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Chapter 3. Using the heat service for autoscaling

After you deploy the services required to provide autoscaling in the overcloud, you must configure the overcloud environment so that the Orchestration service (heat) can manage instances for autoscaling.

Prerequisites

Procedure

3.1. Creating the generic archive policy for autoscaling
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After you deploy the services for autoscaling in the overcloud, you must configure the overcloud environment so that the Orchestration service (heat) can manage the instances for autoscaling.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Log in to your environment as the stack user.

  2. For standalone environments, set the OS_CLOUD environment variable: 

    [stack@standalone ~]$ export OS_CLOUD=standalone
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. For director environments source the stackrc file: 

    [stack@undercloud ~]$ source ~/stackrc
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Create the archive policy defined in $HOME/templates/autoscaling/parameters-autoscaling.yaml: 

    $ openstack metric archive-policy create generic \
  --back-window 0 \
  --definition timespan:'4:00:00',granularity:'0:01:00',points:240 \
  --aggregation-method 'rate:mean' \
  --aggregation-method 'mean'
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Verification

  • Verify that the archive policy was created: 

    $ openstack metric archive-policy show generic
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| Field               | Value                                                  |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| aggregation_methods | mean, rate:mean                                        |
| back_window         | 0                                                      |
| definition          | - timespan: 4:00:00, granularity: 0:01:00, points: 240 |
| name                | generic                                                |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

3.2. Configuring a heat template for automatically scaling instances
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You can configure an Orchestration service (heat) template to create the instances, and configure alarms that create and scale instances when triggered.

Note

This procedure uses example values that you must change to suit your environment.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Log in to your environment as the stack user. 

    $ source ~/overcloudrc
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Create a directory to hold the instance configuration for the autoscaling group: 

    $ mkdir -p $HOME/templates/autoscaling/vnf/
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
  3. Create an instance configuration template, for example, $HOME/templates/autoscaling/vnf/instance.yaml.

  4. Add the following configuration to your instance.yaml file: 

    cat <<EOF > $HOME/templates/autoscaling/vnf/instance.yaml
heat_template_version: wallaby
description: Template to control scaling of VNF instance

parameters:
  metadata:
    type: json
  image:
    type: string
    description: image used to create instance
    default: fedora36
  flavor:
    type: string
    description: instance flavor to be used
    default: m1.small
  key_name:
    type: string
    description: keypair to be used
    default: default
  network:
    type: string
    description: project network to attach instance to
    default: private
  external_network:
    type: string
    description: network used for floating IPs
    default: public

resources:
  vnf:
    type: OS::Nova::Server
    properties:
      flavor: {get_param: flavor}
      key_name: {get_param: key_name}
      image: { get_param: image }
      metadata: { get_param: metadata }
      networks:
        - port: { get_resource: port }

  port:
    type: OS::Neutron::Port
    properties:
      network: {get_param: network}
      security_groups:
        - basic

  floating_ip:
    type: OS::Neutron::FloatingIP
    properties:
      floating_network: {get_param: external_network }

  floating_ip_assoc:
    type: OS::Neutron::FloatingIPAssociation
    properties:
      floatingip_id: { get_resource: floating_ip }
      port_id: { get_resource: port }
EOF
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    • The parameters parameter defines the custom parameters for this new resource.
    • The vnf sub-parameter of the resources parameter defines the name of the custom sub-resource referred to in the OS::Heat::AutoScalingGroup, for example, OS::Nova::Server::VNF.

  5. Create the resource to reference in the heat template: 

    $ cat <<EOF > $HOME/templates/autoscaling/vnf/resources.yaml
resource_registry:
  "OS::Nova::Server::VNF": $HOME/templates/autoscaling/vnf/instance.yaml
EOF
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  6. Create the deployment template for heat to control instance scaling: 

    $ cat <<EOF > $HOME/templates/autoscaling/vnf/template.yaml
heat_template_version: wallaby
description:  Example auto scale group, policy and alarm
resources:
  scaleup_group:
    type: OS::Heat::AutoScalingGroup
    properties:
      max_size: 3
      min_size: 1
      #desired_capacity: 1
      resource:
        type: OS::Nova::Server::VNF
        properties:
          metadata: {"metering.server_group": {get_param: "OS::stack_id"}}

  scaleup_policy:
    type: OS::Heat::ScalingPolicy
    properties:
      adjustment_type: change_in_capacity
      auto_scaling_group_id: { get_resource: scaleup_group }
      cooldown: 60
      scaling_adjustment: 1

  scaledown_policy:
    type: OS::Heat::ScalingPolicy
    properties:
      adjustment_type: change_in_capacity
      auto_scaling_group_id: { get_resource: scaleup_group }
      cooldown: 60
      scaling_adjustment: -1

  cpu_alarm_high:
    type: OS::Aodh::GnocchiAggregationByResourcesAlarm
    properties:
      description: Scale up instance if CPU > 50%
      metric: cpu
      aggregation_method: rate:mean
      granularity: 60
      evaluation_periods: 3
      threshold: 60000000000.0
      resource_type: instance
      comparison_operator: gt
      alarm_actions:
        - str_replace:
            template: trust+url
            params:
              url: {get_attr: [scaleup_policy, signal_url]}
      query:
        list_join:
          - ''
          - - {'=': {server_group: {get_param: "OS::stack_id"}}}

  cpu_alarm_low:
    type: OS::Aodh::GnocchiAggregationByResourcesAlarm
    properties:
      description: Scale down instance if CPU < 20%
      metric: cpu
      aggregation_method: rate:mean
      granularity: 60
      evaluation_periods: 3
      threshold: 24000000000.0
      resource_type: instance
      comparison_operator: lt
      alarm_actions:
        - str_replace:
            template: trust+url
            params:
              url: {get_attr: [scaledown_policy, signal_url]}
      query:
        list_join:
          - ''
          - - {'=': {server_group: {get_param: "OS::stack_id"}}}

outputs:
  scaleup_policy_signal_url:
    value: {get_attr: [scaleup_policy, alarm_url]}

  scaledown_policy_signal_url:
    value: {get_attr: [scaledown_policy, alarm_url]}
EOF
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
    Note

    Outputs on the stack are informational and are not referenced in the ScalingPolicy or AutoScalingGroup. To view the outputs, use the openstack stack show <stack_name> command.

Additional resources

3.3. Preparing the standalone deployment for autoscaling
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To test the deployment of a stack for an autoscaled instance in a pre-production environment, you can deploy the stack by using a standalone deployment. You can use this procedure to test the deployment with a standalone environment. In a production environment, the deployment commands are different.

Procedure

  1. Log in to your environment as the stack user.

  2. Set the OS_CLOUD environment variable: 

    [stack@standalone ~]$ export OS_CLOUD=standalone
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Configure the cloud to allow deployment of a simulated VNF workload that uses the Fedora 36 cloud image with attached private and public network interfaces. This example is a working configuration that uses a standalone deployment: 

    $ export GATEWAY=192.168.25.1
$ export STANDALONE_HOST=192.168.25.2
$ export PUBLIC_NETWORK_CIDR=192.168.25.0/24
$ export PRIVATE_NETWORK_CIDR=192.168.100.0/24
$ export PUBLIC_NET_START=192.168.25.3
$ export PUBLIC_NET_END=192.168.25.254
$ export DNS_SERVER=1.1.1.1
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Create the flavor: 

    $ openstack flavor create --ram 2048 --disk 10 --vcpu 2 --public m1.small
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  5. Download and import the Fedora 36 x86_64 cloud image: 

    $ curl -L 'https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/36/Cloud/x86_64/images/Fedora-Cloud-Base-36-1.5.x86_64.qcow2' -o $HOME/fedora36.qcow2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap 
    $ openstack image create fedora36 --container-format bare --disk-format qcow2 --public --file $HOME/fedora36.qcow2
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  6. Generate and import the public key: 

    $ ssh-keygen -f $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa -q -N "" -t rsa -b 2048
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap 
    $ openstack keypair create --public-key $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub default
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  7. Create the basic security group that allows SSH, ICMP, and DNS protocols: 

    $ openstack security group create basic
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap 
    $ openstack security group rule create basic --protocol tcp --dst-port 22:22 --remote-ip 0.0.0.0/0
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap 
    $ openstack security group rule create --protocol icmp basic
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap 
    $ openstack security group rule create --protocol udp --dst-port 53:53 basic
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  8. Create the external network (public): 

    $ openstack network create --external --provider-physical-network datacentre --provider-network-type flat public
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  9. Create the private network: 

    $ openstack network create --internal private
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap 
    openstack subnet create public-net \
  --subnet-range $PUBLIC_NETWORK_CIDR \
  --no-dhcp \
  --gateway $GATEWAY \
  --allocation-pool start=$PUBLIC_NET_START,end=$PUBLIC_NET_END \
  --network public
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap 
    $ openstack subnet create private-net \
  --subnet-range $PRIVATE_NETWORK_CIDR \
  --network private
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  10. Create the router: 

    $ openstack router create vrouter
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap 
    $ openstack router set vrouter --external-gateway public
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap 
    $ openstack router add subnet vrouter private-net
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Additional resources

3.4. Creating the stack deployment for autoscaling
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Create the stack deployment for the worked VNF autoscaling example.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Log in to the undercloud host with your overcloud administrator credentials, for example overcloudrc: 

    (undercloud)$ source ~/overcloudrc
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. You must first launch the ephemeral Heat process to use the openstack stack commands: 

    (undercloud)$ openstack tripleo launch heat --heat-dir /home/stack/overcloud-deploy/overcloud/heat-launcher --restore-db
(undercloud)$ export OS_CLOUD=heat
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Create the stack: 

    $ openstack stack create \
  -t $HOME/templates/autoscaling/vnf/template.yaml \
  -e $HOME/templates/autoscaling/vnf/resources.yaml \
  vnf
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

Verification

  1. Verify that the stack was created successfully: 

    $ openstack stack show vnf -c id -c stack_status
+--------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                                |
+--------------+--------------------------------------+
| id           | cb082cbd-535e-4779-84b0-98925e103f5e |
| stack_status | CREATE_COMPLETE                      |
+--------------+--------------------------------------+
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  2. Verify that the stack resources were created, including alarms, scaling policies, and the autoscaling group: 

    $ export STACK_ID=$(openstack stack show vnf -c id -f value)
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap 
    $ openstack stack resource list $STACK_ID
+------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+-----------------+----------------------+
| resource_name    | physical_resource_id                 | resource_type                                | resource_status | updated_time         |
+------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+-----------------+----------------------+
| cpu_alarm_high   | d72d2e0d-1888-4f89-b888-02174c48e463 | OS::Aodh::GnocchiAggregationByResourcesAlarm | CREATE_COMPLETE | 2022-10-06T23:08:37Z |
| scaleup_policy   | 1c4446b7242e479090bef4b8075df9d4     | OS::Heat::ScalingPolicy                      | CREATE_COMPLETE | 2022-10-06T23:08:37Z |
| cpu_alarm_low    | b9c04ef4-8b57-4730-af03-1a71c3885914 | OS::Aodh::GnocchiAggregationByResourcesAlarm | CREATE_COMPLETE | 2022-10-06T23:08:37Z |
| scaledown_policy | a5af7faf5a1344849c3425cb2c5f18db     | OS::Heat::ScalingPolicy                      | CREATE_COMPLETE | 2022-10-06T23:08:37Z |
| scaleup_group    | 9609f208-6d50-4b8f-836e-b0222dc1e0b1 | OS::Heat::AutoScalingGroup                   | CREATE_COMPLETE | 2022-10-06T23:08:37Z |
+------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+-----------------+----------------------+
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  3. Verify that an instance was launched by the stack creation: 

    $ openstack server list --long | grep $STACK_ID

| 62e1b27c-8d9d-44a5-a0f0-80e7e6d437c7 | vn-dvaxcqb-6bqh2qd2fpif-hicmkm5dzjug-vnf-ywrydc5wqjjc | ACTIVE | None       | Running     | private=192.168.100.61, 192.168.25.99 | fedora36   | a6aa7b11-1b99-4c62-a43b-d0b7c77f4b72 | m1.small    | 5cd46fec-50c2-43d5-89e8-ed3fa7660852 | nova              | standalone-80.localdomain | metering.server_group='cb082cbd-535e-4779-84b0-98925e103f5e' |
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  4. Verify that the alarms were created for the stack:

    1. List the alarm IDs. The state of the alarms might reside in the insufficient data state for a period of time. The minimal period of time is the polling interval of the data collection and data storage granularity setting: 

      $ openstack alarm list
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------+----------+---------+
| alarm_id                             | type                                       | name                            | state | severity | enabled |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------+----------+---------+
| b9c04ef4-8b57-4730-af03-1a71c3885914 | gnocchi_aggregation_by_resources_threshold | vnf-cpu_alarm_low-pve5eal6ykst  | alarm | low      | True    |
| d72d2e0d-1888-4f89-b888-02174c48e463 | gnocchi_aggregation_by_resources_threshold | vnf-cpu_alarm_high-5xx7qvfsurxe | ok    | low      | True    |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------+----------+---------+
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

    2. List the resources for the stack and note the physical_resource_id values for the cpu_alarm_high and cpu_alarm_low resources. 

      $ openstack stack resource list $STACK_ID
+------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+-----------------+----------------------+
| resource_name    | physical_resource_id                 | resource_type                                | resource_status | updated_time         |
+------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+-----------------+----------------------+
| cpu_alarm_high   | d72d2e0d-1888-4f89-b888-02174c48e463 | OS::Aodh::GnocchiAggregationByResourcesAlarm | CREATE_COMPLETE | 2022-10-06T23:08:37Z |
| scaleup_policy   | 1c4446b7242e479090bef4b8075df9d4     | OS::Heat::ScalingPolicy                      | CREATE_COMPLETE | 2022-10-06T23:08:37Z |
| cpu_alarm_low    | b9c04ef4-8b57-4730-af03-1a71c3885914 | OS::Aodh::GnocchiAggregationByResourcesAlarm | CREATE_COMPLETE | 2022-10-06T23:08:37Z |
| scaledown_policy | a5af7faf5a1344849c3425cb2c5f18db     | OS::Heat::ScalingPolicy                      | CREATE_COMPLETE | 2022-10-06T23:08:37Z |
| scaleup_group    | 9609f208-6d50-4b8f-836e-b0222dc1e0b1 | OS::Heat::AutoScalingGroup                   | CREATE_COMPLETE | 2022-10-06T23:08:37Z |
+------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+-----------------+----------------------+
      Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

      The value of the physical_resource_id must match the alarm_id in the output of the openstack alarm list command.

  5. Verify that metric resources exist for the stack. Set the value of the server_group query to the stack ID: 

    $ openstack metric resource search --sort-column launched_at -c id -c display_name -c launched_at -c deleted_at --type instance server_group="$STACK_ID"
+--------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+------------+
| id                                   | display_name                                          | launched_at                      | deleted_at |
+--------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+------------+
| 62e1b27c-8d9d-44a5-a0f0-80e7e6d437c7 | vn-dvaxcqb-6bqh2qd2fpif-hicmkm5dzjug-vnf-ywrydc5wqjjc | 2022-10-06T23:09:28.496566+00:00 | None       |
+--------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+------------+
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  6. Verify that measurements exist for the instance resources created through the stack: 

    $ openstack metric aggregates --resource-type instance --sort-column timestamp '(metric cpu rate:mean)' server_group="$STACK_ID"
+----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-------------+---------------+
| name                                               | timestamp                 | granularity |         value |
+----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-------------+---------------+
| 62e1b27c-8d9d-44a5-a0f0-80e7e6d437c7/cpu/rate:mean | 2022-10-06T23:11:00+00:00 |        60.0 | 69470000000.0 |
| 62e1b27c-8d9d-44a5-a0f0-80e7e6d437c7/cpu/rate:mean | 2022-10-06T23:12:00+00:00 |        60.0 | 81060000000.0 |
| 62e1b27c-8d9d-44a5-a0f0-80e7e6d437c7/cpu/rate:mean | 2022-10-06T23:13:00+00:00 |        60.0 | 82840000000.0 |
| 62e1b27c-8d9d-44a5-a0f0-80e7e6d437c7/cpu/rate:mean | 2022-10-06T23:14:00+00:00 |        60.0 | 66660000000.0 |
| 62e1b27c-8d9d-44a5-a0f0-80e7e6d437c7/cpu/rate:mean | 2022-10-06T23:15:00+00:00 |        60.0 |  7360000000.0 |
| 62e1b27c-8d9d-44a5-a0f0-80e7e6d437c7/cpu/rate:mean | 2022-10-06T23:16:00+00:00 |        60.0 |  3150000000.0 |
| 62e1b27c-8d9d-44a5-a0f0-80e7e6d437c7/cpu/rate:mean | 2022-10-06T23:17:00+00:00 |        60.0 |  2760000000.0 |
| 62e1b27c-8d9d-44a5-a0f0-80e7e6d437c7/cpu/rate:mean | 2022-10-06T23:18:00+00:00 |        60.0 |  3470000000.0 |
| 62e1b27c-8d9d-44a5-a0f0-80e7e6d437c7/cpu/rate:mean | 2022-10-06T23:19:00+00:00 |        60.0 |  2770000000.0 |
| 62e1b27c-8d9d-44a5-a0f0-80e7e6d437c7/cpu/rate:mean | 2022-10-06T23:20:00+00:00 |        60.0 |  2700000000.0 |
+----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------+-------------+---------------+
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap

  7. Remove the ephemeral Heat process from the undercloud: 

    (undercloud)$ openstack tripleo launch heat --kill
    Copy to Clipboard Toggle word wrap
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