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4.5. State Manager API

JSF has an advanced navigation mechanism that lets you define navigation from view to view. In a web application, navigation occurs when a user changes from one page to another by clicking on a button, a hyperlink, or another command component. There is no switch mechanism between some logical states of the same view. For example, in Login/Register dialog, an existing user signs in with his user name and password, but if a new user attempts to register, an additional field (Confirm) is displayed, and button labels and methods are changed when the user clicks the To register link:
Login Dialog
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Login Dialog

Figure 4.7.  Login Dialog

Register Dialog
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Register Dialog

Figure 4.8.  Register Dialog

RichFaces State API lets you easily define a set of states for pages, and properties for these states.
The States class interfaces with a map, where the keySet defines the State name and the entrySet is a State map. The State map defines the properties, method bindings, or constant state variables of a key or object, where these values may change depending on the active State.
RichFaces State API
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RichFaces State API

Figure 4.9.  RichFaces State API

One of the most convenient features of the RichFaces State API is the ability to navigate between States. The API implements changes in State through standard JSF navigation. When the action component returns an outcome, the JSF navigation handler (extended through the RichFaces State API) checks whether the outcome is registered as a State change outcome. If true, the corresponding State is activated. If false, standard navigation handling is called.
Implement the RichFaces State API like so:
  • Register the State Navigation Handler and the EL Resolver in your faces-config.xml file: 
    ...
<application>
	<navigation-handler>org.richfaces.ui.application.StateNavigationHandler</navigation-handler>
	<el-resolver>org.richfaces.el.StateELResolver</el-resolver>
</application>
...
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  • Register an additional application factory in the faces-config.xml: 
    ...
<factory>
	<application-factory>org.richfaces.ui.application.StateApplicationFactory</application-factory>
</factory>
...
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  • Register two managed beans in the faces-config.xml: 
    ...
<managed-bean>
	<managed-bean-name>state</managed-bean-name>
	<managed-bean-class>org.richfaces.ui.model.States</managed-bean-class>
	<managed-bean-scope>request</managed-bean-scope>
	<managed-property>
		<property-name>states</property-name>
		<property-class>org.richfaces.ui.model.States</property-class>
		<value>#{config.states}</value>
	</managed-property>
</managed-bean>
<managed-bean>
	<managed-bean-name>config</managed-bean-name>
	<managed-bean-class>org.richfaces.demo.stateApi.Config</managed-bean-class>
	<managed-bean-scope>none</managed-bean-scope>
</managed-bean>
...
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    One bean (config) defines and stores State as seen in the following example: 
    ...
public class Config {

	/**
	 * @return States
	 */
	public States getStates() {
		FacesContext facesContext = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance();
		States states = new States();

		// Registering new User State definition
		states.setCurrentState("register"); // Name of the new state

		// Text labels, properties and Labels for controls in "register" state
		states.put("showConfirm", Boolean.TRUE); // confirm field rendering
		states.put("link", "(To login)"); // Switch State link label
		states.put("okBtn", "Register"); // Login/Register button label
		states.put("stateTitle", "Register New User"); // Panel title

		ExpressionFactory expressionFactory = facesContext.getApplication()
				.getExpressionFactory();

		// Define "registerbean" available under "bean" EL binding on the page
		ValueExpression beanExpression = expressionFactory
				.createValueExpression(facesContext.getELContext(),
						"#{registerbean}", Bean.class);
		states.put("bean", beanExpression);

		// Define "registeraction" available under "action" EL binding on the
		// page
		beanExpression = expressionFactory.createValueExpression(facesContext
				.getELContext(), "#{registeraction}", RegisterAction.class);
		states.put("action", beanExpression);

		// Define method expression inside registeraction binding for this state
		MethodExpression methodExpression = expressionFactory.createMethodExpression(
				facesContext.getELContext(), "#{registeraction.ok}",
				String.class, new Class[] {});
		states.put("ok", methodExpression);

		// Outcome for switching to login state definition
		states.setNavigation("switch", "login");

		// Login Existent User State analogous definition
		states.setCurrentState("login");
		states.put("showConfirm", Boolean.FALSE);
		states.put("link", "(To register)");
		states.put("okBtn", "Login");
		states.put("stateTitle", "Login Existing User");

		beanExpression = expressionFactory.createValueExpression(facesContext
				.getELContext(), "#{loginbean}", Bean.class);
		states.put("bean", beanExpression);

		beanExpression = expressionFactory.createValueExpression(facesContext
				.getELContext(), "#{loginaction}", LoginAction.class);
		states.put("action", beanExpression);

		methodExpression = expressionFactory.createMethodExpression(
				facesContext.getELContext(), "#{loginaction.ok}",
				String.class, new Class[] {});
		states.put("ok", methodExpression);

		states.setNavigation("switch", "register");

		return states;
	}
}
...
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    The second bean, with the org.richfaces.ui.model.States type (state), contains the managed property states, which is bound to the first config bean.
  • Next, use state bindings on the page, as in the following example: 
    ...
<h:panelGrid columns="3">
	<h:outputText value="username" />
	<h:inputText value="#{state.bean.name}" id="name" required="true" />
	<h:outputText value="password" />
	<h:inputSecret value="#{state.bean.password}" id="password" required="true" />
	<h:outputText value="confirm" rendered="#{state.showConfirm}" />
	<h:inputSecret value="#{state.bean.confirmPassword}" rendered="#{state.showConfirm}" id="confirm" required="true" />
</h:panelGrid>
<a4j:commandButton actionListener="#{state.action.listener}" action="#{state.ok}" value="#{state.okBtn}" id="action"/>
...
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To see complete example of the Login/Register dialog, see the RichFaces Live Demo.
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