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Chapter 4. Ceph authentication configuration
As a storage administrator, authenticating users and services is important to the security of the Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster. Red Hat Ceph Storage includes the Cephx protocol, as the default, for cryptographic authentication, and the tools to manage authentication in the storage cluster.
Red Hat Ceph Storage includes the Cephx protocol, as the default, for cryptographic authentication, and the tools to manage authentication in the storage cluster.
As part of the Ceph authentication configuration, consider key rotation for your Ceph and gateway daemons for increased security. Key rotation is done through the command-line, with cephadm. See Enabling key rotation for more details.
Prerequisites
- Installation of the Red Hat Ceph Storage software.
4.1. Cephx authentication
The cephx protocol is enabled by default. Cryptographic authentication has some computational costs, though they are generally quite low. If the network environment connecting clients and hosts is considered safe and you cannot afford authentication computational costs, you can disable it. When deploying a Ceph storage cluster, the deployment tool will create the client.admin user and keyring.
Red Hat recommends using authentication.
If you disable authentication, you are at risk of a man-in-the-middle attack altering client and server messages, which could lead to significant security issues.
Enabling and disabling Cephx
Enabling Cephx requires that you have deployed keys for the Ceph Monitors and OSDs. When toggling Cephx authentication on or off, you do not have to repeat the deployment procedures.
4.2. Enabling Cephx
When cephx is enabled, Ceph will look for the keyring in the default search path, which includes /etc/ceph/$cluster.$name.keyring. You can override this location by adding a keyring option in the [global] section of the Ceph configuration file, but this is not recommended.
Execute the following procedures to enable cephx on a cluster with authentication disabled. If you or your deployment utility have already generated the keys, you may skip the steps related to generating keys.
Prerequisites
- A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
- Root-level access to the Ceph Monitor node.
Procedure
Create a
client.adminkey, and save a copy of the key for your client host:[root@mon ~]# ceph auth get-or-create client.admin mon 'allow *' osd 'allow *' -o /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring
WarningThis will erase the contents of any existing
/etc/ceph/client.admin.keyringfile. Do not perform this step if a deployment tool has already done it for you.Create a keyring for the monitor cluster and generate a monitor secret key:
[root@mon ~]# ceph-authtool --create-keyring /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring --gen-key -n mon. --cap mon 'allow *'
Copy the monitor keyring into a
ceph.mon.keyringfile in every monitormon datadirectory. For example, to copy it tomon.ain clusterceph, use the following:[root@mon ~]# cp /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-a/keyring
Generate a secret key for every OSD, where
IDis the OSD number:ceph auth get-or-create osd.ID mon 'allow rwx' osd 'allow *' -o /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-ID/keyring
By default the
cephxauthentication protocol is enabled.NoteIf the
cephxauthentication protocol was disabled previously by setting the authentication options tonone, then by removing the following lines under the[global]section in the Ceph configuration file (/etc/ceph/ceph.conf) will reenable thecephxauthentication protocol:auth_cluster_required = none auth_service_required = none auth_client_required = none
Start or restart the Ceph storage cluster.
ImportantEnabling
cephxrequires downtime because the cluster needs to be completely restarted, or it needs to be shut down and then started while client I/O is disabled.These flags need to be set before restarting or shutting down the storage cluster:
[root@mon ~]# ceph osd set noout [root@mon ~]# ceph osd set norecover [root@mon ~]# ceph osd set norebalance [root@mon ~]# ceph osd set nobackfill [root@mon ~]# ceph osd set nodown [root@mon ~]# ceph osd set pause
Once
cephxis enabled and all PGs are active and clean, unset the flags:[root@mon ~]# ceph osd unset noout [root@mon ~]# ceph osd unset norecover [root@mon ~]# ceph osd unset norebalance [root@mon ~]# ceph osd unset nobackfill [root@mon ~]# ceph osd unset nodown [root@mon ~]# ceph osd unset pause
4.3. Disabling Cephx
The following procedure describes how to disable Cephx. If your cluster environment is relatively safe, you can offset the computation expense of running authentication.
Red Hat recommends enabling authentication.
However, it may be easier during setup or troubleshooting to temporarily disable authentication.
Prerequisites
- A running Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster.
- Root-level access to the Ceph Monitor node.
Procedure
Disable
cephxauthentication by setting the following options in the[global]section of the Ceph configuration file:Example
auth_cluster_required = none auth_service_required = none auth_client_required = none
- Start or restart the Ceph storage cluster.
4.4. Cephx user keyrings
When you run Ceph with authentication enabled, the ceph administrative commands and Ceph clients require authentication keys to access the Ceph storage cluster.
The most common way to provide these keys to the ceph administrative commands and clients is to include a Ceph keyring under the /etc/ceph/ directory. The file name is usually ceph.client.admin.keyring or $cluster.client.admin.keyring. If you include the keyring under the /etc/ceph/ directory, you do not need to specify a keyring entry in the Ceph configuration file.
Red Hat recommends copying the Red Hat Ceph Storage cluster keyring file to nodes where you will run administrative commands, because it contains the client.admin key.
To do so, execute the following command:
# scp USER@HOSTNAME:/etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring
Replace USER with the user name used on the host with the client.admin key and HOSTNAME with the host name of that host.
Ensure the ceph.keyring file has appropriate permissions set on the client machine.
You can specify the key itself in the Ceph configuration file using the key setting, which is not recommended, or a path to a key file using the keyfile setting.
4.5. Cephx daemon keyrings
Administrative users or deployment tools might generate daemon keyrings in the same way as generating user keyrings. By default, Ceph stores daemons keyrings inside their data directory. The default keyring locations, and the capabilities necessary for the daemon to function.
The monitor keyring contains a key but no capabilities, and is not part of the Ceph storage cluster auth database.
The daemon data directory locations default to directories of the form:
/var/lib/ceph/$type/CLUSTER-ID
Example
/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-12
You can override these locations, but it is not recommended.
4.6. Cephx message signatures
Ceph provides fine-grained control so you can enable or disable signatures for service messages between the client and Ceph. You can enable or disable signatures for messages between Ceph daemons.
Red Hat recommends that Ceph authenticate all ongoing messages between the entities using the session key set up for that initial authentication.
Ceph kernel modules do not support signatures yet.
