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Chapter 8. Using a Password Vault with Red Hat JBoss Web Server 3

8.1. Using a Password Vault with Red Hat JBoss Web Server 3
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A password vault is used to mask passwords and other sensitive strings, and store them in an encrypted Java keystore. This allows you to eliminate storing clear-text passwords in your Tomcat configuration files, as Tomcat can lookup passwords and other sensitive strings from a keystore using the vault.

The examples and commands below use JWS_HOME as the JBoss Web Server installation directory. Replace JWS_HOME with the path to your JBoss Web Server installation. Also, the paths below use / for directory separators.

8.1.1. Installing the JBoss Web Server password vault
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There are two methods of installing the JBoss Web Server password vault:

Where the JBoss Web Server has been installed from RPMs on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, install the password vault as the root user by executing: 

yum install tomcat-vault tomcat-vault-tomcat<VERSION>
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Where <VERSION> is either 7 for tomcat 7 (tomcat-vault-tomcat7) or 8 for tomcat 8 (tomcat-vault-tomcat8).

Note

In the tomcat-vault RPM installation, the vault jar is located in /usr/share/java/vault-tomcat-<VERSION>-jar-with-dependencies.jar. This jar can be used in JWS zip installation: JWS_HOME/tomcat_<VERSION>_/lib/ For JWS RPM installation: /usr/share/tomcat<VERSION>/lib.

  1. Stop Tomcat if it is running.
  2. Extract the contents of the vault zip to your JWS_HOME directory. In this topic, JWS_HOME/tomcat-vault will refer to the extracted vault directory.
  3. Copy JWS_HOME/tomcat-vault/modules/system/layers/base/tomcat-vault/main/tomcat-vault.jar to JWS_HOME/tomcat<VERSION>/lib/. Edit JWS_HOME/tomcat<VERSION>/conf/catalina.properties, and add the following line: 
org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.PROPERTY_SOURCE=org.apache.tomcat.vault.util.PropertySourceVault
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8.1.2. Creating a Java Keystore
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To use a password vault, you must first create a Java keystore. You can do this using the keytool -genseckey command. For example: 

$ keytool -genseckey -keystore JWS_HOME/tomcat/vault.keystore -alias my_vault  -storetype jceks -keyalg AES -keysize 128 -storepass <vault_password> -keypass <vault_password> -validity 730
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Important

The values above are examples only. Replace them with values specific to your environment.

For an explanation of the parameters, use the keytool -genseckey -help command.

This feature was introduced by JBoss Web Server 3.1 Service Pack 2.

The vault.properties file for the tomcat-vault can be stored outside of JWS_HOME/tomcat<VERSION>/conf/ in a CATALINA_BASE/conf/ directory (if set).

To set the CATALINA_BASE directory, follow the instructions in the section 'Advanced Configuration - Multiple Tomcat Instances' in the Running The Apache Tomcat 8.0 Servlet/JSP Container document found on the Apache Tomcat Website.

Note

The default location for CATALINA_BASE is JWS_HOME/tomcat<VERSION>/ (also known as CATALINA_HOME).

For more information on setting CATALINA_BASE, see:

8.1.4. Initializing the Password Vault
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The vault must be initialized before it can be used to store sensitive strings. This is done using the JWS_HOME/tomcat-vault/bin/tomcat-vault.sh vault script. For Microsoft Windows, the script is tomcat-vault.bat.

The script can be run interactively or non-interactively. Below is an example of an interactive execution of the script to initialize a password vault, with the values shown below using the example keystore from the previous step.

Important

The values below are examples only. Replace them with values appropriate for your environment. 

# JWS_HOME/tomcat-vault/bin/tomcat-vault.sh

WARNING JBOSS_HOME may be pointing to a different installation - unpredictable results may occur.

=========================================================================

  JBoss Vault

  JBOSS_HOME: JWS_HOME/tomcat-vault

  JAVA: java

=========================================================================

**********************************
****  JBoss Vault  ***************
**********************************
Please enter a Digit::
0: Start Interactive Session
1: Remove Interactive Session
2: Exit

0

Starting an interactive session
Enter directory to store encrypted files: JWS_HOME/tomcat-vault/
Enter Keystore URL: JWS_HOME/tomcat-vault/vault.keystore
Enter Keystore password: <vault_password>
Enter Keystore password again: <vault_password>
Values match
Enter 8 character salt: 1234abcd
Enter iteration count as a number (Eg: 44): 120
Enter Keystore Alias: my_vault
Initializing Vault
Jun 16, 2018 10:24:27 AM org.apache.tomcat.vault.security.vault.PicketBoxSecurityVault init
INFO: PBOX000361: Default Security Vault Implementation Initialized and Ready
Vault Configuration in tomcat properties file:
********************************************
...
KEYSTORE_URL=JWS_HOME/tomcat-vault/vault.keystore
KEYSTORE_PASSWORD=MASK-3CuP21KMHn7G6iH/A3YpM/
KEYSTORE_ALIAS=my_vault
SALT=1234abcd
ITERATION_COUNT=120
ENC_FILE_DIR=JWS_HOME/tomcat-vault/
...
**
Vault is initialized and ready for use
Handshake with Vault complete
Please enter a Digit::
0: Store a secured attribute
1: Check whether a secured attribute exists
2: Exit

2
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Note the output for the Tomcat properties file, as you will need this to configure Tomcat to use the vault.

Configuring Tomcat to Use the Password Vault

In JWS_HOME/tomcat<VERSION>/conf/, create a file named vault.properties containing the vault configuration produced when initializing the vault. The values provided below use the example vault initialized in the previous steps.

Note

For KEYSTORE_PASSWORD, you must use the masked value that was generated when initializing the vault. 

KEYSTORE_URL=JWS_HOME/tomcat-vault/vault.keystore
KEYSTORE_PASSWORD=MASK-3CuP21KMHn7G6iH/A3YpM/
KEYSTORE_ALIAS=my_vault
SALT=1234abcd
ITERATION_COUNT=120
ENC_FILE_DIR=JWS_HOME/tomcat-vault/
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The Vault for Apache Tomcat can be created non-interactively by providing the required input as arguments to the tomcat-vault.sh script. The vault.properties file is also created as output of the tomcat-vault.sh script when the -g, --generate-config option is used.

Important

The values below are examples only. Replace them with values appropriate for your environment. 

$ JWS_HOME/tomcat-vault/bin/tomcat-vault.sh \
 --keystore JWS_HOME/tomcat-vault/vault.keystore \
 --keystore-password <vault_password> \
 --alias my_vault \
 --enc-dir JWS_HOME/tomcat-vault/ \
 --iteration 120 \
 --salt 1234abcd \
 --generate-config JWS_HOME/tomcat<VERSION>/conf/vault.properties
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8.1.5. Storing a Sensitive String in the Password Vault
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The vault script used in the previous steps is also used to store sensitive strings in the password vault. The script can be run interactively or non-interactively.

When adding a string to a password vault, the sensitive string needs a name that it will be referred by. For a password vault, this name is called an attribute name, and the password itself is called a secured attribute.

The example below demonstrates using the vault script non-interactively to store a password. It uses the vault that was initialized in the previous steps, and stores the sensitive string P@SSW0#D with the attribute name manager_password. 

$ JWS_HOME/tomcat-vault/bin/tomcat-vault.sh --keystore JWS_HOME/tomcat-vault/vault.keystore --keystore-password <vault_password> --alias my_vault --enc-dir JWS_HOME/tomcat-vault/ --iteration 120 --salt 1234abcd --vault-block my_block --attribute manager_password --sec-attr P@SSW0#D
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Note

You can optionally specify a vault block to store the password in. If you don’t specify a block, one will be automatically created for you. In the above example, my_block is used.

After storing a sensitive string in the password vault, you can refer to it in your configuration files by entering the stored string’s attribute as ${VAULT::block_name::attribute_name::}.

For example, to use the password stored in the previous steps, replace: 

<user username="manager" password="P@SSW0#D" roles="manager-gui"/>
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with: 

<user username="manager" password="${VAULT::my_block::manager_password::}" roles="manager-gui"/>
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As a result, only a reference to the password is visible in the Tomcat configuration file, and the actual password is only stored in the password vault.

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