |
| Installing on IBM Cloud | Generally available | Generally available | Generally available | Generally available |
| Installing on GCP | Not available | Technology preview | Generally available | Generally available |
| Installing on Azure | Not available | Generally available | Generally available | Generally available |
1.3.2. Platform support feature tracker
| Feature | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | Bare metal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generally available | Generally available | Generally available | Generally available | AWS | Generally available |
| Generally available | Generally available | Generally available | IBM Cloud | Not available | Generally available |
| Generally available | Generally available | Google Cloud Platform | Not available | Technology preview | Generally available |
| Generally available | Azure | Not available | Generally available | Generally available | Generally available |
| Feature | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bare metal | Generally available | Generally available | Generally available | Generally available |
| AWS | Generally available | Generally available | Generally available | Generally available |
| IBM Cloud | Generally available | Generally available | Generally available | Generally available |
| Google Cloud Platform (GCP) | Not available | Technology preview | Generally available | Generally available |
| Azure | Not available | Generally available | Generally available | Generally available |
| Feature | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AWS | Not available | Not available | Generally available | Generally available |
| Azure | Not available | Not available | Generally available | Generally available |
1.4. Large Language Models feature status
1.4.1. RHEL AI version 1.4 hardware vendor LLM support
| Feature | NVIDIA | AMD |
|---|---|---|
| Intel |
| Deprecated |
| Deprecated | Technology preview |
|
| Deprecated | Deprecated | Technology preview |
|
| Generally available | Technology preview |
| Not available |
| Generally available |
| Technology preview | Not available |
|
| Generally available | Technology preview | Not available |
|
| Generally available | Technology preview |
| Not available |
| Technology preview |
| Technology preview | Technology preview |
|
| Technology preview | Technology preview | Technology preview |
|
| Generally available | Technology preview |
| Not available |
| Generally available |
1.5. Known Issues
AMD-smi is not usable upon installation
After installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI using the ISO image or upgrading to a system using the bootc-amd-rhel9 container, the amd-smi tool does not work by default. To enable amd-smi, add the proper ROCm version to your user PATH variable with the following command:
$ export PATH="$PATH:/opt/rocm-6.1.2/bin"
Incorrect auto-detection on some NVIDIA A100 systems
RHEL AI sometimes auto-detects the incorrect system profile on machines with A100 accelerators.
You can select the correct profile by re-initializing and passing the correct system profile.
$ ilab config init --profile <path-to-system-profile>
Upgrading to a z-stream on AMD Bare metal and NVIDIA AWS systems
On RHEL AI, there is an issue in the upgrade process if you are upgrading to a AMD bare metal or NVIDIA AWS system. To successfully update to a RHEL AI z-stream on these systems, run the following command.
Bare metal with AMD accelerators
$ sudo bootc switch registry.redhat.io/rhelai1/bootc-amd-rhel9:1.3
AWS with NVIDIA accelerators
$ sudo bootc switch registry.redhat.io/rhelai1/bootc-nvidia-rhel9:1.3
Fabric manager does not always starts with NVIDIA accelerators
After installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI on NVIDIA systems, you may see the following error when serving or training a model.
INFO 2024-11-26 22:18:04,244 instructlab.model.serve_backend:56: Using model '/var/home/cloud-user/.local/share/instructlab/phased/phase2/checkpoints/hf_format/samples_29117' with -1 gpu-lay
ers and 4096 max context size.
INFO 2024-11-26 22:18:04,244 instructlab.model.serve_backend:88: '--gpus' flag used alongside '--tensor-parallel-size' in the vllm_args section of the config file. Using value of the --gpus
File "/opt/app-root/lib64/python3.11/site-packages/vllm/entrypoints/openai/api_server.py", line 105, in build_async_engine_client
async with build_async_engine_client_from_engine_args(
File "/usr/lib64/python3.11/contextlib.py", line 210, in __aenter__
return await anext(self.gen)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/opt/app-root/lib64/python3.11/site-packages/vllm/entrypoints/openai/api_server.py", line 192, in build_async_engine_client_from_engine_args
raise RuntimeError(
RuntimeError: Engine process failed to startTo resolve this issue, you need the run the following commands:
$ sudo systemctl stop nvidia-persistenced.service $ sudo systemctl start nvidia-fabricmanager.service $ sudo systemctl start nvidia-persistenced.service
UI AMD technology preview installations
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI version 1.4 currently does not support graphical based installation with the technology previewed AMD ISOs. Ensure that the text parameter in your kickstart file is configured for non-interactive installs. You can also pass inst.text in your shell during interactive installation to avoid an install time crash.
SDG can fail on 4xL40s
For SDG to run on 4xL40s, you need to run SDG with the --num-cpus flag and set to the value of 4.
$ ilab data generate --num-cpus 4
MMLU and MMLU_BRANCH on the granite-8b-starter-v1 model
When evaluating a model built from the granite-8b-starter-v1 LLM, there might an error where vLLM does not start when running the MMLU and MMLU_BRANCH benchmarks.
If vLLM does not start, add the following parameter to the serve section of your config.yaml file:
serve:
vllm:
vllm_args: [--dtype bfloat16]Kdump over nfs
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI version 1.4 does not support kdump over nfs without configuration. To use this feature, run the following commands:
mkdir -p /var/lib/kdump/dracut.conf.d echo "dracutmodules=''" > /var/lib/kdump/dracut.conf.d/99-kdump.conf echo "omit_dracutmodules=''" >> /var/lib/kdump/dracut.conf.d/99-kdump.conf echo "dracut_args --confdir /var/lib/kdump/dracut.conf.d --install /usr/lib/passwd --install /usr/lib/group" >> /etc/kdump.conf systemctl restart kdump
1.6. Asynchronous z-stream updates
Security, bug fix, and enhancement updates for RHEL AI 1.4 are released as asynchronous z-stream updates.
This section will continue to be updated over time to provide notes on enhancements and bug fixes for future asynchronous z-stream releases of RHEL AI 1.4. Versioned asynchronous releases, for example with the form RHEL AI 1.4.z, will be detailed in subsections.
