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2.2.6. Mapping composite primary and foreign keys

Composite primary keys use a embedded class as the primary key representation, so you'd use the @Id and @Embeddable annotations. Alternatively, you can use the @EmbeddedId annotation. Note that the dependent class has to be serializable and implements equals()/hashCode(). You can also use @IdClass as described in Section 2.2.3, “Mapping identifier properties”.

@Entity
public class RegionalArticle implements Serializable {

    @Id
    public RegionalArticlePk getPk() { ... }
}

@Embeddable
public class RegionalArticlePk implements Serializable { ... }

@Entity
public class RegionalArticle implements Serializable {

    @Id
    public RegionalArticlePk getPk() { ... }
}

@Embeddable
public class RegionalArticlePk implements Serializable { ... }

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or alternatively

@Entity public class RegionalArticle implements Serializable {

    @EmbeddedId
    public RegionalArticlePk getPk() { ... }
}

public class RegionalArticlePk implements Serializable { ... }

@Entity public class RegionalArticle implements Serializable {

    @EmbeddedId
    public RegionalArticlePk getPk() { ... }
}

public class RegionalArticlePk implements Serializable { ... }

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@Embeddable inherit the access type of its owning entity unless the Hibernate specific annotation @AccessType is used. Composite foreign keys (if not using the default sensitive values) are defined on associations using the @JoinColumns element, which is basically an array of @JoinColumn. It is considered a good practice to express referencedColumnNames explicitly. Otherwise, Hibernate will suppose that you use the same order of columns as in the primary key declaration.

@Entity
public class Parent implements Serializable {
    @Id
    public ParentPk id;
    public int age;

    @OneToMany(cascade=CascadeType.ALL)
    @JoinColumns ({
        @JoinColumn(name="parentCivility", referencedColumnName = "isMale"),
        @JoinColumn(name="parentLastName", referencedColumnName = "lastName"),
        @JoinColumn(name="parentFirstName", referencedColumnName = "firstName")
    })
    public Set<Child> children; //unidirectional
    ...
}

@Entity
public class Parent implements Serializable {
    @Id
    public ParentPk id;
    public int age;

    @OneToMany(cascade=CascadeType.ALL)
    @JoinColumns ({
        @JoinColumn(name="parentCivility", referencedColumnName = "isMale"),
        @JoinColumn(name="parentLastName", referencedColumnName = "lastName"),
        @JoinColumn(name="parentFirstName", referencedColumnName = "firstName")
    })
    public Set<Child> children; //unidirectional
    ...
}

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@Entity
public class Child implements Serializable {
    @Id @GeneratedValue
    public Integer id;

    @ManyToOne
    @JoinColumns ({
        @JoinColumn(name="parentCivility", referencedColumnName = "isMale"),
        @JoinColumn(name="parentLastName", referencedColumnName = "lastName"),
        @JoinColumn(name="parentFirstName", referencedColumnName = "firstName")
    })
    public Parent parent; //unidirectional
}

@Entity
public class Child implements Serializable {
    @Id @GeneratedValue
    public Integer id;

    @ManyToOne
    @JoinColumns ({
        @JoinColumn(name="parentCivility", referencedColumnName = "isMale"),
        @JoinColumn(name="parentLastName", referencedColumnName = "lastName"),
        @JoinColumn(name="parentFirstName", referencedColumnName = "firstName")
    })
    public Parent parent; //unidirectional
}

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@Embeddable
public class ParentPk implements Serializable {
    String firstName;
    String lastName;
    ...
}

@Embeddable
public class ParentPk implements Serializable {
    String firstName;
    String lastName;
    ...
}

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Note the explicit usage of the referencedColumnName.

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2.2.6. Mapping composite primary and foreign keys

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