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2.3. Running SystemTap Scripts

SystemTap scripts are run through the command stap. stap can run SystemTap scripts from standard input or from file.
Running stap and staprun requires elevated privileges to the system. However, not all users can be granted root access just to run SystemTap. In some cases, for instance, you may want to allow a non-privileged user to run SystemTap instrumentation on his machine.
To allow ordinary users to run SystemTap without root access, add them to one of these user groups:
stapdev
Members of this group can use stap to run SystemTap scripts, or staprun to run SystemTap instrumentation modules.
Running stap involves compiling SystemTap scripts into kernel modules and loading them into the kernel. This requires elevated privileges to the system, which are granted to stapdev members. Unfortunately, such privileges also grant effective root access to stapdev members. As such, you should only grant stapdev group membership to users whom you can trust root access.
stapusr
Members of this group can only run staprun to run SystemTap instrumentation modules. In addition, they can only run those modules from /lib/modules/kernel_version/systemtap/. Note that this directory must be owned only by the root user, and must only be writable by the root user.
Below is a list of commonly used stap options:
-v
Makes the output of the SystemTap session more verbose. You can repeat this option (for example, stap -vvv script.stp) to provide more details on the script's execution. This option is particularly useful if you encounter any errors in running the script.
For more information about common SystemTap script errors, refer to Chapter 5, Understanding SystemTap Errors.
-o filename
Sends the standard output to file (filename).
-x process ID
Sets the SystemTap handler function target() to the specified process ID. For more information about target(), refer to SystemTap Functions.
-c command
Sets the SystemTap handler function target() to the specified command. Note that you must use the full path to the specified command; for example, instead of specifying cp, use /bin/cp (as in stap script -c /bin/cp). For more information about target(), refer to SystemTap Functions.
-e 'script'
Use script string rather than a file as input for systemtap translator.
You can also instruct stap to run scripts from standard input using the switch -. To illustrate:

Example 2.1. Running Scripts From Standard Input

echo "probe timer.s(1) {exit()}" | stap -
Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Example 2.1, “Running Scripts From Standard Input” instructs stap to run the script passed by echo to standard input. Any stap options you wish to use should be inserted before the - switch; for instance, to make the example in Example 2.1, “Running Scripts From Standard Input” more verbose, the command would be:
echo "probe timer.s(1) {exit()}" | stap -v -
For more information about stap, refer to man stap.
To run SystemTap instrumentation (i.e. the kernel module built from SystemTap scripts during a cross-instrumentation), use staprun instead. For more information about staprun and cross-instrumentation, refer to Section 2.2, “Generating Instrumentation for Other Computers”.

Note

The stap options -v and -o also work for staprun. For more information about staprun, refer to man staprun.
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