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40.2. Generating the Stub Code

Overview
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The asynchronous style of invocation requires extra stub code for the dedicated asynchronous methods defined on the SEI. This special stub code is not generated by default. To switch on the asynchronous feature and generate the requisite stub code, you must use the mapping customization feature from the WSDL 2.0 specification.
Customization enables you to modify the way the Maven code generation plug-in generates stub code. In particular, it enables you to modify the WSDL-to-Java mapping and to switch on certain features. Here, customization is used to switch on the asynchronous invocation feature. Customizations are specified using a binding declaration, which you define using a jaxws:bindings tag (where the jaxws prefix is tied to the http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/jaxws namespace). There are two ways of specifying a binding declaration:
External Binding Declaration
When using an external binding declaration the jaxws:bindings element is defined in a file separate from the WSDL contract. You specify the location of the binding declaration file to code generator when you generate the stub code.
Embedded Binding Declaration
When using an embedded binding declaration you embed the jaxws:bindings element directly in a WSDL contract, treating it as a WSDL extension. In this case, the settings in jaxws:bindings apply only to the immediate parent element.

Using an external binding declaration
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The template for a binding declaration file that switches on asynchronous invocations is shown in Example 40.2, “Template for an Asynchronous Binding Declaration”.

Example 40.2. Template for an Asynchronous Binding Declaration

<bindings xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
          xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
          wsdlLocation="AffectedWSDL"
          xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/jaxws">
  <bindings node="AffectedNode">
    <enableAsyncMapping>true</enableAsyncMapping>
  </bindings>
</bindings>
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Where AffectedWSDL specifies the URL of the WSDL contract that is affected by this binding declaration. The AffectedNode is an XPath value that specifies which node (or nodes) from the WSDL contract are affected by this binding declaration. You can set AffectedNode to wsdl:definitions, if you want the entire WSDL contract to be affected. The jaxws:enableAsyncMapping element is set to true to enable the asynchronous invocation feature.
For example, if you want to generate asynchronous methods only for the GreeterAsync interface, you can specify <bindings node="wsdl:definitions/wsdl:portType[@name='GreeterAsync']"> in the preceding binding declaration.
Assuming that the binding declaration is stored in a file, async_binding.xml, you would set up your POM as shown in Example 40.3, “Consumer Code Generation”.

Example 40.3. Consumer Code Generation

<plugin>
  <groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId>
  <artifactId>cxf-codegen-plugin</artifactId>
  <version>${cxf.version}</version>
  <executions>
    <execution>
      <id>generate-sources</id>
      <phase>generate-sources</phase>
      <configuration>
        <sourceRoot>outputDir</sourceRoot>
        <wsdlOptions>
          <wsdlOption>
            <wsdl>hello_world.wsdl</wsdl>
            <extraargs>
              <extraarg>-client</extraarg>
              <extraarg>-b async_binding.xml</extraarg>
            </extraargs>
          </wsdlOption>
        </wsdlOptions>
      </configuration>
      <goals>
        <goal>wsdl2java</goal>
      </goals>
    </execution>
  </executions>
</plugin>
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The -b option tells the code generator where to locate the external binding file.
For more information on the code generator see cxf-codegen-plugin.

Using an embedded binding declaration
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You can also embed the binding customization directly into the WSDL document defining the service by placing the jaxws:bindings element and its associated jaxws:enableAsynchMapping child directly into the WSDL. You also must add a namespace declaration for the jaxws prefix.
Example 40.4, “WSDL with Embedded Binding Declaration for Asynchronous Mapping” shows a WSDL file with an embedded binding declaration that activates the asynchronous mapping for an operation.

Example 40.4. WSDL with Embedded Binding Declaration for Asynchronous Mapping

<wsdl:definitions xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
                  ...
                  xmlns:jaxws="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/jaxws"
                  ...>
  ...
  <wsdl:portType name="GreeterAsync">
    <wsdl:operation name="greetMeSometime">
      <jaxws:bindings>
        <jaxws:enableAsyncMapping>true</jaxws:enableAsyncMapping>
      </jaxws:bindings>
      <wsdl:input name="greetMeSometimeRequest"
                  message="tns:greetMeSometimeRequest"/>
      <wsdl:output name="greetMeSometimeResponse"
                   message="tns:greetMeSometimeResponse"/>
    </wsdl:operation>
  </wsdl:portType>
  ...
</wsdl:definitions>
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When embedding the binding declaration into the WSDL document you can control the scope affected by the declaration by changing where you place the declaration. When the declaration is placed as a child of the wsdl:definitions element the code generator creates asynchronous methods for all of the operations defined in the WSDL document. If it is placed as a child of a wsdl:portType element the code generator creates asynchronous methods for all of the operations defined in the interface. If it is placed as a child of a wsdl:operation element the code generator creates asynchronous methods for only that operation.
It is not necessary to pass any special options to the code generator when using embedded declarations. The code generator will recognize them and act accordingly.

Generated interface
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After generating the stub code in this way, the GreeterAsync SEI (in the file GreeterAsync.java) is defined as shown in Example 40.5, “Service Endpoint Interface with Methods for Asynchronous Invocations”.

Example 40.5. Service Endpoint Interface with Methods for Asynchronous Invocations

package org.apache.hello_world_async_soap_http;

import org.apache.hello_world_async_soap_http.types.GreetMeSometimeResponse;
...

public interface GreeterAsync
{
  public Future<?> greetMeSometimeAsync(
        java.lang.String requestType,
        AsyncHandler<GreetMeSometimeResponse> asyncHandler
    );

    public Response<GreetMeSometimeResponse> greetMeSometimeAsync(
        java.lang.String requestType
    );

    public java.lang.String greetMeSometime(
        java.lang.String requestType
    );
}
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In addition to the usual synchronous method, greetMeSometime(), two asynchronous methods are also generated for the greetMeSometime operation:
  • Callback approach
    public Future<?> greetMeSomtimeAsync(java.lang.String requestType,
                                         AsyncHandler<GreetMeSomtimeResponse> asyncHandler);
  • Polling approach
    public Response<GreetMeSomeTimeResponse> greetMeSometimeAsync(java.lang.String requestType);
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