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Chapter 4. Recovering from data loss with VM snapshots

Restore an Identity Management (IdM) environment by deploying a Virtual Machine (VM) snapshot of a server that includes the Certificate Authority (CA) role. You can use a snapshot to recover from data corruption by re-integrating a restored server into your current topology or by rebuilding a new environment from a single point-in-time image.

4.1. Recovering from only a VM snapshot
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Recreate your Identity Management (IdM) deployment when all servers are lost and only a single Virtual Machine (VM) snapshot of a Certificate Authority (CA) replica remains. You can recreate your environment by booting the snapshot, removing references to the failed servers, and installing new replicas.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Boot the desired snapshot of the CA replica VM.

  2. Remove replication agreements to any lost replicas. 

    [root@server ~]# ipa server-del lost-server1.example.com
     
    [root@server ~]# ipa server-del lost-server2.example.com
...
  3. Install a second CA replica. See Installing an IdM replica.
  4. The VM CA replica is now the CA renewal server. Red Hat recommends promoting another CA replica in the environment to act as the CA renewal server. See Changing and resetting IdM CA renewal server.
  5. Recreate the desired replica topology by deploying additional replicas with the desired services (CA, DNS). See Installing an IdM replica
  6. Update DNS to reflect the new replica topology. If IdM DNS is used, DNS service records are updated automatically.
  7. Verify that IdM clients can reach the IdM servers. See Adjusting IdM Clients during recovery.

Verification

  1. Test the Kerberos server on every replica by successfully retrieving a Kerberos ticket-granting ticket as an IdM user. 

    [root@server ~]# kinit admin
     
    Password for admin@EXAMPLE.COM:

  2. Verify the cached ticket by listing the active credentials. 

    [root@server ~]# klist
     
    Ticket cache: KCM:0
Default principal: admin@EXAMPLE.COM

Valid starting       Expires              Service principal
10/31/2019 15:51:37  11/01/2019 15:51:02  HTTP/server.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM
10/31/2019 15:51:08  11/01/2019 15:51:02  krbtgt/EXAMPLE.COM@EXAMPLE.COM

  3. Test the Directory Server and SSSD configuration on every replica by retrieving user information. 

    [root@server ~]# ipa user-show admin
     
      User login: admin
  Last name: Administrator
  Home directory: /home/admin
  Login shell: /bin/bash
  Principal alias: admin@EXAMPLE.COM
  UID: 1965200000
  GID: 1965200000
  Account disabled: False
  Password: True
  Member of groups: admins, trust admins
  Kerberos keys available: True

  4. Test the CA server on every CA replica with the ipa cert-show command. 

    [root@server ~]# ipa cert-show 1
     
      Issuing CA: ipa
  Certificate: MIIEgjCCAuqgAwIBAgIjoSIP...
  Subject: CN=Certificate Authority,O=EXAMPLE.COM
  Issuer: CN=Certificate Authority,O=EXAMPLE.COM
  Not Before: Thu Oct 31 19:43:29 2019 UTC
  Not After: Mon Oct 31 19:43:29 2039 UTC
  Serial number: 1
  Serial number (hex): 0x1
  Revoked: False

Restore a specific state of your Identity Management (IdM) deployment when a disaster affects some IdM servers while others are still operating properly. You can bring a Certificate Authority (CA) replica back into the environment from a snapshot, re-synchronize it with the remaining servers, and deploy new replicas to return to full capacity.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Remove all replication agreements to the lost servers. See Uninstalling an IdM server.
  2. Boot the desired snapshot of the CA replica VM.

  3. Remove any replication agreements between the restored server and any lost servers. 

    [root@restored-CA-replica ~]# ipa server-del lost-server1.example.com
     
    [root@restored-CA-replica ~]# ipa server-del lost-server2.example.com
...

  4. If the restored server does not have replication agreements to any of the servers still in production, connect the restored server with one of the other servers to update the restored server. 

    [root@restored-CA-replica ~]# ipa topologysegment-add
     
    Suffix name: domain
Left node: restored-CA-replica.example.com
Right node: server3.example.com
Segment name [restored-CA-replica.com-to-server3.example.com]: new_segment
---------------------------
Added segment "new_segment"
---------------------------
  Segment name: new_segment
  Left node: restored-CA-replica.example.com
  Right node: server3.example.com
  Connectivity: both
  5. Review Directory Server error logs at /var/log/dirsrv/slapd-YOUR-INSTANCE/errors to see if the CA replica from the snapshot correctly synchronizes with the remaining IdM servers.

  6. If replication on the restored server fails because its database is too outdated, reinitialize the restored server. 

    [root@restored-CA-replica ~]# ipa-replica-manage re-initialize --from server2.example.com
  7. If the database on the restored server is correctly synchronized, continue by deploying additional replicas with the desired services (CA, DNS) according to Installing an IdM replica.

Verification

  1. Test the Kerberos server on every replica by successfully retrieving a Kerberos ticket-granting ticket as an IdM user. 

    [root@server ~]# kinit admin
     
    Password for admin@EXAMPLE.COM:

  2. Verify the cached ticket by listing the active credentials. 

    [root@server ~]# klist
     
    Ticket cache: KCM:0
Default principal: admin@EXAMPLE.COM

Valid starting       Expires              Service principal
10/31/2019 15:51:37  11/01/2019 15:51:02  HTTP/server.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM
10/31/2019 15:51:08  11/01/2019 15:51:02  krbtgt/EXAMPLE.COM@EXAMPLE.COM

  3. Test the Directory Server and SSSD configuration on every replica by retrieving user information. 

    [root@server ~]# ipa user-show admin
     
      User login: admin
  Last name: Administrator
  Home directory: /home/admin
  Login shell: /bin/bash
  Principal alias: admin@EXAMPLE.COM
  UID: 1965200000
  GID: 1965200000
  Account disabled: False
  Password: True
  Member of groups: admins, trust admins
  Kerberos keys available: True

  4. Test the CA server on every CA replica with the ipa cert-show command. 

    [root@server ~]# ipa cert-show 1
     
      Issuing CA: ipa
  Certificate: MIIEgjCCAuqgAwIBAgIjoSIP...
  Subject: CN=Certificate Authority,O=EXAMPLE.COM
  Issuer: CN=Certificate Authority,O=EXAMPLE.COM
  Not Before: Thu Oct 31 19:43:29 2019 UTC
  Not After: Mon Oct 31 19:43:29 2039 UTC
  Serial number: 1
  Serial number (hex): 0x1
  Revoked: False

4.3. Recovering from a VM snapshot to establish a new IdM environment
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If the Certificate Authority (CA) replica from a restored Virtual Machine (VM) snapshot is unable to replicate with other servers, create a new IdM environment from the VM snapshot.

To establish a new IdM environment, isolate the VM server, create additional replicas from it, and switch IdM clients to the new environment.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Boot the desired snapshot of the CA replica VM.

  2. Isolate the restored server from the rest of the current deployment by removing all of its replication topology segments.

    1. First, display all domain replication topology segments. 

      [root@restored-CA-replica ~]# ipa topologysegment-find
       
      Suffix name: domain
------------------
8 segments matched
------------------
  Segment name: new_segment
  Left node: restored-CA-replica.example.com
  Right node: server2.example.com
  Connectivity: both

...
----------------------------
Number of entries returned 8
----------------------------

    2. Delete all domain topology segments that involve the restored server. 

      [root@restored-CA-replica ~]# ipa topologysegment-del
       
      Suffix name: domain
Segment name: new_segment
-----------------------------
Deleted segment "new_segment"
-----------------------------

    3. Identify the ca topology segments that involve the restored server. 

      [root@restored-CA-replica ~]# ipa topologysegment-find
       
      Suffix name: ca
------------------
1 segments matched
------------------
  Segment name: ca_segment
  Left node: restored-CA-replica.example.com
  Right node: server4.example.com
  Connectivity: both
----------------------------
Number of entries returned 1
----------------------------

    4. Delete all ca topology segments that involve the restored server. 

      [root@restored-CA-replica ~]# ipa topologysegment-del
       
      Suffix name: ca
Segment name: ca_segment
-----------------------------
Deleted segment "ca_segment"
-----------------------------
  3. Install a sufficient number of IdM replicas from the restored server to handle the deployment load. There are now two disconnected IdM deployments running in parallel.
  4. Switch the IdM clients to use the new deployment by hard-coding references to the new IdM replicas. See Adjusting IdM clients during recovery.
  5. Stop and uninstall IdM servers from the previous deployment. See Uninstalling an IdM server.

Verification

  1. Test the Kerberos server on every new replica by successfully retrieving a Kerberos ticket-granting ticket as an IdM user. 

    [root@server ~]# kinit admin
     
    Password for admin@EXAMPLE.COM:

  2. Verify the cached ticket by listing the active credentials. 

    [root@server ~]# klist
     
    Ticket cache: KCM:0
Default principal: admin@EXAMPLE.COM

Valid starting       Expires              Service principal
10/31/2019 15:51:37  11/01/2019 15:51:02  HTTP/server.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM
10/31/2019 15:51:08  11/01/2019 15:51:02  krbtgt/EXAMPLE.COM@EXAMPLE.COM

  3. Test the Directory Server and SSSD configuration on every new replica by retrieving user information. 

    [root@server ~]# ipa user-show admin
     
      User login: admin
  Last name: Administrator
  Home directory: /home/admin
  Login shell: /bin/bash
  Principal alias: admin@EXAMPLE.COM
  UID: 1965200000
  GID: 1965200000
  Account disabled: False
  Password: True
  Member of groups: admins, trust admins
  Kerberos keys available: True

  4. Test the CA server on every new CA replica with the ipa cert-show command. 

    [root@server ~]# ipa cert-show 1
     
      Issuing CA: ipa
  Certificate: MIIEgjCCAuqgAwIBAgIjoSIP...
  Subject: CN=Certificate Authority,O=EXAMPLE.COM
  Issuer: CN=Certificate Authority,O=EXAMPLE.COM
  Not Before: Thu Oct 31 19:43:29 2019 UTC
  Not After: Mon Oct 31 19:43:29 2039 UTC
  Serial number: 1
  Serial number (hex): 0x1
  Revoked: False
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