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Chapter 4. Replacing a master host

You can replace a failed master host.

First, remove the failed master host from your cluster, and then add a replacement master host. If the failed master host ran etcd, scale up etcd by adding etcd to the new master host.

Important

You must complete all sections of this topic.

4.1. Deprecating a master host
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Master hosts run important services, such as the OpenShift Container Platform API and controllers services. In order to deprecate a master host, these services must be stopped.

The OpenShift Container Platform API service is an active/active service, so stopping the service does not affect the environment as long as the requests are sent to a separate master server. However, the OpenShift Container Platform controllers service is an active/passive service, where the services leverage etcd to decide the active master.

Deprecating a master host in a multi-master architecture includes removing the master from the load balancer pool to avoid new connections attempting to use that master. This process depends heavily on the load balancer used. The steps below show the details of removing the master from haproxy. In the event that OpenShift Container Platform is running on a cloud provider, or using a F5 appliance, see the specific product documents to remove the master from rotation.

Procedure

  1. Remove the backend section in the /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg configuration file. For example, if deprecating a master named master-0.example.com using haproxy, ensure the host name is removed from the following: 

    backend mgmt8443
    balance source
    mode tcp
    # MASTERS 8443
    server master-1.example.com 192.168.55.12:8443 check
    server master-2.example.com 192.168.55.13:8443 check
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Then, restart the haproxy service. 

    $ sudo systemctl restart haproxy
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Once the master is removed from the load balancer, disable the API and controller services: 

    $ sudo systemctl disable --now atomic-openshift-master-api
$ sudo systemctl disable --now atomic-openshift-master-controllers
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
  4. Because the master host is a unschedulable OpenShift Container Platform node, follow the steps in the Deprecating a node host section.

  5. Remove the master host from the [masters] and [nodes] groups in the /etc/ansible/hosts Ansible inventory file to avoid issues if running any Ansible tasks using that inventory file.

    Warning

    Deprecating the first master host listed in the Ansible inventory file requires extra precautions.

    The /etc/origin/master/ca.serial.txt file is generated on only the first master listed in the Ansible host inventory. If you deprecate the first master host, copy the /etc/origin/master/ca.serial.txt file to the rest of master hosts before the process.

  6. The kubernetes service includes the master host IPs as endpoints. To verify that the master has been properly deprecated, review the kubernetes service output and see if the deprecated master has been removed: 

    $ oc describe svc kubernetes -n default
Name:			kubernetes
Namespace:		default
Labels:			component=apiserver
			provider=kubernetes
Annotations:		<none>
Selector:		<none>
Type:			ClusterIP
IP:			10.111.0.1
Port:			https	443/TCP
Endpoints:		192.168.55.12:8443,192.168.55.13:8443
Port:			dns	53/UDP
Endpoints:		192.168.55.12:8053,192.168.55.13:8053
Port:			dns-tcp	53/TCP
Endpoints:		192.168.55.12:8053,192.168.55.13:8053
Session Affinity:	ClientIP
Events:			<none>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    After the master has been successfully deprecated, the host where the master was previously running can be safely deleted.

4.2. Adding hosts
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You can add new hosts to your cluster by running the scaleup.yml playbook. This playbook queries the master, generates and distributes new certificates for the new hosts, and then runs the configuration playbooks on only the new hosts. Before running the scaleup.yml playbook, complete all prerequisite host preparation steps.

Important

The scaleup.yml playbook configures only the new host. It does not update NO_PROXY in master services, and it does not restart master services.

You must have an existing inventory file,for example /etc/ansible/hosts, that is representative of your current cluster configuration in order to run the scaleup.yml playbook. If you previously used the atomic-openshift-installer command to run your installation, you can check ~/.config/openshift/hosts for the last inventory file that the installer generated and use that file as your inventory file. You can modify this file as required. You must then specify the file location with -i when you run the ansible-playbook.

Important

See the cluster limits section for the recommended maximum number of nodes.

Procedure

  1. Ensure you have the latest playbooks by updating the atomic-openshift-utils package: 

    # yum update atomic-openshift-utils
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Edit your /etc/ansible/hosts file and add new_<host_type> to the [OSEv3:children] section:

    For example, to add a new node host, add new_nodes: 

    [OSEv3:children]
masters
nodes
new_nodes
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    To add new master hosts, add new_masters.

  3. Create a [new_<host_type>] section to specify host information for the new hosts. Format this section like an existing section, as shown in the following example of adding a new node: 

    [nodes]
master[1:3].example.com
node1.example.com openshift_node_labels="{'region': 'primary', 'zone': 'east'}"
node2.example.com openshift_node_labels="{'region': 'primary', 'zone': 'west'}"
infra-node1.example.com openshift_node_labels="{'region': 'infra', 'zone': 'default'}"
infra-node2.example.com openshift_node_labels="{'region': 'infra', 'zone': 'default'}"

[new_nodes]
node3.example.com openshift_node_labels="{'region': 'primary', 'zone': 'west'}"
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    See Configuring Host Variables for more options.

    When adding new masters, add hosts to both the [new_masters] section and the [new_nodes] section to ensure that the new master host is part of the OpenShift SDN. 

    [masters]
master[1:2].example.com

[new_masters]
master3.example.com

[nodes]
master[1:2].example.com
node1.example.com openshift_node_labels="{'region': 'primary', 'zone': 'east'}"
node2.example.com openshift_node_labels="{'region': 'primary', 'zone': 'west'}"
infra-node1.example.com openshift_node_labels="{'region': 'infra', 'zone': 'default'}"
infra-node2.example.com openshift_node_labels="{'region': 'infra', 'zone': 'default'}"

[new_nodes]
master3.example.com
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Important

    If you label a master host with the region=infra label and have no other dedicated infrastructure nodes, you must also explicitly mark the host as schedulable by adding openshift_schedulable=true to the entry. Otherwise, the registry and router pods cannot be placed anywhere.

  4. Run the scaleup.yml playbook. If your inventory file is located somewhere other than the default of /etc/ansible/hosts, specify the location with the -i option.

    • For additional nodes: 

      # ansible-playbook [-i /path/to/file] \
    /usr/share/ansible/openshift-ansible/playbooks/byo/openshift-node/scaleup.yml
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    • For additional masters: 

      # ansible-playbook [-i /path/to/file] \
    /usr/share/ansible/openshift-ansible/playbooks/byo/openshift-master/scaleup.yml
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
  5. After the playbook runs, verify the installation.

  6. Move any hosts that you defined in the [new_<host_type>] section to their appropriate section. By moving these hosts, subsequent playbook runs that use this inventory file treat the nodes correctly. You can keep the empty [new_<host_type>] section. For example, when adding new nodes: 

    [nodes]
master[1:3].example.com
node1.example.com openshift_node_labels="{'region': 'primary', 'zone': 'east'}"
node2.example.com openshift_node_labels="{'region': 'primary', 'zone': 'west'}"
node3.example.com openshift_node_labels="{'region': 'primary', 'zone': 'west'}"
infra-node1.example.com openshift_node_labels="{'region': 'infra', 'zone': 'default'}"
infra-node2.example.com openshift_node_labels="{'region': 'infra', 'zone': 'default'}"

[new_nodes]
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

4.3. Scaling etcd
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You can scale the etcd cluster vertically by adding more resources to the etcd hosts or horizontally by adding more etcd hosts.

Note

Due to the voting system etcd uses, the cluster must always contain an odd number of members.

Having a cluster with an odd number of etcd hosts can account for fault tolerance. Having an odd number of etcd hosts does not change the number needed for a quorum but increases the tolerance for failure. For example, with a cluster of three members, quorum is two, which leaves a failure tolerance of one. This ensures the cluster continues to operate if two of the members are healthy.

Having an in-production cluster of three etcd hosts is recommended.

The new host requires a fresh Red Hat Enterprise Linux version 7 dedicated host. The etcd storage should be located on an SSD disk to achieve maximum performance and on a dedicated disk mounted in /var/lib/etcd.

Prerequisites

  1. Before you add a new etcd host, perform a backup of both etcd configuration and data to prevent data loss.

  2. Check the current etcd cluster status to avoid adding new hosts to an unhealthy cluster.

    • If you use the v2 etcd api, run this command: 

      # etcdctl --cert-file=/etc/etcd/peer.crt \
          --key-file=/etc/etcd/peer.key \
          --ca-file=/etc/etcd/ca.crt \
          --peers="https://*master-0.example.com*:2379,\
          https://*master-1.example.com*:2379,\
          https://*master-2.example.com*:2379"\
          cluster-health
member 5ee217d19001 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.55.12:2379
member 2a529ba1840722c0 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.55.8:2379
member ed4f0efd277d7599 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.55.13:2379
cluster is healthy
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    • If you use the v3 etcd api, run this command: 

      # ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl --cert="/etc/etcd/peer.crt" \
          --key=/etc/etcd/peer.key \
          --cacert="/etc/etcd/ca.crt" \
          --endpoints="https://*master-0.example.com*:2379,\
            https://*master-1.example.com*:2379,\
            https://*master-2.example.com*:2379"
            endpoint health
https://master-0.example.com:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 5.011358ms
https://master-1.example.com:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 1.305173ms
https://master-2.example.com:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 1.388772ms
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Before running the scaleup playbook, ensure the new host is registered to the proper Red Hat software channels: 

    # subscription-manager register \
    --username=*<username>* --password=*<password>*
# subscription-manager attach --pool=*<poolid>*
# subscription-manager repos --disable="*"
# subscription-manager repos \
    --enable=rhel-7-server-rpms \
    --enable=rhel-7-server-extras-rpms
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    etcd is hosted in the rhel-7-server-extras-rpms software channel.

  4. Upgrade etcd and iptables on the current etcd nodes: 

    # yum update etcd iptables-services
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
  5. Back up the /etc/etcd configuration for the etcd hosts.
  6. If the new etcd members will also be OpenShift Container Platform nodes, add the desired number of hosts to the cluster.
  7. The rest of this procedure assumes you added one host, but if you add multiple hosts, perform all steps on each host.

4.3.1. Adding a new etcd host using Ansible
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Procedure

  1. In the Ansible inventory file, create a new group named [new_etcd] and add the new host. Then, add the new_etcd group as a child of the [OSEv3] group: 

    [OSEv3:children]
masters
nodes
etcd
new_etcd
    1 
    

... [OUTPUT ABBREVIATED] ...

[etcd]
master-0.example.com
master-1.example.com
master-2.example.com

[new_etcd]
    2 
    
etcd0.example.com
    3
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1 2 3
    Add these lines.

  2. From the host that installed OpenShift Container Platform and hosts the Ansible inventory file, run the etcd scaleup playbook: 

    $ ansible-playbook  /usr/share/ansible/openshift-ansible/playbooks/byo/openshift-etcd/scaleup.yml
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. After the playbook runs, modify the inventory file to reflect the current status by moving the new etcd host from the [new_etcd] group to the [etcd] group: 

    [OSEv3:children]
masters
nodes
etcd
new_etcd

... [OUTPUT ABBREVIATED] ...

[etcd]
master-0.example.com
master-1.example.com
master-2.example.com
etcd0.example.com
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. If you use Flannel, modify the flanneld service configuration on every OpenShift Container Platform host, located at /etc/sysconfig/flanneld, to include the new etcd host: 

    FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS=https://master-0.example.com:2379,https://master-1.example.com:2379,https://master-2.example.com:2379,https://etcd0.example.com:2379
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Restart the flanneld service: 

    # systemctl restart flanneld.service
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

4.3.2. Manually adding a new etcd host
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Procedure
Modify the current etcd cluster

To create the etcd certificates, run the openssl command, replacing the values with those from your environment.

  1. Create some environment variables: 

    export NEW_ETCD_HOSTNAME="*etcd0.example.com*"
export NEW_ETCD_IP="192.168.55.21"

export CN=$NEW_ETCD_HOSTNAME
export SAN="IP:${NEW_ETCD_IP}, DNS:${NEW_ETCD_HOSTNAME}"
export PREFIX="/etc/etcd/generated_certs/etcd-$CN/"
export OPENSSLCFG="/etc/etcd/ca/openssl.cnf"
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note

    The custom openssl extensions used as etcd_v3_ca_* include the $SAN environment variable as subjectAltName. See /etc/etcd/ca/openssl.cnf for more information.

  2. Create the directory to store the configuration and certificates: 

    # mkdir -p ${PREFIX}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Create the server certificate request and sign it: (server.csr and server.crt) 

    # openssl req -new -config ${OPENSSLCFG} \
    -keyout ${PREFIX}server.key  \
    -out ${PREFIX}server.csr \
    -reqexts etcd_v3_req -batch -nodes \
    -subj /CN=$CN

# openssl ca -name etcd_ca -config ${OPENSSLCFG} \
    -out ${PREFIX}server.crt \
    -in ${PREFIX}server.csr \
    -extensions etcd_v3_ca_server -batch
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Create the peer certificate request and sign it: (peer.csr and peer.crt) 

    # openssl req -new -config ${OPENSSLCFG} \
    -keyout ${PREFIX}peer.key \
    -out ${PREFIX}peer.csr \
    -reqexts etcd_v3_req -batch -nodes \
    -subj /CN=$CN

# openssl ca -name etcd_ca -config ${OPENSSLCFG} \
  -out ${PREFIX}peer.crt \
  -in ${PREFIX}peer.csr \
  -extensions etcd_v3_ca_peer -batch
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Copy the current etcd configuration and ca.crt files from the current node as examples to modify later: 

    # cp /etc/etcd/etcd.conf ${PREFIX}
# cp /etc/etcd/ca.crt ${PREFIX}
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  6. While still on the surviving etcd host, add the new host to the cluster. To add additional etcd members to the cluster, you must first adjust the default localhost peer in the peerURLs value for the first member:

    1. Get the member ID for the first member using the member list command: 

      # etcdctl --cert-file=/etc/etcd/peer.crt \
    --key-file=/etc/etcd/peer.key \
    --ca-file=/etc/etcd/ca.crt \
    --peers="https://172.18.1.18:2379,https://172.18.9.202:2379,https://172.18.0.75:2379" \
      1 
      
    member list
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      1
      Ensure that you specify the URLs of only active etcd members in the --peers parameter value.

    2. Obtain the IP address where etcd listens for cluster peers: 

      $ ss -l4n | grep 2380
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    3. Update the value of peerURLs using the etcdctl member update command by passing the member ID and IP address obtained from the previous steps: 

      # etcdctl --cert-file=/etc/etcd/peer.crt \
    --key-file=/etc/etcd/peer.key \
    --ca-file=/etc/etcd/ca.crt \
    --peers="https://172.18.1.18:2379,https://172.18.9.202:2379,https://172.18.0.75:2379" \
    member update 511b7fb6cc0001 https://172.18.1.18:2380
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    4. Re-run the member list command and ensure the peer URLs no longer include localhost.

  7. Add the new host to the etcd cluster. Note that the new host is not yet configured, so the status stays as unstarted until the you configure the new host.

    Warning

    You must add each member and bring it online one at a time. When you add each additional member to the cluster, you must adjust the peerURLs list for the current peers. The peerURLs list grows by one for each member added. The etcdctl member add command outputs the values that you must set in the etcd.conf file as you add each member, as described in the following instructions. 

    # etcdctl -C https://${CURRENT_ETCD_HOST}:2379 \
  --ca-file=/etc/etcd/ca.crt     \
  --cert-file=/etc/etcd/peer.crt     \
  --key-file=/etc/etcd/peer.key member add ${NEW_ETCD_HOSTNAME} https://${NEW_ETCD_IP}:2380
    1 
    

Added member named 10.3.9.222 with ID 4e1db163a21d7651 to cluster

ETCD_NAME="<NEW_ETCD_HOSTNAME>"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="<NEW_ETCD_HOSTNAME>=https://<NEW_HOST_IP>:2380,<CLUSTERMEMBER1_NAME>=https:/<CLUSTERMEMBER2_IP>:2380,<CLUSTERMEMBER2_NAME>=https:/<CLUSTERMEMBER2_IP>:2380,<CLUSTERMEMBER3_NAME>=https:/<CLUSTERMEMBER3_IP>:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="existing"
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    1
    In this line, 10.3.9.222 is a label for the etcd member. You can specify the host name, IP address, or a simple name.

  8. Update the sample ${PREFIX}/etcd.conf file.

    1. Replace the following values with the values generated in the previous step:

      • ETCD_NAME
      • ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER
      • ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE

    2. Modify the following variables with the new host IP from the output of the previous step. You can use ${NEW_ETCD_IP} as the value. 

      ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    3. If you previously used the member system as an etcd node, you must overwrite the current values in the /etc/etcd/etcd.conf file.

    4. Check the file for syntax errors or missing IP addresses, otherwise the etcd service might fail: 

      # vi ${PREFIX}/etcd.conf
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
  9. On the node that hosts the installation files, update the [etcd] hosts group in the /etc/ansible/hosts inventory file. Remove the old etcd hosts and add the new ones.

  10. Create a tgz file that contains the certificates, the sample configuration file, and the ca and copy it to the new host: 

    # tar -czvf /etc/etcd/generated_certs/${CN}.tgz -C ${PREFIX} .
# scp /etc/etcd/generated_certs/${CN}.tgz ${CN}:/tmp/
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Modify the new etcd host

  1. Install iptables-services to provide iptables utilities to open the required ports for etcd: 

    # yum install -y iptables-services
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Create the OS_FIREWALL_ALLOW firewall rules to allow etcd to communicate:

    • Port 2379/tcp for clients

    • Port 2380/tcp for peer communication 

      # systemctl enable iptables.service --now
# iptables -N OS_FIREWALL_ALLOW
# iptables -t filter -I INPUT -j OS_FIREWALL_ALLOW
# iptables -A OS_FIREWALL_ALLOW -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 2379 -j ACCEPT
# iptables -A OS_FIREWALL_ALLOW -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 2380 -j ACCEPT
# iptables-save | tee /etc/sysconfig/iptables
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      Note

      In this example, a new chain OS_FIREWALL_ALLOW is created, which is the standard naming the OpenShift Container Platform installer uses for firewall rules.

      Warning

      If the environment is hosted in an IaaS environment, modify the security groups for the instance to allow incoming traffic to those ports as well.

  3. Install etcd: 

    # yum install -y etcd
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Ensure version etcd-2.3.7-4.el7.x86_64 or greater is installed,

  4. Ensure the etcd service is not running: 

    # systemctl disable etcd --now
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Remove any etcd configuration and data: 

    # rm -Rf /etc/etcd/*
# rm -Rf /var/lib/etcd/*
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  6. Extract the certificates and configuration files: 

    # tar xzvf /tmp/etcd0.example.com.tgz -C /etc/etcd/
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  7. Modify the file ownership permissions: 

    # chown -R etcd/etcd /etc/etcd/*
# chown -R etcd/etcd /var/lib/etcd/
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  8. Start etcd on the new host: 

    # systemctl enable etcd --now
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  9. Verify that the host is part of the cluster and the current cluster health:

    • If you use the v2 etcd api, run the following command: 

      # etcdctl --cert-file=/etc/etcd/peer.crt \
          --key-file=/etc/etcd/peer.key \
          --ca-file=/etc/etcd/ca.crt \
          --peers="https://*master-0.example.com*:2379,\
          https://*master-1.example.com*:2379,\
          https://*master-2.example.com*:2379,\
          https://*etcd0.example.com*:2379"\
          cluster-health
member 5ee217d19001 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.55.12:2379
member 2a529ba1840722c0 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.55.8:2379
member 8b8904727bf526a5 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.55.21:2379
member ed4f0efd277d7599 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.55.13:2379
cluster is healthy
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    • If you use the v3 etcd api, run the following command: 

      # ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl --cert="/etc/etcd/peer.crt" \
          --key=/etc/etcd/peer.key \
          --cacert="/etc/etcd/ca.crt" \
          --endpoints="https://*master-0.example.com*:2379,\
            https://*master-1.example.com*:2379,\
            https://*master-2.example.com*:2379,\
            https://*etcd0.example.com*:2379"\
            endpoint health
https://master-0.example.com:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 5.011358ms
https://master-1.example.com:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 1.305173ms
https://master-2.example.com:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 1.388772ms
https://etcd0.example.com:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 1.498829ms
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Modify each OpenShift Container Platform master

  1. Modify the master configuration in the etcClientInfo section of the /etc/origin/master/master-config.yaml file on every master. Add the new etcd host to the list of the etcd servers OpenShift Container Platform uses to store the data, and remove any failed etcd hosts: 

    etcdClientInfo:
  ca: master.etcd-ca.crt
  certFile: master.etcd-client.crt
  keyFile: master.etcd-client.key
  urls:
    - https://master-0.example.com:2379
    - https://master-1.example.com:2379
    - https://master-2.example.com:2379
    - https://etcd0.example.com:2379
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Restart the master API service:

    • On every master: 

      # systemctl restart atomic-openshift-master-api
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    • Or, on a single master cluster installation: 

      # systemctl restart atomic-openshift-master
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
      Warning

      The number of etcd nodes must be odd, so you must add at least two hosts.

  3. If you use Flannel, modify the flanneld service configuration located at /etc/sysconfig/flanneld on every OpenShift Container Platform host to include the new etcd host: 

    FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS=https://master-0.example.com:2379,https://master-1.example.com:2379,https://master-2.example.com:2379,https://etcd0.example.com:2379
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Restart the flanneld service: 

    # systemctl restart flanneld.service
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
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