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19.2. The Second Level Cache

A Hibernate Session is a transaction-level cache of persistent data. It is possible to configure a cluster or JVM-level (SessionFactory-level) cache on a class-by-class and collection-by-collection basis. You can even plug in a clustered cache. Be aware that caches are not aware of changes made to the persistent store by another application. They can, however, be configured to regularly expire cached data.
You have the option to tell Hibernate which caching implementation to use by specifying the name of a class that implements org.hibernate.cache.CacheProvider using the property hibernate.cache.provider_class. Hibernate is bundled with a number of built-in integrations with the open-source cache providers that are listed below. You can also implement your own and plug it in as outlined above.
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Table 19.1. Cache Providers
Cache Provider class Type Cluster Safe Query Cache Supported
Hashtable (not intended for production use) org.hibernate.cache.HashtableCacheProvider memory yes
EHCache org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider memory, disk yes
OSCache org.hibernate.cache.OSCacheProvider memory, disk yes
SwarmCache org.hibernate.cache.SwarmCacheProvider clustered (ip multicast) yes (clustered invalidation)
JBoss Cache 1.x org.hibernate.cache.TreeCacheProvider clustered (ip multicast), transactional yes (replication) yes (clock sync req.)
JBoss Cache 2 org.hibernate.cache.jbc2.JBossCacheRegionFactory clustered (ip multicast), transactional yes (replication or invalidation) yes (clock sync req.)

19.2.1. Cache mappings
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The <cache> element of a class or collection mapping has the following form: 
<cache 
    usage="transactional|read-write|nonstrict-read-write|read-only"   
    region="RegionName"                                               
    include="all|non-lazy"                                            
/>
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1

usage (required) specifies the caching strategy: transactional, read-write, nonstrict-read-write or read-only

2

region (optional: defaults to the class or collection role name): specifies the name of the second level cache region

3

include (optional: defaults to all) non-lazy: specifies that properties of the entity mapped with lazy="true" cannot be cached when attribute-level lazy fetching is enabled
Alternatively, you can specify <class-cache> and <collection-cache> elements in hibernate.cfg.xml.
The usage attribute specifies a cache concurrency strategy.
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