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Chapter 10. Discovering Brokers
Abstract
One of the main strengths of Red Hat JBoss A-MQ is that brokers can be located dynamically through out your infrastructure. In order for clients and other brokers to be able to interact with a broker, they need some way of discovering that the broker exists. JBoss A-MQ does this using a combination of discovery agents and special URI schemes. In order for location transparency to work, the members of a messaging application need a way for discovering each other. In Red Hat JBoss A-MQ this is accomplished using two pieces: discovery agents, components that advertise the brokers available to other members of a messaging application; and discovery URI, a URI that looks up all of the discoverable brokers and presents them as a list of actual URIs for use by the client or network connector.
10.1. Discovery Agents
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Abstract
A discovery agent is a mechanism that advertises available brokers to clients and other brokers.
10.1.1. Introduction to Discovery Agents
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What is a discovery agent?
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A discovery agent is a mechanism that advertises available brokers to clients and other brokers. When a client, or broker, using a discovery URI starts up it will look for any brokers that are available using the specified discovery agent. The clients will update their lists periodically using the same mechanism.
Discovery mechanisms
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How a discovery agent learns about the available brokers varies between agents. Some agents use a static list, some use a third party registry, and some rely on the brokers to provide the information. For discovery agents that rely on the brokers for information, it is necessary to enable the discovery agent in the message broker configuration. For example, to enable the multicast discovery agent on an Openwire endpoint, you edit the relevant
transportConnector element as shown in Example 10.1, “Enabling a Discovery Agent on a Broker”.
Example 10.1. Enabling a Discovery Agent on a Broker
<transportConnectors>
<transportConnector name="openwire"
uri="tcp://localhost:61716"
discoveryUri="multicast://default" />
</transportConnectors>
<transportConnectors>
<transportConnector name="openwire"
uri="tcp://localhost:61716"
discoveryUri="multicast://default" />
</transportConnectors>
Where the
discoveryUri attribute on the transportConnector element is initialized to multicast://default.
Important
If a broker uses multiple transport connectors, you need to configure each transport connector to use a discovery agent individually. This means that different connectors can use different discovery mechanisms or that one or more of the connectors can be undiscoverable.
Discovery agent types
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Red Hat JBoss A-MQ currently supports the following discovery agents:
10.1.2. Fuse Fabric Discovery Agent
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Abstract
The Fuse Fabric discovery agent uses Fuse Fabric to discovery brokers that are deployed into a fabric.
Overview
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The Fuse Fabric discovery agent uses Fuse Fabric to discover the brokers in a specified group. The discovery agent requires that all of the discoverable brokers be deployed into a single fabric. When the client attempts to connect to a broker the agent looks up all of the available brokers in the fabric's registry and returns the ones in the specified group.
URI
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The Fuse Fabric discovery agent URI conforms to the syntax in Example 10.2, “Fuse Fabric Discovery Agent URI Format”.
Example 10.2. Fuse Fabric Discovery Agent URI Format
fabric://GID
fabric://GID
Where GID is the ID of the broker group from which the client discovers the available brokers.
Configuring a broker
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The Fuse Fabric discovery agent requires that the discoverable brokers are deployed into a single fabric.
The best way to deploy brokers into a fabric is using the management console. For information on using the management console see "Management Console User Guide".
You can also use the console to deploy brokers into a fabric. See chapter "Fabric Console Commands" in "Console Reference".
Configuring a client
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To use the agent a client must be configured to connect to a broker using a discovery protocol that uses a Fuse Fabric agent URI as shown in Example 10.3, “Client Connection URL using Fuse Fabric Discovery”.
Example 10.3. Client Connection URL using Fuse Fabric Discovery
discovery:(fabric://nwBrokers)
discovery:(fabric://nwBrokers)
A client using the URL in Example 10.3, “Client Connection URL using Fuse Fabric Discovery” will discover all the brokers in the
nwBrokers broker group and generate a list of brokers to which it can connect.
10.1.3. Static Discovery Agent
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Abstract
The static discovery agent uses an explicit list of broker URLs to specify the available brokers.
Overview
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The static discovery agent does not truly discover the available brokers. It uses an explicit list of broker URLs to specify the available brokers. Brokers are not involved with the static discovery agent. The client only knows about the brokers that are hard coded into the agent's URI.
Using the agent
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The static discovery agent is a client-side only agent. It does not require any configuration on the brokers that will be discovered.
To use the agent, you simply configure the client to connect to a broker using a discovery protocol that uses a static agent URI.
The static discovery agent URI conforms to the syntax in Example 10.4, “Static Discovery Agent URI Format”.
Example 10.4. Static Discovery Agent URI Format
static://(URI1,URI2,URI3,...)
static://(URI1,URI2,URI3,...)Example
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Example 10.5, “Discovery URI using the Static Discovery Agent” shows a discovery URI that configures a client to use the static discovery agent to connect to one member of a broker pair.
Example 10.5. Discovery URI using the Static Discovery Agent
discovery:(static://(tcp://localhost:61716,tcp://localhost:61816))
discovery:(static://(tcp://localhost:61716,tcp://localhost:61816))10.1.4. Multicast Discovery Agent
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Abstract
The multicast discovery agent uses the IP multicast protocol to find any message brokers currently active on the local network.
Overview
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The multicast discovery agent uses the IP multicast protocol to find any message brokers currently active on the local network. The agent requires that each broker you want to advertise is configured to use the multicast agent to publish its details to a multicast group. Clients using the multicast agent as part of the discovery URI they use for connecting to a broker will use the agent to receive the list of available brokers advertising in the specified multicast group.
Important
Your local network (LAN) must be configured appropriately for the IP/multicast protocol to work.
URI
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The multicast discovery agent URI conforms to the syntax in Example 10.6, “Multicast Discovery Agent URI Format”.
Example 10.6. Multicast Discovery Agent URI Format
multicast://GroupID
multicast://GroupID
Where GroupID is an alphanumeric identifier. All participants in the same discovery group must use the same GroupID.
Configuring a broker
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For a broker to be discoverable using the multicast discovery agent, you must enable the discovery agent in the broker's configuration. To enable the multicast discovery agent you set the
transportConnector element's discoveryUri attribute to a mulitcast discovery agent URI as shown in Example 10.7, “Enabling a Multicast Discovery Agent on a Broker”.
Example 10.7. Enabling a Multicast Discovery Agent on a Broker
<transportConnectors>
<transportConnector name="openwire"
uri="tcp://localhost:61716"
discoveryUri="multicast://default" />
</transportConnectors>
<transportConnectors>
<transportConnector name="openwire"
uri="tcp://localhost:61716"
discoveryUri="multicast://default" />
</transportConnectors>
The broker configured in Example 10.7, “Enabling a Multicast Discovery Agent on a Broker” is discoverable as part of the multicast group
default.
Configuring a client
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To use the multicast agent a client must be configured to connect to a broker using a discovery URI that uses a multicast agent URI as shown in Example 10.8, “Client Connection URL using Multicast Discovery”.
Example 10.8. Client Connection URL using Multicast Discovery
discovery:(multicast://default)
discovery:(multicast://default)
A client using the URI in Example 10.8, “Client Connection URL using Multicast Discovery” will discover all the brokers advertised in the
default multicast group and generate a list of brokers to which it can connect.
10.1.5. Zeroconf Discovery Agent
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Abstract
The zeroconf discovery agent uses an open source implementation of Apple's Bonjour networking technology to find any brokers currently active on the local network.
Overview
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The zeroconf discovery agent is derived from Apple’s Bonjour Networking technology, which defines the zeroconf protocol as a mechanism for discovering services on a network. Red Hat JBoss A-MQ bases its implementation of the zeroconf discovery agent on JmDSN, which is a service discovery protocol that is layered over IP/multicast and is compatible with Apple Bonjour.
The agent requires that each broker you want to advertise is configured to use a multicast discovery agent to publish its details to a multicast group. Clients using the zeroconf agent as part of the discovery URI they use for connecting to a broker will use the agent to receive the list of available brokers advertising in the specified multicast group.
Important
Your local network (LAN) must be configured to use IP/multicast for the zeroconf agent to work.
URI
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The zeroconf discovery agent URI conforms to the syntax in Example 10.9, “Zeroconf Discovery Agent URI Format”.
Example 10.9. Zeroconf Discovery Agent URI Format
zeroconf://GroupID
zeroconf://GroupID
Where the GroupID is an alphanumeric identifier. All participants in the same discovery group must use the same GroupID.
Configuring a broker
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For a broker to be discoverable using the zeroconf discovery agent, you must enable a multicast discovery agent in the broker's configuration. To enable the multicast discovery agent you set the
transportConnector element's discoveryUri attribute to a mulitcast discovery agent URI as shown in Example 10.10, “Enabling a Multicast Discovery Agent on a Broker”.
Example 10.10. Enabling a Multicast Discovery Agent on a Broker
<transportConnectors>
<transportConnector name="openwire"
uri="tcp://localhost:61716"
discoveryUri="multicast://NEGroup" />
</transportConnectors>
<transportConnectors>
<transportConnector name="openwire"
uri="tcp://localhost:61716"
discoveryUri="multicast://NEGroup" />
</transportConnectors>
The broker configured in Example 10.10, “Enabling a Multicast Discovery Agent on a Broker” is discoverable as part of the multicast group
NEGroup.
Configuring a client
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To use the agent a client must be configured to connect to a broker using a discovery protocol that uses a zeroconf agent URI as shown in Example 10.11, “Client Connection URL using Zeroconf Discovery”.
Example 10.11. Client Connection URL using Zeroconf Discovery
discovery:(zeroconf://NEGroup)
discovery:(zeroconf://NEGroup)
A client using the URL in Example 10.11, “Client Connection URL using Zeroconf Discovery” will discover all the brokers advertised in the
NEGroup multicast group and generate a list of brokers to which it can connect.
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