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Chapter 6. Creating Access to Volumes

Red Hat Gluster Storage volumes can be accessed using a number of technologies:
Cross Protocol Data Access

Because of differences in locking semantics, a single Red Hat Gluster Storage volume cannot be concurrently accessed by multiple protocols. Current support for concurrent access is defined in the following table.

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Table 6.1. Cross Protocol Data Access Matrix
  SMB Gluster NFS NFS-Ganesha Native FUSE Object
SMB Yes No No No No
Gluster NFS No Yes No No No
NFS-Ganesha No No Yes No No
Native FUSE No No No Yes Yes [a]
Object No No No Yes [a] Yes
[a] For more information, refer Section 6.5, “Managing Object Store”.
Access Protocols Supportability

The following table provides the support matrix for the supported access protocols with TCP/RDMA.

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Table 6.2. Access Protocol Supportability Matrix
Access Protocols TCP RDMA
FUSEYes Yes
SMB Yes No
NFSYesYes

Important

Red Hat Gluster Storage requires certain ports to be open. You must ensure that the firewall settings allow access to the ports listed at Chapter 3, Verifying Port Access.

6.1. Native Client
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Native Client is a FUSE-based client running in user space. Native Client is the recommended method for accessing Red Hat Gluster Storage volumes when high concurrency and high write performance is required.
This section introduces Native Client and explains how to install the software on client machines. This section also describes how to mount Red Hat Gluster Storage volumes on clients (both manually and automatically) and how to verify that the Red Hat Gluster Storage volume has mounted successfully.
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Table 6.3. Red Hat Gluster Storage Support Matrix
Red Hat Enterprise Linux version Red Hat Gluster Storage version Native client version
6.5 3.0 3.0, 2.1*
6.6 3.0.2, 3.0.3, 3.0.4 3.0, 2.1*
6.73.1, 3.1.1, 3.1.23.1, 3.0, 2.1*
6.83.1.33.1.3
6.93.23.1.3, 3.2
7.13.1, 3.1.13.1, 3.0, 2.1*
7.23.1.23.1, 3.0, 2.1*
7.23.1.33.1.3
7.33.23.1.3, 3.2

Warning

If you want to access a volume being provided by a Red Hat Gluster Storage 3.2 server, your client must also be using Red Hat Gluster Storage 3.2. Accessing Red Hat Gluster Storage 3.2 volumes from other client versions can result in data becoming unavailable and problems with directory operations. This requirement exists because Red Hat Gluster Storage 3.1.3 contains a number of changes that affect how the Distributed Hash Table works in order to improve directory consistency and remove the effects seen in BZ#1115367 and BZ#1118762.

Note

If an existing Red Hat Gluster Storage 2.1 cluster is upgraded to Red Hat Gluster Storage 3.x, older 2.1 based clients can mount the new 3.x volumes, however, clients must be upgraded to Red Hat Gluster Storage 3.x to run rebalance operation. For more information, see Section 6.1.3, “Mounting Red Hat Gluster Storage Volumes”

6.1.1. Installing Native Client
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After installing the client operating system, register the target system to Red Hat Network and subscribe to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server channel.

Important

All clients must be of the same version. Red Hat strongly recommends upgrading the servers before upgrading the clients.

Use the Command Line to Register and Subscribe a System to Red Hat Network

Register the system using the command line, and subscribe to the correct channels.

Prerequisites

  • Know the user name and password of the Red Hat Network (RHN) account with Red Hat Gluster Storage entitlements.
  1. Run the rhn_register command to register the system. 
    # rhn_register
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  2. In the Operating System Release Version screen, select All available updates and follow the prompts to register the system to the standard base channel of the respective Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server version.
  3. Run the rhn-channel --add --channel command to subscribe the system to the correct Red Hat Gluster Storage Native Client channel:
    • For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.x clients using Red Hat Satellite Server: 
      # rhn-channel --add --channel=rhel-x86_64-server-7-rh-gluster-3-client
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      Note

      The following command can also be used, but Red Hat Gluster Storage may deprecate support for this channel in future releases. 
      # rhn-channel --add --channel=rhel-x86_64-server-rh-common-7
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    • For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.x clients: 
      # rhn-channel --add --channel=rhel-x86_64-server-rhsclient-6
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    • For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.x clients: 
      # rhn-channel --add --channel=rhel-x86_64-server-rhsclient-5
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  4. Verify that the system is subscribed to the required channels. 
    # yum repolist
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Use the Command Line to Register and Subscribe a System to Red Hat Subscription Management

Register the system using the command line, and subscribe to the correct repositories.

Prerequisites

  • Know the user name and password of the Red Hat Subscription Manager account with Red Hat Gluster Storage entitlements.
  1. Run the subscription-manager register command and enter your Red Hat Subscription Manager user name and password to register the system with Red Hat Subscription Manager. 
    # subscription-manager register --auto-attach
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  2. Depending on your client, run one of the following commands to subscribe to the correct repositories.
    • For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.x clients: 
      # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-rpms --enable=rh-gluster-3-client-for-rhel-7-server-rpms
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      Note

      The following command can also be used, but Red Hat Gluster Storage may deprecate support for this repository in future releases. 
      # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-rh-common-rpms
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    • For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.1 and later clients: 
      # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-6-server-rpms --enable=rhel-6-server-rhs-client-1-rpms
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    • For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.7 and later clients: 
      # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-5-server-rpms --enable=rhel-5-server-rhs-client-1-rpms
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    For more information, see Section 3.2 Registering from the Command Line in Using and Configuring Red Hat Subscription Management.
  3. Verify that the system is subscribed to the required repositories. 
    # yum repolist
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Use the Web Interface to Register and Subscribe a System

Register the system using the web interface, and subscribe to the correct channels.

Prerequisites

  • Know the user name and password of the Red Hat Network (RHN) account with Red Hat Gluster Storage entitlements.
  1. Log on to Red Hat Network (http://rhn.redhat.com).
  2. Move the mouse cursor over the Subscriptions link at the top of the screen, and then click the Registered Systems link.
  3. Click the name of the system to which the Red Hat Gluster Storage Native Client channel must be appended.
  4. Click Alter Channel Subscriptions in the Subscribed Channels section of the screen.
  5. Expand the node for Additional Services Channels for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 for x86_64 or Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 for x86_64 or for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 for x86_64 depending on the client platform.
  6. Click the Change Subscriptions button to finalize the changes.
    When the page refreshes, select the Details tab to verify the system is subscribed to the appropriate channels.

Install Native Client Packages

Install Native Client packages from Red Hat Network
  1. Run the yum install command to install the native client RPM packages. 
    # yum install glusterfs glusterfs-fuse
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  2. For Red Hat Enterprise 5.x client systems, run the modprobe command to load FUSE modules before mounting Red Hat Gluster Storage volumes. 
    # modprobe fuse
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    For more information on loading modules at boot time, see https://access.redhat.com/knowledge/solutions/47028 .

6.1.2. Upgrading Native Client
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Before updating the Native Client, subscribe the clients to the channels mentioned in Section 6.1.1, “Installing Native Client”

Warning

If you want to access a volume being provided by a Red Hat Gluster Storage 3.1.3 server, your client must also be using Red Hat Gluster Storage 3.1.3. Accessing Red Hat Gluster Storage 3.1.3 volumes from other client versions can result in data becoming unavailable and problems with directory operations. This requirement exists because Red Hat Gluster Storage 3.1.3 contains a number of changes that affect how the Distributed Hash Table works in order to improve directory consistency and remove the effects seen in BZ#1115367 and BZ#1118762.

  1. Unmount gluster volumes

    Unmount any gluster volumes prior to upgrading the native client. 
    # umount /mnt/glusterfs
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  2. Upgrade the client

    Run the yum update command to upgrade the native client: 
    # yum update glusterfs glusterfs-fuse
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  3. Remount gluster volumes

    Remount volumes as discussed in Section 6.1.3, “Mounting Red Hat Gluster Storage Volumes”.

6.1.3. Mounting Red Hat Gluster Storage Volumes
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After installing Native Client, the Red Hat Gluster Storage volumes must be mounted to access data. Two methods are available:
After mounting a volume, test the mounted volume using the procedure described in Section 6.1.3.4, “Testing Mounted Volumes”.

Note

  • For Red Hat Gluster Storage 3.2, the recommended native client version should either be 3.2.z, or 3.1.z.
  • Server names selected during volume creation should be resolvable in the client machine. Use appropriate /etc/hosts entries, or a DNS server to resolve server names to IP addresses.

6.1.3.1. Mount Commands and Options
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The following options are available when using the mount -t glusterfs command. All options must be separated with commas. 
# mount -t glusterfs -o backup-volfile-servers=volfile_server2:volfile_server3:.... ..:volfile_serverN,transport-type tcp,log-level=WARNING,log-file=/var/log/gluster.log server1:/test-volume /mnt/glusterfs
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backup-volfile-servers=<volfile_server2>:<volfile_server3>:...:<volfile_serverN>
List of the backup volfile servers to mount the client. If this option is specified while mounting the fuse client, when the first volfile server fails, the servers specified in backup-volfile-servers option are used as volfile servers to mount the client until the mount is successful.

Note

This option was earlier specified as backupvolfile-server which is no longer valid.
log-level
Logs only specified level or higher severity messages in the log-file.
log-file
Logs the messages in the specified file.
transport-type
Specifies the transport type that FUSE client must use to communicate with bricks. If the volume was created with only one transport type, then that becomes the default when no value is specified. In case of tcp,rdma volume, tcp is the default.
ro
Mounts the file system as read only.
acl
Enables POSIX Access Control List on mount. See Section 6.4.4, “Checking ACL enablement on a mounted volume” for further information.
background-qlen=n
Enables FUSE to handle n number of requests to be queued before subsequent requests are denied. Default value of n is 64.
enable-ino32
this option enables file system to present 32-bit inodes instead of 64- bit inodes.

6.1.3.2. Mounting Volumes Manually
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Manually Mount a Red Hat Gluster Storage Volume

Create a mount point and run the mount -t glusterfs HOSTNAME|IPADDRESS:/VOLNAME /MOUNTDIR command to manually mount a Red Hat Gluster Storage volume.

Note

The server specified in the mount command is used to fetch the glusterFS configuration volfile, which describes the volume name. The client then communicates directly with the servers mentioned in the volfile (which may not actually include the server used for mount).
  1. If a mount point has not yet been created for the volume, run the mkdir command to create a mount point. 
    # mkdir /mnt/glusterfs
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  2. Run the mount -t glusterfs command, using the key in the task summary as a guide. 
    # mount -t glusterfs server1:/test-volume /mnt/glusterfs
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6.1.3.3. Mounting Volumes Automatically
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Volumes can be mounted automatically each time the systems starts.
The server specified in the mount command is used to fetch the glusterFS configuration volfile, which describes the volume name. The client then communicates directly with the servers mentioned in the volfile (which may not actually include the server used for mount).
Mounting a Volume Automatically
Mount a Red Hat Gluster Storage Volume automatically at server start.
  1. Open the /etc/fstab file in a text editor.
  2. Append the following configuration to the fstab file. 
    HOSTNAME|IPADDRESS:/VOLNAME /MOUNTDIR glusterfs defaults,_netdev 0 0
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    Using the example server names, the entry contains the following replaced values. 
    server1:/test-volume /mnt/glusterfs glusterfs defaults,_netdev 0 0
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    If you want to specify the transport type then check the following example: 
    server1:/test-volume /mnt/glusterfs glusterfs defaults,_netdev,transport=tcp 0 0
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6.1.3.4. Testing Mounted Volumes
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Testing Mounted Red Hat Gluster Storage Volumes

Using the command-line, verify the Red Hat Gluster Storage volumes have been successfully mounted. All three commands can be run in the order listed, or used independently to verify a volume has been successfully mounted.
  1. Run the mount command to check whether the volume was successfully mounted. 
    # mount
server1:/test-volume on /mnt/glusterfs type fuse.glusterfs(rw,allow_other,default_permissions,max_read=131072
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    If transport option is used while mounting a volume, mount status will have the transport type appended to the volume name. For example, for transport=tcp: 
    # mount
server1:/test-volume.tcp on /mnt/glusterfs type fuse.glusterfs(rw,allow_other,default_permissions,max_read=131072
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  2. Run the df command to display the aggregated storage space from all the bricks in a volume. 
    # df -h /mnt/glusterfs
Filesystem           Size  Used  Avail  Use%  Mounted on
server1:/test-volume  28T  22T   5.4T   82%   /mnt/glusterfs
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  3. Move to the mount directory using the cd command, and list the contents. 
    # cd /mnt/glusterfs
# ls
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