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Chapter 2. Installing Debezium connectors

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Install Debezium connectors through AMQ Streams by extending Kafka Connect with connector plug-ins. Following a deployment of AMQ Streams, you can deploy Debezium as a connector configuration through Kafka Connect.

2.1. Kafka topic creation recommendations

Debezium stores data in multiple Apache Kafka topics. The topics must either be created in advance by an administrator, or you can configure Kafka Connect to configure topics automatically.

The following list describes limitations and recommendations to consider when creating topics:

Database schema history topics for the Debezium Db2, MySQL, Oracle, and SQL Server connectors

For each of the preceding connectors a database schema history topic is required. Whether you manually create the database schema history topic, use the Kafka broker to create the topic automatically, or use Kafka Connect to create the topic, ensure that the topic is configured with the following settings:

  • Infinite or very long retention.
  • Replication factor of at least three in production environments.
  • Single partition.
Other topics

  • When you enable Kafka log compaction so that only the last change event for a given record is saved, set the following topic properties in Apache Kafka:

    • min.compaction.lag.ms

    • delete.retention.ms

      To ensure that topic consumers have enough time to receive all events and delete markers, specify values for the preceding properties that are larger than the maximum downtime that you expect for your sink connectors. For example, consider the downtime that might occur when you apply updates to sink connectors.

  • Replicated in production.

  • Single partition.

    You can relax the single partition rule, but your application must handle out-of-order events for different rows in the database. Events for a single row are still totally ordered. If you use multiple partitions, the default behavior is that Kafka determines the partition by hashing the key. Other partition strategies require the use of single message transformations (SMTs) to set the partition number for each record.

2.2. Debezium deployment on AMQ Streams

To set up connectors for Debezium on Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform, you use AMQ Streams to build a Kafka Connect container image that includes the connector plug-in for each connector that you want to use. After the connector starts, it connects to the configured database and generates change event records for each inserted, updated, and deleted row or document.

Beginning with Debezium 1.7, the preferred method for deploying a Debezium connector is to use AMQ Streams to build a Kafka Connect container image that includes the connector plug-in.

During the deployment process, you create and use the following custom resources (CRs):

  • A KafkaConnect CR that defines your Kafka Connect instance and includes information about the connector artifacts needs to include in the image.
  • A KafkaConnector CR that provides details that include information the connector uses to access the source database. After AMQ Streams starts the Kafka Connect pod, you start the connector by applying the KafkaConnector CR.

In the build specification for the Kafka Connect image, you can specify the connectors that are available to deploy. For each connector plug-in, you can also specify other components that you want to make available for deployment. For example, you can add Service Registry artifacts, or the Debezium scripting component. When AMQ Streams builds the Kafka Connect image, it downloads the specified artifacts, and incorporates them into the image.

The spec.build.output parameter in the KafkaConnect CR specifies where to store the resulting Kafka Connect container image. Container images can be stored in a Docker registry, or in an OpenShift ImageStream. To store images in an ImageStream, you must create the ImageStream before you deploy Kafka Connect. ImageStreams are not created automatically.

Note

If you use a KafkaConnect resource to create a cluster, afterwards you cannot use the Kafka Connect REST API to create or update connectors. You can still use the REST API to retrieve information.

Additional resources

2.2.1. Deploying Debezium with AMQ Streams

You follow the same steps to deploy each type of Debezium connector. The following section describes how to deploy a Debezium MySQL connector.

With earlier versions of AMQ Streams, to deploy Debezium connectors on OpenShift, you were required to first build a Kafka Connect image for the connector. The current preferred method for deploying connectors on OpenShift is to use a build configuration in AMQ Streams to automatically build a Kafka Connect container image that includes the Debezium connector plug-ins that you want to use.

During the build process, the AMQ Streams Operator transforms input parameters in a KafkaConnect custom resource, including Debezium connector definitions, into a Kafka Connect container image. The build downloads the necessary artifacts from the Red Hat Maven repository or another configured HTTP server.

The newly created container is pushed to the container registry that is specified in .spec.build.output, and is used to deploy a Kafka Connect cluster. After AMQ Streams builds the Kafka Connect image, you create KafkaConnector custom resources to start the connectors that are included in the build.

Prerequisites

  • You have access to an OpenShift cluster on which the cluster Operator is installed.
  • The AMQ Streams Operator is running.
  • An Apache Kafka cluster is deployed as documented in Deploying and Managing AMQ Streams on OpenShift.
  • Kafka Connect is deployed on AMQ Streams
  • You have a Red Hat Integration license.
  • The OpenShift oc CLI client is installed or you have access to the OpenShift Container Platform web console.

  • Depending on how you intend to store the Kafka Connect build image, you need registry permissions or you must create an ImageStream resource:

    To store the build image in an image registry, such as Red Hat Quay.io or Docker Hub
    • An account and permissions to create and manage images in the registry.
    To store the build image as a native OpenShift ImageStream
    • An ImageStream resource is deployed to the cluster for storing new container images. You must explicitly create an ImageStream for the cluster. ImageStreams are not available by default. For more information about ImageStreams, see Managing image streams in the OpenShift Container Platform documentation.

Procedure

  1. Log in to the OpenShift cluster.

  2. Create a Debezium KafkaConnect custom resource (CR) for the connector, or modify an existing one. For example, create a KafkaConnect CR with the name dbz-connect.yaml that specifies the metadata.annotations and spec.build properties. The following example shows an excerpt from a dbz-connect.yaml file that describes a KafkaConnect custom resource.

    Example 2.1. A dbz-connect.yaml file that defines a KafkaConnect custom resource that includes a Debezium connector

    In the example that follows, the custom resource is configured to download the following artifacts:

    • The Debezium connector archive.
    • The Service Registry archive. The Service Registry is an optional component. Add the Service Registry component only if you intend to use Avro serialization with the connector.
    • The Debezium scripting SMT archive and the associated scripting engine that you want to use with the Debezium connector. The SMT archive and scripting language dependencies are optional components. Add these components only if you intend to use the Debezium content-based routing SMT or filter SMT. 
    apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: KafkaConnect
metadata:
  name: debezium-kafka-connect-cluster
  annotations:
    strimzi.io/use-connector-resources: "true" 1
spec:
  version: 3.5.0
  build: 2
    output: 3
      type: imagestream  4
      image: debezium-streams-connect:latest
    plugins: 5
      - name: debezium-connector-mysql
        artifacts:
          - type: zip 6
            url: https://maven.repository.redhat.com/ga/io/debezium/debezium-connector-mysql/2.3.4.Final-redhat-00001/debezium-connector-mysql-2.3.4.Final-redhat-00001-plugin.zip  7
          - type: zip
            url: https://maven.repository.redhat.com/ga/io/apicurio/apicurio-registry-distro-connect-converter/2.4.4.Final-redhat-<build-number>/apicurio-registry-distro-connect-converter-2.4.4.Final-redhat-<build-number>.zip  8
          - type: zip
            url: https://maven.repository.redhat.com/ga/io/debezium/debezium-scripting/2.3.4.Final-redhat-00001/debezium-scripting-2.3.4.Final-redhat-00001.zip 9
          - type: jar
            url: https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy/3.0.11/groovy-3.0.11.jar  10
          - type: jar
            url: https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-jsr223/3.0.11/groovy-jsr223-3.0.11.jar
          - type: jar
            url: https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/codehaus/groovy/groovy-json3.0.11/groovy-json-3.0.11.jar

  bootstrapServers: debezium-kafka-cluster-kafka-bootstrap:9093

  ...
    Table 2.1. Descriptions of Kafka Connect configuration settings
    ItemDescription

    1

    Sets the strimzi.io/use-connector-resources annotation to "true" to enable the Cluster Operator to use KafkaConnector resources to configure connectors in this Kafka Connect cluster.

    2

    The spec.build configuration specifies where to store the build image and lists the plug-ins to include in the image, along with the location of the plug-in artifacts.

    3

    The build.output specifies the registry in which the newly built image is stored.

    4

    Specifies the name and image name for the image output. Valid values for output.type are docker to push into a container registry such as Docker Hub or Quay, or imagestream to push the image to an internal OpenShift ImageStream. To use an ImageStream, an ImageStream resource must be deployed to the cluster. For more information about specifying the build.output in the KafkaConnect configuration, see the AMQ Streams Build schema reference in Configuring AMQ Streams on OpenShift.

    5

    The plugins configuration lists all of the connectors that you want to include in the Kafka Connect image. For each entry in the list, specify a plug-in name, and information for about the artifacts that are required to build the connector. Optionally, for each connector plug-in, you can include other components that you want to be available for use with the connector. For example, you can add Service Registry artifacts, or the Debezium scripting component.

    6

    The value of artifacts.type specifies the file type of the artifact specified in the artifacts.url. Valid types are zip, tgz, or jar. Debezium connector archives are provided in .zip file format. The type value must match the type of the file that is referenced in the url field.

    7

    The value of artifacts.url specifies the address of an HTTP server, such as a Maven repository, that stores the file for the connector artifact. Debezium connector artifacts are available in the Red Hat Maven repository. The OpenShift cluster must have access to the specified server.

    8

    (Optional) Specifies the artifact type and url for downloading the Service Registry component. Include the Service Registry artifact, only if you want the connector to use Apache Avro to serialize event keys and values with the Service Registry, instead of using the default JSON converter.

    9

    (Optional) Specifies the artifact type and url for the Debezium scripting SMT archive to use with the Debezium connector. Include the scripting SMT only if you intend to use the Debezium content-based routing SMT or filter SMT To use the scripting SMT, you must also deploy a JSR 223-compliant scripting implementation, such as groovy.

    10

    (Optional) Specifies the artifact type and url for the JAR files of a JSR 223-compliant scripting implementation, which is required by the Debezium scripting SMT.

    Important

    If you use AMQ Streams to incorporate the connector plug-in into your Kafka Connect image, for each of the required scripting language components artifacts.url must specify the location of a JAR file, and the value of artifacts.type must also be set to jar. Invalid values cause the connector fails at runtime.

    To enable use of the Apache Groovy language with the scripting SMT, the custom resource in the example retrieves JAR files for the following libraries:

    • groovy
    • groovy-jsr223 (scripting agent)
    • groovy-json (module for parsing JSON strings)

    As an alternative, the Debezium scripting SMT also supports the use of the JSR 223 implementation of GraalVM JavaScript.

  3. Apply the KafkaConnect build specification to the OpenShift cluster by entering the following command: 

    oc create -f dbz-connect.yaml

    Based on the configuration specified in the custom resource, the Streams Operator prepares a Kafka Connect image to deploy.
    After the build completes, the Operator pushes the image to the specified registry or ImageStream, and starts the Kafka Connect cluster. The connector artifacts that you listed in the configuration are available in the cluster.

  4. Create a KafkaConnector resource to define an instance of each connector that you want to deploy.
    For example, create the following KafkaConnector CR, and save it as mysql-inventory-connector.yaml

    Example 2.2. mysql-inventory-connector.yaml file that defines the KafkaConnector custom resource for a Debezium connector

        apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
    kind: KafkaConnector
    metadata:
      labels:
        strimzi.io/cluster: debezium-kafka-connect-cluster
      name: inventory-connector-mysql 1
    spec:
      class: io.debezium.connector.mysql.MySqlConnector 2
      tasksMax: 1  3
      config:  4
        schema.history.internal.kafka.bootstrap.servers: debezium-kafka-cluster-kafka-bootstrap.debezium.svc.cluster.local:9092
        schema.history.internal.kafka.topic: schema-changes.inventory
        database.hostname: mysql.debezium-mysql.svc.cluster.local 5
        database.port: 3306   6
        database.user: debezium  7
        database.password: dbz  8
        database.server.id: 184054 9
        topic.prefix: inventory-connector-mysql 10
        table.include.list: inventory.*  11

        ...
    Table 2.2. Descriptions of connector configuration settings
    ItemDescription

    1

    The name of the connector to register with the Kafka Connect cluster.

    2

    The name of the connector class.

    3

    The number of tasks that can operate concurrently.

    4

    The connector’s configuration.

    5

    The address of the host database instance.

    6

    The port number of the database instance.

    7

    The name of the account that Debezium uses to connect to the database.

    8

    The password that Debezium uses to connect to the database user account.

    9

    Unique numeric ID of the connector.

    10

    The topic prefix for the database instance or cluster.
    The specified name must be formed only from alphanumeric characters or underscores.
    Because the topic prefix is used as the prefix for any Kafka topics that receive change events from this connector, the name must be unique among the connectors in the cluster.
    This namespace is also used in the names of related Kafka Connect schemas, and the namespaces of a corresponding Avro schema if you integrate the connector with the Avro connector.

    11

    The list of tables from which the connector captures change events.

  5. Create the connector resource by running the following command: 

    oc create -n <namespace> -f <kafkaConnector>.yaml

    For example, 

    oc create -n debezium -f mysql-inventory-connector.yaml

    The connector is registered to the Kafka Connect cluster and starts to run against the database that is specified by spec.config.database.dbname in the KafkaConnector CR. After the connector pod is ready, Debezium is running.

You are now ready to verify the Debezium deployment.

2.2.2. Verifying that the Debezium connector is running

If the connector starts correctly without errors, it creates a topic for each table that the connector is configured to capture. Downstream applications can subscribe to these topics to retrieve information events that occur in the source database.

To verify that the connector is running, you perform the following operations from the OpenShift Container Platform web console, or through the OpenShift CLI tool (oc):

  • Verify the connector status.
  • Verify that the connector generates topics.
  • Verify that topics are populated with events for read operations ("op":"r") that the connector generates during the initial snapshot of each table.

Prerequisites

  • A Debezium connector is deployed to AMQ Streams on OpenShift.
  • The OpenShift oc CLI client is installed.
  • You have access to the OpenShift Container Platform web console.

Procedure

  1. Check the status of the KafkaConnector resource by using one of the following methods:

    • From the OpenShift Container Platform web console:

      1. Navigate to Home Search.
      2. On the Search page, click Resources to open the Select Resource box, and then type KafkaConnector.
      3. From the KafkaConnectors list, click the name of the connector that you want to check, for example inventory-connector-mysql.
      4. In the Conditions section, verify that the values in the Type and Status columns are set to Ready and True.

    • From a terminal window:

      1. Enter the following command: 

        oc describe KafkaConnector <connector-name> -n <project>

        For example, 

        oc describe KafkaConnector inventory-connector-mysql -n debezium

        The command returns status information that is similar to the following output:

        Example 2.3. KafkaConnector resource status

        Name:         inventory-connector-mysql
Namespace:    debezium
Labels:       strimzi.io/cluster=debezium-kafka-connect-cluster
Annotations:  <none>
API Version:  kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
Kind:         KafkaConnector

...

Status:
  Conditions:
    Last Transition Time:  2021-12-08T17:41:34.897153Z
    Status:                True
    Type:                  Ready
  Connector Status:
    Connector:
      State:      RUNNING
      worker_id:  10.131.1.124:8083
    Name:         inventory-connector-mysql
    Tasks:
      Id:               0
      State:            RUNNING
      worker_id:        10.131.1.124:8083
    Type:               source
  Observed Generation:  1
  Tasks Max:            1
  Topics:
    inventory-connector-mysql.inventory
    inventory-connector-mysql.inventory.addresses
    inventory-connector-mysql.inventory.customers
    inventory-connector-mysql.inventory.geom
    inventory-connector-mysql.inventory.orders
    inventory-connector-mysql.inventory.products
    inventory-connector-mysql.inventory.products_on_hand
Events:  <none>

  2. Verify that the connector created Kafka topics:

    • From the OpenShift Container Platform web console.

      1. Navigate to Home Search.
      2. On the Search page, click Resources to open the Select Resource box, and then type KafkaTopic.
      3. From the KafkaTopics list, click the name of the topic that you want to check, for example, inventory-connector-mysql.inventory.orders---ac5e98ac6a5d91e04d8ec0dc9078a1ece439081d.
      4. In the Conditions section, verify that the values in the Type and Status columns are set to Ready and True.

    • From a terminal window:

      1. Enter the following command: 

        oc get kafkatopics

        The command returns status information that is similar to the following output:

        Example 2.4. KafkaTopic resource status

        NAME                                                                    CLUSTER               PARTITIONS   REPLICATION FACTOR   READY
connect-cluster-configs                                                 debezium-kafka-cluster   1            1                    True
connect-cluster-offsets                                                 debezium-kafka-cluster   25           1                    True
connect-cluster-status                                                  debezium-kafka-cluster   5            1                    True
consumer-offsets---84e7a678d08f4bd226872e5cdd4eb527fadc1c6a             debezium-kafka-cluster   50           1                    True
inventory-connector-mysql--a96f69b23d6118ff415f772679da623fbbb99421                               debezium-kafka-cluster   1            1                    True
inventory-connector-mysql.inventory.addresses---1b6beaf7b2eb57d177d92be90ca2b210c9a56480          debezium-kafka-cluster   1            1                    True
inventory-connector-mysql.inventory.customers---9931e04ec92ecc0924f4406af3fdace7545c483b          debezium-kafka-cluster   1            1                    True
inventory-connector-mysql.inventory.geom---9f7e136091f071bf49ca59bf99e86c713ee58dd5               debezium-kafka-cluster   1            1                    True
inventory-connector-mysql.inventory.orders---ac5e98ac6a5d91e04d8ec0dc9078a1ece439081d             debezium-kafka-cluster   1            1                    True
inventory-connector-mysql.inventory.products---df0746db116844cee2297fab611c21b56f82dcef           debezium-kafka-cluster   1            1                    True
inventory-connector-mysql.inventory.products_on_hand---8649e0f17ffcc9212e266e31a7aeea4585e5c6b5   debezium-kafka-cluster   1            1                    True
schema-changes.inventory                                                debezium-kafka-cluster   1            1                    True
strimzi-store-topic---effb8e3e057afce1ecf67c3f5d8e4e3ff177fc55          debezium-kafka-cluster   1            1                    True
strimzi-topic-operator-kstreams-topic-store-changelog---b75e702040b99be8a9263134de3507fc0cc4017b  debezium-kafka-cluster  1   1    True

  3. Check topic content.

    • From a terminal window, enter the following command: 
    oc exec -n <project>  -it <kafka-cluster> -- /opt/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh \
>     --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 \
>     --from-beginning \
>     --property print.key=true \
>     --topic=<topic-name>

    For example, 

    oc exec -n debezium  -it debezium-kafka-cluster-kafka-0 -- /opt/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh \
>     --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 \
>     --from-beginning \
>     --property print.key=true \
>     --topic=inventory-connector-mysql.inventory.products_on_hand

    The format for specifying the topic name is the same as the oc describe command returns in Step 1, for example, inventory-connector-mysql.inventory.addresses.

    For each event in the topic, the command returns information that is similar to the following output:

    Example 2.5. Content of a Debezium change event

    {"schema":{"type":"struct","fields":[{"type":"int32","optional":false,"field":"product_id"}],"optional":false,"name":"inventory-connector-mysql.inventory.products_on_hand.Key"},"payload":{"product_id":101}} {"schema":{"type":"struct","fields":[{"type":"struct","fields":[{"type":"int32","optional":false,"field":"product_id"},{"type":"int32","optional":false,"field":"quantity"}],"optional":true,"name":"inventory-connector-mysql.inventory.products_on_hand.Value","field":"before"},{"type":"struct","fields":[{"type":"int32","optional":false,"field":"product_id"},{"type":"int32","optional":false,"field":"quantity"}],"optional":true,"name":"inventory-connector-mysql.inventory.products_on_hand.Value","field":"after"},{"type":"struct","fields":[{"type":"string","optional":false,"field":"version"},{"type":"string","optional":false,"field":"connector"},{"type":"string","optional":false,"field":"name"},{"type":"int64","optional":false,"field":"ts_ms"},{"type":"string","optional":true,"name":"io.debezium.data.Enum","version":1,"parameters":{"allowed":"true,last,false"},"default":"false","field":"snapshot"},{"type":"string","optional":false,"field":"db"},{"type":"string","optional":true,"field":"sequence"},{"type":"string","optional":true,"field":"table"},{"type":"int64","optional":false,"field":"server_id"},{"type":"string","optional":true,"field":"gtid"},{"type":"string","optional":false,"field":"file"},{"type":"int64","optional":false,"field":"pos"},{"type":"int32","optional":false,"field":"row"},{"type":"int64","optional":true,"field":"thread"},{"type":"string","optional":true,"field":"query"}],"optional":false,"name":"io.debezium.connector.mysql.Source","field":"source"},{"type":"string","optional":false,"field":"op"},{"type":"int64","optional":true,"field":"ts_ms"},{"type":"struct","fields":[{"type":"string","optional":false,"field":"id"},{"type":"int64","optional":false,"field":"total_order"},{"type":"int64","optional":false,"field":"data_collection_order"}],"optional":true,"field":"transaction"}],"optional":false,"name":"inventory-connector-mysql.inventory.products_on_hand.Envelope"},"payload":{"before":null,"after":{"product_id":101,"quantity":3},"source":{"version":"2.3.4.Final-redhat-00001","connector":"mysql","name":"inventory-connector-mysql","ts_ms":1638985247805,"snapshot":"true","db":"inventory","sequence":null,"table":"products_on_hand","server_id":0,"gtid":null,"file":"mysql-bin.000003","pos":156,"row":0,"thread":null,"query":null},"op":"r","ts_ms":1638985247805,"transaction":null}}

    In the preceding example, the payload value shows that the connector snapshot generated a read ("op" ="r") event from the table inventory.products_on_hand. The "before" state of the product_id record is null, indicating that no previous value exists for the record. The "after" state shows a quantity of 3 for the item with product_id 101.

You can run Debezium with multiple Kafka Connect service clusters and multiple Kafka clusters. The number of connectors that you can deploy to a Kafka Connect cluster depends on the volume and rate of database events.

Next steps

For more information about deploying specific connectors, see the following topics in the Debezium User Guide:

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