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Chapter 21. Native Container Routing

21.1. Overview
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This topic describes how to set up container networking using existing switches and routers and the kernel networking stack in Linux. The setup requires that the network administrator or a script modifies the router or routers when new nodes are added to the cluster.

Note

The procedures outlined in this topic can be adapted to any type of router.

21.2. Network Layout
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The following diagram shows the container networking setup described in this topic. It uses one Linux node with two network interface cards serving as a router, two switches, and three nodes connected to these switches.

Network Diagram
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Network Diagram

21.3. Network Overview
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The following describes a general network setup:

  • 11.11.0.0/16 is the container network.
  • The 11.11.x.0/24 subnet is reserved for each node and assigned to the Docker Linux bridge.
  • Each node has a route to the router for reaching anything in the 11.11.0.0/16 range, except the local subnet.
  • The router has routes for each node, so it can be directed to the right node.
  • Existing nodes do not need any changes when new nodes are added, unless the network topology is modified.
  • IP forwarding is enabled on each node.

21.4. Node setup
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  1. Assign an unused 11.11.x.0/24 subnet IP address to the Linux bridge on the node: 

    # brctl addbr lbr0
# ip addr add 11.11.1.1/24 dev lbr0
# ip link set dev lbr0 up
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Modify the Docker startup script to use the new bridge. By default, the startup script is the /etc/sysconfig/docker file: 

    # docker -d -b lbr0 --other-options
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Add a route to the router for the 11.11.0.0/16 network: 

    # ip route add 11.11.0.0/16 via 192.168.2.2 dev p3p1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Enable IP forwarding on the node: 

    # sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
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21.5. Router setup
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The following procedure assumes a Linux box with multiple NICs is used as a router. Modify the steps as required to use the syntax for a particular router:

  1. Enable IP forwarding on the router: 

    # sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Add a route for each node added to the cluster: 

    # ip route add <node_subnet> via <node_ip_address> dev <interface through which node is L2 accessible>
# ip route add 11.11.1.0/24 via 192.168.2.1 dev p3p1
# ip route add 11.11.2.0/24 via 192.168.3.3 dev p3p2
# ip route add 11.11.3.0/24 via 192.168.3.4 dev p3p2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
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