Chapter 2. Container-native virtualization user’s guide

Procedure

1. Click Workloads Virtual Machines from the side menu.
2. Click Create Virtual Machine and select Create with Wizard.
3. Fill in all required Basic Settings. Selecting a Template automatically fills in these fields.

4. Click Next to progress to the Networking screen. A nic0 NIC is attached by default.

   1. (Optional) Click Create NIC to create additional NICs.
   2. (Optional) You can remove any or all NICs by clicking the ⋮ button and selecting Remove NIC. A virtual machine does not need a NIC attached to be created. NICs can be created after the virtual machine has been created.

5. Click Next to progress to the Storage screen.

   1. (Optional) Click Create Disk to create additional disks. These disks can be removed by clicking the ⋮ button and selecting Remove Disk.
   2. (Optional) Click on a disk to modify available fields. Click the ✓ button to save the update.
   3. (Optional) Click Attach Disk to choose an available disk from the Select Storage drop-down list.
6. Click Create Virtual Machine >. The Results screen displays the JSON configuration file for the virtual machine.

Procedure

1. Click Workloads Virtual Machines from the side menu.
2. Click Create Virtual Machine and select Create from YAML.

3. Write or paste your virtual machine configuration in the editable window.

   1. Alternatively, use the example virtual machine provided by default in the YAML screen.
4. (Optional) Click Download to download the YAML configuration file in its present state.
5. Click Create to create the virtual machine.

1. Attach the virtual machine disk to the virtual machine by referencing the relevant PVC claimName as a volume.

2. To create a virtual machine with the OpenShift Container Platform client, run this command:

   $ oc create -f <vm.yaml>

3. Since virtual machines are created in a Stopped state, run a virtual machine instance by starting it.

Procedure

1. Ensure you are in the correct namespace. The ConfigMap can only be referenced by DataVolumes if it is in the same namespace.

   $ oc get ns

2. Create the ConfigMap:

   $ oc create configmap <configmap-name> --from-file=</path/to/file/ca.pem>

Procedure

1. In a browser, navigate to VMware Documentation and log in.
2. Click VMware SDK & API Product Documentation to expand.
3. Click VMware Virtual Disk Development Kit (VDDK).
4. Click Latest Releases and select the latest VDDK release.
5. Click Download SDKs to download the VDDK archive file.
6. Save the VDDK archive file in an HTTP-accessible location.

7. Switch to the namespace where you will import the virtual machine:

   $ oc project <namespace>

8. Upload VDDK to the namespace:

   $ cat <<EOF | oc apply -f -
   apiVersion: cdi.kubevirt.io/v1alpha1
   kind: DataVolume
   metadata:
     name: "vddk-pvc"
   spec:
     source:
       http:
         url: "<http://www.example.com/VDDK_archive_file>" 1
     contentType: "archive"
     pvc:
       storageClassName: nfs-sc
       accessModes:
       - ReadWriteMany
       resources:
         requests:
           storage: "200Mi"
   EOF

   1

   <url> is the path of the VDDK archive file.

Procedure

1. Click Workloads Virtual Machines from the side menu.
2. Click Create Virtual Machine and select Create with Wizard.

3. Perform the following procedure in the Basic Settings screen:

   1. Click Provision Source and select Import.
   2. Click Provider and select VMware.

   3. Click vCenter Instance and select Connect to New Instance or a saved vCenter instance.

      • If you select Connect to New Instance, provide values in the following fields and click Check and Save:

        • vCenter Hostname
        • vCenter User Name

        • vCenter Password

          The wizard connects to the vCenter instance and saves the credentials.

          If you clear the Save as New vCenter Instance check box and click Check, the wizard connects to the vCenter instance without saving the credentials.

      • If you select a saved vCenter instance, the wizard connects to it by using the saved credentials.

   4. Click VM to import and select a virtual machine or template.

      The Name and Operating System are filled in automatically with the attributes of the selected virtual machine or template.

   5. Specify the Memory (GB) and number of CPUs if you use the default flavor, Custom.

      Optionally, you can select an existing Flavor.

   6. Select a Workload Profile.
   7. Click Next.

4. Perform the following procedure in the Networking screen:

   1. Click NETWORK CONFIGURATION and select Pod Networking.
   2. Select a BINDING METHOD.
   3. Click the ✓ button to save the update.
   4. Click Next.

5. Perform the following procedure in the Storage screen:

   1. Click each disk and select a STORAGE CLASS. If you do not select a storage class, container-native virtualization uses the default storage class to create the virtual machine.
   2. Click the ✓ button to save the update.
   3. Select a Bootable Disk if you have more than one bootable disk.

   4. Click Create Virtual Machine >.

      The Result screen displays the resources created for the virtual machine.

6. Click Close.

1. Click Workloads Pods from the side menu.
2. Click the conversion pod, kubevirt-v2v-conversion-<id>, to view the pod details.
3. In the Overview tab, click ANNOTATIONS for the v2vConversionProgress value.

1. Click Workloads Pods from the side menu.
2. Click the conversion pod, kubevirt-v2v-conversion-<id>, to view the pod details.
3. Click Logs to view the conversion pod log.

Procedure

1. Log in to the imported virtual machine.
2. Go to the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts directory.

3. Rename the network configuration file with the new NIC name (a single NIC is called eth0):

   $ mv original_NIC ifcfg-ethx

4. Update the following parameters in the network configuration file:

   NAME=ethx
   DEVICE=ethx

5. Restart the network:

   $ systemctl restart network

Procedure

1. Identify an HTTP file server that hosts the virtual disk image that you want to import. You need the complete URL in the correct format:

   • http://www.example.com/path/to/data

2. If your data source requires authentication credentials, edit the endpoint-secret.yaml file, and apply the updated configuration to the cluster:

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Secret
   metadata:
     name: <endpoint-secret>
     labels:
       app: containerized-data-importer
   type: Opaque
   data:
     accessKeyId: "" 1
     secretKey:   "" 2

   1

   Optional: your key or user name, base64 encoded

   2

   Optional: your secret or password, base64 encoded

   $ oc apply -f endpoint-secret.yaml

3. Edit the virtual machine configuration file, specifying the data source for the image you want to import. In this example, a Fedora image is imported:

   apiVersion: kubevirt.io/v1alpha3
   kind: VirtualMachine
   metadata:
     creationTimestamp: null
     labels:
       kubevirt.io/vm: vm-fedora-datavolume
     name: vm-fedora-datavolume
   spec:
     dataVolumeTemplates:
     - metadata:
         creationTimestamp: null
         name: fedora-dv
       spec:
         pvc:
           accessModes:
           - ReadWriteOnce
           resources:
             requests:
               storage: 2Gi
           storageClassName: local
         source:
           http:
             url: https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/28/Cloud/x86_64/images/Fedora-Cloud-Base-28-1.1.x86_64.qcow2 1
             secretRef: "" 2
             certConfigMap: "" 3
       status: {}
     running: false
     template:
       metadata:
         creationTimestamp: null
         labels:
           kubevirt.io/vm: vm-fedora-datavolume
       spec:
         domain:
           devices:
             disks:
             - disk:
                 bus: virtio
               name: datavolumedisk1
           machine:
             type: ""
           resources:
             requests:
               memory: 64M
         terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 0
         volumes:
         - dataVolume:
             name: fedora-dv
           name: datavolumedisk1
   status: {}

   1

   The HTTP source of the image you want to import.

   2

   The secretRef parameter is optional.

   3

   The certConfigMap is only required if the endpoint requires authentication. The referenced ConfigMap must be in the same namespace as the DataVolume.

4. Create the virtual machine:

   $ oc create -f vm-<name>-datavolume.yaml

   Note

   The oc create command creates the DataVolume and the virtual machine. The CDI controller creates an underlying PVC with the correct annotation, and the import process begins. When the import completes, the DataVolume status changes to Succeeded, and the virtual machine is allowed to start.

   DataVolume provisioning happens in the background, so there is no need to monitor it. You can start the virtual machine, and it will not run until the import is complete.

Optional verification steps

1. Run oc get pods and look for the importer Pod. This Pod downloads the image from the specified URL and stores it on the provisioned PV.

2. Monitor the DataVolume status until it shows Succeeded.

   $ oc describe dv <data-label> 1

   1

   The data label for the DataVolume specified in the virtual machine configuration file.

3. To verify that provisioning is complete and that the VMI has started, try accessing its serial console:

   $ virtctl console <vm-fedora-datavolume>

Procedure

1. Click Workloads Virtual Machines from the side menu.
2. Select a Virtual Machine.
3. Click Edit to make editable fields available.
4. You can change the Flavor but only to Custom, which provides additional fields for CPU and Memory.

5. Click Save.

   The values and virtual machine are updated after the operation is processed.

   If the virtual machine is running, changes will not display until the virtual machine is rebooted.

Procedure

1. Click Workloads Virtual Machine from the side menu.
2. Select a virtual machine.
3. Click the YAML tab to display the editable configuration.
4. Optional: You can click Download to download the YAML file locally in its current state.
5. Edit the file and click Save.

Procedure

1. Run the following command to update the virtual machine configuration.

   oc edit

2. Open the object configuration.
3. Edit the YAML.

4. If you edit a running virtual machine, you need to do one of the following:

   • Restart the virtual machine

   • Run the following command for the new configuration to take effect.

     oc apply

Procedure

1. In the container-native virtualization console, click Workloads Virtual Machines from the side menu.

2. Click the ⋮ button of the virtual machine to delete and select Delete Virtual Machine.

   • Alternatively, click the virtual machine name to open the Virtual Machine Details screen and click Actions Delete Virtual Machine.
3. In the confirmation pop-up window, click Delete to permanently delete the virtual machine.

1. Run the following command to delete the virtual machine:

   $ oc delete vm <fedora-vm>

2. Run the following command to delete the PVC associated with the virtual machine.

   $ oc delete pvc <fedora-vm-pvc>

Procedure

1. Edit an Ansible Playbook YAML file so that it includes the kubevirt_vm task:

     kubevirt_vm:
       namespace:
       name:
       cpu_cores:
       memory:
       disks:
         - name:
           volume:
             containerDisk:
               image:
           disk:
             bus:

   Note

   This snippet only includes the kubevirt_vm portion of the playbook.

2. Edit the values to reflect the virtual machine you want to create, including the namespace, the number of cpu_cores, the memory, and the disks. For example:

     kubevirt_vm:
       namespace: default
       name: vm1
       cpu_cores: 1
       memory: 64Mi
       disks:
         - name: containerdisk
           volume:
             containerDisk:
               image: kubevirt/cirros-container-disk-demo:latest
           disk:
             bus: virtio

3. If you want the virtual machine to boot immediately after creation, add state: running to the YAML file. For example:

     kubevirt_vm:
       namespace: default
       name: vm1
       state: running 1
       cpu_cores: 1

   1

   Changing this value to state: absent deletes the virtual machine, if it already exists.

4. Run the ansible-playbook command, using your playbook’s file name as the only argument:

   $ ansible-playbook create-vm.yaml

5. Review the output to determine if the play was successful:

   (...)
   TASK [Create my first VM] ************************************************************************
   changed: [localhost]
   
   PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************
   localhost                  : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

6. If you did not include state: running in your playbook file and you want to boot the VM now, edit the file so that it includes state: running and run the playbook again:

   $ ansible-playbook create-vm.yaml

Procedure

1. Edit the interfaces spec of your virtual machine configuration file:

   kind: VirtualMachine
   spec:
     domain:
       devices:
         interfaces:
           - name: red
             masquerade: {} 1
             ports:
               - port: 80 2
     networks:
     - name: red
       pod: {}

   1

   Connect using masquerade mode

   2

   Allow incoming traffic on port 80

2. Create the virtual machine:

   $ oc create -f <vm-name>.yaml

Procedure

1. Create a new file for the NetworkAttachmentDefinition in any local directory. The file must have the following contents, modified to match your configuration:

   apiVersion: "k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1"
   kind: NetworkAttachmentDefinition
   metadata:
     name: a-bridge-network
     annotations:
       k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/resourceName: bridge.network.kubevirt.io/br0 1
   spec:
     config: '{
       "cniVersion": "0.3.0",
       "name": "a-bridge-network", 2
       "type": "cnv-bridge", 3
       "bridge": "br0", 4
       "isGateway": true,
       "ipam": {}
   }'

   1

   If you add this annotation to your NetworkAttachmentDefinition, your virtual machine instances will only run on nodes that have the br0 bridge connected.

   2

   The name value is part of the annotation you will use in the next step.

   3

   The actual name of the Container Network Interface (CNI) plug-in that provides the network for this NetworkAttachmentDefinition. Do not change this field unless you want to use a different CNI.

   4

   You must substitute the actual name of the bridge, if it is not br0.

   $ oc create -f <resource_spec.yaml>

2. Edit the configuration file of a virtual machine or virtual machine instance that you want to connect to the bridge network:

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: VirtualMachine
   metadata:
     name: example-vm
     annotations:
       k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: a-bridge-network 1
   spec:
   ...

   1

   You must substitute the actual name value from the NetworkAttachmentDefinition.

   In this example, the NetworkAttachmentDefinition and Pod are in the same namespace.

   To specify a different namespace, use the following syntax:

   ...
     annotations:
       k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: <namespace>/a-bridge-network
   ...

3. Apply the configuration file to the resource:

   $ oc create -f <local/path/to/network-attachment-definition.yaml>

Procedure

1. In the correct project in the container-native virtualization console, click Workloads Virtual Machines.
2. Select a virtual machine template.
3. Click Network Interfaces to display the NICs already attached to the virtual machine.
4. Click Create NIC to create a new slot in the list.
5. Fill in the NAME, NETWORK, MAC ADDRESS, and BINDING METHOD for the new NIC.
6. Click the ✓ button to save and attach the NIC to the virtual machine.

Procedure

1. Access the virtual machine command line through one of the consoles or by SSH.

2. Install the QEMU guest agent on the virtual machine:

   $ yum install -y qemu-guest-agent

3. Start the QEMU guest agent service:

   $ systemctl start qemu-guest-agent

4. Ensure the service is persistent:

   $ systemctl enable qemu-guest-agent

Procedure

1. In the container-native virtualization console, click Workloads Virtual Machines.
2. Click the virtual machine name to open the Virtual Machine Overview screen.

Procedure

1. Configure a PXE network on the cluster:

   1. Create the NetworkAttachmentDefinition file for PXE network pxe-net-conf:

      apiVersion: "k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1"
      kind: NetworkAttachmentDefinition
      metadata:
        name: pxe-net-conf
      spec:
        config: '{
            "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
            "name": "pxe-net-conf",
            "plugins": [
              {
                "type": "cnv-bridge",
                "bridge": "br1",
                "ipam": {}
              },
              {
                "type": "cnv-tuning" 1
              }
            ]
          }'

      1

      The cnv-tuning plug-in provides support for custom MAC addresses.

      Note

      The virtual machine instance will be attached to the bridge br1 through an access port with the requested VLAN.

2. Create the NetworkAttachmentDefinition object by using the file you created in the previous step:

   $ oc create -f pxe-net-conf.yaml

3. Edit the virtual machine instance configuration file to include the details of the interface and network.

   1. Specify the network and MAC address, if required by the PXE server. If the MAC address is not specified, a value is assigned automatically. However, note that at this time, MAC addresses assigned automatically are not persistent.

      Ensure that bootOrder is set to 1 so that the interface boots first. In this example, the interface is connected to a network called <pxe-net>:

      interfaces:
      - masquerade: {}
        name: default
      - bridge: {}
        name: pxe-net
        macAddress: de:00:00:00:00:de
        bootOrder: 1

      Note

      Boot order is global for interfaces and disks.

   2. Assign a boot device number to the disk to ensure proper booting after operating system provisioning.

      Set the disk bootOrder value to 2:

      devices:
        disks:
        - disk:
            bus: virtio
          name: containerdisk
          bootOrder: 2

   3. Specify that the network is connected to the previously created NetworkAttachmentDefinition. In this scenario, <pxe-net> is connected to the NetworkAttachmentDefinition called <pxe-net-conf>:

      networks:
      - name: default
        pod: {}
      - name: pxe-net
        multus:
          networkName: pxe-net-conf

4. Create the virtual machine instance:

   $ oc create -f vmi-pxe-boot.yaml
     virtualmachineinstance.kubevirt.io "vmi-pxe-boot" created

5. Wait for the virtual machine instance to run:

   $ oc get vmi vmi-pxe-boot -o yaml | grep -i phase
     phase: Running

6. View the virtual machine instance using VNC:

   $ virtctl vnc vmi-pxe-boot

7. Watch the boot screen to verify that the PXE boot is successful.

8. Log in to the virtual machine instance:

   $ virtctl console vmi-pxe-boot

9. Verify the interfaces and MAC address on the virtual machine and that the interface connected to the bridge has the specified MAC address. In this case, we used eth1 for the PXE boot, without an IP address. The other interface, eth0, got an IP address from OpenShift Container Platform.

   $ ip addr
   ...
   3. eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
      link/ether de:00:00:00:00:de brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

Procedure

1. To explicitly tell the virtual machine instance that it has more memory available than was requested from the cluster, edit the virtual machine configuration file and set spec.domain.memory.guest to a higher value than spec.domain.resources.requests.memory. This process is called memory overcommitment.

   In this example, 1024M is requested from the cluster, but the virtual machine instance is told that it has 2048M available. As long as there is enough free memory available on the node, the virtual machine instance will consume up to 2048M.

   kind: VirtualMachine
   spec:
     template:
       domain:
       resources:
           requests:
             memory: 1024M
       memory:
           guest: 2048M

   Note

   The same eviction rules as those for Pods apply to the virtual machine instance if the node is under memory pressure.

2. Create the virtual machine:

   $ oc create -f <file name>.yaml

Procedure

1. To disable guest memory overhead accounting, edit the YAML configuration file and set the overcommitGuestOverhead value to true. This parameter is disabled by default.

   kind: VirtualMachine
   spec:
     template:
       domain:
       resources:
           overcommitGuestOverhead: true
           requests:
             memory: 1024M

   Note

   If overcommitGuestOverhead is enabled, it adds the guest overhead to memory limits, if present.

2. Create the virtual machine:

   $ oc create -f <file name>.yaml

Procedure

1. In the container-native virtualization console, click Workloads Virtual Machine Templates.
2. Click Create Template and select Create with Wizard.
3. Fill in all required Basic Settings.

4. Click Next to progress to the Networking screen. A NIC that is named nic0 is attached by default.

   1. Optional: Click Create NIC to create additional NICs.
   2. Optional: You can remove any or all NICs by clicking the Options menu and selecting Remove NIC. Virtual machines created from a template do not need a NIC attached. NICs can be created after a virtual machine has been created.

5. Click Next to progress to the Storage screen.

   1. Optional: Click Create Disk to create additional disks.
   2. Optional: Click a disk to modify available fields. Click the ✓ button to save the changes.

   3. Optional: Click Attach Disk to choose an available disk from the Select Storage list.

      Note

      If either URL or Container are selected as the Provision Source in the Basic Settings screen, a rootdisk disk is created and attached to virtual machines as the Bootable Disk. You can modify the rootdisk but you cannot remove it.

      A Bootable Disk is not required for virtual machines provisioned from a PXE source if there are no disks attached to the virtual machine. If one or more disks are attached to the virtual machine, you must select one as the Bootable Disk.

6. Click Create Virtual Machine Template >. The Results screen displays the JSON configuration file for the virtual machine template.

   The template is listed in Workloads Virtual Machine Templates.

Procedure

1. In the container-native virtualization console, click Workloads Virtual Machine Templates.
2. Select a template.
3. Click the YAML tab to display the editable configuration.
4. Edit the file and click Save.

Procedure

1. In the container-native virtualization console, click Workloads Virtual Machine Templates.

2. You can delete the virtual machine template from this pane, which makes it easier to perform actions on multiple templates in the one pane, or from the Virtual Machine Template Details pane where you can view comprehensive details of the selected template:

   • Click the Options menu of the template to delete and select Delete Template.
   • Click the template name to open the Virtual Machine Template Details pane and click Actions Delete Template.
3. In the confirmation pop-up window, click Delete to permanently delete the template.

Procedure

1. Examine the virtual machine disk you want to clone to identify the name and namespace of the associated PVC.

2. Create a YAML file for a DataVolume object that specifies the name of the new DataVolume, the name and namespace of the source PVC, and the size of the new DataVolume.

   For example:

   apiVersion: cdi.kubevirt.io/v1alpha1
   kind: DataVolume
   metadata:
     name: cloner-datavolume 1
   spec:
     source:
       pvc:
         namespace: "<source-namespace>" 2
         name: "<my-favorite-vm-disk>" 3
     pvc:
       accessModes:
         - ReadWriteOnce
       resources:
         requests:
           storage: 500Mi 4

   1

   The name of the new DataVolume.

   2

   The namespace where the source PVC exists.

   3

   The name of the source PVC.

   4

   The size of the new DataVolume. You must allocate enough space, or the cloning operation fails. The size must be the same or larger as the source PVC.

3. Start cloning the PVC by creating the DataVolume:

   $ oc create -f <cloner-datavolume>.yaml

   Note

   DataVolumes prevent a virtual machine from starting before the PVC is prepared, so you can create a virtual machine that references the new DataVolume while the PVC clones.

Procedure

1. Examine the virtual machine you want to clone to identify the name and namespace of the associated PVC.

2. Create a YAML file for a VirtualMachine object. The following virtual machine example clones my-favorite-vm-disk, which is located in the source-namespace namespace. The 2Gi DataVolume called favorite-clone is created from my-favorite-vm-disk.

   For example:

   apiVersion: kubevirt.io/v1alpha3
   kind: VirtualMachine
   metadata:
     labels:
       kubevirt.io/vm: vm-dv-clone
     name: vm-dv-clone 1
   spec:
     running: false
     template:
       metadata:
         labels:
           kubevirt.io/vm: vm-dv-clone
       spec:
         domain:
           devices:
             disks:
             - disk:
                 bus: virtio
               name: root-disk
           resources:
             requests:
               memory: 64M
         volumes:
         - dataVolume:
             name: favorite-clone
           name: root-disk
     dataVolumeTemplates:
     - metadata:
         name: favorite-clone
       spec:
         pvc:
           accessModes:
           - ReadWriteOnce
           resources:
             requests:
               storage: 2Gi
         source:
           pvc:
             namespace: "source-namespace"
             name: "my-favorite-vm-disk"

   1

   The virtual machine to create.

3. Create the virtual machine with the PVC-cloned DataVolume:

   $ oc create -f <vm-clone-datavolumetemplate>.yaml

Procedure

1. Identify the following items:

   • File location of the VM disk image you want to upload
   • Name and size required for the resulting PVC

2. Run the virtctl image-upload command to upload your VM image. You must specify the PVC name, PVC size, and file location. For example:

   $ virtctl image-upload --pvc-name=upload-fedora-pvc --pvc-size=10Gi --image-path=/images/fedora28.qcow2

   Caution

   To allow insecure server connections when using HTTPS, use the --insecure parameter. Be aware that when you use the --insecure flag, the authenticity of the upload endpoint is not verified.

3. To verify that the PVC was created, view all PVC objects:

   $ oc get pvc

Procedure

1. Edit the DataVolume configuration file:

   apiVersion: cdi.kubevirt.io/v1alpha1
   kind: DataVolume
   metadata:
     name: blank-image-datavolume
   spec:
     source:
         blank: {}
     pvc:
       # Optional: Set the storage class or omit to accept the default
       # storageClassName: "hostpath"
       accessModes:
         - ReadWriteOnce
       resources:
         requests:
           storage: 500Mi

2. Create the blank disk image by running the following command:

   $ oc create -f <blank-image-datavolume>.yaml

Procedure

1. In the container-native virtualization console, click Workloads Virtual Machines.

2. You can initiate the migration from this screen, which makes it easier to perform actions on multiple virtual machines in the one screen, or from the Virtual Machine Details screen where you can view comprehensive details of the selected virtual machine:

   • Click the Options menu at the end of virtual machine and select Migrate Virtual Machine.
   • Click the virtual machine name to open the Virtual Machine Details screen and click Actions Migrate Virtual Machine.
3. Click Migrate to migrate the virtual machine to another node.

Procedure

1. Create a VirtualMachineInstanceMigration configuration file for the virtual machine instance to migrate. For example, vmi-migrate.yaml:

   apiVersion: kubevirt.io/v1alpha3
   kind: VirtualMachineInstanceMigration
   metadata:
     name: migration-job
   spec:
     vmiName: vmi-fedora

2. Create the object in the cluster:

   $ oc create -f vmi-migrate.yaml

Procedure

1. In the container-native virtualization console, click Workloads Virtual Machines.

2. You can cancel the migration from this screen, which makes it easier to perform actions on multiple virtual machines in the one screen, or from the Virtual Machine Details screen where you can view comprehensive details of the selected virtual machine:

   • Click the Options menu at the end of virtual machine and select Cancel Virtual Machine Migration.
   • Click the virtual machine name to open the Virtual Machine Details screen and click Actions Cancel Virtual Machine Migration.
3. Click Cancel Migration to cancel the virtual machine live migration.

Procedure

1. Add the evictionStrategy: LiveMigrate option to the spec section in the virtual machine configuration file. This example uses oc edit to update the relevant snippet of the VirtualMachine configuration file:

   $ oc edit vm <custom-vm> -n <my-namespace>

   apiVersion: kubevirt.io/v1alpha3
   kind: VirtualMachine
   metadata:
     name: custom-vm
   spec:
     terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
     evictionStrategy: LiveMigrate
     domain:
       resources:
         requests:
   ...

2. Restart the virtual machine for the update to take effect:

   $ virtctl restart <custom-vm> -n <my-namespace>

Procedure

1. In the container-native virtualization console, click Compute Nodes.

2. You can set the node to maintenance from this screen, which makes it easier to perform actions on multiple nodes in the one screen or from the Node Details screen where you can view comprehensive details of the selected node:

   • Click the Options menu at the end of the node and select Start Maintenance.
   • Click the node name to open the Node Details screen and click Actions Start Maintenance.
3. Click Start Maintenance in the confirmation window.

Procedure

1. Create the node maintenance CR configuration. This example uses a CR that is called node02-maintenance.yaml:

   apiVersion: kubevirt.io/v1alpha1
   kind: NodeMaintenance
   metadata:
     name: node02-maintenance
   spec:
     nodeName: node02
     reason: "Replacing node02"

2. Create the NodeMaintenance object in the cluster:

   $ oc apply -f <node02-maintenance.yaml>

Procedure

1. In the container-native virtualization console, click Compute Nodes.

2. You can resume the node from this screen, which makes it easier to perform actions on multiple nodes in the one screen, or from the Node Details screen where you can view comprehensive details of the selected node:

   • Click the Options menu at the end of the node and select Stop Maintenance.
   • Click the node name to open the Node Details screen and click Actions Stop Maintenance.
3. Click Stop Maintenance in the confirmation window.

Procedure

1. Find the NodeMaintenance object:

   $ oc get nodemaintenance

2. Optional: Insepct the NodeMaintenance object to ensure it is associated with the correct node:

   $ oc describe nodemaintenance <node02-maintenance>

   Name:         node02-maintenance
   Namespace:
   Labels:
   Annotations:
   API Version:  kubevirt.io/v1alpha1
   Kind:         NodeMaintenance
   ...
   Spec:
     Node Name:  node02
     Reason:     Replacing node02

3. Delete the NodeMaintenance object:

   $ oc delete nodemaintenance <node02-maintenance>

Procedure

1. Add the cnv-tech-preview/virtio-win container disk as a cdrom disk in the Windows virtual machine configuration file. The container disk will be downloaded from the registry if it is not already present in the cluster.

   spec:
     domain:
       devices:
         disks:
           - name: virtiocontainerdisk
             bootOrder: 2 1
             cdrom:
               bus: sata
   volumes:
     - containerDisk:
         image: cnv-tech-preview/virtio-win
       name: virtiocontainerdisk

   1

   container-native virtualization boots virtual machine disks in the order defined in the VirtualMachine configuration file. You can either define other disks for the virtual machine before the cnv-tech-preview/virtio-win container disk or use the optional bootOrder parameter to ensure the virtual machine boots from the correct disk. If you specify the bootOrder for a disk, it must be specified for all disks in the configuration.

2. The disk is available once the virtual machine has started:

   • If you add the container disk to a running virtual machine, use oc apply -f <vm.yaml> in the CLI or reboot the virtual machine for the changes to take effect.
   • If the virtual machine is not running, use virtctl start <vm>.

Procedure

1. Start the virtual machine and connect to a graphical console.
2. Log in to a Windows user session.

3. Open Device Manager and expand Other devices to list any Unknown device.

   1. You might need to open the Device Properties to identify the unknown device. Right-click the device and select Properties.
   2. Click the Details tab and select Hardware Ids in the Property list.
   3. Compare the Value for the Hardware Ids with the supported VirtIO drivers.
4. Right-click the device and select Update Driver Software.
5. Click Browse my computer for driver software and browse to the attached SATA CD drive, where the VirtIO drivers are located. The drivers are arranged hierarchically according to their driver type, operating system, and CPU architecture.
6. Click Next to install the driver.
7. Repeat this process for all the necessary VirtIO drivers.
8. After the driver installs, click Close to close the window.
9. Reboot the virtual machine to complete the driver installation.

Procedure

1. Edit the configuration file and remove the disk and the volume.

   $ oc edit vm <vm-name>

   spec:
     domain:
       devices:
         disks:
           - name: virtiocontainerdisk
             bootOrder: 2
             cdrom:
               bus: sata
   volumes:
     - containerDisk:
         image: cnv-tech-preview/virtio-win
       name: virtiocontainerdisk

2. Reboot the virtual machine for the changes to take effect.

Procedure

1. Add the cnv-tech-preview/virtio-win container disk as a cdrom disk in the Windows virtual machine configuration file. The container disk will be downloaded from the registry if it is not already present in the cluster.

   spec:
     domain:
       devices:
         disks:
           - name: virtiocontainerdisk
             bootOrder: 2 1
             cdrom:
               bus: sata
   volumes:
     - containerDisk:
         image: cnv-tech-preview/virtio-win
       name: virtiocontainerdisk

   1

   container-native virtualization boots virtual machine disks in the order defined in the VirtualMachine configuration file. You can either define other disks for the virtual machine before the cnv-tech-preview/virtio-win container disk or use the optional bootOrder parameter to ensure the virtual machine boots from the correct disk. If you specify the bootOrder for a disk, it must be specified for all disks in the configuration.

2. The disk is available once the virtual machine has started:

   • If you add the container disk to a running virtual machine, use oc apply -f <vm.yaml> in the CLI or reboot the virtual machine for the changes to take effect.
   • If the virtual machine is not running, use virtctl start <vm>.

Procedure

1. Start the virtual machine and connect to a graphical console.
2. Begin the Windows installation process.
3. Select the Advanced installation.
4. The storage destination will not be recognized until the driver is loaded. Click Load driver.
5. The drivers are attached as a SATA CD drive. Click OK and browse the CD drive for the storage driver to load. The drivers are arranged hierarchically according to their driver type, operating system, and CPU architecture.
6. Repeat the previous two steps for all required drivers.
7. Complete the Windows installation.

Procedure

1. Edit the configuration file and remove the disk and the volume.

   $ oc edit vm <vm-name>

   spec:
     domain:
       devices:
         disks:
           - name: virtiocontainerdisk
             bootOrder: 2
             cdrom:
               bus: sata
   volumes:
     - containerDisk:
         image: cnv-tech-preview/virtio-win
       name: virtiocontainerdisk

2. Reboot the virtual machine for the changes to take effect.

Procedure

1. In the container-native virtualization console, click Workloads Virtual Machines.
2. Click the virtual machine to open the Virtual Machine Details panel.
3. In the Overview tab, click the virt-launcher-<name> Pod in the POD section.
4. Click Logs.

Procedure

1. Click Workloads Virtual Machines from the side menu.
2. Select a Virtual Machine.
3. Click Events to view all events for the virtual machine.