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CLI tools

OpenShift Container Platform 4.5

Learning how to use the command-line tools for OpenShift Container Platform

Red Hat OpenShift Documentation Team

摘要

This document provides information about installing, configuring, and using the command-line tools for OpenShift Container Platform. It also contains a reference of CLI commands and examples of how to use them.

第 1 章 OpenShift CLI (oc)
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1.1. Getting started with the CLI
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1.1.1. About the CLI
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With the OpenShift Container Platform command-line interface (CLI), you can create applications and manage OpenShift Container Platform projects from a terminal. The CLI is ideal in situations where you:

  • work directly with project source code.
  • script OpenShift Container Platform operations.
  • are restricted by bandwidth resources and can not use the web console.

1.1.2. Installing the CLI
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You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) either by downloading the binary or by using an RPM.

1.1.2.1. Installing the CLI by downloading the binary
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You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) in order to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

重要

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.5. Download and install the new version of oc.

1.1.2.1.1. Installing the CLI on Linux
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You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the Infrastructure Provider page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site.
  2. Select your infrastructure provider, and, if applicable, your installation type.
  3. In the Command line interface section, select Linux from the drop-down menu and click Download command-line tools.

  4. Unpack the archive: 

    $ tar xvzf <file>
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  5. Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
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After you install the CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
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1.1.2.1.2. Installing the CLI on Windows
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You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the Infrastructure Provider page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site.
  2. Select your infrastructure provider, and, if applicable, your installation type.
  3. In the Command line interface section, select Windows from the drop-down menu and click Download command-line tools.
  4. Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command: 

    C:\> path
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After you install the CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

C:\> oc <command>
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1.1.2.1.3. Installing the CLI on macOS
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You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to the Infrastructure Provider page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site.
  2. Select your infrastructure provider, and, if applicable, your installation type.
  3. In the Command line interface section, select MacOS from the drop-down menu and click Download command-line tools.
  4. Unpack and unzip the archive.

  5. Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.

    To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command: 

    $ echo $PATH
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After you install the CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
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1.1.2.2. Installing the CLI by using an RPM
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For Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), you can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) as an RPM if you have an active OpenShift Container Platform subscription on your Red Hat account.

Prerequisites

  • Must have root or sudo privileges.

Procedure

  1. Register with Red Hat Subscription Manager: 

    # subscription-manager register
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  2. Pull the latest subscription data: 

    # subscription-manager refresh
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  3. List the available subscriptions: 

    # subscription-manager list --available --matches '*OpenShift*'
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  4. In the output for the previous command, find the pool ID for an OpenShift Container Platform subscription and attach the subscription to the registered system: 

    # subscription-manager attach --pool=<pool_id>
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  5. Enable the repositories required by OpenShift Container Platform 4.5.

    • For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8: 

      # subscription-manager repos --enable="rhocp-4.5-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms"
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    • For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7: 

      # subscription-manager repos --enable="rhel-7-server-ose-4.5-rpms"
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  6. Install the openshift-clients package: 

    # yum install openshift-clients
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After you install the CLI, it is available using the oc command: 

$ oc <command>
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1.1.3. Logging in to the CLI
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You can log in to the oc CLI to access and manage your cluster.

Prerequisites

  • You must have access to an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
  • You must have installed the CLI.
注意

To access a cluster that is accessible only over an HTTP proxy server, you can set the HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY and NO_PROXY variables. These environment variables are respected by the oc CLI so that all communication with the cluster goes through the HTTP proxy.

Procedure

  • Log in to the CLI using the oc login command and enter the required information when prompted. 

    $ oc login
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    Example output

    Server [https://localhost:8443]: https://openshift.example.com:6443
    1 
    
The server uses a certificate signed by an unknown authority.
You can bypass the certificate check, but any data you send to the server could be intercepted by others.
Use insecure connections? (y/n): y
    2 
    

Authentication required for https://openshift.example.com:6443 (openshift)
Username: user1
    3 
    
Password:
    4 
    
Login successful.

You don't have any projects. You can try to create a new project, by running

    oc new-project <projectname>

Welcome! See 'oc help' to get started.
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    1
    Enter the OpenShift Container Platform server URL.
    2
    Enter whether to use insecure connections.
    3
    Enter the user name to log in as.
    4
    Enter the user’s password.

You can now create a project or issue other commands for managing your cluster.

1.1.4. Using the CLI
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Review the following sections to learn how to complete common tasks using the CLI.

1.1.4.1. Creating a project
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Use the oc new-project command to create a new project. 

$ oc new-project my-project
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Example output

Now using project "my-project" on server "https://openshift.example.com:6443".
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1.1.4.2. Creating a new app
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Use the oc new-app command to create a new application. 

$ oc new-app https://github.com/sclorg/cakephp-ex
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Example output

--> Found image 40de956 (9 days old) in imagestream "openshift/php" under tag "7.2" for "php"

...

    Run 'oc status' to view your app.
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1.1.4.3. Viewing pods
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Use the oc get pods command to view the pods for the current project. 

$ oc get pods -o wide
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Example output

NAME                  READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE     IP            NODE                           NOMINATED NODE
cakephp-ex-1-build    0/1     Completed   0          5m45s   10.131.0.10   ip-10-0-141-74.ec2.internal    <none>
cakephp-ex-1-deploy   0/1     Completed   0          3m44s   10.129.2.9    ip-10-0-147-65.ec2.internal    <none>
cakephp-ex-1-ktz97    1/1     Running     0          3m33s   10.128.2.11   ip-10-0-168-105.ec2.internal   <none>
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1.1.4.4. Viewing pod logs
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Use the oc logs command to view logs for a particular pod. 

$ oc logs cakephp-ex-1-deploy
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Example output

--> Scaling cakephp-ex-1 to 1
--> Success
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1.1.4.5. Viewing the current project
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Use the oc project command to view the current project. 

$ oc project
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Example output

Using project "my-project" on server "https://openshift.example.com:6443".
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1.1.4.6. Viewing the status for the current project
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Use the oc status command to view information about the current project, such as services, deployments, and build configs. 

$ oc status
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Example output

In project my-project on server https://openshift.example.com:6443

svc/cakephp-ex - 172.30.236.80 ports 8080, 8443
  dc/cakephp-ex deploys istag/cakephp-ex:latest <-
    bc/cakephp-ex source builds https://github.com/sclorg/cakephp-ex on openshift/php:7.2
    deployment #1 deployed 2 minutes ago - 1 pod

3 infos identified, use 'oc status --suggest' to see details.
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1.1.4.7. Listing supported API resources
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Use the oc api-resources command to view the list of supported API resources on the server. 

$ oc api-resources
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Example output

NAME                                  SHORTNAMES       APIGROUP                              NAMESPACED   KIND
bindings                                                                                     true         Binding
componentstatuses                     cs                                                     false        ComponentStatus
configmaps                            cm                                                     true         ConfigMap
...
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1.1.5. Getting help
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You can get help with CLI commands and OpenShift Container Platform resources in the following ways.

  • Use oc help to get a list and description of all available CLI commands:

    Example: Get general help for the CLI

    $ oc help
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    Example output

    OpenShift Client

This client helps you develop, build, deploy, and run your applications on any OpenShift or Kubernetes compatible
platform. It also includes the administrative commands for managing a cluster under the 'adm' subcommand.

Usage:
  oc [flags]

Basic Commands:
  login           Log in to a server
  new-project     Request a new project
  new-app         Create a new application

...
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  • Use the --help flag to get help about a specific CLI command:

    Example: Get help for the oc create command

    $ oc create --help
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    Example output

    Create a resource by filename or stdin

JSON and YAML formats are accepted.

Usage:
  oc create -f FILENAME [flags]

...
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  • Use the oc explain command to view the description and fields for a particular resource:

    Example: View documentation for the Pod resource

    $ oc explain pods
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    Example output

    KIND:     Pod
VERSION:  v1

DESCRIPTION:
     Pod is a collection of containers that can run on a host. This resource is
     created by clients and scheduled onto hosts.

FIELDS:
   apiVersion	<string>
     APIVersion defines the versioned schema of this representation of an
     object. Servers should convert recognized schemas to the latest internal
     value, and may reject unrecognized values. More info:
     https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/api-conventions.md#resources

...
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1.1.6. Logging out of the CLI
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You can log out the CLI to end your current session.

  • Use the oc logout command. 

    $ oc logout
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    Example output

    Logged "user1" out on "https://openshift.example.com"
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This deletes the saved authentication token from the server and removes it from your configuration file.

1.2. Configuring the CLI
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1.2.1. Enabling tab completion
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After you install the oc CLI tool, you can enable tab completion to automatically complete oc commands or suggest options when you press Tab.

Prerequisites

  • You must have the oc CLI tool installed.
  • You must have the package bash-completion installed.

Procedure

The following procedure enables tab completion for Bash.

  1. Save the Bash completion code to a file. 

    $ oc completion bash > oc_bash_completion
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  2. Copy the file to /etc/bash_completion.d/. 

    $ sudo cp oc_bash_completion /etc/bash_completion.d/
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    You can also save the file to a local directory and source it from your .bashrc file instead.

Tab completion is enabled when you open a new terminal.

1.3. Extending the CLI with plug-ins
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You can write and install plug-ins to build on the default oc commands, allowing you to perform new and more complex tasks with the OpenShift Container Platform CLI.

1.3.1. Writing CLI plug-ins
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You can write a plug-in for the OpenShift Container Platform CLI in any programming language or script that allows you to write command-line commands. Note that you can not use a plug-in to overwrite an existing oc command.

重要

OpenShift CLI plug-ins are currently a Technology Preview feature. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs), might not be functionally complete, and Red Hat does not recommend to use them for production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

See the Red Hat Technology Preview features support scope for more information.

Procedure

This procedure creates a simple Bash plug-in that prints a message to the terminal when the oc foo command is issued.

  1. Create a file called oc-foo.

    When naming your plug-in file, keep the following in mind:

    • The file must begin with oc- or kubectl- in order to be recognized as a plug-in.
    • The file name determines the command that invokes the plug-in. For example, a plug-in with the file name oc-foo-bar can be invoked by a command of oc foo bar. You can also use underscores if you want the command to contain dashes. For example, a plug-in with the file name oc-foo_bar can be invoked by a command of oc foo-bar.

  2. Add the following contents to the file. 

    #!/bin/bash

# optional argument handling
if [[ "$1" == "version" ]]
then
    echo "1.0.0"
    exit 0
fi

# optional argument handling
if [[ "$1" == "config" ]]
then
    echo $KUBECONFIG
    exit 0
fi

echo "I am a plugin named kubectl-foo"
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After you install this plug-in for the OpenShift Container Platform CLI, it can be invoked using the oc foo command.

Additional resources

1.3.2. Installing and using CLI plug-ins
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After you write a custom plug-in for the OpenShift Container Platform CLI, you must install it to use the functionality that it provides.

重要

OpenShift CLI plug-ins are currently a Technology Preview feature. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs), might not be functionally complete, and Red Hat does not recommend to use them for production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

See the Red Hat Technology Preview features support scope for more information.

Prerequisites

  • You must have the oc CLI tool installed.
  • You must have a CLI plug-in file that begins with oc- or kubectl-.

Procedure

  1. If necessary, update the plug-in file to be executable. 

    $ chmod +x <plugin_file>
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  2. Place the file anywhere in your PATH, such as /usr/local/bin/. 

    $ sudo mv <plugin_file> /usr/local/bin/.
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  3. Run oc plugin list to make sure that the plug-in is listed. 

    $ oc plugin list
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    Example output

    The following compatible plugins are available:

/usr/local/bin/<plugin_file>
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    If your plug-in is not listed here, verify that the file begins with oc- or kubectl-, is executable, and is on your PATH.

  4. Invoke the new command or option introduced by the plug-in.

    For example, if you built and installed the kubectl-ns plug-in from the Sample plug-in repository, you can use the following command to view the current namespace. 

    $ oc ns
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    Note that the command to invoke the plug-in depends on the plug-in file name. For example, a plug-in with the file name of oc-foo-bar is invoked by the oc foo bar command.

1.4. Developer CLI commands
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1.4.1. Basic CLI commands
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1.4.1.1. explain
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Display documentation for a certain resource.

Example: Display documentation for pods

$ oc explain pods
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1.4.1.2. login
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Log in to the OpenShift Container Platform server and save login information for subsequent use.

Example: Interactive login

$ oc login
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Example: Log in specifying a user name

$ oc login -u user1
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1.4.1.3. new-app
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Create a new application by specifying source code, a template, or an image.

Example: Create a new application from a local Git repository

$ oc new-app .
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Example: Create a new application from a remote Git repository

$ oc new-app https://github.com/sclorg/cakephp-ex
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Example: Create a new application from a private remote repository

$ oc new-app https://github.com/youruser/yourprivaterepo --source-secret=yoursecret
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1.4.1.4. new-project
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Create a new project and switch to it as the default project in your configuration.

Example: Create a new project

$ oc new-project myproject
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1.4.1.5. project
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Switch to another project and make it the default in your configuration.

Example: Switch to a different project

$ oc project test-project
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1.4.1.6. projects
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Display information about the current active project and existing projects on the server.

Example: List all projects

$ oc projects
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1.4.1.7. status
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Show a high-level overview of the current project.

Example: Show the status of the current project

$ oc status
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1.4.2. Build and Deploy CLI commands
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1.4.2.1. cancel-build
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Cancel a running, pending, or new build.

Example: Cancel a build

$ oc cancel-build python-1
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Example: Cancel all pending builds from the python build config

$ oc cancel-build buildconfig/python --state=pending
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1.4.2.2. import-image
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Import the latest tag and image information from an image repository.

Example: Import the latest image information

$ oc import-image my-ruby
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1.4.2.3. new-build
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Create a new build config from source code.

Example: Create a build config from a local Git repository

$ oc new-build .
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Example: Create a build config from a remote Git repository

$ oc new-build https://github.com/sclorg/cakephp-ex
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1.4.2.4. rollback
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Revert an application back to a previous deployment.

Example: Roll back to the last successful deployment

$ oc rollback php
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Example: Roll back to a specific version

$ oc rollback php --to-version=3
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1.4.2.5. rollout
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Start a new rollout, view its status or history, or roll back to a previous revision of your application.

Example: Roll back to the last successful deployment

$ oc rollout undo deploymentconfig/php
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Example: Start a new rollout for a deployment with its latest state

$ oc rollout latest deploymentconfig/php
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1.4.2.6. start-build
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Start a build from a build config or copy an existing build.

Example: Start a build from the specified build config

$ oc start-build python
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Example: Start a build from a previous build

$ oc start-build --from-build=python-1
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Example: Set an environment variable to use for the current build

$ oc start-build python --env=mykey=myvalue
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1.4.2.7. tag
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Tag existing images into image streams.

Example: Configure the ruby image’s latest tag to refer to the image for the 2.0 tag

$ oc tag ruby:latest ruby:2.0
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1.4.3. Application management CLI commands
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1.4.3.1. annotate
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Update the annotations on one or more resources.

Example: Add an annotation to a route

$ oc annotate route/test-route haproxy.router.openshift.io/ip_whitelist="192.168.1.10"
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Example: Remove the annotation from the route

$ oc annotate route/test-route haproxy.router.openshift.io/ip_whitelist-
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1.4.3.2. apply
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Apply a configuration to a resource by file name or standard in (stdin) in JSON or YAML format.

Example: Apply the configuration in pod.json to a pod

$ oc apply -f pod.json
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1.4.3.3. autoscale
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Autoscale a deployment or replication controller.

Example: Autoscale to a minimum of two and maximum of five pods

$ oc autoscale deploymentconfig/parksmap-katacoda --min=2 --max=5
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1.4.3.4. create
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Create a resource by file name or standard in (stdin) in JSON or YAML format.

Example: Create a pod using the content in pod.json

$ oc create -f pod.json
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1.4.3.5. delete
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Delete a resource.

Example: Delete a pod named parksmap-katacoda-1-qfqz4

$ oc delete pod/parksmap-katacoda-1-qfqz4
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Example: Delete all pods with the app=parksmap-katacoda label

$ oc delete pods -l app=parksmap-katacoda
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1.4.3.6. describe
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Return detailed information about a specific object.

Example: Describe a deployment named example

$ oc describe deployment/example
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Example: Describe all pods

$ oc describe pods
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1.4.3.7. edit
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Edit a resource.

Example: Edit a deployment using the default editor

$ oc edit deploymentconfig/parksmap-katacoda
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Example: Edit a deployment using a different editor

$ OC_EDITOR="nano" oc edit deploymentconfig/parksmap-katacoda
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Example: Edit a deployment in JSON format

$ oc edit deploymentconfig/parksmap-katacoda -o json
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1.4.3.8. expose
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Expose a service externally as a route.

Example: Expose a service

$ oc expose service/parksmap-katacoda
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Example: Expose a service and specify the host name

$ oc expose service/parksmap-katacoda --hostname=www.my-host.com
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1.4.3.9. get
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Display one or more resources.

Example: List pods in the default namespace

$ oc get pods -n default
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Example: Get details about the python deployment in JSON format

$ oc get deploymentconfig/python -o json
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1.4.3.10. label
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Update the labels on one or more resources.

Example: Update the python-1-mz2rf pod with the label status set to unhealthy

$ oc label pod/python-1-mz2rf status=unhealthy
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1.4.3.11. scale
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Set the desired number of replicas for a replication controller or a deployment.

Example: Scale the ruby-app deployment to three pods

$ oc scale deploymentconfig/ruby-app --replicas=3
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1.4.3.12. secrets
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Manage secrets in your project.

Example: Allow my-pull-secret to be used as an image pull secret by the default service account

$ oc secrets link default my-pull-secret --for=pull
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1.4.3.13. serviceaccounts
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Get a token assigned to a service account or create a new token or kubeconfig file for a service account.

Example: Get the token assigned to the default service account

$ oc serviceaccounts get-token default
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1.4.3.14. set
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Configure existing application resources.

Example: Set the name of a secret on a build config

$ oc set build-secret --source buildconfig/mybc mysecret
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1.4.4. Troubleshooting and debugging CLI commands
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1.4.4.1. attach
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Attach the shell to a running container.

Example: Get output from the python container from pod python-1-mz2rf

$ oc attach python-1-mz2rf -c python
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1.4.4.2. cp
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Copy files and directories to and from containers.

Example: Copy a file from the python-1-mz2rf pod to the local file system

$ oc cp default/python-1-mz2rf:/opt/app-root/src/README.md ~/mydirectory/.
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1.4.4.3. debug
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Launch a command shell to debug a running application.

Example: Debug the python deployment

$ oc debug deploymentconfig/python
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1.4.4.4. exec
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Execute a command in a container.

Example: Execute the ls command in the python container from pod python-1-mz2rf

$ oc exec python-1-mz2rf -c python ls
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1.4.4.5. logs
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Retrieve the log output for a specific build, build config, deployment, or pod.

Example: Stream the latest logs from the python deployment

$ oc logs -f deploymentconfig/python
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1.4.4.6. port-forward
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Forward one or more local ports to a pod.

Example: Listen on port 8888 locally and forward to port 5000 in the pod

$ oc port-forward python-1-mz2rf 8888:5000
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1.4.4.7. proxy
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Run a proxy to the Kubernetes API server.

Example: Run a proxy to the API server on port 8011 serving static content from ./local/www/

$ oc proxy --port=8011 --www=./local/www/
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1.4.4.8. rsh
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Open a remote shell session to a container.

Example: Open a shell session on the first container in the python-1-mz2rf pod

$ oc rsh python-1-mz2rf
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1.4.4.9. rsync
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Copy contents of a directory to or from a running pod container. Only changed files are copied using the rsync command from your operating system.

Example: Synchronize files from a local directory with a pod directory

$ oc rsync ~/mydirectory/ python-1-mz2rf:/opt/app-root/src/
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1.4.4.10. run
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Create a pod running a particular image.

Example: Start a pod running the perl image

$ oc run my-test --image=perl
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1.4.4.11. wait
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Wait for a specific condition on one or more resources.

注意

This command is experimental and might change without notice.

Example: Wait for the python-1-mz2rf pod to be deleted

$ oc wait --for=delete pod/python-1-mz2rf
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1.4.5. Advanced developer CLI commands
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1.4.5.1. api-resources
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Display the full list of API resources that the server supports.

Example: List the supported API resources

$ oc api-resources
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1.4.5.2. api-versions
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Display the full list of API versions that the server supports.

Example: List the supported API versions

$ oc api-versions
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1.4.5.3. auth
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Inspect permissions and reconcile RBAC roles.

Example: Check whether the current user can read pod logs

$ oc auth can-i get pods --subresource=log
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Example: Reconcile RBAC roles and permissions from a file

$ oc auth reconcile -f policy.json
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1.4.5.4. cluster-info
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Display the address of the master and cluster services.

Example: Display cluster information

$ oc cluster-info
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1.4.5.5. convert
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Convert a YAML or JSON configuration file to a different API version and print to standard output (stdout).

Example: Convert pod.yaml to the latest version

$ oc convert -f pod.yaml
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1.4.5.6. extract
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Extract the contents of a config map or secret. Each key in the config map or secret is created as a separate file with the name of the key.

Example: Download the contents of the ruby-1-ca config map to the current directory

$ oc extract configmap/ruby-1-ca
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Example: Print the contents of the ruby-1-ca config map to stdout

$ oc extract configmap/ruby-1-ca --to=-
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1.4.5.7. idle
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Idle scalable resources. An idled service will automatically become unidled when it receives traffic or it can be manually unidled using the oc scale command.

Example: Idle the ruby-app service

$ oc idle ruby-app
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1.4.5.8. image
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Manage images in your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Example: Copy an image to another tag

$ oc image mirror myregistry.com/myimage:latest myregistry.com/myimage:stable
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1.4.5.9. observe
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Observe changes to resources and take action on them.

Example: Observe changes to services

$ oc observe services
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1.4.5.10. patch
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Updates one or more fields of an object using strategic merge patch in JSON or YAML format.

Example: Update the spec.unschedulable field for node node1 to true

$ oc patch node/node1 -p '{"spec":{"unschedulable":true}}'
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注意

If you must patch a custom resource definition, you must include the --type merge option in the command.

1.4.5.11. policy
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Manage authorization policies.

Example: Add the edit role to user1 for the current project

$ oc policy add-role-to-user edit user1
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1.4.5.12. process
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Process a template into a list of resources.

Example: Convert template.json to a resource list and pass to oc create

$ oc process -f template.json | oc create -f -
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1.4.5.13. registry
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Manage the integrated registry on OpenShift Container Platform.

Example: Display information about the integrated registry

$ oc registry info
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1.4.5.14. replace
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Modify an existing object based on the contents of the specified configuration file.

Example: Update a pod using the content in pod.json

$ oc replace -f pod.json
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1.4.6. Settings CLI commands
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1.4.6.1. completion
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Output shell completion code for the specified shell.

Example: Display completion code for Bash

$ oc completion bash
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1.4.6.2. config
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Manage the client configuration files.

Example: Display the current configuration

$ oc config view
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Example: Switch to a different context

$ oc config use-context test-context
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1.4.6.3. logout
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Log out of the current session.

Example: End the current session

$ oc logout
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1.4.6.4. whoami
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Display information about the current session.

Example: Display the currently authenticated user

$ oc whoami
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1.4.7. Other developer CLI commands
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1.4.7.1. help
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Display general help information for the CLI and a list of available commands.

Example: Display available commands

$ oc help
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Example: Display the help for the new-project command

$ oc help new-project
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1.4.7.2. plugin
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List the available plug-ins on the user’s PATH.

Example: List available plug-ins

$ oc plugin list
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1.4.7.3. version
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Display the oc client and server versions.

Example: Display version information

$ oc version
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For cluster administrators, the OpenShift Container Platform server version is also displayed.

1.5. Administrator CLI commands
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1.5.1. Cluster management CLI commands
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1.5.1.1. inspect
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Gather debugging information for a particular resource.

注意

This command is experimental and might change without notice.

Example: Collect debugging data for the OpenShift API server cluster Operator

$ oc adm inspect clusteroperator/openshift-apiserver
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1.5.1.2. must-gather
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Bulk collect data about the current state of your cluster to debug issues.

注意

This command is experimental and might change without notice.

Example: Gather debugging information

$ oc adm must-gather
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1.5.1.3. top
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Show usage statistics of resources on the server.

Example: Show CPU and memory usage for pods

$ oc adm top pods
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Example: Show usage statistics for images

$ oc adm top images
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1.5.2. Node management CLI commands
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1.5.2.1. cordon
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Mark a node as unschedulable. Manually marking a node as unschedulable blocks any new pods from being scheduled on the node, but does not affect existing pods on the node.

Example: Mark node1 as unschedulable

$ oc adm cordon node1
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1.5.2.2. drain
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Drain a node in preparation for maintenance.

Example: Drain node1

$ oc adm drain node1
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1.5.2.3. node-logs
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Display and filter node logs.

Example: Get logs for NetworkManager

$ oc adm node-logs --role master -u NetworkManager.service
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1.5.2.4. taint
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Update the taints on one or more nodes.

Example: Add a taint to dedicate a node for a set of users

$ oc adm taint nodes node1 dedicated=groupName:NoSchedule
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Example: Remove the taints with key dedicated from node node1

$ oc adm taint nodes node1 dedicated-
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1.5.2.5. uncordon
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Mark a node as schedulable.

Example: Mark node1 as schedulable

$ oc adm uncordon node1
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1.5.3. Security and policy CLI commands
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1.5.3.1. certificate
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Approve or reject certificate signing requests (CSRs).

Example: Approve a CSR

$ oc adm certificate approve csr-sqgzp
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1.5.3.2. groups
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Manage groups in your cluster.

Example: Create a new group

$ oc adm groups new my-group
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1.5.3.3. new-project
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Create a new project and specify administrative options.

Example: Create a new project using a node selector

$ oc adm new-project myproject --node-selector='type=user-node,region=east'
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1.5.3.4. pod-network
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Manage pod networks in the cluster.

Example: Isolate project1 and project2 from other non-global projects

$ oc adm pod-network isolate-projects project1 project2
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1.5.3.5. policy
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Manage roles and policies on the cluster.

Example: Add the edit role to user1 for all projects

$ oc adm policy add-cluster-role-to-user edit user1
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Example: Add the privileged security context constraint to a service account

$ oc adm policy add-scc-to-user privileged -z myserviceaccount
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1.5.4. Maintenance CLI commands
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1.5.4.1. migrate
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Migrate resources on the cluster to a new version or format depending on the subcommand used.

Example: Perform an update of all stored objects

$ oc adm migrate storage
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Example: Perform an update of only pods

$ oc adm migrate storage --include=pods
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1.5.4.2. prune
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Remove older versions of resources from the server.

Example: Prune older builds including those whose build configs no longer exist

$ oc adm prune builds --orphans
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1.5.5. Configuration CLI commands
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1.5.5.1. create-bootstrap-project-template
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Create a bootstrap project template.

Example: Output a bootstrap project template in YAML format to stdout

$ oc adm create-bootstrap-project-template -o yaml
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1.5.5.2. create-error-template
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Create a template for customizing the error page.

Example: Output a template for the error page to stdout

$ oc adm create-error-template
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1.5.5.3. create-kubeconfig
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Creates a basic .kubeconfig file from client certificates.

Example: Create a .kubeconfig file with the provided client certificates

$ oc adm create-kubeconfig \
  --client-certificate=/path/to/client.crt \
  --client-key=/path/to/client.key \
  --certificate-authority=/path/to/ca.crt
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1.5.5.4. create-login-template
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Create a template for customizing the login page.

Example: Output a template for the login page to stdout

$ oc adm create-login-template
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1.5.5.5. create-provider-selection-template
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Create a template for customizing the provider selection page.

Example: Output a template for the provider selection page to stdout

$ oc adm create-provider-selection-template
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1.5.6. Other Administrator CLI commands
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1.5.6.1. build-chain
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Output the inputs and dependencies of any builds.

Example: Output dependencies for the perl imagestream

$ oc adm build-chain perl
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1.5.6.2. completion
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Output shell completion code for the oc adm commands for the specified shell.

Example: Display oc adm completion code for Bash

$ oc adm completion bash
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1.5.6.3. config
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Manage the client configuration files. This command has the same behavior as the oc config command.

Example: Display the current configuration

$ oc adm config view
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Example: Switch to a different context

$ oc adm config use-context test-context
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1.5.6.4. release
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Manage various aspects of the OpenShift Container Platform release process, such as viewing information about a release or inspecting the contents of a release.

Example: Generate a changelog between two releases and save to changelog.md

$ oc adm release info --changelog=/tmp/git \
    quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release:4.5.0-rc.7-x86_64 \
    quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release:4.5.4-x86_64 \
    > changelog.md
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1.5.6.5. verify-image-signature
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Verify the image signature of an image imported to the internal registry using the local public GPG key.

Example: Verify the nodejs image signature

$ oc adm verify-image-signature \
    sha256:2bba968aedb7dd2aafe5fa8c7453f5ac36a0b9639f1bf5b03f95de325238b288 \
    --expected-identity 172.30.1.1:5000/openshift/nodejs:latest \
    --public-key /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release \
    --save
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1.6. Usage of oc and kubectl commands
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Kubernetes' command line interface (CLI), kubectl, can be used to run commands against a Kubernetes cluster. Because OpenShift Container Platform is a certified Kubernetes distribution, you can use the supported kubectl binaries that ship with OpenShift Container Platform, or you can gain extended functionality by using the oc binary.

1.6.1. The oc binary
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The oc binary offers the same capabilities as the kubectl binary, but it extends to natively support additional OpenShift Container Platform features, including:

  • Full support for OpenShift Container Platform resources

    Resources such as DeploymentConfig, BuildConfig, Route, ImageStream, and ImageStreamTag objects are specific to OpenShift Container Platform distributions, and build upon standard Kubernetes primitives.

  • Authentication

    The oc binary offers a built-in login command that allows authentication and enables you to work with OpenShift Container Platform projects, which map Kubernetes namespaces to authenticated users. See Understanding authentication for more information.

  • Additional commands

    The additional command oc new-app, for example, makes it easier to get new applications started using existing source code or pre-built images. Similarly, the additional command oc new-project makes it easier to start a project that you can switch to as your default.

1.6.2. The kubectl binary
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The kubectl binary is provided as a means to support existing workflows and scripts for new OpenShift Container Platform users coming from a standard Kubernetes environment, or for those who prefer to use the kubectl CLI. Existing users of kubectl can continue to use the binary to interact with Kubernetes primitives, with no changes required to the OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

You can install the supported kubectl binary by following the steps to Install the CLI. The kubectl binary is included in the archive if you download the binary, or is installed when you install the CLI by using an RPM.

For more information, see the kubectl documentation.

第 2 章 Developer CLI (odo)
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2.1. Understanding odo
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odo is a CLI tool for creating applications on OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes. With odo, you can write, build, and debug applications on a cluster without the need to administer the cluster itself. Creating deployment configurations, build configurations, service routes and other OpenShift Container Platform or Kubernetes elements are all automated by odo.

Existing tools such as oc are operations-focused and require a deep understanding of Kubernetes and OpenShift Container Platform concepts. odo abstracts away complex Kubernetes and OpenShift Container Platform concepts allowing developers to focus on what is most important to them: code.

2.1.1. Key features
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odo is designed to be simple and concise with the following key features:

  • Simple syntax and design centered around concepts familiar to developers, such as projects, applications, and components.
  • Completely client based. No additional server other than OpenShift Container Platform is required for deployment.
  • Official support for Node.js and Java components.
  • Partial compatibility with languages and frameworks such as Ruby, Perl, PHP, and Python.
  • Detects changes to local code and deploys it to the cluster automatically, giving instant feedback to validate changes in real time.
  • Lists all the available components and services from the cluster.

2.1.2. Core concepts
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Project
A project is your source code, tests, and libraries organized in a separate single unit.
Application
An application is a program designed for end users. An application consists of multiple microservices or components that work individually to build the entire application. Examples of applications: a video game, a media player, a web browser.
Component
A component is a set of Kubernetes resources which host code or data. Each component can be run and deployed separately. Examples of components: Node.js, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby.
Service
A service is software that your component links to or depends on. Examples of services: MariaDB, Jenkins, MySQL. In odo, services are provisioned from the OpenShift Service Catalog and must be enabled within your cluster.
Expand
表 2.1. Supported languages, container images, package managers, and platforms
LanguageContainer imagePackage managerPlatform

Node.js

rhscl/nodejs-10-rhel7

NPM

amd64, s390x, ppc64le

 

rhscl/nodejs-12-rhel7

NPM

amd64, s390x, ppc64le

Java

redhat-openjdk-18/openjdk18-openshift

Maven, Gradle

amd64, s390x, ppc64le

 

openjdk/openjdk-11-rhel8

Maven, Gradle

amd64, s390x, ppc64le

 

openjdk/openjdk-11-rhel7

Maven, Gradle

amd64, s390x, ppc64le

2.1.2.1.1. Listing available container images
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注意

The list of available container images is sourced from the cluster’s internal container registry and external registries associated with the cluster.

To list the available components and associated container images for your cluster:

  1. Log in to the cluster with odo: 

    $ odo login -u developer -p developer
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  2. List the available odo supported and unsupported components and corresponding container images: 

    $ odo catalog list components
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    Example output

    Odo Devfile Components:
NAME                 DESCRIPTION                            REGISTRY
java-maven           Upstream Maven and OpenJDK 11          DefaultDevfileRegistry
java-openliberty     Open Liberty microservice in Java      DefaultDevfileRegistry
java-quarkus         Upstream Quarkus with Java+GraalVM     DefaultDevfileRegistry
java-springboot      Spring Boot® using Java                DefaultDevfileRegistry
nodejs               Stack with NodeJS 12                   DefaultDevfileRegistry

Odo OpenShift Components:
NAME        PROJECT       TAGS                                                                           SUPPORTED
java        openshift     11,8,latest                                                                    YES
dotnet      openshift     2.1,3.1,latest                                                                 NO
golang      openshift     1.13.4-ubi7,1.13.4-ubi8,latest                                                 NO
httpd       openshift     2.4-el7,2.4-el8,latest                                                         NO
nginx       openshift     1.14-el7,1.14-el8,1.16-el7,1.16-el8,latest                                     NO
nodejs      openshift     10-ubi7,10-ubi8,12-ubi7,12-ubi8,latest                                         NO
perl        openshift     5.26-el7,5.26-ubi8,5.30-el7,latest                                             NO
php         openshift     7.2-ubi7,7.2-ubi8,7.3-ubi7,7.3-ubi8,latest                                     NO
python      openshift     2.7-ubi7,2.7-ubi8,3.6-ubi7,3.6-ubi8,3.8-ubi7,3.8-ubi8,latest                   NO
ruby        openshift     2.5-ubi7,2.5-ubi8,2.6-ubi7,2.6-ubi8,2.7-ubi7,latest                            NO
wildfly     openshift     10.0,10.1,11.0,12.0,13.0,14.0,15.0,16.0,17.0,18.0,19.0,20.0,8.1,9.0,latest     NO
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    The TAGS column represents the available image versions, for example, 10 represents the rhoar-nodejs/nodejs-10 container image.

2.2. odo architecture
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This section describes odo architecture and how odo manages resources on a cluster.

2.2.1. Developer setup
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With odo you can create and deploy application on OpenShift Container Platform clusters from a terminal. Code editor plug-ins use odo which allows users to interact with OpenShift Container Platform clusters from their IDE terminals. Examples of plug-ins that use odo: VS Code OpenShift Connector, OpenShift Connector for Intellij, Codewind for Eclipse Che.

odo works on Windows, macOS, and Linux operating systems and from any terminal. odo provides autocompletion for bash and zsh command line shells.

odo supports Node.js and Java components.

2.2.2. OpenShift source-to-image
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OpenShift Source-to-Image (S2I) is an open-source project which helps in building artifacts from source code and injecting these into container images. S2I produces ready-to-run images by building source code without the need of a Dockerfile. odo uses S2I builder image for executing developer source code inside a container.

2.2.3. OpenShift cluster objects
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2.2.3.1. Init Containers
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Init containers are specialized containers that run before the application container starts and configure the necessary environment for the application containers to run. Init containers can have files that application images do not have, for example setup scripts. Init containers always run to completion and the application container does not start if any of the init containers fails.

The pod created by odo executes two Init Containers:

  • The copy-supervisord Init container.
  • The copy-files-to-volume Init container.
2.2.3.1.1. copy-supervisord
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The copy-supervisord Init container copies necessary files onto an emptyDir volume. The main application container utilizes these files from the emptyDir volume.

Files that are copied onto the emptyDir volume:

  • Binaries:

    • go-init is a minimal init system. It runs as the first process (PID 1) inside the application container. go-init starts the SupervisorD daemon which runs the developer code. go-init is required to handle orphaned processes.
    • SupervisorD is a process control system. It watches over configured processes and ensures that they are running. It also restarts services when necessary. For odo, SupervisorD executes and monitors the developer code.

  • Configuration files:

    • supervisor.conf is the configuration file necessary for the SupervisorD daemon to start.

  • Scripts:

    • assemble-and-restart is an OpenShift S2I concept to build and deploy user-source code. The assemble-and-restart script first assembles the user source code inside the application container and then restarts SupervisorD for user changes to take effect.
    • Run is an OpenShift S2I concept of executing the assembled source code. The run script executes the assembled code created by the assemble-and-restart script.
    • s2i-setup is a script that creates files and directories which are necessary for the assemble-and-restart and run scripts to execute successfully. The script is executed whenever the application container starts.

  • Directories:

    • language-scripts: OpenShift S2I allows custom assemble and run scripts. A few language specific custom scripts are present in the language-scripts directory. The custom scripts provide additional configuration to make odo debug work.

The emptyDir volume is mounted at the /opt/odo mount point for both the Init container and the application container.

2.2.3.1.2. copy-files-to-volume
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The copy-files-to-volume Init container copies files that are in /opt/app-root in the S2I builder image onto the persistent volume. The volume is then mounted at the same location (/opt/app-root) in an application container.

Without the persistent volume on /opt/app-root the data in this directory is lost when the persistent volume claim is mounted at the same location.

The PVC is mounted at the /mnt mount point inside the Init container.

2.2.3.2. Application container
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Application container is the main container inside of which the user-source code executes.

Application container is mounted with two volumes:

  • emptyDir volume mounted at /opt/odo
  • The persistent volume mounted at /opt/app-root

go-init is executed as the first process inside the application container. The go-init process then starts the SupervisorD daemon.

SupervisorD executes and monitors the user assembled source code. If the user process crashes, SupervisorD restarts it.

2.2.3.3. Persistent volumes and persistent volume claims
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A persistent volume claim (PVC) is a volume type in Kubernetes which provisions a persistent volume. The life of a persistent volume is independent of a pod lifecycle. The data on the persistent volume persists across pod restarts.

The copy-files-to-volume Init container copies necessary files onto the persistent volume. The main application container utilizes these files at runtime for execution.

The naming convention of the persistent volume is <component_name>-s2idata.

Expand
ContainerPVC mounted at

copy-files-to-volume

/mnt

Application container

/opt/app-root

2.2.3.4. emptyDir volume
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An emptyDir volume is created when a pod is assigned to a node, and exists as long as that pod is running on the node. If the container is restarted or moved, the content of the emptyDir is removed, Init container restores the data back to the emptyDir. emptyDir is initially empty.

The copy-supervisord Init container copies necessary files onto the emptyDir volume. These files are then utilized by the main application container at runtime for execution.

Expand
ContaineremptyDir volume mounted at

copy-supervisord

/opt/odo

Application container

/opt/odo

2.2.3.5. Service
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A service is a Kubernetes concept of abstracting the way of communicating with a set of pods.

odo creates a service for every application pod to make it accessible for communication.

2.2.4. odo push workflow
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This section describes odo push workflow. odo push deploys user code on an OpenShift Container Platform cluster with all the necessary OpenShift Container Platform resources.

  1. Creating resources

    If not already created, odo push creates the following OpenShift Container Platform resources:

    • DeploymentConfig object:

      • Two init containers are executed: copy-supervisord and copy-files-to-volume. The init containers copy files onto the emptyDir and the PersistentVolume type of volumes respectively.
      • The application container starts. The first process in the application container is the go-init process with PID=1.

      • go-init process starts the SupervisorD daemon.

        注意

        The user application code has not been copied into the application container yet, so the SupervisorD daemon does not execute the run script.

    • Service object
    • Secret objects
    • PersistentVolumeClaim object

  2. Indexing files

    • A file indexer indexes the files in the source code directory. The indexer traverses through the source code directories recursively and finds files which have been created, deleted, or renamed.
    • A file indexer maintains the indexed information in an odo index file inside the .odo directory.
    • If the odo index file is not present, it means that the file indexer is being executed for the first time, and creates a new odo index JSON file. The odo index JSON file contains a file map - the relative file paths of the traversed files and the absolute paths of the changed and deleted files.

  3. Pushing code

    Local code is copied into the application container, usually under /tmp/src.

  4. Executing assemble-and-restart

    On a successful copy of the source code, the assemble-and-restart script is executed inside the running application container.

2.3. Installing odo
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The following section describes how to install odo on different platforms using the CLI.

注意

Currently, odo does not support installation in a restricted network environment.

You can also find the URL to the latest binaries from the OpenShift Container Platform web console by clicking the ? icon in the upper-right corner and selecting Command Line Tools

2.3.1. Installing odo on Linux
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2.3.1.1. Binary installation
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Procedure

  1. Obtain the binary: 

    # curl -L https://mirror.openshift.com/pub/openshift-v4/clients/odo/latest/odo-linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/odo
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Change the permissions on the file: 

    # chmod +x /usr/local/bin/odo
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
2.3.1.2. Tarball installation
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Procedure

  1. Obtain the tarball: 

    # sh -c 'curl -L https://mirror.openshift.com/pub/openshift-v4/clients/odo/latest/odo-linux-amd64.tar.gz | gzip -d > /usr/local/bin/odo'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Change the permissions on the file: 

    # chmod +x /usr/local/bin/odo
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

2.3.2. Installing odo on Linux on IBM Power
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2.3.2.1. Binary installation
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Procedure

  1. Obtain the binary: 

    # curl -L https://mirror.openshift.com/pub/openshift-v4/clients/odo/latest/odo-linux-ppc64le -o /usr/local/bin/odo
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Change the permissions on the file: 

    # chmod +x /usr/local/bin/odo
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
2.3.2.2. Tarball installation
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Procedure

  1. Obtain the tarball: 

    # sh -c 'curl -L https://mirror.openshift.com/pub/openshift-v4/clients/odo/latest/odo-linux-ppc64le.tar.gz | gzip -d > /usr/local/bin/odo'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Change the permissions on the file: 

    # chmod +x /usr/local/bin/odo
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

2.3.3. Installing odo on Linux on IBM Z and LinuxONE
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2.3.3.1. Binary installation
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Procedure

  1. Obtain the binary: 

    # curl -L https://mirror.openshift.com/pub/openshift-v4/clients/odo/latest/odo-linux-s390x -o /usr/local/bin/odo
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Change the permissions on the file: 

    # chmod +x /usr/local/bin/odo
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
2.3.3.2. Tarball installation
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Procedure

  1. Obtain the tarball: 

    # sh -c 'curl -L https://mirror.openshift.com/pub/openshift-v4/clients/odo/latest/odo-linux-s390x.tar.gz | gzip -d > /usr/local/bin/odo'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Change the permissions on the file: 

    # chmod +x /usr/local/bin/odo
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

2.3.4. Installing odo on Windows
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2.3.4.1. Binary installation
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  1. Download the latest odo.exe file.
  2. Add the location of your odo.exe to your GOPATH/bin directory.
Setting the PATH variable for Windows 7/8

The following example demonstrates how to set up a path variable. Your binaries can be located in any location, but this example uses C:\go-bin as the location.

  1. Create a folder at C:\go-bin.
  2. Right click Start and click Control Panel.
  3. Select System and Security and then click System.
  4. From the menu on the left, select the Advanced systems settings and click the Environment Variables button at the bottom.
  5. Select Path from the Variable section and click Edit.
  6. Click New and type C:\go-bin into the field or click Browse and select the directory, and click OK.
Setting the PATH variable for Windows 10

Edit Environment Variables using search:

  1. Click Search and type env or environment.
  2. Select Edit environment variables for your account.
  3. Select Path from the Variable section and click Edit.
  4. Click New and type C:\go-bin into the field or click Browse and select the directory, and click OK.

2.3.5. Installing odo on macOS
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2.3.5.1. Binary installation
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Procedure

  1. Obtain the binary: 

    # curl -L https://mirror.openshift.com/pub/openshift-v4/clients/odo/latest/odo-darwin-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/odo
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Change the permissions on the file: 

    # chmod +x /usr/local/bin/odo
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
2.3.5.2. Tarball installation
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Procedure

  1. Obtain the tarball: 

    # sh -c 'curl -L https://mirror.openshift.com/pub/openshift-v4/clients/odo/latest/odo-darwin-amd64.tar.gz | gzip -d > /usr/local/bin/odo'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Change the permissions on the file: 

    # chmod +x /usr/local/bin/odo
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

2.4. Using odo in a restricted environment
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2.4.1. About odo in a restricted environment
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To run odo in a disconnected cluster or a cluster provisioned in a restricted environment, you must ensure that a cluster administrator has created a cluster with a mirrored registry.

To start working in a disconnected cluster, you must first push the odo init image to the registry of the cluster and then overwrite the odo init image path using the ODO_BOOTSTRAPPER_IMAGE environment variable.

After you push the odo init image, you must mirror a supported builder image from the registry, overwrite a mirror registry and then create your application. A builder image is necessary to configure a runtime environment for your application and also contains the build tool needed to build your application, for example npm for Node.js or Maven for Java. A mirror registry contains all the necessary dependencies for your application.

Additional resources

Depending on the configuration of your cluster and your operating system you can either push the odo init image to a mirror registry or directly to an internal registry.

2.4.2.1. Prerequisites
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  • Install oc on the client operating system.
  • Install odo on the client operating system.
  • Access to a restricted cluster with a configured internal registry or a mirror registry.
2.4.2.2. Pushing the odo init image to a mirror registry
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Depending on your operating system, you can push the odo init image to a cluster with a mirror registry as follows:

Procedure

  1. Use base64 to encode the root certification authority (CA) content of your mirror registry: 

    $ echo <content_of_additional_ca> | base64 --decode > disconnect-ca.crt
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Copy the encoded root CA certificate to the appropriate location: 

    $ sudo cp ./disconnect-ca.crt /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/<mirror-registry>.crt
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Trust a CA in your client platform and log into the OpenShift Container Platform mirror registry: 

    $ sudo update-ca-trust enable && sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl restart / docker && docker login <mirror-registry>:5000 -u <username> -p <password>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Mirror the odo init image: 

    $ oc image mirror registry.access.redhat.com/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag> <mirror-registry>:5000/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Override the default odo init image path by setting the ODO_BOOTSTRAPPER_IMAGE environment variable: 

    $ export ODO_BOOTSTRAPPER_IMAGE=<mirror-registry>:5000/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Procedure

  1. Use base64 to encode the root certification authority (CA) content of your mirror registry: 

    $ echo <content_of_additional_ca> | base64 --decode > disconnect-ca.crt
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Copy the encoded root CA certificate to the appropriate location:

    1. Restart Docker using the Docker UI.

    2. Run the following command: 

      $ docker login <mirror-registry>:5000 -u <username> -p <password>
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Mirror the odo init image: 

    $ oc image mirror registry.access.redhat.com/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag> <mirror-registry>:5000/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Override the default odo init image path by setting the ODO_BOOTSTRAPPER_IMAGE environment variable: 

    $ export ODO_BOOTSTRAPPER_IMAGE=<mirror-registry>:5000/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Procedure

  1. Use base64 to encode the root certification authority (CA) content of your mirror registry: 

    PS C:\> echo <content_of_additional_ca> | base64 --decode > disconnect-ca.crt
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. As an administrator, copy the encoded root CA certificate to the appropriate location by executing the following command: 

    PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> certutil -addstore -f "ROOT" disconnect-ca.crt
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Trust a CA in your client platform and log into the OpenShift Container Platform mirror registry:

    1. Restart Docker using the Docker UI.

    2. Run the following command: 

      PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> docker login <mirror-registry>:5000 -u <username> -p <password>
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Mirror the odo init image: 

    PS C:\> oc image mirror registry.access.redhat.com/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag> <mirror-registry>:5000/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Override the default odo init image path by setting the ODO_BOOTSTRAPPER_IMAGE environment variable: 

    PS C:\> $env:ODO_BOOTSTRAPPER_IMAGE="<mirror-registry>:5000/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag>"
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

If your cluster allows images to be pushed to the internal registry directly, push the odo init image to the registry as follows:

2.4.2.3.1. Pushing the init image directly on Linux
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Procedure

  1. Enable the default route: 

    $ oc patch configs.imageregistry.operator.openshift.io cluster -p '{"spec":{"defaultRoute":true}}' --type='merge' -n openshift-image-registry
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Get a wildcard route CA: 

    $ oc get secret router-certs-default -n openshift-ingress -o yaml
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    apiVersion: v1
data:
  tls.crt: **************************
  tls.key: ##################
kind: Secret
metadata:
  [...]
type: kubernetes.io/tls
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Use base64 to encode the root certification authority (CA) content of your mirror registry: 

    $ echo <tls.crt> | base64 --decode > ca.crt
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Trust a CA in your client platform: 

    $ sudo cp ca.crt  /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/externalroute.crt && sudo update-ca-trust enable && sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl restart docker
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Log into the internal registry: 

    $ oc get route -n openshift-image-registry
NAME       HOST/PORT    PATH   SERVICES     PORT  TERMINATION   WILDCARD
default-route   <registry_path>          image-registry   <all>   reencrypt     None

$ docker login <registry_path> -u kubeadmin -p $(oc whoami -t)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  6. Push the odo init image: 

    $ docker pull registry.access.redhat.com/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag>

$ docker tag registry.access.redhat.com/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag> <registry_path>/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag>

$ docker push <registry_path>/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  7. Override the default odo init image path by setting the ODO_BOOTSTRAPPER_IMAGE environment variable: 

    $ export ODO_BOOTSTRAPPER_IMAGE=<registry_path>/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:1.0.1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
2.4.2.3.2. Pushing the init image directly on MacOS
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Procedure

  1. Enable the default route: 

    $ oc patch configs.imageregistry.operator.openshift.io cluster -p '{"spec":{"defaultRoute":true}}' --type='merge' -n openshift-image-registry
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Get a wildcard route CA: 

    $ oc get secret router-certs-default -n openshift-ingress -o yaml
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    apiVersion: v1
data:
  tls.crt: **************************
  tls.key: ##################
kind: Secret
metadata:
  [...]
type: kubernetes.io/tls
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Use base64 to encode the root certification authority (CA) content of your mirror registry: 

    $ echo <tls.crt> | base64 --decode > ca.crt
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Trust a CA in your client platform: 

    $ sudo security add-trusted-cert -d -r trustRoot -k /Library/Keychains/System.keychain ca.crt
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Log into the internal registry: 

    $ oc get route -n openshift-image-registry
NAME       HOST/PORT    PATH   SERVICES     PORT  TERMINATION   WILDCARD
default-route   <registry_path>          image-registry   <all>   reencrypt     None

$ docker login <registry_path> -u kubeadmin -p $(oc whoami -t)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  6. Push the odo init image: 

    $ docker pull registry.access.redhat.com/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag>

$ docker tag registry.access.redhat.com/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag> <registry_path>/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag>

$ docker push <registry_path>/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  7. Override the default odo init image path by setting the ODO_BOOTSTRAPPER_IMAGE environment variable: 

    $ export ODO_BOOTSTRAPPER_IMAGE=<registry_path>/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:1.0.1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
2.4.2.3.3. Pushing the init image directly on Windows
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Procedure

  1. Enable the default route: 

    PS C:\> oc patch configs.imageregistry.operator.openshift.io cluster -p '{"spec":{"defaultRoute":true}}' --type='merge' -n openshift-image-registry
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Get a wildcard route CA: 

    PS C:\> oc get secret router-certs-default -n openshift-ingress -o yaml
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    apiVersion: v1
data:
  tls.crt: **************************
  tls.key: ##################
kind: Secret
metadata:
  [...]
type: kubernetes.io/tls
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Use base64 to encode the root certification authority (CA) content of your mirror registry: 

    PS C:\> echo <tls.crt> | base64 --decode > ca.crt
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. As an administrator, trust a CA in your client platform by executing the following command: 

    PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> certutil -addstore -f "ROOT" ca.crt
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Log into the internal registry: 

    PS C:\> oc get route -n openshift-image-registry
NAME       HOST/PORT    PATH   SERVICES     PORT  TERMINATION   WILDCARD
default-route   <registry_path>          image-registry   <all>   reencrypt     None

PS C:\> docker login <registry_path> -u kubeadmin -p $(oc whoami -t)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  6. Push the odo init image: 

    PS C:\> docker pull registry.access.redhat.com/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag>

PS C:\> docker tag registry.access.redhat.com/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag> <registry_path>/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag>

PS C:\> docker push <registry_path>/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  7. Override the default odo init image path by setting the ODO_BOOTSTRAPPER_IMAGE environment variable: 

    PS C:\> $env:ODO_BOOTSTRAPPER_IMAGE="<registry_path>/openshiftdo/odo-init-image-rhel7:<tag>"
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

After you push the init image to a cluster with a mirrored registry, you must mirror a supported builder image for your application with the oc tool, overwrite the mirror registry using the environment variable, and then create your component.

2.4.3.1. Prerequisites
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2.4.3.2. Mirroring a supported builder image
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To use npm packages for Node.js dependencies and Maven packages for Java dependencies and configure a runtime environment for your application, you must mirror a respective builder image from the mirror registry.

Procedure

  1. Verify that the required images tag is not imported: 

    $ oc describe is nodejs -n openshift
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    Name:                   nodejs
Namespace:              openshift
[...]

10
  tagged from <mirror-registry>:<port>/rhoar-nodejs/nodejs-10
    prefer registry pullthrough when referencing this tag

  Build and run Node.js 10 applications on RHEL 7. For more information about using this builder image, including OpenShift considerations, see https://github.com/nodeshift/centos7-s2i-nodejs.
  Tags: builder, nodejs, hidden
  Example Repo: https://github.com/sclorg/nodejs-ex.git

  ! error: Import failed (NotFound): dockerimage.image.openshift.io "<mirror-registry>:<port>/rhoar-nodejs/nodejs-10:latest" not found
      About an hour ago

10-SCL (latest)
  tagged from <mirror-registry>:<port>/rhscl/nodejs-10-rhel7
    prefer registry pullthrough when referencing this tag

  Build and run Node.js 10 applications on RHEL 7. For more information about using this builder image, including OpenShift considerations, see https://github.com/nodeshift/centos7-s2i-nodejs.
  Tags: builder, nodejs
  Example Repo: https://github.com/sclorg/nodejs-ex.git

  ! error: Import failed (NotFound): dockerimage.image.openshift.io "<mirror-registry>:<port>/rhscl/nodejs-10-rhel7:latest" not found
      About an hour ago

[...]
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Mirror the supported image tag to the private registry: 

    $ oc image mirror registry.access.redhat.com/rhscl/nodejs-10-rhel7:<tag> <private_registry>/rhscl/nodejs-10-rhel7:<tag>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Import the image: 

    $ oc tag <mirror-registry>:<port>/rhscl/nodejs-10-rhel7:<tag> nodejs-10-rhel7:latest --scheduled
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    You must periodically re-import the image. The --scheduled flag enables automatic re-import of the image.

  4. Verify that the images with the given tag have been imported: 

    $ oc describe is nodejs -n openshift
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    Name:                   nodejs
[...]
10-SCL (latest)
  tagged from <mirror-registry>:<port>/rhscl/nodejs-10-rhel7
    prefer registry pullthrough when referencing this tag

  Build and run Node.js 10 applications on RHEL 7. For more information about using this builder image, including OpenShift considerations, see https://github.com/nodeshift/centos7-s2i-nodejs.
  Tags: builder, nodejs
  Example Repo: https://github.com/sclorg/nodejs-ex.git

  * <mirror-registry>:<port>/rhscl/nodejs-10-rhel7@sha256:d669ecbc11ac88293de50219dae8619832c6a0f5b04883b480e073590fab7c54
      3 minutes ago

[...]
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

2.4.3.3. Overwriting the mirror registry
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To download npm packages for Node.js dependencies and Maven packages for Java dependencies from a private mirror registry, you must create and configure a mirror npm or Maven registry on the cluster. You can then overwrite the mirror registry on an existing component or when you create a new component.

Procedure

  • To overwrite the mirror registry on an existing component: 

    $ odo config set --env NPM_MIRROR=<npm_mirror_registry>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  • To overwrite the mirror registry when creating a component: 

    $ odo component create nodejs --env NPM_MIRROR=<npm_mirror_registry>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
2.4.3.4. Creating a Node.js application with odo
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To create a Node.js component, download the Node.js application and push the source code to your cluster with odo.

Procedure

  1. Change the current directory to the directory with your application: 

    $ cd <directory_name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Add a component of the type Node.js to your application: 

    $ odo create nodejs
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    注意

    By default, the latest image is used. You can also explicitly specify an image version by using odo create openshift/nodejs:8.

  3. Push the initial source code to the component: 

    $ odo push
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Your component is now deployed to OpenShift Container Platform.

  4. Create a URL and add an entry in the local configuration file as follows: 

    $ odo url create --port 8080
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Push the changes. This creates a URL on the cluster. 

    $ odo push
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  6. List the URLs to check the desired URL for the component. 

    $ odo url list
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  7. View your deployed application using the generated URL. 

    $ curl <url>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

2.5. Creating a single-component application with odo
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With odo, you can create and deploy applications on clusters.

2.5.1. Prerequisites
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2.5.2. Creating a project
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Create a project to keep your source code, tests, and libraries organized in a separate single unit.

Procedure

  1. Log in to an OpenShift Container Platform cluster: 

    $ odo login -u developer -p developer
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Create a project: 

    $ odo project create myproject
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

     ✓  Project 'myproject' is ready for use
 ✓  New project created and now using project : myproject
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

2.5.3. Creating a Node.js application with odo
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To create a Node.js component, download the Node.js application and push the source code to your cluster with odo.

Procedure

  1. Create a directory for your components: 

    $ mkdir my_components && cd my_components
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Download the example Node.js application: 

    $ git clone https://github.com/openshift/nodejs-ex
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Change the current directory to the directory with your application: 

    $ cd <directory_name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Add a component of the type Node.js to your application: 

    $ odo create nodejs
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    注意

    By default, the latest image is used. You can also explicitly specify an image version by using odo create openshift/nodejs:8.

  5. Push the initial source code to the component: 

    $ odo push
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Your component is now deployed to OpenShift Container Platform.

  6. Create a URL and add an entry in the local configuration file as follows: 

    $ odo url create --port 8080
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  7. Push the changes. This creates a URL on the cluster. 

    $ odo push
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  8. List the URLs to check the desired URL for the component. 

    $ odo url list
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  9. View your deployed application using the generated URL. 

    $ curl <url>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

2.5.4. Modifying your application code
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You can modify your application code and have the changes applied to your application on OpenShift Container Platform.

  1. Edit one of the layout files within the Node.js directory with your preferred text editor.

  2. Update your component: 

    $ odo push
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
  3. Refresh your application in the browser to see the changes.

2.5.5. Adding storage to the application components
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Persistent storage keeps data available between restarts of odo. Use the odo storage command to add persistent data to your application. Examples of data that must persist include database files, dependencies, and build artifacts, such as a .m2 Maven directory.

Procedure

  1. Add the storage to your component: 

    $ odo storage create <storage_name> --path=<path_to_the_directory> --size=<size>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Push the storage to the cluster: 

    $ odo push
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  3. Verify that the storage is now attached to your component by listing all storage in the component: 

    $ odo storage list
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap 
    The component 'nodejs' has the following storage attached:
NAME           SIZE     PATH      STATE
mystorage      1Gi      /data     Pushed
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Delete the storage from your component: 

    $ odo storage delete <storage_name>
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  5. List all storage to verify that the storage state is Locally Deleted: 

    $ odo storage list
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    The component 'nodejs' has the following storage attached:
NAME           SIZE     PATH      STATE
mystorage      1Gi      /data     Locally Deleted
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  6. Push the changes to the cluster: 

    $ odo push
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2.5.6. Adding a custom builder to specify a build image
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With OpenShift Container Platform, you can add a custom image to bridge the gap between the creation of custom images.

The following example demonstrates the successful import and use of the redhat-openjdk-18 image:

Prerequisites

  • The OpenShift CLI (oc) is installed.

Procedure

  1. Import the image into OpenShift Container Platform: 

    $ oc import-image openjdk18 \
--from=registry.access.redhat.com/redhat-openjdk-18/openjdk18-openshift \
--confirm
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  2. Tag the image to make it accessible to odo: 

    $ oc annotate istag/openjdk18:latest tags=builder
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Deploy the image with odo: 

    $ odo create openjdk18 --git \
https://github.com/openshift-evangelists/Wild-West-Backend
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The OpenShift service catalog is an implementation of the Open Service Broker API (OSB API) for Kubernetes. You can use it to connect applications deployed in OpenShift Container Platform to a variety of services.

Prerequisites

  • You have a running OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
  • The service catalog is installed and enabled on your cluster.

Procedure

  • To list the services: 

    $ odo catalog list services
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  • To use service catalog-related operations: 

    $ odo service <verb> <service_name>
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2.5.8. Deleting an application
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重要

Deleting an application will delete all components associated with the application.

Procedure

  1. List the applications in the current project: 

    $ odo app list
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

        The project '<project_name>' has the following applications:
    NAME
    app
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. List the components associated with the applications. These components will be deleted with the application: 

    $ odo component list
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

        APP     NAME                      TYPE       SOURCE        STATE
    app     nodejs-nodejs-ex-elyf     nodejs     file://./     Pushed
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Delete the application: 

    $ odo app delete <application_name>
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    Example output

        ? Are you sure you want to delete the application: <application_name> from project: <project_name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Confirm the deletion with Y. You can suppress the confirmation prompt using the -f flag.

2.6. Creating a multicomponent application with odo
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odo allows you to create a multicomponent application, modify it, and link its components in an easy and automated way.

This example describes how to deploy a multicomponent application - a shooter game. The application consists of a front-end Node.js component and a back-end Java component.

2.6.1. Prerequisites
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  • odo is installed.
  • You have a running cluster. Developers can use CodeReady Containers (CRC) to deploy a local cluster quickly.
  • Maven is installed.

2.6.2. Creating a project
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Create a project to keep your source code, tests, and libraries organized in a separate single unit.

Procedure

  1. Log in to an OpenShift Container Platform cluster: 

    $ odo login -u developer -p developer
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  2. Create a project: 

    $ odo project create myproject
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    Example output

     ✓  Project 'myproject' is ready for use
 ✓  New project created and now using project : myproject
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

2.6.3. Deploying the back-end component
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To create a Java component, import the Java builder image, download the Java application and push the source code to your cluster with odo.

Procedure

  1. Import openjdk18 into the cluster: 

    $ oc import-image openjdk18 \
--from=registry.access.redhat.com/redhat-openjdk-18/openjdk18-openshift --confirm
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Tag the image as builder to make it accessible for odo: 

    $ oc annotate istag/openjdk18:latest tags=builder
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Run odo catalog list components to see the created image: 

    $ odo catalog list components
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    Odo Devfile Components:
NAME                 DESCRIPTION                            REGISTRY
java-maven           Upstream Maven and OpenJDK 11          DefaultDevfileRegistry
java-openliberty     Open Liberty microservice in Java      DefaultDevfileRegistry
java-quarkus         Upstream Quarkus with Java+GraalVM     DefaultDevfileRegistry
java-springboot      Spring Boot® using Java                DefaultDevfileRegistry
nodejs               Stack with NodeJS 12                   DefaultDevfileRegistry

Odo OpenShift Components:
NAME        PROJECT       TAGS                                                                           SUPPORTED
java        openshift     11,8,latest                                                                    YES
dotnet      openshift     2.1,3.1,latest                                                                 NO
golang      openshift     1.13.4-ubi7,1.13.4-ubi8,latest                                                 NO
httpd       openshift     2.4-el7,2.4-el8,latest                                                         NO
nginx       openshift     1.14-el7,1.14-el8,1.16-el7,1.16-el8,latest                                     NO
nodejs      openshift     10-ubi7,10-ubi8,12-ubi7,12-ubi8,latest                                         NO
perl        openshift     5.26-el7,5.26-ubi8,5.30-el7,latest                                             NO
php         openshift     7.2-ubi7,7.2-ubi8,7.3-ubi7,7.3-ubi8,latest                                     NO
python      openshift     2.7-ubi7,2.7-ubi8,3.6-ubi7,3.6-ubi8,3.8-ubi7,3.8-ubi8,latest                   NO
ruby        openshift     2.5-ubi7,2.5-ubi8,2.6-ubi7,2.6-ubi8,2.7-ubi7,latest                            NO
wildfly     openshift     10.0,10.1,11.0,12.0,13.0,14.0,15.0,16.0,17.0,18.0,19.0,20.0,8.1,9.0,latest     NO
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Create a directory for your components: 

    $ mkdir my_components && cd my_components
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  5. Download the example back-end application: 

    $ git clone https://github.com/openshift-evangelists/Wild-West-Backend backend
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  6. Change to the back-end source directory: 

    $ cd backend
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  7. Check that you have the correct files in the directory: 

    $ ls
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    debug.sh  pom.xml  src
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  8. Build the back-end source files with Maven to create a JAR file: 

    $ mvn package
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    Example output

    ...
[INFO] --------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] --------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 2.635 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-09-30T16:11:11-04:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 30M/91M
[INFO] --------------------------------------
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  9. Create a component configuration of Java component-type named backend: 

    $ odo create openjdk18 backend --binary target/wildwest-1.0.jar
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

     ✓  Validating component [1ms]
 Please use `odo push` command to create the component with source deployed
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Now the configuration file config.yaml is in the local directory of the back-end component that contains information about the component for deployment.

  10. Check the configuration settings of the back-end component in the config.yaml file using: 

    $ odo config view
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    Example output

    COMPONENT SETTINGS
------------------------------------------------
PARAMETER         CURRENT_VALUE
Type              openjdk18
Application       app
Project           myproject
SourceType        binary
Ref
SourceLocation    target/wildwest-1.0.jar
Ports             8080/TCP,8443/TCP,8778/TCP
Name              backend
MinMemory
MaxMemory
DebugPort
Ignore
MinCPU
MaxCPU
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  11. Push the component to the OpenShift Container Platform cluster. 

    $ odo push
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    Example output

    Validation
 ✓  Checking component [6ms]

Configuration changes
 ✓  Initializing component
 ✓  Creating component [124ms]

Pushing to component backend of type binary
 ✓  Checking files for pushing [1ms]
 ✓  Waiting for component to start [48s]
 ✓  Syncing files to the component [811ms]
 ✓  Building component [3s]
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Using odo push, OpenShift Container Platform creates a container to host the back-end component, deploys the container into a pod running on the OpenShift Container Platform cluster, and starts the backend component.

  12. Validate:

    • The status of the action in odo: 

      $ odo log -f
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      Example output

      2019-09-30 20:14:19.738  INFO 444 --- [           main] c.o.wildwest.WildWestApplication         : Starting WildWestApplication v1.0 onbackend-app-1-9tnhc with PID 444 (/deployments/wildwest-1.0.jar started by jboss in /deployments)
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    • The status of the back-end component: 

      $ odo list
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      APP     NAME        TYPE          SOURCE                             STATE
app     backend     openjdk18     file://target/wildwest-1.0.jar     Pushed
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

2.6.4. Deploying the front-end component
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To create and deploy a front-end component, download the Node.js application and push the source code to your cluster with odo.

Procedure

  1. Download the example front-end application: 

    $ git clone https://github.com/openshift/nodejs-ex frontend
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Change the current directory to the front-end directory: 

    $ cd frontend
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  3. List the contents of the directory to see that the front end is a Node.js application. 

    $ ls
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    README.md       openshift       server.js       views
helm            package.json    tests
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    注意

    The front-end component is written in an interpreted language (Node.js); it does not need to be built.

  4. Create a component configuration of Node.js component-type named frontend: 

    $ odo create nodejs frontend
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

     ✓  Validating component [5ms]
Please use `odo push` command to create the component with source deployed
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Push the component to a running container. 

    $ odo push
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    Validation
 ✓  Checking component [8ms]

Configuration changes
 ✓  Initializing component
 ✓  Creating component [83ms]

Pushing to component frontend of type local
 ✓  Checking files for pushing [2ms]
 ✓  Waiting for component to start [45s]
 ✓  Syncing files to the component [3s]
 ✓  Building component [18s]
 ✓  Changes successfully pushed to component
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

2.6.5. Linking both components
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Components running on the cluster need to be connected in order to interact. OpenShift Container Platform provides linking mechanisms to publish communication bindings from a program to its clients.

Procedure

  1. List all the components that are running on the cluster: 

    $ odo list
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    Example output

    OpenShift Components:
APP     NAME         PROJECT     TYPE          SOURCETYPE     STATE
app     backend      testpro     openjdk18     binary         Pushed
app     frontend     testpro     nodejs        local          Pushed
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Link the current front-end component to the back end: 

    $ odo link backend --port 8080
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

     ✓  Component backend has been successfully linked from the component frontend

Following environment variables were added to frontend component:
- COMPONENT_BACKEND_HOST
- COMPONENT_BACKEND_PORT
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    The configuration information of the back-end component is added to the front-end component and the front-end component restarts.

2.6.6. Exposing components to the public
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Procedure

  1. Navigate to the frontend directory: 

    $ cd frontend
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Create an external URL for the application: 

    $ odo url create frontend --port 8080
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

     ✓  URL frontend created for component: frontend

To create URL on the OpenShift  cluster, use `odo push`
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Apply the changes: 

    $ odo push
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    Validation
 ✓  Checking component [21ms]

Configuration changes
 ✓  Retrieving component data [35ms]
 ✓  Applying configuration [29ms]

Applying URL changes
 ✓  URL frontend: http://frontend-app-myproject.192.168.42.79.nip.io created

Pushing to component frontend of type local
 ✓  Checking file changes for pushing [1ms]
 ✓  No file changes detected, skipping build. Use the '-f' flag to force the build.
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Open the URL in a browser to view the application.
注意

If an application requires permissions to the active service account to access the OpenShift Container Platform namespace and delete active pods, the following error may occur when looking at odo log from the back-end component:

Message: Forbidden!Configured service account doesn’t have access. Service account may have been revoked

To resolve this error, add permissions for the service account role: 

$ oc policy add-role-to-group view system:serviceaccounts -n <project>
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$ oc policy add-role-to-group edit system:serviceaccounts -n <project>
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Do not do this on a production cluster.

2.6.7. Modifying the running application
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Procedure

  1. Change the local directory to the front-end directory: 

    $ cd frontend
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Monitor the changes on the file system using: 

    $ odo watch
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Edit the index.html file to change the displayed name for the game.

    注意

    A slight delay is possible before odo recognizes the change.

    odo pushes the changes to the front-end component and prints its status to the terminal: 

    File /root/frontend/index.html changed
File  changed
Pushing files...
 ✓  Waiting for component to start
 ✓  Copying files to component
 ✓  Building component
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
  4. Refresh the application page in the web browser. The new name is now displayed.

2.6.8. Deleting an application
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重要

Deleting an application will delete all components associated with the application.

Procedure

  1. List the applications in the current project: 

    $ odo app list
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

        The project '<project_name>' has the following applications:
    NAME
    app
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. List the components associated with the applications. These components will be deleted with the application: 

    $ odo component list
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

        APP     NAME                      TYPE       SOURCE        STATE
    app     nodejs-nodejs-ex-elyf     nodejs     file://./     Pushed
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Delete the application: 

    $ odo app delete <application_name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

        ? Are you sure you want to delete the application: <application_name> from project: <project_name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Confirm the deletion with Y. You can suppress the confirmation prompt using the -f flag.

2.7. Creating an application with a database
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This example describes how to deploy and connect a database to a front-end application.

2.7.1. Prerequisites
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  • odo is installed.
  • oc client is installed.
  • You have a running cluster. Developers can use CodeReady Containers (CRC) to deploy a local cluster quickly.

  • The Service Catalog is installed and enabled on your cluster.

    注意

    Service Catalog is deprecated on OpenShift Container Platform 4 and later.

2.7.2. Creating a project
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Create a project to keep your source code, tests, and libraries organized in a separate single unit.

Procedure

  1. Log in to an OpenShift Container Platform cluster: 

    $ odo login -u developer -p developer
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Create a project: 

    $ odo project create myproject
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

     ✓  Project 'myproject' is ready for use
 ✓  New project created and now using project : myproject
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

2.7.3. Deploying the front-end component
复制链接

To create and deploy a front-end component, download the Node.js application and push the source code to your cluster with odo.

Procedure

  1. Download the example front-end application: 

    $ git clone https://github.com/openshift/nodejs-ex frontend
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Change the current directory to the front-end directory: 

    $ cd frontend
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. List the contents of the directory to see that the front end is a Node.js application. 

    $ ls
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    README.md       openshift       server.js       views
helm            package.json    tests
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    注意

    The front-end component is written in an interpreted language (Node.js); it does not need to be built.

  4. Create a component configuration of Node.js component-type named frontend: 

    $ odo create nodejs frontend
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

     ✓  Validating component [5ms]
Please use `odo push` command to create the component with source deployed
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Create a URL to access the frontend interface. 

    $ odo url create myurl
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

     ✓  URL myurl created for component: nodejs-nodejs-ex-pmdp
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  6. Push the component to the OpenShift Container Platform cluster. 

    $ odo push
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    Validation
 ✓  Checking component [7ms]

 Configuration changes
 ✓  Initializing component
 ✓  Creating component [134ms]

 Applying URL changes
 ✓  URL myurl: http://myurl-app-myproject.192.168.42.79.nip.io created

 Pushing to component nodejs-nodejs-ex-mhbb of type local
 ✓  Checking files for pushing [657850ns]
 ✓  Waiting for component to start [6s]
 ✓  Syncing files to the component [408ms]
 ✓  Building component [7s]
 ✓  Changes successfully pushed to component
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

2.7.4. Deploying a database in interactive mode
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odo provides a command-line interactive mode which simplifies deployment.

Procedure

  • Run the interactive mode and answer the prompts: 

    $ odo service create
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    ? Which kind of service do you wish to create database
? Which database service class should we use mongodb-persistent
? Enter a value for string property DATABASE_SERVICE_NAME (Database Service Name): mongodb
? Enter a value for string property MEMORY_LIMIT (Memory Limit): 512Mi
? Enter a value for string property MONGODB_DATABASE (MongoDB Database Name): sampledb
? Enter a value for string property MONGODB_VERSION (Version of MongoDB Image): 3.2
? Enter a value for string property VOLUME_CAPACITY (Volume Capacity): 1Gi
? Provide values for non-required properties No
? How should we name your service  mongodb-persistent
? Output the non-interactive version of the selected options No
? Wait for the service to be ready No
 ✓  Creating service [32ms]
 ✓  Service 'mongodb-persistent' was created
Progress of the provisioning will not be reported and might take a long time.
You can see the current status by executing 'odo service list'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

注意

Your password or username will be passed to the front-end application as environment variables.

2.7.5. Deploying a database manually
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  1. List the available services: 

    $ odo catalog list services
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    NAME                         PLANS
django-psql-persistent       default
jenkins-ephemeral            default
jenkins-pipeline-example     default
mariadb-persistent           default
mongodb-persistent           default
mysql-persistent             default
nodejs-mongo-persistent      default
postgresql-persistent        default
rails-pgsql-persistent       default
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Choose the mongodb-persistent type of service and see the required parameters: 

    $ odo catalog describe service mongodb-persistent
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

      ***********************        | *****************************************************
  Name                           | default
  -----------------              | -----------------
  Display Name                   |
  -----------------              | -----------------
  Short Description              | Default plan
  -----------------              | -----------------
  Required Params without a      |
  default value                  |
  -----------------              | -----------------
  Required Params with a default | DATABASE_SERVICE_NAME
  value                          | (default: 'mongodb'),
                                 | MEMORY_LIMIT (default:
                                 | '512Mi'), MONGODB_VERSION
                                 | (default: '3.2'),
                                 | MONGODB_DATABASE (default:
                                 | 'sampledb'), VOLUME_CAPACITY
                                 | (default: '1Gi')
  -----------------              | -----------------
  Optional Params                | MONGODB_ADMIN_PASSWORD,
                                 | NAMESPACE, MONGODB_PASSWORD,
                                 | MONGODB_USER
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Pass the required parameters as flags and wait for the deployment of the database: 

    $ odo service create mongodb-persistent --plan default --wait -p DATABASE_SERVICE_NAME=mongodb -p MEMORY_LIMIT=512Mi -p MONGODB_DATABASE=sampledb -p VOLUME_CAPACITY=1Gi
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

2.7.6. Connecting the database to the front-end application
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  1. Link the database to the front-end service: 

    $ odo link mongodb-persistent
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

     ✓  Service mongodb-persistent has been successfully linked from the component nodejs-nodejs-ex-mhbb

Following environment variables were added to nodejs-nodejs-ex-mhbb component:
- database_name
- password
- uri
- username
- admin_password
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. See the environment variables of the application and the database in the pod:

    1. Get the pod name: 

      $ oc get pods
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      NAME                                READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
mongodb-1-gsznc                     1/1       Running   0          28m
nodejs-nodejs-ex-mhbb-app-4-vkn9l   1/1       Running   0          1m
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    2. Connect to the pod: 

      $ oc rsh nodejs-nodejs-ex-mhbb-app-4-vkn9l
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    3. Check the environment variables: 

      sh-4.2$ env
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      Example output

      uri=mongodb://172.30.126.3:27017
password=dHIOpYneSkX3rTLn
database_name=sampledb
username=user43U
admin_password=NCn41tqmx7RIqmfv
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Open the URL in the browser and notice the database configuration in the bottom right: 

    $ odo url list
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    Request information
Page view count: 24

DB Connection Info:
Type:	MongoDB
URL:	mongodb://172.30.126.3:27017/sampledb
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

2.7.7. Deleting an application
复制链接

重要

Deleting an application will delete all components associated with the application.

Procedure

  1. List the applications in the current project: 

    $ odo app list
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

        The project '<project_name>' has the following applications:
    NAME
    app
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. List the components associated with the applications. These components will be deleted with the application: 

    $ odo component list
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

        APP     NAME                      TYPE       SOURCE        STATE
    app     nodejs-nodejs-ex-elyf     nodejs     file://./     Pushed
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Delete the application: 

    $ odo app delete <application_name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

        ? Are you sure you want to delete the application: <application_name> from project: <project_name>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Confirm the deletion with Y. You can suppress the confirmation prompt using the -f flag.

2.8. Using devfiles in odo
复制链接

重要

Creating applications by using devfiles with `odo` is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see https://access.redhat.com/support/offerings/techpreview/.

2.8.1. About the devfile in odo
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The devfile is a portable file that describes your development environment. With the devfile, you can define a portable developmental environment without the need for reconfiguration.

With the devfile, you can describe your development environment, such as the source code, IDE tools, application runtimes, and predefined commands. To learn more about the devfile, see the devfile documentation.

With odo, you can create components from the devfiles. When creating a component by using a devfile, odo transforms the devfile into a workspace consisting of multiple containers that run on OpenShift Container Platform, Kubernetes, or Docker. odo automatically uses the default devfile registry but users can add their own registries.

2.8.2. Creating a Java application by using a devfile
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2.8.3. Prerequisites
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  • You have installed odo.
  • You must know your ingress domain cluster name. Contact your cluster administrator if you do not know it. For example, apps-crc.testing is the cluster domain name for Red Hat CodeReady Containers.

  • You have enabled Experimental Mode in odo.

    • To enable Experimental Mode in odo preferences, run odo preference set Experimental true or use the environment variable odo config set --env ODO_EXPERIMENTAL=true
2.8.3.1. Creating a project
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Create a project to keep your source code, tests, and libraries organized in a separate single unit.

Procedure

  1. Log in to an OpenShift Container Platform cluster: 

    $ odo login -u developer -p developer
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  2. Create a project: 

    $ odo project create myproject
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    Example output

     ✓  Project 'myproject' is ready for use
 ✓  New project created and now using project : myproject
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2.8.3.2. Listing available devfile components
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With odo, you can display all the components that are available for you on the cluster. Components that are available depend on the configuration of your cluster.

Procedure

  1. To list available devfile components on your cluster, run: 

    $ odo catalog list components
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    The output lists the available odo components: 

    Odo Devfile Components:
NAME                 DESCRIPTION                            REGISTRY
java-maven           Upstream Maven and OpenJDK 11          DefaultDevfileRegistry
java-openliberty     Open Liberty microservice in Java      DefaultDevfileRegistry
java-quarkus         Upstream Quarkus with Java+GraalVM     DefaultDevfileRegistry
java-springboot      Spring Boot® using Java                DefaultDevfileRegistry
nodejs               Stack with NodeJS 12                   DefaultDevfileRegistry

Odo OpenShift Components:
NAME        PROJECT       TAGS                                                                           SUPPORTED
java        openshift     11,8,latest                                                                    YES
dotnet      openshift     2.1,3.1,latest                                                                 NO
golang      openshift     1.13.4-ubi7,1.13.4-ubi8,latest                                                 NO
httpd       openshift     2.4-el7,2.4-el8,latest                                                         NO
nginx       openshift     1.14-el7,1.14-el8,1.16-el7,1.16-el8,latest                                     NO
nodejs      openshift     10-ubi7,10-ubi8,12-ubi7,12-ubi8,latest                                         NO
perl        openshift     5.26-el7,5.26-ubi8,5.30-el7,latest                                             NO
php         openshift     7.2-ubi7,7.2-ubi8,7.3-ubi7,7.3-ubi8,latest                                     NO
python      openshift     2.7-ubi7,2.7-ubi8,3.6-ubi7,3.6-ubi8,3.8-ubi7,3.8-ubi8,latest                   NO
ruby        openshift     2.5-ubi7,2.5-ubi8,2.6-ubi7,2.6-ubi8,2.7-ubi7,latest                            NO
wildfly     openshift     10.0,10.1,11.0,12.0,13.0,14.0,15.0,16.0,17.0,18.0,19.0,20.0,8.1,9.0,latest     NO
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2.8.3.3. Deploying a Java application using a devfile
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In this section, you will learn how to deploy a sample Java project that uses Maven and Java 8 JDK using a devfile.

Procedure

  1. Create a directory to store the source code of your component: 

    $ mkdir <directory-name>
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  2. Create a component configuration of Spring Boot component type named myspring and download its sample project: 

    $ odo create java-spring-boot myspring --starter
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    The previous command produces the following output: 

    Experimental mode is enabled, use at your own risk

Validation
✓  Checking devfile compatibility [195728ns]
✓  Creating a devfile component from registry: DefaultDevfileRegistry [170275ns]
✓  Validating devfile component [281940ns]

Please use `odo push` command to create the component with source deployed
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    The odo create command downloads the associated devfile.yaml file from the recorded devfile registries.

  3. List the contents of the directory to confirm that the devfile and the sample Java application were downloaded: 

    $ ls
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    The previous command produces the following output: 

    README.md    devfile.yaml    pom.xml        src
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  4. Create a URL to access the deployed component: 

    $ odo url create --host apps-crc.testing
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    The previous command produces the following output: 

    ✓  URL myspring-8080.apps-crc.testing created for component: myspring

To apply the URL configuration changes, please use odo push
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    注意

    You must use your cluster host domain name when creating the URL.

  5. Push the component to the cluster: 

    $ odo push
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    The previous command produces the following output: 

    Validation
 ✓  Validating the devfile [81808ns]

Creating Kubernetes resources for component myspring
 ✓  Waiting for component to start [5s]

Applying URL changes
 ✓  URL myspring-8080: http://myspring-8080.apps-crc.testing created

Syncing to component myspring
 ✓  Checking files for pushing [2ms]
 ✓  Syncing files to the component [1s]

Executing devfile commands for component myspring
 ✓  Executing devbuild command "/artifacts/bin/build-container-full.sh" [1m]
 ✓  Executing devrun command "/artifacts/bin/start-server.sh" [2s]

Pushing devfile component myspring
 ✓  Changes successfully pushed to component
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  6. List the URLs of the component to verify that the component was pushed successfully: 

    $ odo url list
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    The previous command produces the following output: 

    Found the following URLs for component myspring
NAME              URL                                       PORT     SECURE
myspring-8080     http://myspring-8080.apps-crc.testing     8080     false
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  7. View your deployed application by using the generated URL: 

    $ curl http://myspring-8080.apps-crc.testing
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2.8.4. Converting an S2I component into a devfile component
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With odo, you can create both Source-to-Image (S2I) and devfile components. If you have an existing S2I component, you can convert it into a devfile component using the odo utils command.

Procedure

Run all the commands from the S2I component directory.

  1. Run the odo utils convert-to-devfile command, which creates devfile.yaml and env.yaml based on your component: 

    $ odo utils convert-to-devfile
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  2. Push the component to your cluster: 

    $ odo push
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    注意

    If the devfile component deployment failed, delete it by running: odo delete -a

  3. Verify that the devfile component deployed successfully: 

    $ odo list
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  4. Delete the S2I component: 

    $ odo delete --s2i
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2.9. Using sample applications
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odo offers partial compatibility with any language or runtime listed within the OpenShift catalog of component types. For example: 

NAME        PROJECT       TAGS
dotnet      openshift     2.0,latest
httpd       openshift     2.4,latest
java        openshift     8,latest
nginx       openshift     1.10,1.12,1.8,latest
nodejs      openshift     0.10,4,6,8,latest
perl        openshift     5.16,5.20,5.24,latest
php         openshift     5.5,5.6,7.0,7.1,latest
python      openshift     2.7,3.3,3.4,3.5,3.6,latest
ruby        openshift     2.0,2.2,2.3,2.4,latest
wildfly     openshift     10.0,10.1,8.1,9.0,latest
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注意

For odo Java and Node.js are the officially supported component types. Run odo catalog list components to verify the officially supported component types.

In order to access the component over the web, create a URL using odo url create.

2.9.1. Examples from Git repositories
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2.9.1.1. httpd
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This example helps build and serve static content using httpd on CentOS 7. For more information about using this builder image, including OpenShift Container Platform considerations, see the Apache HTTP Server container image repository. 

$ odo create httpd --git https://github.com/openshift/httpd-ex.git
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2.9.1.2. java
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This example helps build and run fat JAR Java applications on CentOS 7. For more information about using this builder image, including OpenShift Container Platform considerations, see the Java S2I Builder image. 

$ odo create java --git https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-petclinic.git
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2.9.1.3. nodejs
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Build and run Node.js applications on CentOS 7. For more information about using this builder image, including OpenShift Container Platform considerations, see the Node.js 8 container image. 

$ odo create nodejs --git https://github.com/openshift/nodejs-ex.git
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2.9.1.4. perl
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This example helps build and run Perl applications on CentOS 7. For more information about using this builder image, including OpenShift Container Platform considerations, see the Perl 5.26 container image. 

$ odo create perl --git https://github.com/openshift/dancer-ex.git
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2.9.1.5. php
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This example helps build and run PHP applications on CentOS 7. For more information about using this builder image, including OpenShift Container Platform considerations, see the PHP 7.1 Docker image. 

$ odo create php --git https://github.com/openshift/cakephp-ex.git
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2.9.1.6. python
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This example helps build and run Python applications on CentOS 7. For more information about using this builder image, including OpenShift Container Platform considerations, see the Python 3.6 container image. 

$ odo create python --git https://github.com/openshift/django-ex.git
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2.9.1.7. ruby
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This example helps build and run Ruby applications on CentOS 7. For more information about using this builder image, including OpenShift Container Platform considerations, see Ruby 2.5 container image. 

$ odo create ruby --git https://github.com/openshift/ruby-ex.git
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2.9.1.8. wildfly
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This example helps build and run WildFly applications on CentOS 7. For more information about using this builder image, including OpenShift Container Platform considerations, see the Wildfly - CentOS Docker images for OpenShift. 

$ odo create wildfly --git https://github.com/openshift/openshift-jee-sample.git
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2.9.2. Binary examples
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2.9.2.1. java
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Java can be used to deploy a binary artifact as follows: 

$ git clone https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-petclinic.git
$ cd spring-petclinic
$ mvn package
$ odo create java test3 --binary target/*.jar
$ odo push
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2.9.2.2. wildfly
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WildFly can be used to deploy a binary application as follows: 

$ git clone https://github.com/openshiftdemos/os-sample-java-web.git
$ cd os-sample-java-web
$ mvn package
$ cd ..
$ mkdir example && cd example
$ mv ../os-sample-java-web/target/ROOT.war example.war
$ odo create wildfly --binary example.war
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2.10. Creating instances of services managed by Operators
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重要

Creating instances of services managed by Operators in `odo` is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see https://access.redhat.com/support/offerings/techpreview/.

Operators are a method of packaging, deploying, and managing Kubernetes services. With odo, you can create instances of services from the custom resource definitions (CRDs) provided by the Operators. You can then use these instances in your projects and link them to your components.

To create services from an Operator, you must ensure that the Operator has valid values defined in its metadata to start the requested service. odo uses the metadata.annotations.alm-examples YAML file of an Operator to start the service. If this YAML has placeholder values or sample values, a service cannot start. You can modify the YAML file and start the service with the modified values. To learn how to modify YAML files and start services from it, see Creating services from YAML files.

2.10.1. Prerequisites
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  • Install the oc CLI and log into the cluster.

    • Note that the configuration of the cluster determines the services available to you. To access the Operator services, a cluster administrator must install the respective Operator on the cluster first. To learn more, see Adding Operators to the cluster.
  • Install the odo CLI.
  • Enable experimental mode. To enable experimental mode in odo, run: odo preference set Experimental true or use the environment variable odo config set --env ODO_EXPERIMENTAL=true

2.10.2. Creating a project
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Create a project to keep your source code, tests, and libraries organized in a separate single unit.

Procedure

  1. Log in to an OpenShift Container Platform cluster: 

    $ odo login -u developer -p developer
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  2. Create a project: 

    $ odo project create myproject
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    Example output

     ✓  Project 'myproject' is ready for use
 ✓  New project created and now using project : myproject
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With odo, you can display the list of the Operators installed on your cluster, and the services they provide.

  • To list the Operators installed in current project, run: 

    $ odo catalog list services
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    The command lists Operators and the CRDs. The output of the command shows the Operators installed on your cluster. For example: 

    Operators available in the cluster
NAME                          CRDs
etcdoperator.v0.9.4           EtcdCluster, EtcdBackup, EtcdRestore
mongodb-enterprise.v1.4.5     MongoDB, MongoDBUser, MongoDBOpsManager
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    etcdoperator.v0.9.4 is the Operator, EtcdCluster, EtcdBackup and EtcdRestore are the CRDs provided by the Operator.

2.10.4. Creating a service from an Operator
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If an Operator has valid values defined in its metadata to start the requested service, you can use the service with odo service create.

  1. Print the YAML of the service as a file on your local drive: 

    $ oc get csv/etcdoperator.v0.9.4 -o yaml
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  2. Verify that the values of the service are valid: 

    apiVersion: etcd.database.coreos.com/v1beta2
kind: EtcdCluster
metadata:
  name: example
spec:
  size: 3
  version: 3.2.13
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  3. Start an EtcdCluster service from the etcdoperator.v0.9.4 Operator: 

    $ odo service create etcdoperator.v0.9.4 EtcdCluster
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  4. Verify that a service has started: 

    $ oc get EtcdCluster
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2.10.5. Creating services from YAML files
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If the YAML definition of the service or custom resource (CR) has invalid or placeholder data, you can use the --dry-run flag to get the YAML definition, specify the correct values, and start the service using the corrected YAML definition. Printing and modifying the YAML used to start a service odo provides the feature to print the YAML definition of the service or CR provided by the Operator before starting a service.

  1. To display the YAML of the service, run: 

    $ odo service create <operator-name> --dry-run
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    For example, to print YAML definition of EtcdCluster provided by the etcdoperator.v0.9.4 Operator, run: 

    $ odo service create etcdoperator.v0.9.4 --dry-run
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    The YAML is saved as the etcd.yaml file.

  2. Modify the etcd.yaml file: 

    apiVersion: etcd.database.coreos.com/v1beta2
kind: EtcdCluster
metadata:
  name: my-etcd-cluster
    1 
    
spec:
  size: 1
    2 
    
  version: 3.2.13
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    1
    Change the name from example to my-etcd-cluster
    2
    Reduce the size from 3 to 1

  3. Start a service from the YAML file: 

    $ odo service create --from-file etcd.yaml
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  4. Verify that the EtcdCluster service has started with one pod instead of the pre-configured three pods: 

    $ oc get pods | grep my-etcd-cluster
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2.11. Debugging applications in odo
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With odo, you can attach a debugger to remotely debug your application. This feature is only supported for NodeJS and Java components.

Components created with odo run in the debug mode by default. A debugger agent runs on the component, on a specific port. To start debugging your application, you must start port forwarding and attach the local debugger bundled in your Integrated development environment (IDE).

2.11.1. Debugging an application
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You can debug your application on in odo with the odo debug command.

Procedure

  1. After an application is deployed, start the port forwarding for your component to debug the application: 

    $ odo debug port-forward
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  2. Attach the debugger bundled in your IDE to the component. Instructions vary depending on your IDE.

2.11.2. Configuring debugging parameters
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You can specify a remote port with odo config command and a local port with the odo debug command.

Procedure

  • To set a remote port on which the debugging agent should run, run: 

    $ odo config set DebugPort 9292
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    注意

    You must redeploy your component for this value to be reflected on the component.

  • To set a local port to port forward, run: 

    $ odo debug port-forward --local-port 9292
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    注意

    The local port value does not persist. You must provide it every time you need to change the port.

2.12. Managing environment variables
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odo stores component-specific configurations and environment variables in the config file. You can use the odo config command to set, unset, and list environment variables for components without the need to modify the config file.

2.12.1. Setting and unsetting environment variables
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Procedure

  • To set an environment variable in a component: 

    $ odo config set --env <variable>=<value>
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  • To unset an environment variable in a component: 

    $ odo config unset --env <variable>
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  • To list all environment variables in a component: 

    $ odo config view
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2.13. Configuring the odo CLI
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2.13.1. Using command completion
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注意

Currently command completion is only supported for bash, zsh, and fish shells.

odo provides a smart completion of command parameters based on user input. For this to work, odo needs to integrate with the executing shell.

Procedure

  • To install command completion automatically:

    1. Run: 

      $ odo --complete
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    2. Press y when prompted to install the completion hook.
  • To install the completion hook manually, add complete -o nospace -C <full_path_to_your_odo_binary> odo to your shell configuration file. After any modification to your shell configuration file, restart your shell.

  • To disable completion:

    1. Run: 

      $ odo --uncomplete
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    2. Press y when prompted to uninstall the completion hook.
注意

Re-enable command completion if you either rename the odo executable or move it to a different directory.

2.13.2. Ignoring files or patterns
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You can configure a list of files or patterns to ignore by modifying the .odoignore file in the root directory of your application. This applies to both odo push and odo watch.

If the .odoignore file does not exist, the .gitignore file is used instead for ignoring specific files and folders.

To ignore .git files, any files with the .js extension, and the folder tests, add the following to either the .odoignore or the .gitignore file: 

.git
*.js
tests/
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The .odoignore file allows any glob expressions.

2.14. odo CLI reference
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2.14.1. Basic odo CLI commands
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2.14.1.1. app
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Perform application operations related to your OpenShift Container Platform project.

Example using app

  # Delete the application
  odo app delete myapp

  # Describe 'webapp' application,
  odo app describe webapp

  # List all applications in the current project
  odo app list

  # List all applications in the specified project
  odo app list --project myproject
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2.14.1.2. catalog
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Perform catalog-related operations.

Example using catalog

  # Get the supported components
  odo catalog list components

  # Get the supported services from service catalog
  odo catalog list services

  # Search for a component
  odo catalog search component python

  # Search for a service
  odo catalog search service mysql

  # Describe a service
  odo catalog describe service mysql-persistent
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2.14.1.3. component
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Manage components of an application.

Example using component

# Create a new component
odo component create

# Create a local configuration and create all objects on the cluster
odo component create --now
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2.14.1.4. config
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Modify odo specific settings within the config file.

Example using config

  # For viewing the current local configuration
  odo config view

  # Set a configuration value in the local configuration
  odo config set Type java
  odo config set Name test
  odo config set MinMemory 50M
  odo config set MaxMemory 500M
  odo config set Memory 250M
  odo config set Ignore false
  odo config set MinCPU 0.5
  odo config set MaxCPU 2
  odo config set CPU 1

  # Set an environment variable in the local configuration
  odo config set --env KAFKA_HOST=kafka --env KAFKA_PORT=6639

  # Create a local configuration and apply the changes to the cluster immediately
  odo config set --now

  # Unset a configuration value in the local config
  odo config unset Type
  odo config unset Name
  odo config unset MinMemory
  odo config unset MaxMemory
  odo config unset Memory
  odo config unset Ignore
  odo config unset MinCPU
  odo config unset MaxCPU
  odo config unset CPU

  # Unset an env variable in the local config
  odo config unset --env KAFKA_HOST --env KAFKA_PORT
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Expand

Application

Application is the name of application the component needs to be part of

CPU

The minimum and maximum CPU a component can consume

Ignore

Consider the .odoignore file for push and watch

Expand
表 2.2. Available Local Parameters:

Application

The name of application that the component needs to be part of

CPU

The minimum and maximum CPU a component can consume

Ignore

Whether to consider the .odoignore file for push and watch

MaxCPU

The maximum CPU a component can consume

MaxMemory

The maximum memory a component can consume

Memory

The minimum and maximum memory a component can consume

MinCPU

The minimum CPU a component can consume

MinMemory

The minimum memory a component is provided

Name

The name of the component

Ports

Ports to be opened in the component

Project

The name of the project that the component is part of

Ref

Git ref to use for creating component from git source

SourceLocation

The path indicates the location of binary file or git source

SourceType

Type of component source - git/binary/local

Storage

Storage of the component

Type

The type of component

Url

The URL to access the component

2.14.1.5. create
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Create a configuration describing a component to be deployed on OpenShift Container Platform. If a component name is not provided, it is autogenerated.

By default, builder images are used from the current namespace. To explicitly supply a namespace, use: odo create namespace/name:version. If a version is not specified, the version defaults to latest.

Use odo catalog list to see a full list of component types that can be deployed.

Example using create

  # Create new Node.js component with the source in current directory.
  odo create nodejs

  # Create new Node.js component and push it to the cluster immediately.
  odo create nodejs --now

  # A specific image version may also be specified
  odo create nodejs:latest

  # Create new Node.js component named 'frontend' with the source in './frontend' directory
  odo create nodejs frontend --context ./frontend

  # Create a new Node.js component of version 6 from the 'openshift' namespace
  odo create openshift/nodejs:6 --context /nodejs-ex

  # Create new Wildfly component with binary named sample.war in './downloads' directory
  odo create wildfly wildfly --binary ./downloads/sample.war

  # Create new Node.js component with source from remote git repository
  odo create nodejs --git https://github.com/openshift/nodejs-ex.git

  # Create new Node.js git component while specifying a branch, tag or commit ref
  odo create nodejs --git https://github.com/openshift/nodejs-ex.git --ref master

  # Create new Node.js git component while specifying a tag
  odo create nodejs --git https://github.com/openshift/nodejs-ex.git --ref v1.0.1

  # Create new Node.js component with the source in current directory and ports 8080-tcp,8100-tcp and 9100-udp exposed
  odo create nodejs --port 8080,8100/tcp,9100/udp

  # Create new Node.js component with the source in current directory and env variables key=value and key1=value1 exposed
  odo create nodejs --env key=value,key1=value1

  # Create a new Python component with the source in a Git repository
  odo create python --git https://github.com/openshift/django-ex.git

  # Passing memory limits
  odo create nodejs --memory 150Mi
  odo create nodejs --min-memory 150Mi --max-memory 300 Mi

  # Passing cpu limits
  odo create nodejs --cpu 2
  odo create nodejs --min-cpu 200m --max-cpu 2
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2.14.1.6. debug
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Debug a component.

Example using debug

# Displaying information about the state of debugging
odo debug info

# Starting the port forwarding for a component to debug the application
odo debug port-forward

# Setting a local port to port forward
odo debug port-forward --local-port 9292
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2.14.1.7. delete
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Delete an existing component.

Example using delete

  # Delete component named 'frontend'.
  odo delete frontend
  odo delete frontend --all-apps
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2.14.1.8. describe
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Describe the given component.

Example using describe

  # Describe nodejs component
  odo describe nodejs
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2.14.1.10. list
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List all the components in the current application and the states of the components.

The states of the components

Pushed
A component is pushed to the cluster.
Not Pushed
A component is not pushed to the cluster.
Unknown
odo is disconnected from the cluster.

Example using list

  # List all components in the application
  odo list

  # List all the components in a given path
  odo list --path <path_to_your_component>
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2.14.1.11. log
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Retrieve the log for the given component.

Example using log

  # Get the logs for the nodejs component
  odo log nodejs
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2.14.1.12. login
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Log in to the cluster.

Example using login

  # Log in interactively
  odo login

  # Log in to the given server with the given certificate authority file
  odo login localhost:8443 --certificate-authority=/path/to/cert.crt

  # Log in to the given server with the given credentials (basic auth)
  odo login localhost:8443 --username=myuser --password=mypass

  # Log in to the given server with the given credentials (token)
  odo login localhost:8443 --token=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
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2.14.1.13. logout
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Log out of the current OpenShift Container Platform session.

Example using logout

  # Log out
  odo logout
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2.14.1.14. preference
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Modify odo specific configuration settings within the global preference file.

Example using preference

  # For viewing the current preferences
  odo preference view

  # Set a preference value in the global preference
  odo preference set UpdateNotification false
  odo preference set NamePrefix "app"
  odo preference set Timeout 20

  # Enable experimental mode
  odo preference set experimental true

  # Unset a preference value in the global preference
  odo preference unset  UpdateNotification
  odo preference unset  NamePrefix
  odo preference unset  Timeout

  # Disable experimental mode
  odo preference set experimental false
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注意

By default, the path to the global preference file is ~/.odo/preferece.yaml and it is stored in the environment variable GLOBALODOCONFIG. You can set up a custom path by setting the value of the environment variable to a new preference path, for example GLOBALODOCONFIG="new_path/preference.yaml"

Expand
表 2.3. Available Parameters:

NamePrefix

The default prefix is the current directory name. Use this value to set a default name prefix.

Timeout

The timeout (in seconds) for OpenShift Container Platform server connection checks.

UpdateNotification

Controls whether an update notification is shown.

2.14.1.15. project
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Perform project operations.

Example using project

  # Set the active project
  odo project set

  # Create a new project
  odo project create myproject

  # List all the projects
  odo project list

  # Delete a project
  odo project delete myproject

  # Get the active project
  odo project get
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2.14.1.16. push
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Push source code to a component.

Example using push

  # Push source code to the current component
  odo push

  # Push data to the current component from the original source.
  odo push

  # Push source code in ~/mycode to component called my-component
  odo push my-component --context ~/mycode

  # Push source code and display event notifications in JSON format.
  odo push -o json
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2.14.1.17. registry
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Create and modify custom registries.

Example using registry

# Add a registry to the registry list
odo registry add <registry name> <registry URL>

# List a registry in the registry list
odo registry list

# Delete a registry from the registry list
odo registry delete <registry name>

# Update a registry in the registry list
odo registry update <registry name> <registry URL>

# List a component with a corresponding registry
odo catalog list components

# Create a component that is hosted by a specific registry
odo create <component type> --registry <registry name>
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2.14.1.18. service
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Perform service catalog operations.

Example using service

  # Create new postgresql service from service catalog using dev plan and name my-postgresql-db.
  odo service create dh-postgresql-apb my-postgresql-db --plan dev -p postgresql_user=luke -p postgresql_password=secret

  # Delete the service named 'mysql-persistent'
  odo service delete mysql-persistent

  # List all services in the application
  odo service list
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2.14.1.19. storage
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Perform storage operations.

Example using storage

  # Create storage of size 1Gb to a component
  odo storage create mystorage --path=/opt/app-root/src/storage/ --size=1Gi

  # Delete storage mystorage from the currently active component
  odo storage delete mystorage

  # List all storage attached or mounted to the current component and
  # all unattached or unmounted storage in the current application
  odo storage list

  # Set the `-o json` flag to get a JSON formatted output
  odo storage list -o json
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2.14.1.21. update
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Update the source code path of a component

Example using update

  # Change the source code path of a currently active component to local (use the current directory as a source)
  odo update --local

  # Change the source code path of the frontend component to local with source in ./frontend directory
  odo update frontend --local ./frontend

  # Change the source code path of a currently active component to git
  odo update --git https://github.com/openshift/nodejs-ex.git

  # Change the source code path of the component named node-ex to git
  odo update node-ex --git https://github.com/openshift/nodejs-ex.git

  # Change the source code path of the component named wildfly to a binary named sample.war in ./downloads directory
  odo update wildfly --binary ./downloads/sample.war
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2.14.1.22. url
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Expose a component to the outside world.

Example using url

  # Create a URL for the current component with a specific port
  odo url create --port 8080

  # Create a URL with a specific name and port
  odo url create example --port 8080

  # Create a URL with a specific name by automatic detection of port (only for components which expose only one service port)
  odo url create example

  # Create a URL with a specific name and port for component frontend
  odo url create example --port 8080 --component frontend

  # Delete a URL to a component
  odo url delete myurl

  # List the available URLs
  odo url list

  # Create a URL in the configuration and apply the changes to the cluster
  odo url create --now

  # Create an HTTPS URL
  odo url create --secure
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The URLs that are generated using this command can be used to access the deployed components from outside the cluster.

2.14.1.23. utils
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Utilities for terminal commands and modifying odo configurations.

Example using utils

  # Bash terminal PS1 support
  source <(odo utils terminal bash)

  # Zsh terminal PS1 support
  source <(odo utils terminal zsh)
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2.14.1.24. version
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Print the client version information.

Example using version

  # Print the client version of odo
  odo version
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2.14.1.25. watch
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odo starts watching for changes and updates the component upon a change automatically.

Example using watch

  # Watch for changes in directory for current component
  odo watch

  # Watch for changes in directory for component called frontend
  odo watch frontend
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2.15. odo release notes
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2.15.1. Notable changes and improvements in odo
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  • The --devfile flag is added to odo create. Run odo create <component name> --devfile <devfile path> to specify your devfile location. This flag is only available in the Experimental Mode. See Technology Preview features to learn how to enable it.

  • Dynamic registry support. Now you can configure your own registries with the following commands: 

    # Add a registry to the registry list
odo registry add <registry name> <registry URL>

# List a registry in the registry list
odo registry list

# Delete a registry from the registry list
odo registry delete <registry name>

# Update a registry in the registry list
odo registry update <registry name> <registry URL>

# List a component with a corresponding registry
odo catalog list components

# Create a component that is hosted by a specific registry
odo create <component type> --registry <registry name>
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  • The --starter flag is added to odo create. Run odo create nodejs --starter <project-name> to download the source code of a project specified in the devfile. If no project name is specified, odo downloads the first one.
  • The --context flag is added to odo push. With --context, you can trigger odo push from outside the source code directory. Run odo push --devfile <path to the devfile> --context <directory with your component> to specify the directory of your component.
  • Performance improvement for odo catalog list components when using the devfiles.
  • The --now flag is added for odo url delete when using the devfiles.
  • odo url delete --now now works with the devfiles.
  • The --debug flag now works with the devfiles.
  • Added machine-readable output for listing Operator-backed services. Run odo catalog list services -o json to display information about Operators and services in JSON format.
  • Added machine-readable output for debugging. Run odo debug info -o json to display the debugging information in JSON format.
  • Added machine-readable output for odo push. Run odo push -o json to display event notifications in JSON format.

2.15.2. Getting support
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For Documentation

If you find an error or have suggestions for improving the documentation, file an issue in Bugzilla. Choose the OpenShift Container Platform product type and the Documentation component type.

For Product

If you find an error, encounter a bug, or have suggestions for improving the functionality of odo, file an issue in Bugzilla. Choose the Red Hat odo for OpenShift Container Platform product type.

Provide as many details in the issue description as possible.

2.15.3. Known issues
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  • Bug 1760574 A deleted namespace is listed in the odo project get command.
  • Bug 1760586 The odo delete command starts an infinite loop after a project is deleted and a component name is set.
  • Bug 1760588 The odo service create command crashes when run in Cygwin.
  • Bug 1760590 In Git BASH for Windows, the odo login -u developer command does not hide a typed password when requested.
  • Bug 1783188 In a disconnected cluster, the odo component create command throws an error …​tag not found…​ despite the component being listed in the catalog list.
  • Bug 1761440 It is not possible to create two Services of the same type in one project.

  • Bug 1821643 odo push does not work on the .NET component tag 2.1+.

    Workaround: specify your .NET project file by running: 

    $ odo config set --env DOTNET_STARTUP_PROJECT=<path to your project file>
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2.15.4. Technology Preview features odo
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  • odo debug is a feature that allows users to attach a local debugger to a component running in the Pod. To learn more, see Debugging applications in odo.
重要

odo debug is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see https://access.redhat.com/support/offerings/techpreview/.

  • Devfile support. With odo, you can create and deploy your applications using the devfiles. To learn more, see Creating applications by using devfiles. To access this feature, you must enable Experimental Mode with odo preference set experimental true.

    To see the list of currently supported devfile components, run odo catalog list components.

重要

Devfile support is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see https://access.redhat.com/support/offerings/techpreview/.

重要

Operators support is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see https://access.redhat.com/support/offerings/techpreview/.

第 3 章 Helm CLI
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3.1.1. Understanding Helm
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Helm is a software package manager that simplifies deployment of applications and services to OpenShift Container Platform clusters.

Helm uses a packaging format called charts. A Helm chart is a collection of files that describes the OpenShift Container Platform resources.

A running instance of the chart in a cluster is called a release. A new release is created every time a chart is installed on the cluster.

Each time a chart is installed, or a release is upgraded or rolled back, an incremental revision is created.

3.1.1.1. Key features
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Helm provides the ability to:

  • Search through a large collection of charts stored in the chart repository.
  • Modify existing charts.
  • Create your own charts with OpenShift Container Platform or Kubernetes resources.
  • Package and share your applications as charts.

3.1.2. Installing Helm
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The following section describes how to install Helm on different platforms using the CLI.

You can also find the URL to the latest binaries from the OpenShift Container Platform web console by clicking the ? icon in the upper-right corner and selecting Command Line Tools.

Prerequisites

  • You have installed Go, version 1.13 or higher.
3.1.2.1. On Linux
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  1. Download the Helm binary and add it to your path: 

    # curl -L https://mirror.openshift.com/pub/openshift-v4/clients/helm/latest/helm-linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/helm
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  2. Make the binary file executable: 

    # chmod +x /usr/local/bin/helm
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  3. Check the installed version: 

    $ helm version
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    Example output

    version.BuildInfo{Version:"v3.0", GitCommit:"b31719aab7963acf4887a1c1e6d5e53378e34d93", GitTreeState:"clean", GoVersion:"go1.13.4"}
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3.1.2.2. On Windows 7/8
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  1. Download the latest .exe file and put in a directory of your preference.
  2. Right click Start and click Control Panel.
  3. Select System and Security and then click System.
  4. From the menu on the left, select Advanced systems settings and click Environment Variables at the bottom.
  5. Select Path from the Variable section and click Edit.
  6. Click New and type the path to the folder with the .exe file into the field or click Browse and select the directory, and click OK.
3.1.2.3. On Windows 10
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  1. Download the latest .exe file and put in a directory of your preference.
  2. Click Search and type env or environment.
  3. Select Edit environment variables for your account.
  4. Select Path from the Variable section and click Edit.
  5. Click New and type the path to the directory with the exe file into the field or click Browse and select the directory, and click OK.
3.1.2.4. On MacOS
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  1. Download the Helm binary and add it to your path: 

    # curl -L https://mirror.openshift.com/pub/openshift-v4/clients/helm/latest/helm-darwin-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/helm
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  2. Make the binary file executable: 

    # chmod +x /usr/local/bin/helm
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  3. Check the installed version: 

    $ helm version
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    Example output

    version.BuildInfo{Version:"v3.0", GitCommit:"b31719aab7963acf4887a1c1e6d5e53378e34d93", GitTreeState:"clean", GoVersion:"go1.13.4"}
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Prerequisites

  • You have a running OpenShift Container Platform cluster and you have logged into it.
  • You have installed Helm.

Procedure

  1. Create a new project: 

    $ oc new-project mysql
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  2. Add a repository of Helm charts to your local Helm client: 

    $ helm repo add stable https://kubernetes-charts.storage.googleapis.com/
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    Example output

    "stable" has been added to your repositories
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  3. Update the repository: 

    $ helm repo update
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  4. Install an example MySQL chart: 

    $ helm install example-mysql stable/mysql
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  5. Verify that the chart has installed successfully: 

    $ helm list
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    Example output

    NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION
example-mysql mysql 1 2019-12-05 15:06:51.379134163 -0500 EST deployed mysql-1.5.0 5.7.27
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Procedure

  1. Create a new project: 

    $ oc new-project nodejs-ex-k
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  2. Download an example Node.js chart that contains OpenShift Container Platform objects: 

    $ git clone https://github.com/redhat-developer/redhat-helm-charts
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  3. Go to the directory with the sample chart: 

    $ cd redhat-helm-charts/alpha/nodejs-ex-k/
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  4. Edit the Chart.yaml file and add a description of your chart: 

    apiVersion: v2
    1 
    
name: nodejs-ex-k
    2 
    
description: A Helm chart for OpenShift
    3 
    
icon: https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/brand-assets/latest/corp/logo.svg
    4
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    1
    The chart API version. It should be v2 for Helm charts that require at least Helm 3.
    2
    The name of your chart.
    3
    The description of your chart.
    4
    The URL to an image to be used as an icon.

  5. Verify that the chart is formatted properly: 

    $ helm lint
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    Example output

    [INFO] Chart.yaml: icon is recommended

1 chart(s) linted, 0 chart(s) failed
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  6. Navigate to the previous directory level: 

    $ cd ..
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  7. Install the chart: 

    $ helm install nodejs-chart nodejs-ex-k
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  8. Verify that the chart has installed successfully: 

    $ helm list
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    Example output

    NAME NAMESPACE REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION
nodejs-chart nodejs-ex-k 1 2019-12-05 15:06:51.379134163 -0500 EST deployed nodejs-0.1.0  1.16.0
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kn enables simple interaction with Knative components on OpenShift Container Platform.

You can enable Knative on OpenShift Container Platform by installing OpenShift Serverless. For more information, see the documentation on Getting started with OpenShift Serverless.

注意

OpenShift Serverless cannot be installed using the kn CLI. A cluster administrator must install the OpenShift Serverless Operator and set up the Knative components, as described in the Serverless applications documentation for OpenShift Container Platform.

4.1. Key features
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kn is designed to make serverless computing tasks simple and concise. Key features of kn include:

  • Deploy serverless applications from the command line.
  • Manage features of Knative Serving, such as services, revisions, and traffic-splitting.

  • Create and manage Knative Eventing components, such as event sources and triggers.

    注意

    Knative Eventing is currently available as a Technology Preview feature of OpenShift Serverless.

  • Create sink binding to connect existing Kubernetes applications and Knative services.
  • Extend kn with flexible plugin architecture, similar to kubectl.
  • Configure autoscaling parameters for Knative services.
  • Scripted usage, such as waiting for the results of an operation, or deploying custom rollout and rollback strategies.

4.2. Installing kn
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For information about installing kn for use with OpenShift Serverless, see the documentation on Installing the Knative CLI (kn).

第 5 章 Pipelines CLI (tkn)
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5.1. Installing tkn
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Use the tkn CLI to manage Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines from a terminal. The following section describes how to install tkn on different platforms.

You can also find the URL to the latest binaries from the OpenShift Container Platform web console by clicking the ? icon in the upper-right corner and selecting Command Line Tools.

For Linux distributions, you can download the CLI directly as a tar.gz archive.

Procedure

  1. Download the CLI.

  2. Unpack the archive: 

    $ tar xvzf <file>
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  3. Place the tkn binary in a directory that is on your PATH.

  4. To check your PATH, run: 

    $ echo $PATH
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For Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) version 8, you can install the Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines CLI (tkn) as an RPM.

Prerequisites

  • You have an active OpenShift Container Platform subscription on your Red Hat account.
  • You have root or sudo privileges on your local system.

Procedure

  1. Register with Red Hat Subscription Manager: 

    # subscription-manager register
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  2. Pull the latest subscription data: 

    # subscription-manager refresh
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  3. List the available subscriptions: 

    # subscription-manager list --available --matches '*pipelines*'
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  4. In the output for the previous command, find the pool ID for your OpenShift Container Platform subscription and attach the subscription to the registered system: 

    # subscription-manager attach --pool=<pool_id>
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  5. Enable the repositories required by Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines: 

    # subscription-manager repos --enable="pipelines-1.1-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms"
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  6. Install the openshift-pipelines-client package: 

    # yum install openshift-pipelines-client
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After you install the CLI, it is available using the tkn command: 

$ tkn version
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For Windows, the tkn CLI is provided as a zip archive.

Procedure

  1. Download the CLI.
  2. Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
  3. Add the location of your tkn.exe file to your PATH environment variable.

  4. To check your PATH, open the command prompt and run the command: 

    C:\> path
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For macOS, the tkn CLI is provided as a tar.gz archive.

Procedure

  1. Download the CLI.
  2. Unpack and unzip the archive.
  3. Move the tkn binary to a directory on your PATH.

  4. To check your PATH, open a terminal window and run: 

    $ echo $PATH
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5.2. Configuring the OpenShift Pipelines tkn CLI
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Configure the Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines tkn CLI to enable tab completion.

5.2.1. Enabling tab completion
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After you install the tkn CLI, you can enable tab completion to automatically complete tkn commands or suggest options when you press Tab.

Prerequisites

  • You must have the tkn CLI tool installed.
  • You must have bash-completion installed on your local system.

Procedure

The following procedure enables tab completion for Bash.

  1. Save the Bash completion code to a file: 

    $ tkn completion bash > tkn_bash_completion
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  2. Copy the file to /etc/bash_completion.d/: 

    $ sudo cp tkn_bash_completion /etc/bash_completion.d/
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    Alternatively, you can save the file to a local directory and source it from your .bashrc file instead.

Tab completion is enabled when you open a new terminal.

5.3. OpenShift Pipelines tkn reference
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This section lists the basic tkn CLI commands.

5.3.1. Basic syntax
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tkn [command or options] [arguments…​]

5.3.2. Global options
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--help, -h

5.3.3. Utility commands
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5.3.3.1. tkn
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Parent command for tkn CLI.

Example: Display all options

$ tkn
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5.3.3.2. completion [shell]
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Print shell completion code which must be evaluated to provide interactive completion. Supported shells are bash and zsh.

Example: Completion code for bash shell

$ tkn completion bash
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5.3.3.3. version
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Print version information of the tkn CLI.

Example: Check the tkn version

$ tkn version
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5.3.4. Pipelines management commands
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5.3.4.1. pipeline
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Manage Pipelines.

Example: Display help

$ tkn pipeline --help
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5.3.4.2. pipeline delete
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Delete a Pipeline.

Example: Delete the mypipeline Pipeline from a namespace

$ tkn pipeline delete mypipeline -n myspace
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5.3.4.3. pipeline describe
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Describe a Pipeline.

Example: Describe mypipeline Pipeline

$ tkn pipeline describe mypipeline
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5.3.4.4. pipeline list
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List Pipelines.

Example: Display a list of Pipelines

$ tkn pipeline list
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5.3.4.5. pipeline logs
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Display Pipeline logs for a specific Pipeline.

Example: Stream live logs for the mypipeline Pipeline

$ tkn pipeline logs -f mypipeline
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5.3.4.6. pipeline start
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Start a Pipeline.

Example: Start mypipeline Pipeline

$ tkn pipeline start mypipeline
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5.3.5. PipelineRun commands
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5.3.5.1. pipelinerun
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Manage PipelineRuns.

Example: Display help

$ tkn pipelinerun -h
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5.3.5.2. pipelinerun cancel
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Cancel a PipelineRun.

Example: Cancel the mypipelinerun PipelineRun from a namespace

$ tkn pipelinerun cancel mypipelinerun -n myspace
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5.3.5.3. pipelinerun delete
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Delete a PipelineRun.

Example: Delete PipelineRuns from a namespace

$ tkn pipelinerun delete mypipelinerun1 mypipelinerun2 -n myspace
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5.3.5.4. pipelinerun describe
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Describe a PipelineRun.

Example: Describe the mypipelinerun PipelineRun in a namespace

$ tkn pipelinerun describe mypipelinerun -n myspace
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5.3.5.5. pipelinerun list
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List PipelineRuns.

Example: Display a list of PipelineRuns in a namespace

$ tkn pipelinerun list -n myspace
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5.3.5.6. pipelinerun logs
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Display the logs of a PipelineRun.

Example: Display the logs of the mypipelinerun PipelineRun with all tasks and steps in a namespace

$ tkn pipelinerun logs mypipelinerun -a -n myspace
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5.3.6. Task management commands
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5.3.6.1. task
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Manage Tasks.

Example: Display help

$ tkn task -h
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5.3.6.2. task delete
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Delete a Task.

Example: Delete mytask1 and mytask2 Tasks from a namespace

$ tkn task delete mytask1 mytask2 -n myspace
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5.3.6.3. task describe
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Describe a Task.

Example: Describe the mytask Task in a namespace

$ tkn task describe mytask -n myspace
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5.3.6.4. task list
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List Tasks.

Example: List all the Tasks in a namespace

$ tkn task list -n myspace
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5.3.6.5. task logs
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Display Task logs.

Example: Display logs for the mytaskrun TaskRun of the mytask Task

$ tkn task logs mytask mytaskrun -n myspace
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5.3.6.6. task start
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Start a Task.

Example: Start the mytask Task in a namespace

$ tkn task start mytask -s <ServiceAccountName> -n myspace
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5.3.7. TaskRun commands
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5.3.7.1. taskrun
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Manage TaskRuns.

Example: Display help

$ tkn taskrun -h
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5.3.7.2. taskrun cancel
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Cancel a TaskRun.

Example: Cancel the mytaskrun TaskRun from a namespace

$ tkn taskrun cancel mytaskrun -n myspace
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5.3.7.3. taskrun delete
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Delete a TaskRun.

Example: Delete mytaskrun1 and mytaskrun2 TaskRuns from a namespace

$ tkn taskrun delete mytaskrun1 mytaskrun2 -n myspace
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5.3.7.4. taskrun describe
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Describe a TaskRun.

Example: Describe the mytaskrun TaskRun in a namespace

$ tkn taskrun describe mytaskrun -n myspace
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5.3.7.5. taskrun list
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List TaskRuns.

Example: List all TaskRuns in a namespace

$ tkn taskrun list -n myspace
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5.3.7.6. taskrun logs
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Display TaskRun logs.

Example: Display live logs for the mytaskrun TaskRun in a namespace

$ tkn taskrun logs -f mytaskrun -n myspace
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5.3.8. Condition management commands
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5.3.8.1. condition
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Manage Conditions.

Example: Display help

$ tkn condition --help
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5.3.8.2. condition delete
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Delete a Condition.

Example: Delete the mycondition1 Condition from a namespace

$ tkn condition delete mycondition1 -n myspace
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5.3.8.3. condition describe
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Describe a Condition.

Example: Describe the mycondition1 Condition in a namespace

$ tkn condition describe mycondition1 -n myspace
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5.3.8.4. condition list
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List Conditions.

Example: List Conditions in a namespace

$ tkn condition list -n myspace
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5.3.9. Pipeline Resource management commands
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5.3.9.1. resource
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Manage Pipeline Resources.

Example: Display help

$ tkn resource -h
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5.3.9.2. resource create
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Create a Pipeline Resource.

Example: Create a Pipeline Resource in a namespace

$ tkn resource create -n myspace
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This is an interactive command that asks for input on the name of the Resource, type of the Resource, and the values based on the type of the Resource.

5.3.9.3. resource delete
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Delete a Pipeline Resource.

Example: Delete the myresource Pipeline Resource from a namespace

$ tkn resource delete myresource -n myspace
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5.3.9.4. resource describe
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Describe a Pipeline Resource.

Example: Describe the myresource Pipeline Resource

$ tkn resource describe myresource -n myspace
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5.3.9.5. resource list
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List Pipeline Resources.

Example: List all Pipeline Resources in a namespace

$ tkn resource list -n myspace
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5.3.10. ClusterTask management commands
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5.3.10.1. clustertask
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Manage ClusterTasks.

Example: Display help

$ tkn clustertask --help
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5.3.10.2. clustertask delete
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Delete a ClusterTask resource in a cluster.

Example: Delete mytask1 and mytask2 ClusterTasks

$ tkn clustertask delete mytask1 mytask2
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5.3.10.3. clustertask describe
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Describe a ClusterTask.

Example: Describe the mytask ClusterTask

$ tkn clustertask describe mytask1
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5.3.10.4. clustertask list
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List ClusterTasks.

Example: List ClusterTasks

$ tkn clustertask list
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5.3.10.5. clustertask start
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Start ClusterTasks.

Example: Start the mytask ClusterTask

$ tkn clustertask start mytask
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5.3.11. Trigger management commands
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5.3.11.1. eventlistener
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Manage EventListeners.

Example: Display help

$ tkn eventlistener -h
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5.3.11.2. eventlistener delete
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Delete an EventListener.

Example: Delete mylistener1 and mylistener2 EventListeners in a namespace

$ tkn eventlistener delete mylistener1 mylistener2 -n myspace
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5.3.11.3. eventlistener describe
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Describe an EventListener.

Example: Describe the mylistener EventListener in a namespace

$ tkn eventlistener describe mylistener -n myspace
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5.3.11.4. eventlistener list
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List EventListeners.

Example: List all the EventListeners in a namespace

$ tkn eventlistener list -n myspace
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5.3.11.5. triggerbinding
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Manage TriggerBindings.

Example: Display TriggerBindings help

$ tkn triggerbinding -h
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5.3.11.6. triggerbinding delete
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Delete a TriggerBinding.

Example: Delete mybinding1 and mybinding2 TriggerBindings in a namespace

$ tkn triggerbinding delete mybinding1 mybinding2 -n myspace
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5.3.11.7. triggerbinding describe
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Describe a TriggerBinding.

Example: Describe the mybinding TriggerBinding in a namespace

$ tkn triggerbinding describe mybinding -n myspace
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5.3.11.8. triggerbinding list
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List TriggerBindings.

Example: List all the TriggerBindings in a namespace

$ tkn triggerbinding list -n myspace
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5.3.11.9. triggertemplate
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Manage TriggerTemplates.

Example: Display TriggerTemplate help

$ tkn triggertemplate -h
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5.3.11.10. triggertemplate delete
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Delete a TriggerTemplate.

Example: Delete mytemplate1 and mytemplate2 TriggerTemplates in a namespace

$ tkn triggertemplate delete mytemplate1 mytemplate2 -n `myspace`
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5.3.11.11. triggertemplate describe
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Describe a TriggerTemplate.

Example: Describe the mytemplate TriggerTemplate in a namespace

$ tkn triggertemplate describe mytemplate -n `myspace`
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5.3.11.12. triggertemplate list
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List TriggerTemplates.

Example: List all the TriggerTemplates in a namespace

$ tkn triggertemplate list -n myspace
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5.3.11.13. clustertriggerbinding
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Manage ClusterTriggerBindings.

Example: Display ClusterTriggerBindings help

$ tkn clustertriggerbinding -h
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5.3.11.14. clustertriggerbinding delete
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Delete a ClusterTriggerBinding.

Example: Delete myclusterbinding1 and myclusterbinding2 ClusterTriggerBindings

$ tkn clustertriggerbinding delete myclusterbinding1 myclusterbinding2
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5.3.11.15. clustertriggerbinding describe
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Describe a ClusterTriggerBinding.

Example: Describe the myclusterbinding ClusterTriggerBinding

$ tkn clustertriggerbinding describe myclusterbinding
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5.3.11.16. clustertriggerbinding list
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List ClusterTriggerBindings.

Example: List all ClusterTriggerBindings

$ tkn clustertriggerbinding list
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Legal Notice
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Copyright © 2025 Red Hat

OpenShift documentation is licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0).

Modified versions must remove all Red Hat trademarks.

Portions adapted from https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/service-catalog/ with modifications by Red Hat.

Red Hat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the Red Hat logo, the Shadowman logo, JBoss, OpenShift, Fedora, the Infinity logo, and RHCE are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries.

Linux® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries.

Java® is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

XFS® is a trademark of Silicon Graphics International Corp. or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries.

MySQL® is a registered trademark of MySQL AB in the United States, the European Union and other countries.

Node.js® is an official trademark of Joyent. Red Hat Software Collections is not formally related to or endorsed by the official Joyent Node.js open source or commercial project.

The OpenStack® Word Mark and OpenStack logo are either registered trademarks/service marks or trademarks/service marks of the OpenStack Foundation, in the United States and other countries and are used with the OpenStack Foundation’s permission. We are not affiliated with, endorsed or sponsored by the OpenStack Foundation, or the OpenStack community.

All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

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