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Chapter 3. Deploying workloads on public cloud


You can deploy OpenShift sandboxed containers workloads on AWS Cloud Computing Services and Microsoft Azure Cloud Computing Services.

Cluster requirements

  • You have installed Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13 or later.
  • Your cluster has at least one worker node.

3.1. Deploying workloads on AWS

You can deploy OpenShift sandboxed containers workloads on AWS Cloud Computing Services by using the OpenShift Container Platform web console or the command line interface (CLI).

Deployment workflow

  1. Enable ports.
  2. Create a secret for AWS.
  3. Create a config map for AWS.
  4. Create a KataConfig custom resource.
  5. Optional: Modify the peer pod VM limit per node.
  6. Configure your workload objects to use the kata-remote runtime class.

3.1.1. Preparing your environment

Perform the following steps to prepare your environment:

  1. Ensure that your cluster has sufficient resources.
  2. Install the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator.
  3. Enable ports 15150 and 9000 to allow internal communication with peer pods.

3.1.1.1. Resource requirements

Peer pod virtual machines (VMs) require resources in two locations:

  • The worker node. The worker node stores metadata, Kata shim resources (containerd-shim-kata-v2), remote-hypervisor resources (cloud-api-adaptor), and the tunnel setup between the worker nodes and the peer pod VM.
  • The cloud instance. This is the actual peer pod VM running in the cloud.

The CPU and memory resources used in the Kubernetes worker node are handled by the pod overhead included in the RuntimeClass (kata-remote) definition used for creating peer pods.

The total number of peer pod VMs running in the cloud is defined as Kubernetes Node extended resources. This limit is per node and is set by the limit attribute in the peerpodConfig custom resource (CR).

The peerpodConfig CR, named peerpodconfig-openshift, is created when you create the kataConfig CR and enable peer pods, and is located in the openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator namespace.

The following peerpodConfig CR example displays the default spec values:

apiVersion: confidentialcontainers.org/v1alpha1
kind: PeerPodConfig
metadata:
  name: peerpodconfig-openshift
  namespace: openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
spec:
  cloudSecretName: peer-pods-secret
  configMapName: peer-pods-cm
  limit: "10" 1
  nodeSelector:
    node-role.kubernetes.io/kata-oc: ""
1
The default limit is 10 VMs per node.

The extended resource is named kata.peerpods.io/vm, and enables the Kubernetes scheduler to handle capacity tracking and accounting.

You can edit the limit per node based on the requirements for your environment. See "Modifying the VM limit per node in peer pods" for more information.

A mutating webhook adds the extended resource kata.peerpods.io/vm to the pod specification. It also removes any resource-specific entries from the pod specification, if present. This enables the Kubernetes scheduler to account for these extended resources, ensuring the peer pod is only scheduled when resources are available.

The mutating webhook modifies a Kubernetes pod as follows:

  • The mutating webhook checks the pod for the expected RuntimeClassName value, specified in the TARGET_RUNTIME_CLASS environment variable. If the value in the pod specification does not match the value in the TARGET_RUNTIME_CLASS, the webhook exits without modifying the pod.
  • If the RuntimeClassName values match, the webhook makes the following changes to the pod spec:

    1. The webhook removes every resource specification from the resources field of all containers and init containers in the pod.
    2. The webhook adds the extended resource (kata.peerpods.io/vm) to the spec by modifying the resources field of the first container in the pod. The extended resource kata.peerpods.io/vm is used by the Kubernetes scheduler for accounting purposes.
Note

The mutating webhook excludes specific system namespaces in OpenShift Container Platform from mutation. If a peer pod is created in those system namespaces, then resource accounting using Kubernetes extended resources does not work unless the pod spec includes the extended resource.

As a best practice, define a cluster-wide policy to only allow peer pod creation in specific namespaces.

3.1.1.2. Enabling ports for AWS

You must enable ports 15150 and 9000 to allow internal communication with peer pods running on AWS.

Prerequisites

  • You have installed the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator.
  • You have installed the AWS command line tool.
  • You have access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role.

Procedure

  1. Log in to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster and retrieve the instance ID:

    $ INSTANCE_ID=$(oc get nodes -l 'node-role.kubernetes.io/worker' -o jsonpath='{.items[0].spec.providerID}' | sed 's#[^ ]*/##g')
  2. Retrieve the AWS region:

    $ AWS_REGION=$(oc get infrastructure/cluster -o jsonpath='{.status.platformStatus.aws.region}')
  3. Retrieve the security group IDs and store them in an array:

    $ AWS_SG_IDS=($(aws ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids ${INSTANCE_ID} --query 'Reservations[*].Instances[*].SecurityGroups[*].GroupId' --output text --region $AWS_REGION))
  4. For each security group ID, authorize the peer pods shim to access kata-agent communication, and set up the peer pods tunnel:

    $ for AWS_SG_ID in "${AWS_SG_IDS[@]}"; do
    
        aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress --group-id $AWS_SG_ID --protocol tcp --port 15150 --source-group $AWS_SG_ID --region $AWS_REGION
    
        aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress --group-id $AWS_SG_ID --protocol tcp --port 9000 --source-group $AWS_SG_ID --region $AWS_REGION
    
    done

The ports are now enabled.

3.1.1.3. Installing the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator

You can install the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator by using the OpenShift Container Platform web console or command line interface (CLI).

3.1.1.3.1. Installing the Operator by using the web console

You can install the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator by using the Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform web console.

Prerequisites

  • You have access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role.

Procedure

  1. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, navigate to Operators OperatorHub.
  2. In the Filter by keyword field, type OpenShift sandboxed containers.
  3. Select the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator tile and click Install.
  4. On the Install Operator page, select stable from the list of available Update Channel options.
  5. Verify that Operator recommended Namespace is selected for Installed Namespace. This installs the Operator in the mandatory openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator namespace. If this namespace does not yet exist, it is automatically created.

    Note

    Attempting to install the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator in a namespace other than openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator causes the installation to fail.

  6. Verify that Automatic is selected for Approval Strategy. Automatic is the default value, and enables automatic updates to OpenShift sandboxed containers when a new z-stream release is available.
  7. Click Install.

The OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator is now installed on your cluster.

Verification

  1. Navigate to Operators Installed Operators.
  2. Verify that the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator is displayed.
3.1.1.3.2. Installing the Operator by using the CLI

You can install the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator by using the CLI.

Prerequisites

  • You have installed the OpenShift CLI (oc).
  • You have access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role.

Procedure

  1. Create a Namespace.yaml manifest file:

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Namespace
    metadata:
      name: openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
  2. Create the namespace by running the following command:

    $ oc create -f Namespace.yaml
  3. Create an OperatorGroup.yaml manifest file:

    apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1
    kind: OperatorGroup
    metadata:
      name: openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
      namespace: openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
    spec:
      targetNamespaces:
      - openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
  4. Create the operator group by running the following command:

    $ oc create -f OperatorGroup.yaml
  5. Create a Subscription.yaml manifest file:

    apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1alpha1
    kind: Subscription
    metadata:
      name: openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
      namespace: openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
    spec:
      channel: stable
      installPlanApproval: Automatic
      name: sandboxed-containers-operator
      source: redhat-operators
      sourceNamespace: openshift-marketplace
      startingCSV: sandboxed-containers-operator.v1.6.0
  6. Create the subscription by running the following command:

    $ oc create -f Subscription.yaml

The OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator is now installed on your cluster.

Verification

  • Ensure that the Operator is correctly installed by running the following command:

    $ oc get csv -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator

    Example output

    NAME                             DISPLAY                                  VERSION             REPLACES                   PHASE
    openshift-sandboxed-containers   openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator  1.6.0    1.5.3        Succeeded

3.1.1.3.3. Additional resources

3.1.2. Deploying workloads by using the web console

You can deploy OpenShift sandboxed containers workloads by using the web console.

3.1.2.1. Creating a secret

You must create a Secret object on your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. The secret stores cloud provider credentials for creating the pod virtual machine (VM) image and peer pod instances. By default, the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator creates the secret based on the credentials used to create the cluster. However, you can manually create a secret that uses different credentials.

Prerequisites

  • AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
  • AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY

    You can generate these values in the AWS console.

Procedure

  1. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, navigate to Operators Installed Operators.
  2. Click the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator tile.
  3. Click the Import icon (+) on the top right corner.
  4. In the Import YAML window, paste the following YAML manifest:

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Secret
    metadata:
      name: peer-pods-secret
      namespace: openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
    type: Opaque
    stringData:
      AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: "<aws_access_key>" 1
      AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: "<aws_secret_access_key>" 2
    1
    Specify the AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID value.
    2
    Specify the AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY value.
  5. Click Save to apply the changes.
Note

If you update the peer pods secret, you must restart the peerpodconfig-ctrl-caa-daemon DaemonSet to apply the changes.

After you update the secret, click Save to apply the changes. Then restart the cloud-api-adaptor pods by running the following command:

$ oc set env ds/peerpodconfig-ctrl-caa-daemon -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator REBOOT="$(date)"

Restarting a daemon set recreates peer pods. It does not update existing pods.

Verification

  • Navigate to Workloads Secrets to view the secret.

3.1.2.2. Creating a config map

You must create a config map on your OpenShift Container Platform cluster for your cloud provider.

You must set the Amazon Machine Image (AMI) ID. You can retrieve this value before you create the config map.

Procedure

  1. Obtain the following values from your AWS instance:

    1. Retrieve and record the instance ID:

      $ INSTANCE_ID=$(oc get nodes -l 'node-role.kubernetes.io/worker' -o jsonpath='{.items[0].spec.providerID}' | sed 's#[^ ]*/##g')

      This is used to retrieve other values for the secret object.

    2. Retrieve and record the AWS region:

      $ AWS_REGION=$(oc get infrastructure/cluster -o jsonpath='{.status.platformStatus.aws.region}') && echo "AWS_REGION: \"$AWS_REGION\""
    3. Retrieve and record the AWS subnet ID:

      $ AWS_SUBNET_ID=$(aws ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids ${INSTANCE_ID} --query 'Reservations[*].Instances[*].SubnetId' --region ${AWS_REGION} --output text) && echo "AWS_SUBNET_ID: \"$AWS_SUBNET_ID\""
    4. Retrieve and record the AWS VPC ID:

      $ AWS_VPC_ID=$(aws ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids ${INSTANCE_ID} --query 'Reservations[*].Instances[*].VpcId' --region ${AWS_REGION} --output text) && echo "AWS_VPC_ID: \"$AWS_VPC_ID\""
    5. Retrieve and record the AWS security group IDs:

      $ AWS_SG_IDS=$(aws ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids ${INSTANCE_ID} --query 'Reservations[*].Instances[*].SecurityGroups[*].GroupId' --region ${AWS_REGION} --output text)
      && echo "AWS_SG_IDS: \"$AWS_SG_IDS\""
  2. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, navigate to Operators Installed Operators.
  3. Select the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator from the list of operators.
  4. Click the Import icon (+) in the top right corner.
  5. In the Import YAML window, paste the following YAML manifest:

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: peer-pods-cm
      namespace: openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
    data:
      CLOUD_PROVIDER: "aws"
      VXLAN_PORT: "9000"
      PODVM_INSTANCE_TYPE: "t3.medium" 1
      PODVM_INSTANCE_TYPES: "t2.small,t2.medium,t3.large" 2
      PROXY_TIMEOUT: "5m"
      DISABLECVM: "true"
      PODVM_AMI_ID: "<podvm_ami_id>" 3
      AWS_REGION: "<aws_region>" 4
      AWS_SUBNET_ID: "<aws_subnet_id>" 5
      AWS_VPC_ID: "<aws_vpc_id>" 6
      AWS_SG_IDS: "<aws_sg_ids>" 7
    1
    Defines the default instance type that is used when a type is not defined in the workload.
    2
    Lists all of the instance types you can specify when creating the pod. This allows you to define smaller instance types for workloads that need less memory and fewer CPUs or larger instance types for larger workloads.
    3
    Optional: By default, this value is populated when you run the KataConfig CR, using an AMI ID based on your cluster credentials. If you create your own AMI, specify the correct AMI ID.
    4
    Specify the AWS_REGION value you retrieved.
    5
    Specify the AWS_SUBNET_ID value you retrieved.
    6
    Specify the AWS_VPC_ID value you retrieved.
    7
    Specify the AWS_SG_IDS value you retrieved.
  6. Click Save to apply the changes.

    A config map is created for your cloud provider.

Note

If you update the peer pods config map, you must restart the peerpodconfig-ctrl-caa-daemon daemonset to apply the changes.

After you update the config map, click Save to apply the changes. Then restart the cloud-api-adaptor pods by running the following command:

$ oc set env ds/peerpodconfig-ctrl-caa-daemon -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator REBOOT="$(date)"

Restarting the daemonset recreates the peer pods. It does not update the existing pods.

Verification

  • Navigate to Workloads ConfigMaps to view the new config map.

3.1.2.3. Creating a KataConfig custom resource

You must create a KataConfig custom resource (CR) to install kata-remote as a RuntimeClass on your worker nodes.

The kata-remote runtime class is installed on all worker nodes by default. If you want to install kata-remote only on specific nodes, you can add labels to those nodes and then define the label in the KataConfig CR.

OpenShift sandboxed containers installs kata-remote as a secondary, optional runtime on the cluster and not as the primary runtime.

Important

Creating the KataConfig CR automatically reboots the worker nodes. The reboot can take from 10 to more than 60 minutes. The following factors might increase the reboot time:

  • A larger OpenShift Container Platform deployment with a greater number of worker nodes.
  • Activation of the BIOS and Diagnostics utility.
  • Deployment on a hard disk drive rather than an SSD.
  • Deployment on physical nodes such as bare metal, rather than on virtual nodes.
  • A slow CPU and network.

Prerequisites

  • You have access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role.

Procedure

  1. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, navigate to Operators Installed Operators.
  2. Select the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator.
  3. On the KataConfig tab, click Create KataConfig.
  4. Enter the following details:

    • Name: Optional: The default name is example-kataconfig.
    • Labels: Optional: Enter any relevant, identifying attributes to the KataConfig resource. Each label represents a key-value pair.
    • enablePeerPods: Select for public cloud, IBM Z®, and IBM® LinuxONE deployments.
    • kataConfigPoolSelector. Optional: To install kata-remote on selected nodes, add a match expression for the labels on the selected nodes:

      1. Expand the kataConfigPoolSelector area.
      2. In the kataConfigPoolSelector area, expand matchExpressions. This is a list of label selector requirements.
      3. Click Add matchExpressions.
      4. In the Key field, enter the label key the selector applies to.
      5. In the Operator field, enter the key’s relationship to the label values. Valid operators are In, NotIn, Exists, and DoesNotExist.
      6. Expand the Values area and then click Add value.
      7. In the Value field, enter true or false for key label value.
    • logLevel: Define the level of log data retrieved for nodes with the kata-remote runtime class.
  5. Click Create. The KataConfig CR is created and installs the kata-remote runtime class on the worker nodes.

    Wait for the kata-remote installation to complete and the worker nodes to reboot before verifying the installation.

Verification

  1. On the KataConfig tab, click the KataConfig CR to view its details.
  2. Click the YAML tab to view the status stanza.

    The status stanza contains the conditions and kataNodes keys. The value of status.kataNodes is an array of nodes, each of which lists nodes in a particular state of kata-remote installation. A message appears each time there is an update.

  3. Click Reload to refresh the YAML.

    When all workers in the status.kataNodes array display the values installed and conditions.InProgress: False with no specified reason, the kata-remote is installed on the cluster.

See KataConfig status messages for details.

3.1.2.3.1. Optional: Verifying the pod VM image

After kata-remote is installed on your cluster, the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator creates a pod VM image, which is used to create peer pods. This process can take a long time because the image is created on the cloud instance. You can verify that the pod VM image was created successfully by checking the config map that you created for the cloud provider.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to Workloads ConfigMaps.
  2. Click the provider config map to view its details.
  3. Click the YAML tab.
  4. Check the status stanza of the YAML file.

    If the PODVM_AMI_ID parameter is populated, the pod VM image was created successfully.

Troubleshooting

  1. Retrieve the events log by running the following command:

    $ oc get events -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator --field-selector involvedObject.name=osc-podvm-image-creation
  2. Retrieve the job log by running the following command:

    $ oc logs -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator jobs/osc-podvm-image-creation

If you cannot resolve the issue, submit a Red Hat Support case and attach the output of both logs.

3.1.2.4. Optional: Modifying the number of peer pod VMs per node

You can change the limit of peer pod virtual machines (VMs) per node by editing the peerpodConfig custom resource (CR).

Procedure

  1. Check the current limit by running the following command:

    $ oc get peerpodconfig peerpodconfig-openshift -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator \
    -o jsonpath='{.spec.limit}{"\n"}'
  2. Modify the limit attribute of the peerpodConfig CR by running the following command:

    $ oc patch peerpodconfig peerpodconfig-openshift -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator \
    --type merge --patch '{"spec":{"limit":"<value>"}}' 1
    1
    Replace <value> with the limit you want to define.

3.1.2.5. Configuring workload objects

You deploy an OpenShift sandboxed containers workload by configuring kata-remote as the runtime class for the following pod-templated objects:

  • Pod objects
  • ReplicaSet objects
  • ReplicationController objects
  • StatefulSet objects
  • Deployment objects
  • DeploymentConfig objects
Important

Do not deploy workloads in the openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator namespace. Create a dedicated namespace for these resources.

You can define whether the workload should be deployed using the default instance type, which you defined in the config map, by adding an annotation to the YAML file.

If you do not want to define the instance type manually, you can add an annotation to use an automatic instance type, based on the memory available.

Prerequisites

  • You have created a secret object for your provider.
  • You have created a config map for your provider.
  • You have created a KataConfig custom resource (CR).

Procedure

  1. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, navigate to Workloads workload type, for example, Pods.
  2. On the workload type page, click an object to view its details.
  3. Click the YAML tab.
  4. Add spec.runtimeClassName: kata-remote to the manifest of each pod-templated workload object as in the following example:

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: <object>
    # ...
    spec:
      runtimeClassName: kata-remote
    # ...
  5. Add an annotation to the pod-templated object to use a manually defined instance type or an automatic instance type:

    • To use a manually defined instance type, add the following annotation:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: <object>
      metadata:
        annotations:
          io.katacontainers.config.hypervisor.machine_type: t3.medium 1
      # ...
      1
      Specify the instance type that you defined in the config map.
    • To use an automatic instance type, add the following annotations:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: <Pod>
      metadata:
        annotations:
          io.katacontainers.config.hypervisor.default_vcpus: <vcpus>
          io.katacontainers.config.hypervisor.default_memory: <memory>
      # ...

      Define the amount of memory available for the workload to use. The workload will run on an automatic instance type based on the amount of memory available.

  6. Click Save to apply the changes.

    OpenShift Container Platform creates the workload object and begins scheduling it.

Verification

  • Inspect the spec.runtimeClassName field of a pod-templated object. If the value is kata-remote, then the workload is running on OpenShift sandboxed containers, using peer pods.

3.1.3. Deploying workloads by using the command line

You can deploy OpenShift sandboxed containers workloads by using the command line.

3.1.3.1. Creating a secret

You must create a Secret object on your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. The secret stores cloud provider credentials for creating the pod virtual machine (VM) image and peer pod instances. By default, the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator creates the secret based on the credentials used to create the cluster. However, you can manually create a secret that uses different credentials.

Prerequisites

  • AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
  • AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY

    You can generate these values in the AWS console.

Procedure

  1. Create a peer-pods-secret.yaml manifest file according to the following example:

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Secret
    metadata:
      name: peer-pods-secret
      namespace: openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
    type: Opaque
    stringData:
      AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: "<aws_access_key>" 1
      AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: "<aws_secret_access_key>" 2
    1
    Specify the AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID value.
    2
    Specify the AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY value.
  2. Create the secret object by applying the manifest:

    $ oc apply -f peer-pods-secret.yaml
Note

If you update the peer pods secret, you must restart the peerpodconfig-ctrl-caa-daemon DaemonSet to apply the changes.

After you update the secret, apply the manifest. Then restart the cloud-api-adaptor pods by running the following command:

$ oc set env ds/peerpodconfig-ctrl-caa-daemon -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator REBOOT="$(date)"

Restarting a daemon set recreates peer pods. It does not update existing pods.

3.1.3.2. Creating a config map

You must create a config map on your OpenShift Container Platform cluster for your cloud provider.

You must set the Amazon Machine Image (AMI) ID. You can retrieve this value before you create the config map.

Procedure

  1. Obtain the following values from your AWS instance:

    1. Retrieve and record the instance ID:

      $ INSTANCE_ID=$(oc get nodes -l 'node-role.kubernetes.io/worker' -o jsonpath='{.items[0].spec.providerID}' | sed 's#[^ ]*/##g')

      This is used to retrieve other values for the secret object.

    2. Retrieve and record the AWS region:

      $ AWS_REGION=$(oc get infrastructure/cluster -o jsonpath='{.status.platformStatus.aws.region}') && echo "AWS_REGION: \"$AWS_REGION\""
    3. Retrieve and record the AWS subnet ID:

      $ AWS_SUBNET_ID=$(aws ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids ${INSTANCE_ID} --query 'Reservations[*].Instances[*].SubnetId' --region ${AWS_REGION} --output text) && echo "AWS_SUBNET_ID: \"$AWS_SUBNET_ID\""
    4. Retrieve and record the AWS VPC ID:

      $ AWS_VPC_ID=$(aws ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids ${INSTANCE_ID} --query 'Reservations[*].Instances[*].VpcId' --region ${AWS_REGION} --output text) && echo "AWS_VPC_ID: \"$AWS_VPC_ID\""
    5. Retrieve and record the AWS security group IDs:

      $ AWS_SG_IDS=$(aws ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids ${INSTANCE_ID} --query 'Reservations[*].Instances[*].SecurityGroups[*].GroupId' --region ${AWS_REGION} --output text)
      && echo "AWS_SG_IDS: \"$AWS_SG_IDS\""
  2. Create a peer-pods-cm.yaml manifest according to the following example:

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: peer-pods-cm
      namespace: openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
    data:
      CLOUD_PROVIDER: "aws"
      VXLAN_PORT: "9000"
      PODVM_INSTANCE_TYPE: "t3.medium" 1
      PODVM_INSTANCE_TYPES: "t2.small,t2.medium,t3.large" 2
      PROXY_TIMEOUT: "5m"
      DISABLECVM: "true"
      PODVM_AMI_ID: "<podvm_ami_id>" 3
      AWS_REGION: "<aws_region>" 4
      AWS_SUBNET_ID: "<aws_subnet_id>" 5
      AWS_VPC_ID: "<aws_vpc_id>" 6
      AWS_SG_IDS: "<aws_sg_ids>" 7
    1
    Defines the default instance type that is used when a type is not defined in the workload.
    2
    Lists all of the instance types you can specify when creating the pod. This allows you to define smaller instance types for workloads that need less memory and fewer CPUs or larger instance types for larger workloads.
    3
    Optional: By default, this value is populated when you run the KataConfig CR, using an AMI ID based on your cluster credentials. If you create your own AMI, specify the correct AMI ID.
    4
    Specify the AWS_REGION value you retrieved.
    5
    Specify the AWS_SUBNET_ID value you retrieved.
    6
    Specify the AWS_VPC_ID value you retrieved.
    7
    Specify the AWS_SG_IDS value you retrieved.
  3. Apply the manifest to create a config map:

    $ oc apply -f peer-pods-cm.yaml

    A config map is created for your cloud provider.

Note

If you update the peer pods config map, you must restart the peerpodconfig-ctrl-caa-daemon daemonset to apply the changes.

After you update the config map, apply the manifest. Then restart the cloud-api-adaptor pods by running the following command:

$ oc set env ds/peerpodconfig-ctrl-caa-daemon -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator REBOOT="$(date)"

Restarting the daemonset recreates the peer pods. It does not update the existing pods.

3.1.3.3. Creating a KataConfig custom resource

You must create a KataConfig custom resource (CR) to install kata-remote as a runtime class on your worker nodes.

Creating the KataConfig CR triggers the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator to do the following:

  • Create a RuntimeClass CR named kata-remote with a default configuration. This enables users to configure workloads to use kata-remote as the runtime by referencing the CR in the RuntimeClassName field. This CR also specifies the resource overhead for the runtime.

OpenShift sandboxed containers installs kata-remote as a secondary, optional runtime on the cluster and not as the primary runtime.

Important

Creating the KataConfig CR automatically reboots the worker nodes. The reboot can take from 10 to more than 60 minutes. Factors that impede reboot time are as follows:

  • A larger OpenShift Container Platform deployment with a greater number of worker nodes.
  • Activation of the BIOS and Diagnostics utility.
  • Deployment on a hard disk drive rather than an SSD.
  • Deployment on physical nodes such as bare metal, rather than on virtual nodes.
  • A slow CPU and network.

Prerequisites

  • You have access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role.

Procedure

  1. Create a cluster-kataconfig.yaml manifest file according to the following example:

    apiVersion: kataconfiguration.openshift.io/v1
    kind: KataConfig
    metadata:
      name: cluster-kataconfig
    spec:
      enablePeerPods: true
      logLevel: info
  2. Optional: To install kata-remote on selected nodes, specify the node labels according to the following example:

    apiVersion: kataconfiguration.openshift.io/v1
    kind: KataConfig
    metadata:
      name: cluster-kataconfig
    spec:
      kataConfigPoolSelector:
        matchLabels:
          <label_key>: '<label_value>' 1
    # ...
    1
    Specify the labels of the selected nodes.
  3. Create the KataConfig CR:

    $ oc create -f cluster-kataconfig.yaml

    The new KataConfig CR is created and installs kata-remote as a runtime class on the worker nodes.

    Wait for the kata-remote installation to complete and the worker nodes to reboot before verifying the installation.

Verification

  • Monitor the installation progress by running the following command:

    $ watch "oc describe kataconfig | sed -n /^Status:/,/^Events/p"

    When the status of all workers under kataNodes is installed and the condition InProgress is False without specifying a reason, the kata-remote is installed on the cluster.

See KataConfig status messages for details.

3.1.3.3.1. Optional: Verifying the pod VM image

After kata-remote is installed on your cluster, the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator creates a pod VM image, which is used to create peer pods. This process can take a long time because the image is created on the cloud instance. You can verify that the pod VM image was created successfully by checking the config map that you created for the cloud provider.

Procedure

  1. Obtain the config map you created for the peer pods:

    $ oc get configmap peer-pods-cm -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator -o yaml
  2. Check the status stanza of the YAML file.

    If the PODVM_AMI_ID parameter is populated, the pod VM image was created successfully.

Troubleshooting

  1. Retrieve the events log by running the following command:

    $ oc get events -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator --field-selector involvedObject.name=osc-podvm-image-creation
  2. Retrieve the job log by running the following command:

    $ oc logs -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator jobs/osc-podvm-image-creation

If you cannot resolve the issue, submit a Red Hat Support case and attach the output of both logs.

3.1.3.4. Optional: Modifying the number of peer pod VMs per node

You can change the limit of peer pod virtual machines (VMs) per node by editing the peerpodConfig custom resource (CR).

Procedure

  1. Check the current limit by running the following command:

    $ oc get peerpodconfig peerpodconfig-openshift -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator \
    -o jsonpath='{.spec.limit}{"\n"}'
  2. Modify the limit attribute of the peerpodConfig CR by running the following command:

    $ oc patch peerpodconfig peerpodconfig-openshift -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator \
    --type merge --patch '{"spec":{"limit":"<value>"}}' 1
    1
    Replace <value> with the limit you want to define.

3.1.3.5. Configuring workload objects

You deploy an OpenShift sandboxed containers workload by configuring kata-remote as the runtime class for the following pod-templated objects:

  • Pod objects
  • ReplicaSet objects
  • ReplicationController objects
  • StatefulSet objects
  • Deployment objects
  • DeploymentConfig objects
Important

Do not deploy workloads in the openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator namespace. Create a dedicated namespace for these resources.

You can define whether the workload should be deployed using the default instance type, which you defined in the config map, by adding an annotation to the YAML file.

If you do not want to define the instance type manually, you can add an annotation to use an automatic instance type, based on the memory available.

Prerequisites

  • You have created a secret object for your provider.
  • You have created a config map for your provider.
  • You have created a KataConfig custom resource (CR).

Procedure

  1. Add spec.runtimeClassName: kata-remote to the manifest of each pod-templated workload object as in the following example:

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: <object>
    # ...
    spec:
      runtimeClassName: kata-remote
    # ...
  2. Add an annotation to the pod-templated object to use a manually defined instance type or an automatic instance type:

    • To use a manually defined instance type, add the following annotation:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: <object>
      metadata:
        annotations:
          io.katacontainers.config.hypervisor.machine_type: t3.medium 1
      # ...
      1
      Specify the instance type that you defined in the config map.
    • To use an automatic instance type, add the following annotations:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: <Pod>
      metadata:
        annotations:
          io.katacontainers.config.hypervisor.default_vcpus: <vcpus>
          io.katacontainers.config.hypervisor.default_memory: <memory>
      # ...

      Define the amount of memory available for the workload to use. The workload will run on an automatic instance type based on the amount of memory available.

  3. Apply the changes to the workload object by running the following command:

    $ oc apply -f <object.yaml>

    OpenShift Container Platform creates the workload object and begins scheduling it.

Verification

  • Inspect the spec.runtimeClassName field of a pod-templated object. If the value is kata-remote, then the workload is running on OpenShift sandboxed containers, using peer pods.

3.2. Deploying workloads on Azure

You can deploy OpenShift sandboxed containers workloads on Microsoft Azure Cloud Computing Services by using the OpenShift Container Platform web console or the command line interface (CLI).

Deployment workflow

  1. Create a secret for your Azure access keys.
  2. Create a config map to define Azure instance sizes and other parameters.
  3. Create an SSH key secret.
  4. Create a KataConfig custom resource.
  5. Optional: Modify the peer pod VM limit per node.
  6. Configure your workload objects to use the kata-remote runtime class.

3.2.1. Preparing your environment

Perform the following steps to prepare your environment:

  1. Ensure that your cluster has sufficient resources.
  2. Install the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator.

3.2.1.1. Resource requirements

Peer pod virtual machines (VMs) require resources in two locations:

  • The worker node. The worker node stores metadata, Kata shim resources (containerd-shim-kata-v2), remote-hypervisor resources (cloud-api-adaptor), and the tunnel setup between the worker nodes and the peer pod VM.
  • The cloud instance. This is the actual peer pod VM running in the cloud.

The CPU and memory resources used in the Kubernetes worker node are handled by the pod overhead included in the RuntimeClass (kata-remote) definition used for creating peer pods.

The total number of peer pod VMs running in the cloud is defined as Kubernetes Node extended resources. This limit is per node and is set by the limit attribute in the peerpodConfig custom resource (CR).

The peerpodConfig CR, named peerpodconfig-openshift, is created when you create the kataConfig CR and enable peer pods, and is located in the openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator namespace.

The following peerpodConfig CR example displays the default spec values:

apiVersion: confidentialcontainers.org/v1alpha1
kind: PeerPodConfig
metadata:
  name: peerpodconfig-openshift
  namespace: openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
spec:
  cloudSecretName: peer-pods-secret
  configMapName: peer-pods-cm
  limit: "10" 1
  nodeSelector:
    node-role.kubernetes.io/kata-oc: ""
1
The default limit is 10 VMs per node.

The extended resource is named kata.peerpods.io/vm, and enables the Kubernetes scheduler to handle capacity tracking and accounting.

You can edit the limit per node based on the requirements for your environment. See "Modifying the VM limit per node in peer pods" for more information.

A mutating webhook adds the extended resource kata.peerpods.io/vm to the pod specification. It also removes any resource-specific entries from the pod specification, if present. This enables the Kubernetes scheduler to account for these extended resources, ensuring the peer pod is only scheduled when resources are available.

The mutating webhook modifies a Kubernetes pod as follows:

  • The mutating webhook checks the pod for the expected RuntimeClassName value, specified in the TARGET_RUNTIME_CLASS environment variable. If the value in the pod specification does not match the value in the TARGET_RUNTIME_CLASS, the webhook exits without modifying the pod.
  • If the RuntimeClassName values match, the webhook makes the following changes to the pod spec:

    1. The webhook removes every resource specification from the resources field of all containers and init containers in the pod.
    2. The webhook adds the extended resource (kata.peerpods.io/vm) to the spec by modifying the resources field of the first container in the pod. The extended resource kata.peerpods.io/vm is used by the Kubernetes scheduler for accounting purposes.
Note

The mutating webhook excludes specific system namespaces in OpenShift Container Platform from mutation. If a peer pod is created in those system namespaces, then resource accounting using Kubernetes extended resources does not work unless the pod spec includes the extended resource.

As a best practice, define a cluster-wide policy to only allow peer pod creation in specific namespaces.

3.2.1.2. Installing the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator

You can install the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator by using the OpenShift Container Platform web console or command line interface (CLI).

3.2.1.2.1. Installing the Operator by using the web console

You can install the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator by using the Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform web console.

Prerequisites

  • You have access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role.

Procedure

  1. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, navigate to Operators OperatorHub.
  2. In the Filter by keyword field, type OpenShift sandboxed containers.
  3. Select the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator tile and click Install.
  4. On the Install Operator page, select stable from the list of available Update Channel options.
  5. Verify that Operator recommended Namespace is selected for Installed Namespace. This installs the Operator in the mandatory openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator namespace. If this namespace does not yet exist, it is automatically created.

    Note

    Attempting to install the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator in a namespace other than openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator causes the installation to fail.

  6. Verify that Automatic is selected for Approval Strategy. Automatic is the default value, and enables automatic updates to OpenShift sandboxed containers when a new z-stream release is available.
  7. Click Install.

The OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator is now installed on your cluster.

Verification

  1. Navigate to Operators Installed Operators.
  2. Verify that the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator is displayed.
3.2.1.2.2. Installing the Operator by using the CLI

You can install the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator by using the CLI.

Prerequisites

  • You have installed the OpenShift CLI (oc).
  • You have access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role.

Procedure

  1. Create a Namespace.yaml manifest file:

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Namespace
    metadata:
      name: openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
  2. Create the namespace by running the following command:

    $ oc create -f Namespace.yaml
  3. Create an OperatorGroup.yaml manifest file:

    apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1
    kind: OperatorGroup
    metadata:
      name: openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
      namespace: openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
    spec:
      targetNamespaces:
      - openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
  4. Create the operator group by running the following command:

    $ oc create -f OperatorGroup.yaml
  5. Create a Subscription.yaml manifest file:

    apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1alpha1
    kind: Subscription
    metadata:
      name: openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
      namespace: openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
    spec:
      channel: stable
      installPlanApproval: Automatic
      name: sandboxed-containers-operator
      source: redhat-operators
      sourceNamespace: openshift-marketplace
      startingCSV: sandboxed-containers-operator.v1.6.0
  6. Create the subscription by running the following command:

    $ oc create -f Subscription.yaml

The OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator is now installed on your cluster.

Verification

  • Ensure that the Operator is correctly installed by running the following command:

    $ oc get csv -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator

    Example output

    NAME                             DISPLAY                                  VERSION             REPLACES                   PHASE
    openshift-sandboxed-containers   openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator  1.6.0    1.5.3        Succeeded

3.2.1.2.3. Additional resources

3.2.2. Deploying workloads by using the web console

You can deploy OpenShift sandboxed containers workloads by using the web console.

3.2.2.1. Creating a secret

You must create a Secret object on your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. The secret stores cloud provider credentials for creating the pod virtual machine (VM) image and peer pod instances. By default, the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator creates the secret based on the credentials used to create the cluster. However, you can manually create a secret that uses different credentials.

Prerequisites

  • You have installed and configured the Azure CLI tool.

Procedure

  1. Retrieve the Azure subscription ID:

    $ AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID=$(az account list --query "[?isDefault].id" -o tsv) && echo "AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID: \"$AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID\""
  2. Generate the RBAC content. This generates the client ID, client secret, and the tenant ID:

    $ az ad sp create-for-rbac --role Contributor --scopes /subscriptions/$AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID --query "{ client_id: appId, client_secret: password, tenant_id: tenant }

    Example output:

    {
      "client_id": `AZURE_CLIENT_ID`,
      "client_secret": `AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET`,
      "tenant_id": `AZURE_TENANT_ID`
    }
  3. Record the RBAC output to use in the secret object.
  4. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, navigate to Operators Installed Operators.
  5. Click the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator tile.
  6. Click the Import icon (+) on the top right corner.
  7. In the Import YAML window, paste the following YAML manifest:

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Secret
    metadata:
      name: peer-pods-secret
      namespace: openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
    type: Opaque
    stringData:
      AZURE_CLIENT_ID: "<azure_client_id>" 1
      AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET: "<azure_client_secret>" 2
      AZURE_TENANT_ID: "<azure_tenant_id>" 3
      AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID: "<azure_subscription_id>" 4
    1
    Specify the AZURE_CLIENT_ID value.
    2
    Specify the AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET value.
    3
    Specify the AZURE_TENANT_ID value.
    4
    Specify the AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID value.
  8. Click Save to apply the changes.
Note

If you update the peer pods secret, you must restart the peerpodconfig-ctrl-caa-daemon DaemonSet to apply the changes.

After you update the secret, click Save to apply the changes. Then restart the cloud-api-adaptor pods by running the following command:

$ oc set env ds/peerpodconfig-ctrl-caa-daemon -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator REBOOT="$(date)"

Restarting a daemon set recreates peer pods. It does not update existing pods.

Verification

  • Navigate to Workloads Secrets to view the secret.

3.2.2.2. Creating a config map

You must create a config map on your OpenShift Container Platform cluster for your cloud provider.

Procedure

  1. Obtain the following values from your Azure instance:

    1. Retrieve and record the Azure VNet name:

      $ AZURE_VNET_NAME=$(az network vnet list --resource-group ${AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP} --query "[].{Name:name}" --output tsv)

      This value is used to retrieve the Azure subnet ID.

    2. Retrieve and record the Azure subnet ID:

      $ AZURE_SUBNET_ID=$(az network vnet subnet list --resource-group ${AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP} --vnet-name $AZURE_VNET_NAME --query "[].{Id:id} | [? contains(Id, 'worker')]" --output tsv) && echo "AZURE_SUBNET_ID: \"$AZURE_SUBNET_ID\""
    3. Retrieve and record the Azure network security group (NSG) ID:

      $ AZURE_NSG_ID=$(az network nsg list --resource-group ${AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP} --query "[].{Id:id}" --output tsv) && echo "AZURE_NSG_ID: \"$AZURE_NSG_ID\""
    4. Retrieve and record the Azure resource group:

      $ AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP=$(oc get infrastructure/cluster -o jsonpath='{.status.platformStatus.azure.resourceGroupName}') && echo "AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP: \"$AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP\""
    5. Retrieve and record the Azure region:

      $ AZURE_REGION=$(az group show --resource-group ${AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP} --query "{Location:location}" --output tsv) && echo "AZURE_REGION: \"$AZURE_REGION\""
  2. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, navigate to Operators Installed Operators.
  3. Select the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator from the list of operators.
  4. Click the Import icon (+) in the top right corner.
  5. In the Import YAML window, paste the following YAML manifest:

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: peer-pods-cm
      namespace: openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
    data:
      CLOUD_PROVIDER: "azure"
      VXLAN_PORT: "9000"
      AZURE_INSTANCE_SIZE: "Standard_B2als_v2" 1
      AZURE_INSTANCE_SIZES: "Standard_B2als_v2,Standard_D2as_v5,Standard_D4as_v5,Standard_D2ads_v5" 2
      AZURE_SUBNET_ID: "<azure_subnet_id>" 3
      AZURE_NSG_ID: "<azure_nsg_id>" 4
      PROXY_TIMEOUT: "5m"
      DISABLECVM: "true"
      AZURE_IMAGE_ID: "<azure_image_id>" 5
      AZURE_REGION: "<azure_region>" 6
      AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP: "<azure_resource_group>" 7
    1
    Defines the default instance size that is used when a type is not defined in the workload.
    2
    Lists all of the instance sizes you can specify when creating the pod. This allows you to define smaller instance sizes for workloads that need less memory and fewer CPUs or larger instance sizes for larger workloads.
    3
    Specify the AZURE_SUBNET_ID value that you retrieved.
    4
    Specify the AZURE_NSG_ID value that you retrieved.
    5
    Optional: By default, this value is populated when you run the KataConfig CR, using an Azure image ID based on your cluster credentials. If you create your own Azure image, specify the correct image ID.
    6
    Specify the AZURE_REGION value you retrieved.
    7
    Specify the AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP value you retrieved.
  6. Click Save to apply the changes.

    A config map is created for your cloud provider.

Note

If you update the peer pods config map, you must restart the peerpodconfig-ctrl-caa-daemon daemonset to apply the changes.

After you update the config map, click Save to apply the changes. Then restart the cloud-api-adaptor pods by running the following command:

$ oc set env ds/peerpodconfig-ctrl-caa-daemon -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator REBOOT="$(date)"

Restarting the daemonset recreates the peer pods. It does not update the existing pods.

Verification

  • Navigate to Workloads ConfigMaps to view the new config map.

3.2.2.3. Creating an SSH key secret

You must create an SSH key secret object for Azure.

Procedure

  1. Log in to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
  2. Generate an SSH key pair by running the following command:

    $ ssh-keygen -f ./id_rsa -N ""
  3. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, navigate to Workloads Secrets.
  4. On the Secrets page, verify that you are in the openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator project.
  5. Click Create and select Key/value secret.
  6. In the Secret name field, enter ssh-key-secret.
  7. In the Key field, enter id_rsa.pub.
  8. In the Value field, paste your public SSH key.
  9. Click Create.

    The SSH key secret is created.

  10. Delete the SSH keys you created:

    $ shred -remove id_rsa.pub id_rsa

3.2.2.4. Creating a KataConfig custom resource

You must create a KataConfig custom resource (CR) to install kata-remote as a RuntimeClass on your worker nodes.

The kata-remote runtime class is installed on all worker nodes by default. If you want to install kata-remote only on specific nodes, you can add labels to those nodes and then define the label in the KataConfig CR.

OpenShift sandboxed containers installs kata-remote as a secondary, optional runtime on the cluster and not as the primary runtime.

Important

Creating the KataConfig CR automatically reboots the worker nodes. The reboot can take from 10 to more than 60 minutes. The following factors might increase the reboot time:

  • A larger OpenShift Container Platform deployment with a greater number of worker nodes.
  • Activation of the BIOS and Diagnostics utility.
  • Deployment on a hard disk drive rather than an SSD.
  • Deployment on physical nodes such as bare metal, rather than on virtual nodes.
  • A slow CPU and network.

Prerequisites

  • You have access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role.

Procedure

  1. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, navigate to Operators Installed Operators.
  2. Select the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator.
  3. On the KataConfig tab, click Create KataConfig.
  4. Enter the following details:

    • Name: Optional: The default name is example-kataconfig.
    • Labels: Optional: Enter any relevant, identifying attributes to the KataConfig resource. Each label represents a key-value pair.
    • enablePeerPods: Select for public cloud, IBM Z®, and IBM® LinuxONE deployments.
    • kataConfigPoolSelector. Optional: To install kata-remote on selected nodes, add a match expression for the labels on the selected nodes:

      1. Expand the kataConfigPoolSelector area.
      2. In the kataConfigPoolSelector area, expand matchExpressions. This is a list of label selector requirements.
      3. Click Add matchExpressions.
      4. In the Key field, enter the label key the selector applies to.
      5. In the Operator field, enter the key’s relationship to the label values. Valid operators are In, NotIn, Exists, and DoesNotExist.
      6. Expand the Values area and then click Add value.
      7. In the Value field, enter true or false for key label value.
    • logLevel: Define the level of log data retrieved for nodes with the kata-remote runtime class.
  5. Click Create. The KataConfig CR is created and installs the kata-remote runtime class on the worker nodes.

    Wait for the kata-remote installation to complete and the worker nodes to reboot before verifying the installation.

Verification

  1. On the KataConfig tab, click the KataConfig CR to view its details.
  2. Click the YAML tab to view the status stanza.

    The status stanza contains the conditions and kataNodes keys. The value of status.kataNodes is an array of nodes, each of which lists nodes in a particular state of kata-remote installation. A message appears each time there is an update.

  3. Click Reload to refresh the YAML.

    When all workers in the status.kataNodes array display the values installed and conditions.InProgress: False with no specified reason, the kata-remote is installed on the cluster.

See KataConfig status messages for details.

3.2.2.4.1. Optional: Verifying the pod VM image

After kata-remote is installed on your cluster, the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator creates a pod VM image, which is used to create peer pods. This process can take a long time because the image is created on the cloud instance. You can verify that the pod VM image was created successfully by checking the config map that you created for the cloud provider.

Procedure

  1. Navigate to Workloads ConfigMaps.
  2. Click the provider config map to view its details.
  3. Click the YAML tab.
  4. Check the status stanza of the YAML file.

    If the AZURE_IMAGE_ID parameter is populated, the pod VM image was created successfully.

Troubleshooting

  1. Retrieve the events log by running the following command:

    $ oc get events -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator --field-selector involvedObject.name=osc-podvm-image-creation
  2. Retrieve the job log by running the following command:

    $ oc logs -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator jobs/osc-podvm-image-creation

If you cannot resolve the issue, submit a Red Hat Support case and attach the output of both logs.

3.2.2.5. Optional: Modifying the number of peer pod VMs per node

You can change the limit of peer pod virtual machines (VMs) per node by editing the peerpodConfig custom resource (CR).

Procedure

  1. Check the current limit by running the following command:

    $ oc get peerpodconfig peerpodconfig-openshift -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator \
    -o jsonpath='{.spec.limit}{"\n"}'
  2. Modify the limit attribute of the peerpodConfig CR by running the following command:

    $ oc patch peerpodconfig peerpodconfig-openshift -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator \
    --type merge --patch '{"spec":{"limit":"<value>"}}' 1
    1
    Replace <value> with the limit you want to define.

3.2.2.6. Configuring workload objects

You deploy an OpenShift sandboxed containers workload by configuring kata-remote as the runtime class for the following pod-templated objects:

  • Pod objects
  • ReplicaSet objects
  • ReplicationController objects
  • StatefulSet objects
  • Deployment objects
  • DeploymentConfig objects
Important

Do not deploy workloads in the openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator namespace. Create a dedicated namespace for these resources.

You can define whether the workload should be deployed using the default instance size, which you defined in the config map, by adding an annotation to the YAML file.

If you do not want to define the instance size manually, you can add an annotation to use an automatic instance size, based on the memory available.

Prerequisites

  • You have created a secret object for your provider.
  • You have created a config map for your provider.
  • You have created a KataConfig custom resource (CR).

Procedure

  1. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, navigate to Workloads workload type, for example, Pods.
  2. On the workload type page, click an object to view its details.
  3. Click the YAML tab.
  4. Add spec.runtimeClassName: kata-remote to the manifest of each pod-templated workload object as in the following example:

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: <object>
    # ...
    spec:
      runtimeClassName: kata-remote
    # ...
  5. Add an annotation to the pod-templated object to use a manually defined instance size or an automatic instance size:

    • To use a manually defined instance size, add the following annotation:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: <object>
      metadata:
        annotations:
          io.katacontainers.config.hypervisor.machine_type: Standard_B2als_v2 1
      # ...
      1
      Specify the instance size that you defined in the config map.
    • To use an automatic instance size, add the following annotations:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: <Pod>
      metadata:
        annotations:
          io.katacontainers.config.hypervisor.default_vcpus: <vcpus>
          io.katacontainers.config.hypervisor.default_memory: <memory>
      # ...

      Define the amount of memory available for the workload to use. The workload will run on an automatic instance size based on the amount of memory available.

  6. Click Save to apply the changes.

    OpenShift Container Platform creates the workload object and begins scheduling it.

Verification

  • Inspect the spec.runtimeClassName field of a pod-templated object. If the value is kata-remote, then the workload is running on OpenShift sandboxed containers, using peer pods.

3.2.3. Deploying workloads by using the command line

You can deploy OpenShift sandboxed containers workloads by using the command line.

3.2.3.1. Creating a secret

You must create a Secret object on your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. The secret stores cloud provider credentials for creating the pod virtual machine (VM) image and peer pod instances. By default, the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator creates the secret based on the credentials used to create the cluster. However, you can manually create a secret that uses different credentials.

Prerequisites

  • You have installed and configured the Azure CLI tool.

Procedure

  1. Retrieve the Azure subscription ID:

    $ AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID=$(az account list --query "[?isDefault].id" -o tsv) && echo "AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID: \"$AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID\""
  2. Generate the RBAC content. This generates the client ID, client secret, and the tenant ID:

    $ az ad sp create-for-rbac --role Contributor --scopes /subscriptions/$AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID --query "{ client_id: appId, client_secret: password, tenant_id: tenant }

    Example output:

    {
      "client_id": `AZURE_CLIENT_ID`,
      "client_secret": `AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET`,
      "tenant_id": `AZURE_TENANT_ID`
    }
  3. Record the RBAC output to use in the secret object.
  4. Create a peer-pods-secret.yaml manifest file according to the following example:

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Secret
    metadata:
      name: peer-pods-secret
      namespace: openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
    type: Opaque
    stringData:
      AZURE_CLIENT_ID: "<azure_client_id>" 1
      AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET: "<azure_client_secret>" 2
      AZURE_TENANT_ID: "<azure_tenant_id>" 3
      AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID: "<azure_subscription_id>" 4
    1
    Specify the AZURE_CLIENT_ID value.
    2
    Specify the AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET value.
    3
    Specify the AZURE_TENANT_ID value.
    4
    Specify the AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID value.
  5. Create the secret object by applying the manifest:

    $ oc apply -f peer-pods-secret.yaml
Note

If you update the peer pods secret, you must restart the peerpodconfig-ctrl-caa-daemon DaemonSet to apply the changes.

After you update the secret, apply the manifest. Then restart the cloud-api-adaptor pods by running the following command:

$ oc set env ds/peerpodconfig-ctrl-caa-daemon -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator REBOOT="$(date)"

Restarting a daemon set recreates peer pods. It does not update existing pods.

3.2.3.2. Creating a config map

You must create a config map on your OpenShift Container Platform cluster for your cloud provider.

Procedure

  1. Obtain the following values from your Azure instance:

    1. Retrieve and record the Azure VNet name:

      $ AZURE_VNET_NAME=$(az network vnet list --resource-group ${AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP} --query "[].{Name:name}" --output tsv)

      This value is used to retrieve the Azure subnet ID.

    2. Retrieve and record the Azure subnet ID:

      $ AZURE_SUBNET_ID=$(az network vnet subnet list --resource-group ${AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP} --vnet-name $AZURE_VNET_NAME --query "[].{Id:id} | [? contains(Id, 'worker')]" --output tsv) && echo "AZURE_SUBNET_ID: \"$AZURE_SUBNET_ID\""
    3. Retrieve and record the Azure network security group (NSG) ID:

      $ AZURE_NSG_ID=$(az network nsg list --resource-group ${AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP} --query "[].{Id:id}" --output tsv) && echo "AZURE_NSG_ID: \"$AZURE_NSG_ID\""
    4. Retrieve and record the Azure resource group:

      $ AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP=$(oc get infrastructure/cluster -o jsonpath='{.status.platformStatus.azure.resourceGroupName}') && echo "AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP: \"$AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP\""
    5. Retrieve and record the Azure region:

      $ AZURE_REGION=$(az group show --resource-group ${AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP} --query "{Location:location}" --output tsv) && echo "AZURE_REGION: \"$AZURE_REGION\""
  2. Create a peer-pods-cm.yaml manifest according to the following example:

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: peer-pods-cm
      namespace: openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator
    data:
      CLOUD_PROVIDER: "azure"
      VXLAN_PORT: "9000"
      AZURE_INSTANCE_SIZE: "Standard_B2als_v2" 1
      AZURE_INSTANCE_SIZES: "Standard_B2als_v2,Standard_D2as_v5,Standard_D4as_v5,Standard_D2ads_v5" 2
      AZURE_SUBNET_ID: "<azure_subnet_id>" 3
      AZURE_NSG_ID: "<azure_nsg_id>" 4
      PROXY_TIMEOUT: "5m"
      DISABLECVM: "true"
      AZURE_IMAGE_ID: "<azure_image_id>" 5
      AZURE_REGION: "<azure_region>" 6
      AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP: "<azure_resource_group>" 7
    1
    Defines the default instance size that is used when a type is not defined in the workload.
    2
    Lists all of the instance sizes you can specify when creating the pod. This allows you to define smaller instance sizes for workloads that need less memory and fewer CPUs or larger instance sizes for larger workloads.
    3
    Specify the AZURE_SUBNET_ID value that you retrieved.
    4
    Specify the AZURE_NSG_ID value that you retrieved.
    5
    Optional: By default, this value is populated when you run the KataConfig CR, using an Azure image ID based on your cluster credentials. If you create your own Azure image, specify the correct image ID.
    6
    Specify the AZURE_REGION value you retrieved.
    7
    Specify the AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP value you retrieved.
  3. Apply the manifest to create a config map:

    $ oc apply -f peer-pods-cm.yaml

    A config map is created for your cloud provider.

Note

If you update the peer pods config map, you must restart the peerpodconfig-ctrl-caa-daemon daemonset to apply the changes.

After you update the config map, apply the manifest. Then restart the cloud-api-adaptor pods by running the following command:

$ oc set env ds/peerpodconfig-ctrl-caa-daemon -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator REBOOT="$(date)"

Restarting the daemonset recreates the peer pods. It does not update the existing pods.

3.2.3.3. Creating an SSH key secret

You must create an SSH key secret object for Azure.

Procedure

  1. Log in to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
  2. Generate an SSH key pair by running the following command:

    $ ssh-keygen -f ./id_rsa -N ""
  3. Create the Secret object by running the following command:

    $ oc create secret generic ssh-key-secret \
        -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator \
        --from-file=id_rsa.pub=./id_rsa.pub \
        --from-file=id_rsa=./id_rsa

    The SSH key secret is created.

  4. Delete the SSH keys you created:

    $ shred -remove id_rsa.pub id_rsa

3.2.3.4. Creating a KataConfig custom resource

You must create a KataConfig custom resource (CR) to install kata-remote as a runtime class on your worker nodes.

Creating the KataConfig CR triggers the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator to do the following:

  • Create a RuntimeClass CR named kata-remote with a default configuration. This enables users to configure workloads to use kata-remote as the runtime by referencing the CR in the RuntimeClassName field. This CR also specifies the resource overhead for the runtime.

OpenShift sandboxed containers installs kata-remote as a secondary, optional runtime on the cluster and not as the primary runtime.

Important

Creating the KataConfig CR automatically reboots the worker nodes. The reboot can take from 10 to more than 60 minutes. Factors that impede reboot time are as follows:

  • A larger OpenShift Container Platform deployment with a greater number of worker nodes.
  • Activation of the BIOS and Diagnostics utility.
  • Deployment on a hard disk drive rather than an SSD.
  • Deployment on physical nodes such as bare metal, rather than on virtual nodes.
  • A slow CPU and network.

Prerequisites

  • You have access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role.

Procedure

  1. Create a cluster-kataconfig.yaml manifest file according to the following example:

    apiVersion: kataconfiguration.openshift.io/v1
    kind: KataConfig
    metadata:
      name: cluster-kataconfig
    spec:
      enablePeerPods: true
      logLevel: info
  2. Optional: To install kata-remote on selected nodes, specify the node labels according to the following example:

    apiVersion: kataconfiguration.openshift.io/v1
    kind: KataConfig
    metadata:
      name: cluster-kataconfig
    spec:
      kataConfigPoolSelector:
        matchLabels:
          <label_key>: '<label_value>' 1
    # ...
    1
    Specify the labels of the selected nodes.
  3. Create the KataConfig CR:

    $ oc create -f cluster-kataconfig.yaml

    The new KataConfig CR is created and installs kata-remote as a runtime class on the worker nodes.

    Wait for the kata-remote installation to complete and the worker nodes to reboot before verifying the installation.

Verification

  • Monitor the installation progress by running the following command:

    $ watch "oc describe kataconfig | sed -n /^Status:/,/^Events/p"

    When the status of all workers under kataNodes is installed and the condition InProgress is False without specifying a reason, the kata-remote is installed on the cluster.

See KataConfig status messages for details.

3.2.3.4.1. Optional: Verifying the pod VM image

After kata-remote is installed on your cluster, the OpenShift sandboxed containers Operator creates a pod VM image, which is used to create peer pods. This process can take a long time because the image is created on the cloud instance. You can verify that the pod VM image was created successfully by checking the config map that you created for the cloud provider.

Procedure

  1. Obtain the config map you created for the peer pods:

    $ oc get configmap peer-pods-cm -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator -o yaml
  2. Check the status stanza of the YAML file.

    If the AZURE_IMAGE_ID parameter is populated, the pod VM image was created successfully.

Troubleshooting

  1. Retrieve the events log by running the following command:

    $ oc get events -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator --field-selector involvedObject.name=osc-podvm-image-creation
  2. Retrieve the job log by running the following command:

    $ oc logs -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator jobs/osc-podvm-image-creation

If you cannot resolve the issue, submit a Red Hat Support case and attach the output of both logs.

3.2.3.5. Optional: Modifying the number of peer pod VMs per node

You can change the limit of peer pod virtual machines (VMs) per node by editing the peerpodConfig custom resource (CR).

Procedure

  1. Check the current limit by running the following command:

    $ oc get peerpodconfig peerpodconfig-openshift -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator \
    -o jsonpath='{.spec.limit}{"\n"}'
  2. Modify the limit attribute of the peerpodConfig CR by running the following command:

    $ oc patch peerpodconfig peerpodconfig-openshift -n openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator \
    --type merge --patch '{"spec":{"limit":"<value>"}}' 1
    1
    Replace <value> with the limit you want to define.

3.2.3.6. Configuring workload objects

You deploy an OpenShift sandboxed containers workload by configuring kata-remote as the runtime class for the following pod-templated objects:

  • Pod objects
  • ReplicaSet objects
  • ReplicationController objects
  • StatefulSet objects
  • Deployment objects
  • DeploymentConfig objects
Important

Do not deploy workloads in the openshift-sandboxed-containers-operator namespace. Create a dedicated namespace for these resources.

You can define whether the workload should be deployed using the default instance size, which you defined in the config map, by adding an annotation to the YAML file.

If you do not want to define the instance size manually, you can add an annotation to use an automatic instance size, based on the memory available.

Prerequisites

  • You have created a secret object for your provider.
  • You have created a config map for your provider.
  • You have created a KataConfig custom resource (CR).

Procedure

  1. Add spec.runtimeClassName: kata-remote to the manifest of each pod-templated workload object as in the following example:

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: <object>
    # ...
    spec:
      runtimeClassName: kata-remote
    # ...
  2. Add an annotation to the pod-templated object to use a manually defined instance size or an automatic instance size:

    • To use a manually defined instance size, add the following annotation:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: <object>
      metadata:
        annotations:
          io.katacontainers.config.hypervisor.machine_type: Standard_B2als_v2 1
      # ...
      1
      Specify the instance size that you defined in the config map.
    • To use an automatic instance size, add the following annotations:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: <Pod>
      metadata:
        annotations:
          io.katacontainers.config.hypervisor.default_vcpus: <vcpus>
          io.katacontainers.config.hypervisor.default_memory: <memory>
      # ...

      Define the amount of memory available for the workload to use. The workload will run on an automatic instance size based on the amount of memory available.

  3. Apply the changes to the workload object by running the following command:

    $ oc apply -f <object.yaml>

    OpenShift Container Platform creates the workload object and begins scheduling it.

Verification

  • Inspect the spec.runtimeClassName field of a pod-templated object. If the value is kata-remote, then the workload is running on OpenShift sandboxed containers, using peer pods.
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