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Chapter 10. Performing an automated installation using Kickstart

10.1. Automated installation workflow
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Kickstart installations can be performed using a local DVD, a local disk, or a NFS, FTP, HTTP, or HTTPS server. This section provides a high level overview of Kickstart usage.

  1. Create a Kickstart file. You can write it by hand, copy a Kickstart file saved after a manual installation, or use an online generator tool to create the file, and edit it afterward.
  2. Make the Kickstart file available to the installation program on removable media, a disk or a network location using an HTTP(S), FTP, or NFS server.
  3. Create the boot medium which will be used to begin the installation.
  4. Make the installation source available to the installation program.
  5. Start the installation using the boot medium and the Kickstart file. If the Kickstart file contains all mandatory commands and sections, the installation finishes automatically. If one or more of these mandatory parts are missing, or if an error occurs, the installation requires manual intervention to finish.

10.2. Creating Kickstart files
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You can create a Kickstart file using the following methods:

  • Use the online Kickstart configuration tool.
  • Copy the Kickstart file created as a result of a manual installation.
  • Write the entire Kickstart file manually.

  • Convert the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Kickstart file for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 installation.

    For more information about the conversion tool, see Kickstart generator lab.

  • In case of virtual and cloud environment, create a custom system image, using Image Builder.

Some highly specific installation options can be configured only by manual editing of the Kickstart file.

Users with a Red Hat Customer Portal account can use the Kickstart Generator tool in the Customer Portal Labs to generate Kickstart files online. This tool will walk you through the basic configuration and enables you to download the resulting Kickstart file.

Prerequisites

  • You have a Red Hat Customer Portal account and an active Red Hat subscription.

Procedure

  1. Open the Kickstart generator lab information page at https://access.redhat.com/labsinfo/kickstartconfig.
  2. Click the Go to Application button to the left of heading and wait for the next page to load.
  3. Select Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 in the drop-down menu and wait for the page to update.

  4. Describe the system to be installed using the fields in the form.

    You can use the links on the left side of the form to quickly navigate between sections of the form.

  5. To download the generated Kickstart file, click the red Download button at the top of the page.

    Your web browser saves the file.

  6. Install the pykickstart package. 

    # yum install pykickstart

  7. Run ksvalidator on your Kickstart file. 

    $ ksvalidator -v RHEL8 /path/to/kickstart.ks

    Replace /path/to/kickstart.ks with the path to the Kickstart file you want to verify.

    The validation tool cannot guarantee the installation will be successful. It ensures only that the syntax is correct and that the file does not include deprecated options. It does not attempt to validate the %pre, %post and %packages sections of the Kickstart file.

The recommended approach to creating Kickstart files is to use the file created by a manual installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. After an installation completes, all choices made during the installation are saved into a Kickstart file named anaconda-ks.cfg, located in the /root/ directory on the installed system. You can use this file to reproduce the installation in the same way as before. Alternatively, copy this file, make any changes you need, and use the resulting configuration file for further installations.

Procedure

  1. Install RHEL. For more details, see Interactively installing RHEL from installation media.

    During the installation, create a user with administrator privileges.

  2. Finish the installation and reboot into the installed system.
  3. Log into the system with the administrator account.

  4. Copy the file /root/anaconda-ks.cfg to a location of your choice. The file contains information about users and passwords.

    • To display the file contents in terminal: 

      # cat /root/anaconda-ks.cfg

      You can copy the output and save to another file of your choice.

    • To copy the file to another location, use the file manager. Remember to change permissions on the copy, so that the file can be read by non-root users.

  5. Install the pykickstart package. 

    # yum install pykickstart

  6. Run ksvalidator on your Kickstart file. 

    $ ksvalidator -v RHEL8 /path/to/kickstart.ks

    Replace /path/to/kickstart.ks with the path to the Kickstart file you want to verify.

Important

The validation tool cannot guarantee the installation will be successful. It ensures only that the syntax is correct and that the file does not include deprecated options. It does not attempt to validate the %pre, %post and %packages sections of the Kickstart file.

You can use the Kickstart Converter tool to convert a RHEL 7 Kickstart file for use in a RHEL 8 or 9 installation or convert a RHEL 8 Kickstart file for use it in RHEL 9. For more information about the tool and how to use it to convert a RHEL Kickstart file, see https://access.redhat.com/labs/kickstartconvert/.

Procedure

  • After you prepare your kickstart file, install the pykickstart package. 

    # yum install pykickstart

  • Run ksvalidator on your Kickstart file. 

    $ ksvalidator -v RHEL8 /path/to/kickstart.ks

    Replace /path/to/kickstart.ks with the path to the Kickstart file you want to verify.

Important

The validation tool cannot guarantee the installation will be successful. It ensures only that the syntax is correct and that the file does not include deprecated options. It does not attempt to validate the %pre, %post and %packages sections of the Kickstart file.

10.2.4. Creating a custom image using Image Builder
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You can use Red Hat Image Builder to create a customized system image for virtual and cloud deployments.

For more information about creating customized images, using Image Builder, see the Composing a customized RHEL system image document.

After your Kickstart file is ready, you can make it available for the installation on the destination system.

10.3.1. Ports for network-based installation
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The following table lists the ports that must be open on the server for providing the files for each type of network-based installation.

Expand
Table 10.1. Ports for network-based installation
Protocol usedPorts to open

HTTP

80

HTTPS

443

FTP

21

NFS

2049, 111, 20048

TFTP

69

10.3.2. Sharing the installation files on an NFS server
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You can store the Kickstart script file on an NFS server. Storing it on an NFS server enables you to install multiple systems from a single source without having to use physical media for the Kickstart file.

Prerequisites

  • You have an administrator-level access to a server with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 on the local network.
  • The system to be installed can connect to the server.
  • The firewall on the server allows connections from the system you are installing to.
Important

Ensure that you use different paths in inst.ks and inst.repo. When using NFS to host the Kickstart, you cannot use the same nfs share to host the installation source.

Procedure

  1. Install the nfs-utils package by running the following command as root: 

    # yum install nfs-utils
  2. Copy the Kickstart file to a directory on the NFS server.

  3. Open the /etc/exports file using a text editor and add a line with the following syntax: 

    /exported_directory/ clients

    Replace /exported_directory/ with the full path to the directory holding the Kickstart file. Instead of clients, use the host name or IP address of the computer that is to be installed from this NFS server, the subnetwork from which all computers are to have access the ISO image, or the asterisk sign (*) if you want to allow any computer with network access to the NFS server to use the ISO image. See the exports(5) man page for detailed information about the format of this field. A basic configuration that makes the /rhel8-install/ directory available as read-only to all clients is: 

    /rhel8-install *
  4. Save the /etc/exports file and exit the text editor.

  5. Start the nfs service: 

    # systemctl start nfs-server.service

    If the service was running before you changed the /etc/exports file, enter the following command, in order for the running NFS server to reload its configuration: 

    # systemctl reload nfs-server.service

    The Kickstart file is now accessible over NFS and ready to be used for installation.

Note

When specifying the Kickstart source, use nfs: as the protocol, the server’s host name or IP address, the colon sign (:), and the path inside directory holding the file. For example, if the server’s host name is myserver.example.com and you have saved the file in /rhel8-install/my-ks.cfg, specify inst.ks=nfs:myserver.example.com:/rhel8-install/my-ks.cfg as the installation source boot option.

You can store the Kickstart script file on an HTTP or HTTPS server. Storing the Kickstart file on an HTTP or HTTPS server enables you to install multiple systems from a single source without having to use physical media for the Kickstart file.

Prerequisites

  • You have an administrator-level access to a server with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 on the local network.
  • The system to be installed can connect to the server.
  • The firewall on the server allows connections from the system you are installing to.

Procedure

  1. To store the Kickstart file on an HTTP, install the httpd package: 

    # yum install httpd

    To store the Kickstart file on an HTTPS, install httpd and mod_ssl packages: 

    # yum install httpd mod_ssl
    Warning

    If your Apache web server configuration enables SSL security, verify that you only enable the TLSv1 protocol, and disable SSLv2 and SSLv3. This is due to the POODLE SSL vulnerability (CVE-2014-3566). For more information, see the Red Hat Knowledgebase solution Resolution for POODLE SSLv3.0 vulnerability.

    Important

    If you use an HTTPS server with a self-signed certificate, you must boot the installation program with the inst.noverifyssl option.

  2. Copy the Kickstart file to the HTTP(S) server into a subdirectory of the /var/www/html/ directory.

  3. Start the httpd service: 

    # systemctl start httpd.service

    The Kickstart file is now accessible and ready to be used for installation.

    When specifying the location of the Kickstart file, use http:// or https:// as the protocol, the server’s host name or IP address, and the path of the Kickstart file, relative to the HTTP server root. For example, if you are using HTTP, the server’s host name is myserver.example.com, and you have copied the Kickstart file as /var/www/html/rhel8-install/my-ks.cfg, specify http://myserver.example.com/rhel8-install/my-ks.cfg as the file location.

10.3.4. Sharing the installation files on an FTP server
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You can store the Kickstart script file on an FTP server. Storing the script on an FTP server enables you to install multiple systems from a single source without having to use physical media for the Kickstart file.

Prerequisites

  • You have an administrator-level access to a server with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 on the local network.
  • The system to be installed can connect to the server.
  • The firewall on the server allows connections from the system you are installing to.

Procedure

  1. Install the vsftpd package by running the following command as root: 

    # yum install vsftpd

  2. Open and edit the /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf configuration file in a text editor.

    1. Change the line anonymous_enable=NO to anonymous_enable=YES
    2. Change the line write_enable=YES to write_enable=NO.

    3. Add lines pasv_min_port=min_port and pasv_max_port=max_port. Replace min_port and max_port with the port number range used by FTP server in passive mode, for example, 10021 and 10031.

      This step can be necessary in network environments featuring various firewall/NAT setups.

    4. Optional: add custom changes to your configuration. For available options, see the vsftpd.conf(5) man page. This procedure assumes that default options are used.

      Warning

      If you configured SSL/TLS security in your vsftpd.conf file, ensure that you enable only the TLSv1 protocol, and disable SSLv2 and SSLv3. This is due to the POODLE SSL vulnerability (CVE-2014-3566). For more information, see the Red Hat Knowledgebase solution Resolution for POODLE SSLv3.0 vulnerability.

  3. Configure the server firewall.

    1. Enable the firewall: 

      # systemctl enable firewalld
# systemctl start firewalld

    2. Enable in your firewall the FTP port and port range from previous step: 

      # firewall-cmd --add-port min_port-max_port/tcp --permanent
# firewall-cmd --add-service ftp --permanent
# firewall-cmd --reload

      Replace min_port-max_port with the port numbers you entered into the /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf configuration file.

  4. Copy the Kickstart file to the FTP server into the /var/ftp/ directory or its subdirectory.

  5. Make sure that the correct SELinux context and access mode is set on the file: 

    # restorecon -r /var/ftp/your-kickstart-file.ks
# chmod 444 /var/ftp/your-kickstart-file.ks

  6. Start the vsftpd service: 

    # systemctl start vsftpd.service

    If the service was running before you changed the /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf file, restart the service to load the edited file: 

    # systemctl restart vsftpd.service

    Enable the vsftpd service to start during the boot process: 

    # systemctl enable vsftpd

    The Kickstart file is now accessible and ready to be used for installations by systems on the same network.

    Note

    When configuring the installation source, use ftp:// as the protocol, the server’s host name or IP address, and the path of the Kickstart file, relative to the FTP server root. For example, if the server’s host name is myserver.example.com and you have copied the file to /var/ftp/my-ks.cfg, specify ftp://myserver.example.com/my-ks.cfg as the installation source.

After your Kickstart file is ready, you can make it available to for installation on the destination system.

10.4.1. Sharing the installation files on a local volume
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This procedure describes how to store the Kickstart script file on a volume on the system to be installed. This method enables you to bypass the need for another system.

Prerequisites

  • You have a drive that can be moved to the machine to be installed, such as a USB stick.
  • The drive contains a partition that can be read by the installation program. The supported types are ext2, ext3, ext4, xfs, and fat.
  • The drive is connected to the system and its volumes are mounted.

Procedure

  1. List volume information and note the UUID of the volume to which you want to copy the Kickstart file. 

    # lsblk -l -p -o name,rm,ro,hotplug,size,type,mountpoint,uuid
  2. Navigate to the file system on the volume.
  3. Copy the Kickstart file to this file system.
  4. Make a note of the string to use later with the inst.ks= option. This string is in the form hd:UUID=volume-UUID:path/to/kickstart-file.cfg. Note that the path is relative to the file system root, not to the / root of file system hierarchy. Replace volume-UUID with the UUID you noted earlier.

  5. Unmount all drive volumes: 

    # umount /dev/xyz ...

    Add all the volumes to the command, separated by spaces.

A specially named Kickstart file can be present in the root of a specially named volume on the system to be installed. This lets you bypass the need for another system, and makes the installation program load the file automatically.

Prerequisites

  • You have a drive that can be moved to the machine to be installed, such as a USB stick.
  • The drive contains a partition that can be read by the installation program. The supported types are ext2, ext3, ext4, xfs, and fat.
  • The drive is connected to the system and its volumes are mounted.

Procedure

  1. List volume information to which you want to copy the Kickstart file. 

    # lsblk -l -p
  2. Navigate to the file system on the volume.
  3. Copy the Kickstart file into the root of this file system.
  4. Rename the Kickstart file to ks.cfg.

  5. Rename the volume as OEMDRV:

    • For ext2, ext3, and ext4 file systems: 

      # e2label /dev/xyz OEMDRV

    • For the XFS file system: 

      # xfs_admin -L OEMDRV /dev/xyz

    Replace /dev/xyz with the path to the volume’s block device.

  6. Unmount all drive volumes: 

    # umount /dev/xyz ...

    Add all the volumes to the command, separated by spaces.

10.5. Starting Kickstart installations
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You can start Kickstart installations in multiple ways:

  • Automatically by editing the boot options in PXE boot.
  • Automatically by providing the file on a volume with specific name.

You can register RHEL using the Red Hat Content Delivery Network (CDN). CDN is a geographically distributed series of web servers. These servers provide, for example, packages and updates to RHEL hosts with a valid subscription.

During the installation, registering and installing RHEL from the CDN offers following benefits:

  • Utilizing the latest packages for an up-to-date system immediately after installation and
  • Integrated support for connecting to Red Hat Insights and enabling System Purpose.

AMD64, Intel 64, and 64-bit ARM systems and IBM Power Systems servers have the ability to boot using a PXE server. When you configure the PXE server, you can add the boot option into the boot loader configuration file, which in turn lets you start the installation automatically. Using this approach, it is possible to automate the installation completely, including the boot process.

This procedure is intended as a general reference; detailed steps differ based on your system’s architecture, and not all options are available on all architectures (for example, you cannot use PXE boot on 64-bit IBM Z).

Prerequisites

  • You have a Kickstart file ready in a location accessible from the system to be installed.
  • You have a PXE server that can be used to boot the system and begin the installation.

Procedure

  1. Open the boot loader configuration file on your PXE server, and add the inst.ks= boot option to the appropriate line. The name of the file and its syntax depends on your system’s architecture and hardware:

    • On AMD64 and Intel 64 systems with BIOS, the file name can be either default or based on your system’s IP address. In this case, add the inst.ks= option to the append line in the installation entry. A sample append line in the configuration file looks similar to the following: 

      append initrd=initrd.img inst.ks=http://10.32.5.1/mnt/archive/RHEL-8/8.x/x86_64/kickstarts/ks.cfg

    • On systems using the GRUB boot loader (AMD64, Intel 64, and 64-bit ARM systems with UEFI firmware and IBM Power Systems servers), the file name is grub.cfg. In this file, append the inst.ks= option to the kernel line in the installation entry. A sample kernel line in the configuration file will look similar to the following: 

      kernel vmlinuz inst.ks=http://10.32.5.1/mnt/archive/RHEL-8/8.x/x86_64/kickstarts/ks.cfg

  2. Boot the installation from the network server.

    The installation begins now, using the installation options specified in the Kickstart file. If the Kickstart file is valid and contains all required commands, the installation is completely automated.

Note

If you have installed a Red Hat Enterprise Linux Beta release, on systems having UEFI Secure Boot enabled, then add the Beta public key to the system’s Machine Owner Key (MOK) list.

You can start a Kickstart installation by putting a Kickstart file with a specific name on a specifically labelled storage volume.

Prerequisites

  • You have a volume prepared with label OEMDRV and the Kickstart file present in its root as ks.cfg.
  • A drive containing this volume is available on the system as the installation program boots.

Procedure

  1. Boot the system using a local media (a CD, DVD, or a USB flash drive).

  2. At the boot prompt, specify the required boot options.

    1. If a required repository is in a network location, you may need to configure the network using the ip= option. The installer tries to configure all network devices using the DHCP protocol by default without this option.

    2. In order to access a software source from which necessary packages will be installed, you may need to add the inst.repo= option. If you do not specify this option, you must specify the installation source in the Kickstart file.

      For more information about installation sources, see Kickstart commands for installation program configuration and flow control.

  3. Start the installation by confirming your added boot options.

    The installation begins now, and the Kickstart file is automatically detected and used to start an automated Kickstart installation.

Note

If you have installed a Red Hat Enterprise Linux Beta release, on systems having UEFI Secure Boot enabled, then add the Beta public key to the system’s Machine Owner Key (MOK) list. For more information about UEFI Secure Boot and Red Hat Enterprise Linux Beta releases, see the UEFI Secure Boot and Beta release requirements.

You can install RHEL into an LPAR by using an SFTP, FTPS, or FTP server.

Procedure

  1. Log in on the IBM Z Hardware Management Console (HMC) or the Support Element (SE) as a user with sufficient privileges to install a new operating system to an LPAR.
  2. On the Systems tab, select the mainframe you want to work with, then on the Partitions tab select the LPAR to which you wish to install.
  3. At the bottom of the screen, under Daily, find Operating System Messages. Double-click Operating System Messages to show the text console on which Linux boot messages will appear.
  4. Double-click Load from Removable Media or Server.

  5. In the dialog box that follows, select SFTP/FTPS/FTP Server, and enter the following information:

    • Host Computer - Host name or IP address of the FTP server you want to install from, for example ftp.redhat.com
    • User ID - Your user name on the FTP server. Or, specify anonymous.
    • Password - Your password. Use your email address if you are logging in as anonymous.
    • File location (optional) - Directory on the FTP server holding the Red Hat Enterprise Linux for IBM Z, for example /rhel/s390x/.
  6. Click Continue.
  7. In the dialog that follows, keep the default selection of generic.ins and click Continue.

Use this procedure when installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux into an LPAR using an already prepared DASD.

Procedure

  1. Log in on the IBM Z Hardware Management Console (HMC) or the Support Element (SE) as a user with sufficient privileges to install a new operating system to an LPAR.
  2. On the Systems tab, select the mainframe you want to work with, then on the Partitions tab select the LPAR to which you wish to install.
  3. At the bottom of the screen, under Daily, find Operating System Messages. Double-click Operating System Messages to show the text console on which Linux boot messages will appear.
  4. Double-click Load.
  5. In the dialog box that follows, select Normal as the Load type.
  6. As Load address, fill in the device number of the DASD.
  7. Click the OK button.

Use this procedure when installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux into an LPAR using an already prepared FCP attached SCSI disk.

Procedure

  1. Log in on the IBM Z Hardware Management Console (HMC) or the Support Element (SE) as a user with sufficient privileges to install a new operating system to an LPAR.
  2. On the Systems tab, select the mainframe you want to work with, then on the Partitions tab select the LPAR to which you wish to install.
  3. At the bottom of the screen, under Daily, find Operating System Messages. Double-click Operating System Messages to show the text console on which Linux boot messages will appear.
  4. Double-click Load.
  5. In the dialog box that follows, select SCSI as the Load type.
  6. As Load address, fill in the device number of the FCP channel connected with the SCSI disk.
  7. As World wide port name, fill in the WWPN of the storage system containing the disk as a 16-digit hexadecimal number.
  8. As Logical unit number, fill in the LUN of the disk as a 16-digit hexadecimal number.
  9. Leave the Boot record logical block address as 0 and the Operating system specific load parameters empty.
  10. Click the OK button.

This requires a SCSI DVD drive attached to an FCP-to-SCSI bridge which is in turn connected to an FCP adapter in your IBM Z machine. The FCP adapter must be configured and available in your LPAR.

Procedure

  1. Log in on the IBM Z Hardware Management Console (HMC) or the Support Element (SE) as a user with sufficient privileges to install a new operating system to an LPAR.
  2. On the Systems tab, select the mainframe you want to work with, then on the Partitions tab select the LPAR to which you wish to install.
  3. At the bottom of the screen, under Daily, find the Operating System Messages. Double-click Operating System Messages to show the text console on which Linux boot messages will appear.
  4. Insert your Red Hat Enterprise Linux for 64-bit IBM Z DVD into the DVD drive.
  5. Double-click Load.
  6. In the dialog box that follows, select SCSI as the Load type.
  7. As Load address, fill in the device number of the FCP channel connected with the FCP-to-SCSI bridge.
  8. As World wide port name, fill in the WWPN of the FCP-to-SCSI bridge as a 16-digit hexadecimal number.
  9. As Logical unit number, fill in the LUN of the DVD drive as a 16-digit hexadecimal number.
  10. As Boot program selector, fill in the number 1 to select the boot entry on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux for 64-bit IBM Z DVD.
  11. Leave the Boot record logical block address as 0 and the Operating system specific load parameters empty.
  12. Click the OK button.

When installing under z/VM, you can boot from:

  • The z/VM virtual reader
  • A DASD or an FCP-attached SCSI disk prepared with the zipl boot loader
  • An FCP-attached SCSI DVD drive

You can boot from the z/VM reader.

Procedure

  1. If necessary, add the device containing the z/VM TCP/IP tools to your CMS disk list. For example: 

    cp link tcpmaint 592 592
acc 592 fm

    Replace fm with any FILEMODE letter.

  2. For a connection to an FTPS server, enter: 

    ftp <host> (secure

    Where host is the host name or IP address of the FTP server that hosts the boot images (kernel.img and initrd.img).

  3. Log in and execute the following commands. Use the (repl option if you are overwriting existing kernel.img, initrd.img, generic.prm, or redhat.exec files: 

    cd /location/of/install-tree/images/
ascii
get generic.prm (repl
get redhat.exec (repl
locsite fix 80
binary
get kernel.img (repl
get initrd.img (repl
quit

  4. Optional: Check whether the files were transferred correctly by using the CMS command filelist to show the received files and their format. It is important that kernel.img and initrd.img have a fixed record length format denoted by F in the Format column and a record length of 80 in the Lrecl column. For example: 

    VMUSER FILELIST A0 V 169 Trunc=169 Size=6 Line=1 Col=1 Alt=0
Cmd Filename	Filetype	Fm	Format	Lrecl	Records	Blocks	Date	Time
REDHAT	EXEC		B1	V	22	1 	1	4/15/10	9:30:40
GENERIC	PRM		B1	V	44	1	1	4/15/10	9:30:32
INITRD	IMG		B1	F	80	118545	2316	4/15/10	9:30:25
KERNEL	IMG		B1	F	80	74541	912	4/15/10	9:30:17

    Press PF3 to quit filelist and return to the CMS prompt.

  5. Customize boot parameters in generic.prm as necessary. For details, see Customizing boot parameters.

    Another way to configure storage and network devices is by using a CMS configuration file. In such a case, add the CMSDASD= and CMSCONFFILE= parameters to generic.prm.

  6. Finally, execute the REXX script redhat.exec to boot the installation program: 

    redhat

Perform the following steps to use a Prepared DASD:

Procedure

  • Boot from the prepared DASD and select the zipl boot menu entry referring to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation program. Use a command of the following form: 

    cp ipl DASD_device_number loadparm boot_entry_number

    Replace DASD_device_number with the device number of the boot device, and boot_entry_number with the zipl configuration menu for this device. For example: 

    cp ipl eb1c loadparm 0

Perform the following steps to boot from a prepared FCP-attached SCSI disk:

Procedure

  1. Configure the SCSI boot loader of z/VM to access the prepared SCSI disk in the FCP Storage Area Network. Select the prepared zipl boot menu entry referring to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation program. Use a command of the following form: 

    cp set loaddev portname WWPN lun LUN bootprog boot_entry_number

    Replace WWPN with the World Wide Port Name of the storage system and LUN with the Logical Unit Number of the disk. The 16-digit hexadecimal numbers must be split into two pairs of eight digits each. For example: 

    cp set loaddev portname 50050763 050b073d lun 40204011 00000000 bootprog 0

  2. Optional: Confirm your settings with the command: 

    query loaddev

  3. Boot the FCP device connected with the storage system containing the disk with the following command: 

    cp ipl FCP_device

    For example: 

    cp ipl fc00

Perform the following steps to use a Prepared FCP attached SCSI DVD Drive:

Prerequisites

  1. This requires a SCSI DVD drive attached to an FCP-to-SCSI bridge which is in turn connected to an FCP adapter in your 64-bit IBM Z. The FCP adapter must be configured and available under z/VM.

Procedure

  1. Insert your Red Hat Enterprise Linux for 64-bit IBM Z DVD into the DVD drive.

  2. Configure the SCSI boot loader of z/VM to access the DVD drive in the FCP Storage Area Network and specify 1 for the boot entry on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux for 64-bit IBM Z DVD. Use a command of the following form: 

    cp set loaddev portname WWPN lun FCP_LUN bootprog 1

    Replace WWPN with the WWPN of the FCP-to-SCSI bridge and FCP_LUN with the LUN of the DVD drive. The 16-digit hexadecimal numbers must be split into two pairs of eight characters each. For example: 

    cp set loaddev portname 20010060 eb1c0103 lun 00010000 00000000 bootprog 1

  3. Optional: Confirm your settings with the command: 

    cp query loaddev

  4. IPL on the FCP device connected with the FCP-to-SCSI bridge. 

    cp ipl FCP_device

    For example: 

    cp ipl fc00

10.5.5. Consoles and logging during installation
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The Red Hat Enterprise Linux installer uses the tmux terminal multiplexer to display and control several windows in addition to the main interface. Each of these windows serve a different purpose; they display several different logs, which can be used to troubleshoot issues during the installation process. One of the windows provides an interactive shell prompt with root privileges, unless this prompt was specifically disabled using a boot option or a Kickstart command.

The terminal multiplexer is running in virtual console 1. To switch from the actual installation environment to tmux, press Ctrl+Alt+F1. To go back to the main installation interface which runs in virtual console 6, press Ctrl+Alt+F6. During the text mode installation, start in virtual console 1 (tmux), and switching to console 6 will open a shell prompt instead of a graphical interface.

The console running tmux has five available windows; their contents are described in the following table, along with keyboard shortcuts. Note that the keyboard shortcuts are two-part: first press Ctrl+b, then release both keys, and press the number key for the window you want to use.

You can also use Ctrl+b n, Alt+ Tab, and Ctrl+b p to switch to the next or previous tmux window, respectively.

Expand
Table 10.2. Available tmux windows
ShortcutContents

Ctrl+b 1

Main installation program window. Contains text-based prompts (during text mode installation or if you use VNC direct mode), and also some debugging information.

Ctrl+b 2

Interactive shell prompt with root privileges.

Ctrl+b 3

Installation log; displays messages stored in /tmp/anaconda.log.

Ctrl+b 4

Storage log; displays messages related to storage devices and configuration, stored in /tmp/storage.log.

Ctrl+b 5

Program log; displays messages from utilities executed during the installation process, stored in /tmp/program.log.

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