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Chapter 2. Detailed requirements for deploying Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS

Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS provides a model that allows Red Hat to deploy clusters into a customer’s existing Amazon Web Service (AWS) account.

Ensure that the following prerequisites are met before installing your cluster.

2.1. Customer requirements for all Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS clusters
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The following prerequisites must be complete before you deploy a Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS cluster.

2.2. AWS account
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  • Your AWS account must allow sufficient quota to deploy your cluster.
  • If your organization applies and enforces SCP policies, these policies must not be more restrictive than the roles and policies required by the cluster.
  • You can deploy native AWS services within the same AWS account.
  • Your account must have a service-linked role to allow the installation program to configure Elastic Load Balancing (ELB). See "Creating the Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) service-linked role" for more information.

2.2.1. Support requirements
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  • Red Hat recommends that the customer have at least Business Support from AWS.
  • Red Hat may have permission from the customer to request AWS support on their behalf.
  • Red Hat may have permission from the customer to request AWS resource limit increases on the customer’s account.
  • Red Hat manages the restrictions, limitations, expectations, and defaults for all Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS clusters in the same manner, unless otherwise specified in this requirements section.

2.2.2. Security requirements
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  • Red Hat must have ingress access to EC2 hosts and the API server from allow-listed IP addresses.
  • Red Hat must have egress allowed to the domains documented in the "Firewall prerequisites" section. Clusters with egress zero are exempt from this requirement.

2.3. Requirements for using OpenShift Cluster Manager
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The following configuration details are required only if you use OpenShift Cluster Manager to manage your clusters. If you use the CLI tools exclusively, then you can disregard these requirements.

2.3.1. AWS account association
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When you provision Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS using OpenShift Cluster Manager (console.redhat.com), you must associate the ocm-role and user-role IAM roles with your AWS account using your Amazon Resource Name (ARN). This association process is also known as account linking.

The ocm-role ARN is stored as a label in your Red Hat organization while the user-role ARN is stored as a label inside your Red Hat user account. Red Hat uses these ARN labels to confirm that the user is a valid account holder and that the correct permissions are available to perform provisioning tasks in the AWS account.

2.3.2. Associating your AWS account with IAM roles
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You can associate or link your AWS account with existing IAM roles by using the ROSA CLI, rosa.

Prerequisites

  • You have an AWS account.
  • You have the permissions required to install AWS account-wide roles. See the "Additional resources" of this section for more information.
  • You have installed and configured the latest AWS (aws) and ROSA (rosa) CLIs on your installation host.

  • You have created the ocm-role and user-role IAM roles, but have not yet linked them to your AWS account. You can check whether your IAM roles are already linked by running the following commands: 

    $ rosa list ocm-role
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap 
    $ rosa list user-role
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    If Yes is displayed in the Linked column for both roles, you have already linked the roles to an AWS account.

Procedure

  1. In the ROSA CLI, link your ocm-role resource to your Red Hat organization by using your Amazon Resource Name (ARN):

    Note

    You must have Red Hat Organization Administrator privileges to run the rosa link command. After you link the ocm-role resource with your AWS account, it takes effect and is visible to all users in the organization. 

    $ rosa link ocm-role --role-arn <arn>
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Example output

    I: Linking OCM role
? Link the '<AWS ACCOUNT ID>` role with organization '<ORG ID>'? Yes
I: Successfully linked role-arn '<AWS ACCOUNT ID>' with organization account '<ORG ID>'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. In the ROSA CLI, link your user-role resource to your Red Hat user account by using your Amazon Resource Name (ARN): 

    $ rosa link user-role --role-arn <arn>
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    Example output

    I: Linking User role
? Link the 'arn:aws:iam::<ARN>:role/ManagedOpenShift-User-Role-125' role with organization '<AWS ID>'? Yes
I: Successfully linked role-arn 'arn:aws:iam::<ARN>:role/ManagedOpenShift-User-Role-125' with organization account '<AWS ID>'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Additional resources

2.3.3. Associating multiple AWS accounts with your Red Hat organization
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You can associate multiple AWS accounts with your Red Hat organization. Associating multiple accounts lets you create Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS clusters on any of the associated AWS accounts from your Red Hat organization.

With this capability, you can create clusters on different AWS profiles according to characteristics that make sense for your business, for example, by using one AWS profile for each region to create region-bound environments.

Prerequisites

  • You have an AWS account.
  • You are using OpenShift Cluster Manager to create clusters.
  • You have the permissions required to install AWS account-wide roles.
  • You have installed and configured the latest AWS (aws) and ROSA (rosa) CLIs on your installation host.
  • You have created the ocm-role and user-role IAM roles for Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS.

Procedure

To associate an additional AWS account, first create a profile in your local AWS configuration. Then, associate the account with your Red Hat organization by creating the ocm-role, user, and account roles in the additional AWS account.

To create the roles in an additional region, specify the --profile <aws-profile> parameter when running the rosa create commands and replace <aws_profile> with the additional account profile name:

  • To specify an AWS account profile when creating an OpenShift Cluster Manager role: 

    $ rosa create --profile <aws_profile> ocm-role
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  • To specify an AWS account profile when creating a user role: 

    $ rosa create --profile <aws_profile> user-role
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  • To specify an AWS account profile when creating the account roles: 

    $ rosa create --profile <aws_profile> account-roles
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
Note

If you do not specify a profile, the default AWS profile and its associated AWS region are used.

2.4. Requirements for deploying a cluster in an opt-in region
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An AWS opt-in region is a region that is not enabled in your AWS account by default. If you want to deploy a Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS cluster that uses the AWS Security Token Service (STS) in an opt-in region, you must meet the following requirements:

  • The region must be enabled in your AWS account. For more information about enabling opt-in regions, see Managing AWS Regions in the AWS documentation.

  • The security token version in your AWS account must be set to version 2. You cannot use version 1 security tokens for opt-in regions.

    Important

    Updating to security token version 2 can impact the systems that store the tokens, due to the increased token length. For more information, see the AWS documentation on setting STS preferences.

2.4.1. Setting the AWS security token version
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If you want to create a Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS cluster with the AWS Security Token Service (STS) in an AWS opt-in region, you must set the security token version to version 2 in your AWS account.

Prerequisites

  • You have installed and configured the latest AWS CLI on your installation host.

Procedure

  1. List the ID of the AWS account that is defined in your AWS CLI configuration: 

    $ aws sts get-caller-identity --query Account --output json
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    Ensure that the output matches the ID of the relevant AWS account.

  2. List the security token version that is set in your AWS account: 

    $ aws iam get-account-summary --query SummaryMap.GlobalEndpointTokenVersion --output json
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    Example output

    1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. To update the security token version to version 2 for all regions in your AWS account, run the following command: 

    $ aws iam set-security-token-service-preferences --global-endpoint-token-version v2Token
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Important

    Updating to security token version 2 can impact the systems that store the tokens, due to the increased token length. For more information, see the AWS documentation on setting STS preferences.

2.5. Red Hat managed IAM references for AWS
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Red Hat is not responsible for creating and managing Amazon Web Services (AWS) IAM policies, IAM users, or IAM roles. For information on creating these roles and policies, see the following sections on IAM roles.

2.6. Provisioned AWS Infrastructure
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This is an overview of the provisioned Amazon Web Services (AWS) components on a deployed Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS cluster.

2.6.1. EC2 instances
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AWS EC2 instances are required to deploy Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS.

At a minimum, two m5.xlarge EC2 instances are deployed for use as worker nodes.

The instance type shown for worker nodes is the default value, but you can customize the instance type for worker nodes according to the needs of your workload.

2.6.2. Amazon Elastic Block Store storage
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Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) block storage is used for both local node storage and persistent volume storage. By default, the following storage is provisioned for each EC2 instance:

  • Node volumes

    • Type: AWS EBS GP3
    • Default size: 300 GiB (adjustable at creation time)
    • Minimum size: 75 GiB

  • Workload persistent volumes

    • Default storage class: gp3-csi
    • Provisioner: ebs.csi.aws.com
    • Dynamic persistent volume provisioning

2.6.3. Elastic Load Balancing
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By default, one Network Load Balancer is created for use by the default ingress controller. You can create additional load balancers of the following types according to the needs of your workload:

  • Classic Load Balancer
  • Network Load Balancer
  • Application Load Balancer

For more information, see the ELB documentation for AWS.

2.6.4. S3 storage
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The image registry is backed by AWS S3 storage. Resources are pruned regularly to optimize S3 usage and cluster performance.

Note

Two buckets are required with a typical size of 2TB each.

2.6.5. VPC
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Configure your VPC according to the following requirements:

  • Subnets: Every cluster requires a minimum of one private subnet for every availability zone. For example, 1 private subnet is required for a single-zone cluster, and 3 private subnets are required for a cluster with 3 availability zones.

    If your cluster needs direct access to a network that is external to the cluster, including the public internet, you require at least one public subnet.

    Red Hat strongly recommends using unique subnets for each cluster. Sharing subnets between multiple clusters is not recommended.

    Note

    A public subnet connects directly to the internet through an internet gateway.

    A private subnet connects to the internet through a network address translation (NAT) gateway.

  • Route tables: One route table per private subnet, and one additional table per cluster.
  • Internet gateways: One Internet Gateway per cluster.
  • NAT gateways: One NAT Gateway per public subnet.

2.6.6. Security groups
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AWS security groups provide security at the protocol and port access level; they are associated with EC2 instances and Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) load balancers. Each security group contains a set of rules that filter traffic coming in and out of one or more EC2 instances.

Ensure that the ports required for cluster installation and operation are open on your network and configured to allow access between hosts. The requirements for the default security groups are listed in Required ports for default security groups.

Expand
Table 2.1. Required ports for default security groups
GroupTypeIP ProtocolPort range

WorkerSecurityGroup

AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup

icmp

0

tcp

22

2.6.6.1. Additional custom security groups
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You can add additional custom security groups during cluster creation. Custom security groups are subject to the following limitations:

  • You must create the custom security groups in AWS before you create the cluster. For more information, see Amazon EC2 security groups for Linux instances.
  • You must associate the custom security groups with the VPC that the cluster will be installed into. Your custom security groups cannot be associated with another VPC.
  • You might need to request additional quota for your VPC if you are adding additional custom security groups. For information on AWS quota requirements for Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS see Required AWS service quotas in Prepare your environment. For information on requesting an AWS quota increase, see Requesting a quota increase.

2.7. Networking prerequisites
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2.7.1. Minimum bandwidth
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During cluster deployment, Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS requires a minimum bandwidth of 120 Mbps between cluster infrastructure and the public internet or private network locations that provide deployment artifacts and resources. When network connectivity is slower than 120 Mbps (for example, when connecting through a proxy) the cluster installation process times out and deployment fails.

After cluster deployment, network requirements are determined by your workload. However, a minimum bandwidth of 120 Mbps helps to ensure timely cluster and operator upgrades.

2.7.3. Firewall prerequisites for Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS
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  • If you are using a firewall to control egress traffic from Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS, your Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) must be able to complete requests from the cluster to the Amazon S3 service, for example, via an Amazon S3 gateway.
  • You must also configure your firewall to grant access to the following domain and port combinations.

2.7.3.1. Domains for installation packages and tools
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Expand
DomainPortFunction

quay.io

443

Provides core container images.

cdn01.quay.io

443

Provides core container images.

cdn02.quay.io

443

Provides core container images.

cdn03.quay.io

443

Provides core container images.

cdn04.quay.io

443

Provides core container images.

cdn05.quay.io

443

Provides core container images.

cdn06.quay.io

443

Provides core container images.

quayio-production-s3.s3.amazonaws.com

443

Provides core container images.

registry.redhat.io

443

Provides core container images.

registry.access.redhat.com

443

Required. Hosts all the container images that are stored on the Red Hat Ecosytem Catalog. Additionally, the registry provides access to the odo CLI tool that helps developers build on OpenShift and Kubernetes.

access.redhat.com

443

Required. Hosts a signature store that a container client requires for verifying images when pulling them from registry.access.redhat.com.

api.openshift.com

443

Required. Used to check for available updates to the cluster.

mirror.openshift.com

443

Required. Used to access mirrored installation content and images. This site is also a source of release image signatures, although the Cluster Version Operator (CVO) needs only a single functioning source.

2.7.3.2. Domains for telemetry
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Expand
DomainPortFunction

infogw.api.openshift.com

443

Required for telemetry.

console.redhat.com

443

Required. Allows interactions between the cluster and OpenShift Console Manager to enable functionality, such as scheduling upgrades.

sso.redhat.com

443

Required. The https://console.redhat.com/openshift site uses authentication from sso.redhat.com to download the pull secret and use Red Hat SaaS solutions to facilitate monitoring of your subscriptions, cluster inventory, chargeback reporting, etc.

Managed clusters require enabling telemetry to allow Red Hat to react more quickly to problems, better support the customers, and better understand how product upgrades impact clusters. For more information about how remote health monitoring data is used by Red Hat, see About remote health monitoring.

2.7.3.3. Domains for Amazon Web Services (AWS) APIs
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Expand
DomainPortFunction

sts.<aws_region>.amazonaws.com [1]

443

Required. Used to access the AWS Secure Token Service (STS) regional endpoint. Ensure that you replace <aws-region> with the region that your cluster is deployed in.

  1. This can also be accomplished by configuring a private interface endpoint in your AWS Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) to the regional AWS STS endpoint.

2.7.3.4. Domains for your workload
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Your workload may require access to other sites that provide resources for programming languages or frameworks.

  • Allow access to sites that provide resources required by your builds.
  • Allow access to outbound URLs required for your workload, for example, OpenShift Outbound URLs to Allow.

2.7.3.5. Optional domains to enable third-party content
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Expand
DomainPortFunction

registry.connect.redhat.com

443

Optional. Required for all third-party-images and certified operators.

rhc4tp-prod-z8cxf-image-registry-us-east-1-evenkyleffocxqvofrk.s3.dualstack.us-east-1.amazonaws.com

443

Optional. Provides access to container images hosted on registry.connect.redhat.com.

oso-rhc4tp-docker-registry.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com

443

Optional. Required for Sonatype Nexus, F5 Big IP operators.

If you use a bastion host to connect to a private cluster with egress zero, you must add the following rules to your firewall so that it can connect and authenticate to the cluster.

Expand
DomainPortFrom/ToFunction

sso.redhat.com

443

ROSA CLI running on bastion host

The OpenShift console uses authentication from sso.redhat.com to download the pull secret and use Red Hat SaaS solutions to facilitate monitoring of your subscriptions, cluster inventory, chargeback reporting, etc.

api.openshift.com

443

ROSA CLI running on bastion host

Required for registering a Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS cluster into Red Hat Hybrid Cloud Console.

iam.amazonaws.com

443

ROSA CLI running on bastion host

Used for creating IAM roles and attaching permissions.

servicequotas.<your region>.amazonaws.com

443

ROSA CLI running on bastion host

Checks AWS quotas to ensure they satisfy ROSA installation requirements. Alternatively, you can create a VPC endpoint for servicequota service to avoid whitelisting this URL from your firewall.

sts.<your region>.amazonaws.com

443

ROSA CLI running on bastion host

Used to get short-lived token to access AWS service. Alternatively, you can create a VPC endpoint for STS service to avoid whitelisting this url from your firewall.

ec2.<your region>.amazonaws.com

443

ROSA CLI running on bastion host

Used to retrieve EC2 instance related information such as subnets. Alternatively, you can create a VPC endpoint for EC2 service to avoid whitelisting this URL from your firewall.

Expand
DomainPortFrom/ToFunction

sts.<your region>.amazonaws.com

443

Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS cluster

Used to access the AWS Secure Token Service (STS) regional endpoint to retrieve a short-lived token to access AWS services. Alternatively, you can create a VPC endpoint for STS service to avoid whitelisting this URL from your firewall.

console.redhat.com

443

Any browser to access Red Hat Hybrid Cloud Console

To manage a Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS cluster from Hybrid Cloud Console.

sso.redhat.com

443

Any browser to access Red Hat Hybrid Cloud Console

The Red Hat Hybrid Cloud Console site uses authentication from sso.redhat.com to download the pull secret and use Red Hat SaaS solutions to facilitate monitoring of your subscriptions, cluster inventory, chargeback reporting, etc.

Next steps

Additional resources

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