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Chapter 9. Builds

9.1. Overview

A build is the process of transforming input parameters into a resulting object. Most often, the process is used to transform source code into a runnable image.

Build configurations are characterized by a strategy and one or more sources. The strategy determines the aforementioned process, while the sources provide its input.

There are three build strategies:

Source-To-Image (S2I) (description, options)
Docker (description, options)
Custom (description, options)

And there are three types of build source:

It is up to each build strategy to consider or ignore a certain type of source, as well as to determine how it is to be used.

Binary and Git are mutually exclusive source types, while Dockerfile can be used by itself or together with Git and Binary.

9.2. Defining a BuildConfig

A build configuration describes a single build definition and a set of triggers for when a new build should be created.

A build configuration is defined by a BuildConfig, which is a REST object that can be used in a POST to the API server to create a new instance. The following example BuildConfig results in a new build every time a Docker image tag or the source code changes:

Example 9.1. BuildConfig Object Definition

kind: "BuildConfig"
apiVersion: "v1"
metadata:
  name: "ruby-sample-build" 1
spec:
  triggers: 2
    - type: "GitHub"
      github:
        secret: "secret101"
    - type: "Generic"
      generic:
        secret: "secret101"
    - type: "ImageChange"
  source: 3
    type: "Git"
    git:
      uri: "https://github.com/openshift/ruby-hello-world"
    dockerfile: "FROM openshift/ruby-22-centos7\nUSER example"
  strategy: 4
    type: "Source"
    sourceStrategy:
      from:
        kind: "ImageStreamTag"
        name: "ruby-20-centos7:latest"
  output: 5
    to:
      kind: "ImageStreamTag"
      name: "origin-ruby-sample:latest"

1: This specification will create a new BuildConfig named ruby-sample-build.
2: You can specify a list of triggers, which cause a new build to be created.
3: The source section defines the source of the build. The source type determines the primary source of input, and can be either Git, to point to a code repository location, Dockerfile, to build from an inline Dockerfile, or Binary, to accept binary payloads. It is possible to have multiple sources at once, refer to the documentation for each source type for details.
4: The strategy section describes the build strategy used to execute the build. You can specify Source, Docker and Custom strategies here. This above example uses the ruby-20-centos7 Docker image that Source-To-Image will use for the application build.
5: After the Docker image is successfully built, it will be pushed into the repository described in the output section.

9.3. Source-to-Image Strategy Options

The following options are specific to the S2I build strategy.

9.3.1. Force Pull

By default, if the builder image specified in the build configuration is available locally on the node, that image will be used. However, to override the local image and refresh it from the registry to which the image stream points, create a BuildConfig with the forcePull flag set to true:

strategy:
  type: "Source"
  sourceStrategy:
    from:
      kind: "ImageStreamTag"
      name: "builder-image:latest" 1
    forcePull: true 2

1: The builder image being used, where the local version on the node may not be up to date with the version in the registry to which the image stream points.
2: This flag causes the local builder image to be ignored and a fresh version to be pulled from the registry to which the image stream points. Setting forcePull to false results in the default behavior of honoring the image stored locally.

9.3.2. Incremental Builds

S2I can perform incremental builds, which means it reuses artifacts from previously-built images. To create an incremental build, create a BuildConfig with the following modification to the strategy definition:

strategy:
  type: "Source"
  sourceStrategy:
    from:
      kind: "ImageStreamTag"
      name: "incremental-image:latest" 1
    incremental: true 2

1: Specify an image that supports incremental builds. Consult the documentation of the builder image to determine if it supports this behavior.
2: This flag controls whether an incremental build is attempted. If the builder image does not support incremental builds, the build will still succeed, but you will get a log message stating the incremental build was not successful because of a missing save-artifacts script.

Note

See the S2I Requirements topic for information on how to create a builder image supporting incremental builds.

9.3.3. Overriding Builder Image Scripts

You can override the assemble, run, and save-artifactsS2I scripts provided by the builder image in one of two ways. Either:

Provide an assemble, run, and/or save-artifacts script in the .sti/bin directory of your application source repository, or
Provide a URL of a directory containing the scripts as part of the strategy definition. For example:

strategy:
  type: "Source"
  sourceStrategy:
    from:
      kind: "ImageStreamTag"
      name: "builder-image:latest"
    scripts: "http://somehost.com/scripts_directory" 1

1: This path will have run, assemble, and save-artifacts appended to it. If any or all scripts are found they will be used in place of the same named script(s) provided in the image.

Note

Files located at the scripts URL take precedence over files located in .sti/bin of the source repository. See the S2I Requirements topic and the S2I documentation for information on how S2I scripts are used.

9.3.4. Environment Variables

There are two ways to make environment variables available to the source build process and resulting image: environment files and BuildConfig environment values.

9.3.4.1. Environment Files

Source build enables you to set environment values (one per line) inside your application, by specifying them in a .sti/environment file in the source repository. The environment variables specified in this file are present during the build process and in the final Docker image. The complete list of supported environment variables is available in the documentation for each image.

If you provide a .sti/environment file in your source repository, S2I reads this file during the build. This allows customization of the build behavior as the assemble script may use these variables.

For example, if you want to disable assets compilation for your Rails application, you can add DISABLE_ASSET_COMPILATION=true in the .sti/environment file to cause assets compilation to be skipped during the build.

In addition to builds, the specified environment variables are also available in the running application itself. For example, you can add RAILS_ENV=development to the .sti/environment file to cause the Rails application to start in development mode instead of production.

9.3.4.2. BuildConfig Environment

You can add environment variables to the sourceStrategy definition of the BuildConfig. The environment variables defined there are visible during the assemble script execution and will be defined in the output image, making them also available to the run script and application code.

For example disabling assets compilation for your Rails application:

sourceStrategy:
...
  env:
    - name: "DISABLE_ASSET_COMPILATION"
      value: "true"

9.4. Docker Strategy Options

The following options are specific to the Docker build strategy.

9.4.1. FROM Image

The FROM instruction of the Dockerfile will be replaced by the from of the BuildConfig:

strategy:
  type: Docker
  dockerStrategy:
    from:
      kind: "ImageStreamTag"
      name: "debian:latest"

9.4.2. Dockerfile Path

By default, Docker builds use a Dockerfile (named Dockerfile) located at the root of the context specified in the BuildConfig.spec.source.contextDir field.

The dockerfilePath field allows the build to use a different path to locate your Dockerfile, relative to the BuildConfig.spec.source.contextDir field. It can be simply a different file name other than the default Dockerfile (for example, MyDockerfile), or a path to a Dockerfile in a subdirectory (for example, dockerfiles/app1/):

strategy:
  type: Docker
  dockerStrategy:
    dockerfilePath: dockerfiles/app1/

9.4.3. No Cache

Docker builds normally reuse cached layers found on the host performing the build. Setting the noCache option to true forces the build to ignore cached layers and rerun all steps of the Dockerfile:

strategy:
  type: "Docker"
  dockerStrategy:
    noCache: true

9.4.4. Force Pull

strategy:
  type: "Docker"
  dockerStrategy:
    forcePull: true 1

1: This flag causes the local builder image to be ignored, and a fresh version to be pulled from the registry to which the image stream points. Setting forcePull to false results in the default behavior of honoring the image stored locally.

9.4.5. Environment Variables

To make environment variables available to the Docker build process and resulting image, you can add environment variables to the dockerStrategy definition of the BuildConfig.

The environment variables defined there are inserted as a single ENV Dockerfile instruction right after the FROM instruction, so that it can be referenced later on within the Dockerfile.

The variables are defined during build and stay in the output image, therefore they will be present in any container that runs that image as well.

For example, defining a custom HTTP proxy to be used during build and runtime:

dockerStrategy:
...
  env:
    - name: "HTTP_PROXY"
      value: "http://myproxy.net:5187/"

9.5. Custom Strategy Options

The following options are specific to the Custom build strategy.

9.5.1. Exposing the Docker Socket

In order to allow the running of Docker commands and the building of Docker images from inside the Docker container, the build container must be bound to an accessible socket. To do so, set the exposeDockerSocket option to true:

strategy:
  type: "Custom"
  customStrategy:
    exposeDockerSocket: true

9.5.2. Secrets

In addition to secrets for source and images that can be added to all build types, custom strategies allow adding an arbitrary list of secrets to the builder pod.

Each secret can be mounted at a specific location:

strategy:
  type: "Custom"
  customStrategy:
    secrets:
      - secretSource: 1
          name: "secret1"
        mountPath: "/tmp/secret1" 2
      - secretSource:
          name: "secret2"
        mountPath: "/tmp/secret2"

1: secretSource is a reference to a secret in the same namespace as the build.
2: mountPath is the path inside the custom builder where the secret should be mounted.

9.5.3. Force Pull

By default, when setting up the build pod, the build controller checks if the image specified in the build configuration is available locally on the node. If so, that image will be used. However, to override the local image and refresh it from the registry to which the image stream points, create a BuildConfig with the forcePull flag set to true:

strategy:
  type: "Custom"
  customStrategy:
    forcePull: true 1

1: This flag causes the local builder image to be ignored, and a fresh version to be pulled from the registry to which the image stream points. Setting forcePull to false results in the default behavior of honoring the image stored locally.

9.5.4. Environment Variables

To make environment variables available to the Custom build process, you can add environment variables to the customStrategy definition of the BuildConfig.

The environment variables defined there are passed to the pod that runs the custom build.

For example, defining a custom HTTP proxy to be used during build:

customStrategy:
...
  env:
    - name: "HTTP_PROXY"
      value: "http://myproxy.net:5187/"

9.6. Git Repository Source Options

When the BuildConfig.spec.source.type is Git, a Git repository is required, and an inline Dockerfile is optional.

The source code is fetched from the location specified and, if the BuildConfig.spec.source.dockerfile field is specified, the inline Dockerfile replaces the one in the contextDir of the Git repository.

The source definition is part of the spec section in the BuildConfig:

source:
  type: "Git"
  git: 1
    uri: "https://github.com/openshift/ruby-hello-world"
    ref: "master"
  contextDir: "app/dir" 2
  dockerfile: "FROM openshift/ruby-22-centos7\nUSER example" 3

1: The git field contains the URI to the remote Git repository of the source code. Optionally, specify the ref field to check out a specific Git reference. A valid ref can be a SHA1 tag or a branch name.
2: The contextDir field allows you to override the default location inside the source code repository where the build looks for the application source code. If your application exists inside a sub-directory, you can override the default location (the root folder) using this field.
3: If the optional dockerfile field is provided, it should be a string containing a Dockerfile that overwrites any Dockerfile that may exist in the source repository.

9.6.1. Using a Proxy for Git Cloning

If your Git repository can only be accessed using a proxy, you can define the proxy to use in the source section of the BuildConfig. You can configure both a HTTP and HTTPS proxy to use. Both fields are optional.

Note

Your source URI must use the HTTP or HTTPS protocol for this to work.

source:
  type: Git
  git:
    uri: "https://github.com/openshift/ruby-hello-world"
    httpProxy: http://proxy.example.com
    httpsProxy: https://proxy.example.com

9.6.2. Using Private Repositories for Builds

Supply valid credentials to build an application from a private repository.

Currently two types of authentication are supported: basic username-password and SSH key based authentication.

9.6.2.1. Basic Authentication

Basic authentication requires either a combination of username and password, or a token to authenticate against the SCM server. A CA certificate file, or a .gitconfig file can be attached.

A secret is used to store your keys.

Create the secret first before using the username and password to access the private repository:

$ oc secrets new-basicauth basicsecret --username=USERNAME --password=PASSWORD

To create a Basic Authentication Secret with a token:

$ oc secrets new-basicauth basicsecret --password=TOKEN

To create a Basic Authentication Secret with a CA certificate file:

$ oc secrets new-basicauth basicsecret --username=USERNAME --password=PASSWORD --ca-cert=FILENAME

To create a Basic Authentication Secret with a .gitconfig file:

$ oc secrets new-basicauth basicsecret --username=USERNAME --password=PASSWORD --gitconfig=FILENAME

Add the secret to the builder service account. Each build is run with serviceaccount/builder role, so you need to give it access your secret with following command:
```
$ oc secrets add serviceaccount/builder secrets/basicsecret
```

Add a sourceSecret field to the source section inside the BuildConfig and set it to the name of the secret that you created. In this case basicsecret:

apiVersion: "v1"
kind: "BuildConfig"
metadata:
  name: "sample-build"
spec:
  output:
    to:
      kind: "ImageStreamTag"
      name: "sample-image:latest"
  source:
    git:
      uri: "https://github.com/user/app.git" 1
    sourceSecret:
      name: "basicsecret"
    type: "Git"
  strategy:
    sourceStrategy:
      from:
        kind: "ImageStreamTag"
        name: "python-33-centos7:latest"
    type: "Source"

1: The URL of private repository, accessed by basic authentication, is usually in the http or https form.

9.6.2.2. SSH Key Based Authentication

SSH Key Based Authentication requires a private SSH key. A .gitconfig file can also be attached.

The repository keys are usually located in the $HOME/.ssh/ directory, and are named id_dsa.pub, id_ecdsa.pub, id_ed25519.pub, or id_rsa.pub by default. Generate SSH key credentials with the following command:

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "your_email@example.com"

Note

Creating a passphrase for the SSH key prevents OpenShift Enterprisefrom building. When prompted for a passphrase, leave it blank.

Two files are created: the public key and a corresponding private key (one of id_dsa, id_ecdsa, id_ed25519, or id_rsa). With both of these in place, consult your source control management (SCM) system’s manual on how to upload the public key. The private key will be used to access your private repository.

A secret is used to store your keys.

Create the secret first before using the SSH key to access the private repository:

$ oc secrets new-sshauth sshsecret --ssh-privatekey=$HOME/.ssh/id_rsa

To create a SSH Based Authentication Secret with a .gitconfig file:

$ oc secrets new-sshauth sshsecret --ssh-privatekey=$HOME/.ssh/id_rsa --gitconfig=FILENAME

Add the secret to the builder service account. Each build is run with serviceaccount/builder role, so you need to give it access your secret with following command:
```
$ oc secrets add serviceaccount/builder secrets/sshsecret
```

Add a sourceSecret field into the source section inside the BuildConfig and set it to the name of the secret that you created. In this case sshsecret:

apiVersion: "v1"
kind: "BuildConfig"
metadata:
  name: "sample-build"
spec:
  output:
    to:
      kind: "ImageStreamTag"
      name: "sample-image:latest"
  source:
    git:
      uri: "git@repository.com:user/app.git" 1
    sourceSecret:
      name: "sshsecret"
    type: "Git"
  strategy:
    sourceStrategy:
      from:
        kind: "ImageStreamTag"
        name: "python-33-centos7:latest"
    type: "Source"

1: The URL of private repository, accessed by a private SSH key, is usually in the form git@example.com:<username>/<repository>.git.

9.6.2.3. Other

If the cloning of your application is dependent on a CA certificate, .gitconfig file, or both, then you can create a secret that contains them, add it to the builder service account, and then your BuildConfig.

Create desired type of secret:
1. To create a secret from a .gitconfig:
```
$ oc secrets new mysecret .gitconfig=path/to/.gitconfig
```
2. To create a secret from a CA certificate:
```
$ oc secrets new mysecret ca.crt=path/to/certificate
```
3. To create a secret from a CA certificate and .gitconfig:
```
$ oc secrets new mysecret ca.crt=path/to/certificate .gitconfig=path/to/.gitconfig
```
  Note
  SSL verification can be turned off, if sslVerify=false is set for the http section in your .gitconfig file:
  [http] sslVerify=false
Add the secret to the builder service account. Each build is run with the serviceaccount/builder role, so you need to give it access your secret with following command:
```
$ oc secrets add serviceaccount/builder secrets/mysecret
```

Add the secret to the BuildConfig:

source:
  git:
    uri: "https://github.com/sclorg/nodejs-ex.git"
  sourceSecret:
    name: "mysecret"

9.7. Dockerfile Source

When the BuildConfig.spec.source.type is Dockerfile, an inline Dockerfile is used as the build input, and no additional sources can be provided.

This source type is valid when the build strategy type is Docker or Custom.

The source definition is part of the spec section in the BuildConfig:

source:
  type: "Dockerfile"
  dockerfile: "FROM centos:7\nRUN yum install -y httpd" 1

1: The dockerfile field contains an inline Dockerfile that will be built.

9.8. Binary Source

When the BuildConfig.spec.source.type is Binary, the build will expect a binary as input, and an inline Dockerfile is optional.

The binary is generally assumed to be a tar, gzipped tar, or zip file depending on the strategy. For Docker builds, this is the build context and an optional Dockerfile may be specified to override any Dockerfile in the build context. For Source builds, this is assumed to be an archive as described above. For Source and Docker builds, if binary.asFile is set the build context will consist of a single file named by the value of binary.asFile. The contextDir field may be used when an archive is provided. Custom builds will receive this binary as input on standard input (stdin).

A binary source potentially extracts content (if asFile is not set), in which case contextDir allows changing to a subdirectory within the content before the build executes.

The source definition is part of the spec section in the BuildConfig:

source:
  git:
    uri: https://github.com/sclorg/nodejs-ex.git
  secrets:
    - secret:
        name: secret-npmrc
  type: Git

To include the secrets in a new build configuration, run the following command:

$ oc new-build openshift/nodejs-010-centos7~https://github.com/sclorg/nodejs-ex.git

During the build, the .npmrc file is copied into the directory where the source code is located. In case of the OpenShift Enterprise S2I builder images, this is the image working directory, which is set using the WORKDIR instruction in the Dockerfile. If you want to specify another directory, add a destinationDir to the secret definition:

source:
  git:
    uri: https://github.com/sclorg/nodejs-ex.git
  secrets:
    - secret:
        name: secret-npmrc
      destinationDir: /etc
  type: Git

You can also specify the destination directory when creating a new build configuration:

$ oc new-build openshift/nodejs-010-centos7~https://github.com/sclorg/nodejs-ex.git

: The binary field specifies the details of the binary source.
: The asFile field specifies the name of the file that will be created with the binary contents.
: The contextDir field specifies a subdirectory within the extracted contents of a binary archive.
: If the optional dockerfile field is provided, it should be a string containing an inline Dockerfile that potentially replaces one within the contents of the binary archive.

9.9. Starting a Build

Manually start a new build from an existing build configuration in your current project using the following command:

$ oc start-build <buildconfig_name>

Re-run a build using the --from-build flag:

$ oc start-build --from-build=<build_name>

Specify the --follow flag to stream the build’s logs in stdout:

$ oc start-build <buildconfig_name> --follow

Specify the --env flag to set any desired environment variable for the build:

$ oc start-build <buildconfig_name> --env=<key>=<value>

Rather than relying on a Git source pull or a Dockerfile for a build, you can can also start a build by directly pushing your source, which could be the contents of a Git or SVN working directory, a set of prebuilt binary artifacts you want to deploy, or a single file. This can be done by specifying one of the following options for the start-build command:

Option	Description
`--from-dir=<directory>`	Specifies a directory that will be archived and used as a binary input for the build.
`--from-file=<file>`	Specifies a single file that will be the only file in the build source. The file is placed in the root of an empty directory with the same file name as the original file provided.
`--from-repo=<local_source_repo>`	Specifies a path to a local repository to use as the binary input for a build. Add the `--commit` option to control which branch, tag, or commit is used for the build.

When passing any of these options directly to the build, the contents are streamed to the build and override the current build source settings.

Note

Builds triggered from binary input will not preserve the source on the server, so rebuilds triggered by base image changes will use the source specified in the build configuration.

For example, the following command sends the contents of a local Git repository as an archive from the tag v2 and starts a build:

$ oc start-build hello-world --from-repo=../hello-world --commit=v2

9.10. Canceling a Build

Manually cancel a build using the web console, or with the following CLI command:

$ oc cancel-build <build_name>

9.11. Viewing Build Details

You can view build details using the web console or the following CLI command:

$ oc describe build <build_name>

The output of the describe command includes details such as the build source, strategy, and output destination. If the build uses the Docker or Source strategy, it will also include information about the source revision used for the build: commit ID, author, committer, and message.

9.12. Accessing Build Logs

You can access build logs using the web console or the CLI.

To stream the logs using the build directly:

$ oc logs -f build/<build_name>

To stream the logs of the latest build for a build configuration:

$ oc logs -f bc/<buildconfig_name>

To return the logs of a given version build for a build configuration:

$ oc logs --version=<number> bc/<buildconfig_name>

Log Verbosity

To enable more verbose output, pass the BUILD_LOGLEVEL environment variable as part of the sourceStrategy or dockerStrategy in a BuildConfig:

sourceStrategy:
...
  env:
    - name: "BUILD_LOGLEVEL"
      value: "2" 1

1: Adjust this value to the desired log level.

Note

A platform administrator can set verbosity for the entire OpenShift Enterprise instance by passing the --loglevel option to the openshift start command. If both --loglevel and BUILD_LOGLEVEL are specified, BUILD_LOGLEVEL takes precedence.

Available log levels for Source builds are as follows:

Level 0	Produces output from containers running the *assemble* script and all encountered errors. This is the default.
Level 1	Produces basic information about the executed process.
Level 2	Produces very detailed information about the executed process.
Level 3	Produces very detailed information about the executed process, and a listing of the archive contents.
Level 4	Currently produces the same information as level 3.
Level 5	Produces everything mentioned on previous levels and additionally provides docker push messages.

9.13. Setting Maximum Duration

When defining a BuildConfig, you can define its maximum duration by setting the completionDeadlineSeconds field. It is specified in seconds and is not set by default. When not set, there is no maximum duration enforced.

The maximum duration is counted from the time when a build pod gets scheduled in the system, and defines how long it can be active, including the time needed to pull the builder image. After reaching the specified timeout, the build is terminated by OpenShift Enterprise.

The following example shows the part of a BuildConfig specifying completionDeadlineSeconds field for 30 minutes:

spec:
  completionDeadlineSeconds: 1800

9.14. Build Triggers

When defining a BuildConfig, you can define triggers to control the circumstances in which the BuildConfig should be run. The following build triggers are available:

9.14.1. Webhook Triggers

Webhook triggers allow you to trigger a new build by sending a request to the OpenShift Enterprise API endpoint. You can define these triggers using GitHub webhooks or Generic webhooks.

GitHub Webhooks

GitHub webhooks handle the call made by GitHub when a repository is updated. When defining the trigger, you must specify a secret, which will be part of the URL you supply to GitHub when configuring the webhook. The secret ensures the uniqueness of the URL, preventing others from triggering the build. The following example is a trigger definition YAML within the BuildConfig:

type: "GitHub"
github:
  secret: "secret101"

Note

The secret field in webhook trigger configuration is not the same as secret field you encounter when configuring webhook in GitHub UI. The former is to make the webhook URL unique and hard to predict, the latter is an optional string field used to create HMAC hex digest of the body, which is sent as an X-Hub-Signatureheader.

The payload URL is returned as the GitHub Webhook URL by the describe command (see below), and is structured as follows:

http://<openshift_api_host:port>/oapi/v1/namespaces/<namespace>/buildconfigs/<name>/webhooks/<secret>/github

To configure a GitHub Webhook:

Describe the build configuration to get the webhook URL:
```
$ oc describe bc <name>
```
Copy the webhook URL.
Follow the GitHub setup instructions to paste the webhook URL into your GitHub repository settings.

Note

Gogs supports the same webhook payload format as GitHub. Therefore, if you are using a Gogs server, you can define a GitHub webhook trigger on your BuildConfig and trigger it via your Gogs server also.

Generic Webhooks

Generic webhooks can be invoked from any system capable of making a web request. As with a GitHub webhook, you must specify a secret which will be part of the URL, the caller must use to trigger the build. The secret ensures the uniqueness of the URL, preventing others from triggering the build. The following is an example trigger definition YAML within the BuildConfig:

type: "Generic"
generic:
  secret: "secret101"

To set up the caller, supply the calling system with the URL of the generic webhook endpoint for your build:

http://<openshift_api_host:port>/oapi/v1/namespaces/<namespace>/buildconfigs/<name>/webhooks/<secret>/generic

The endpoint can accept an optional payload with the following format:

type: "git"
git:
  uri: "<url to git repository>"
  ref: "<optional git reference>"
  commit: "<commit hash identifying a specific git commit>"
  author:
    name: "<author name>"
    email: "<author e-mail>"
  committer:
    name: "<committer name>"
    email: "<committer e-mail>"
  message: "<commit message>"

Displaying a BuildConfig’s Webhook URLs

Use the following command to display the webhook URLs associated with a build configuration:

$ oc describe bc <name>

If the above command does not display any webhook URLs, then no webhook trigger is defined for that build configuration.

9.14.2. Image Change Triggers

Image change triggers allow your build to be automatically invoked when a new version of an upstream image is available. For example, if a build is based on top of a RHEL image, then you can trigger that build to run any time the RHEL image changes. As a result, the application image is always running on the latest RHEL base image.

Configuring an image change trigger requires the following actions:

Define an ImageStream that points to the upstream image you want to trigger on:
```
kind: "ImageStream"
apiVersion: "v1"
metadata:
  name: "ruby-20-centos7"
```
This defines the image stream that is tied to a Docker image repository located at <system-registry>/<namespace>/ruby-20-centos7. The <system-registry> is defined as a service with the name docker-registry running in OpenShift Enterprise.
If an image stream is the base image for the build, set the from field in the build strategy to point to the image stream:
```
strategy:
  type: "Source"
  sourceStrategy:
    from:
      kind: "ImageStreamTag"
      name: "ruby-20-centos7:latest"
```
In this case, the sourceStrategy definition is consuming the latest tag of the image stream named ruby-20-centos7 located within this namespace.
Define a build with one or more triggers that point to image streams:
```
type: "imageChange" 1
imageChange: {}
type: "imagechange" 2
imageChange:
  from:
    kind: "ImageStreamTag"
    name: "custom-image:latest"
```
1
An image change trigger that monitors the ImageStream and Tag as defined by the build strategy’s from field. The imageChange object here must be empty.
2
An image change trigger that monitors an arbitrary image stream. The imageChange part in this case must include a from field that references the ImageStreamTag to monitor.

When using an image change trigger for the strategy image stream, the generated build is supplied with an immutable Docker tag that points to the latest image corresponding to that tag. This new image reference will be used by the strategy when it executes for the build. For other image change triggers that do not reference the strategy image stream, a new build will be started, but the build strategy will not be updated with a unique image reference.

In the example above that has an image change trigger for the strategy, the resulting build will be:

strategy:
  type: "Source"
  sourceStrategy:
    from:
      kind: "DockerImage"
      name: "172.30.17.3:5001/mynamespace/ruby-20-centos7:immutableid"

This ensures that the triggered build uses the new image that was just pushed to the repository, and the build can be re-run any time with the same inputs.

In addition to setting the image field for all Strategy types, for custom builds, the OPENSHIFT_CUSTOM_BUILD_BASE_IMAGE environment variable is checked. If it does not exist, then it is created with the immutable image reference. If it does exist then it is updated with the immutable image reference.

If a build is triggered due to a webhook trigger or manual request, the build that is created uses the immutableid resolved from the ImageStream referenced by the Strategy. This ensures that builds are performed using consistent image tags for ease of reproduction.

Note

Image streams that point to Docker images in v1 Docker registries only trigger a build once when the image stream tag becomes available and not on subsequent image updates. This is due to the lack of uniquely identifiable images in v1 Docker registries.

9.14.3. Configuration Change Triggers

A configuration change trigger allows a build to be automatically invoked as soon as a new BuildConfig is created. The following is an example trigger definition YAML within the BuildConfig:

  type: "ConfigChange"

Note

Configuration change triggers currently only work when creating a new BuildConfig. In a future release, configuration change triggers will also be able to launch a build whenever a BuildConfig is updated.

9.15. Using Docker Credentials for Pushing and Pulling Images

Supply the .dockercfg file with valid Docker Registry credentials in order to push the output image into a private Docker Registry or pull the builder image from the private Docker Registry that requires authentication. For the OpenShift Enterprise Docker Registry, you don’t have to do this because secrets are generated automatically for you by OpenShift Enterprise.

The .dockercfg JSON file is found in your home directory by default and has the following format:

auths:
  https://index.docker.io/v1/: 1
    auth: "YWRfbGzhcGU6R2labnRib21ifTE=" 2
    email: "user@example.com" 3

1: URL of the registry.
2: Encrypted password.
3: Email address for the login.

You can define multiple Docker registry entries in this file. Alternatively, you can also add authentication entries to this file by running the docker login command. The file will be created if it does not exist. Kubernetes provides secret objects, which are used to store your configuration and passwords.

Create the secret from your local .dockercfg file:
```
$ oc secrets new dockerhub ~/.dockercfg
```
This generates a JSON specification of the secret named dockerhub and creates the object.
Once the secret is created, add it to the builder service account. Each build is run with serviceaccount/builder role, so you need to give it access your secret with following command:
```
$ oc secrets add serviceaccount/builder secrets/dockerhub
```
Add a pushSecret field into the output section of the BuildConfig and set it to the name of the secret that you created, which in the above example is dockerhub:
```
spec:
  output:
    to:
      kind: "DockerImage"
      name: "private.registry.com/org/private-image:latest"
    pushSecret:
      name: "dockerhub"
```

Pull the builder Docker image from a private Docker registry by specifying the pullSecret field, which is part of the build strategy definition:

strategy:
  sourceStrategy:
    from:
      kind: "DockerImage"
      name: "docker.io/user/private_repository"
    pullSecret:
      name: "dockerhub"
  type: "Source"

Note

This example uses pullSecret in a Source build, but it is also applicable in Docker and Custom builds.

9.16. Build Output

Docker and Source builds result in the creation of a new Docker image. The image is then pushed to the registry specified in the output section of the Build specification.

If the output kind is ImageStreamTag, then the image will be pushed to the integrated OpenShift Enterprise registry and tagged in the specified image stream. If the output is of type DockerImage, then the name of the output reference will be used as a Docker push specification. The specification may contain a registry or will default to DockerHub if no registry is specified. If the output section of the build specification is empty, then the image will not be pushed at the end of the build.

Example 9.2. Output to an ImageStreamTag

output:
  to:
    kind: "ImageStreamTag"
    name: "sample-image:latest"

Example 9.3. Output to a Docker Push Specification

output:
  to:
    kind: "DockerImage"
    name: "my-registry.mycompany.com:5000/myimages/myimage:tag"

9.16.1. Output Image Environment Variables

Docker and Source builds set the following environment variables on output images:

Variable	Description
`OPENSHIFT_BUILD_NAME`	Name of the build
`OPENSHIFT_BUILD_NAMESPACE`	Namespace of the build
`OPENSHIFT_BUILD_SOURCE`	The source URL of the build
`OPENSHIFT_BUILD_REFERENCE`	The Git reference used in the build
`OPENSHIFT_BUILD_COMMIT`	Source commit used in the build

9.16.2. Output Image Labels

Docker and Source builds set the following labels on output images:

Label	Description
io.openshift.build.commit.author	Author of the source commit used in the build
io.openshift.build.commit.date	Date of the source commit used in the build
io.openshift.build.commit.id	Hash of the source commit used in the build
io.openshift.build.commit.message	Message of the source commit used in the build
io.openshift.build.commit.ref	Branch or reference specified in the source
io.openshift.build.source-location	Source URL for the build

9.17. Using External Artifacts During a Build

It is not recommended to store binary files in a source repository. Therefore, you may find it necessary to define a build which pulls additional files (such as Java .jar dependencies) during the build process. How this is done depends on the build strategy you are using.

For a Source build strategy, you must put appropriate shell commands into the assemble script:

Example 9.4. .sti/bin/assemble File

#!/bin/sh
APP_VERSION=1.0
wget http://repository.example.com/app/app-$APP_VERSION.jar -O app.jar

Example 9.5. .sti/bin/run File

#!/bin/sh
exec java -jar app.jar

Note

For more information on how to control which assemble and run script is used by a Source build, see Overriding Builder Image Scripts.

For a Docker build strategy, you must modify the Dockerfile and invoke shell commands with the RUN instruction:

Example 9.6. Excerpt of Dockerfile

FROM jboss/base-jdk:8

ENV APP_VERSION 1.0
RUN wget http://repository.example.com/app/app-$APP_VERSION.jar -O app.jar

EXPOSE 8080
CMD [ "java", "-jar", "app.jar" ]

In practice, you may want to use an environment variable for the file location so that the specific file to be downloaded can be customized using an environment variable defined on the BuildConfig, rather than updating the assemble script or Dockerfile.

You can choose between different methods of defining environment variables:

Using the .sti/environment file (only for a Source build strategy)
Setting in BuildConfig
Providing explicitly using oc start-build --env (only for builds that are triggered manually)

9.18. Build Resources

By default, builds are completed by pods using unbound resources, such as memory and CPU. These resources can be limited by specifying resource limits in a project’s default container limits.

You can also limit resource use by specifying resource limits as part of the build configuration. In the following example, each of the resources, cpu, and memory parameters are optional:

apiVersion: "v1"
kind: "BuildConfig"
metadata:
  name: "sample-build"
spec:
  resources:
    limits:
      cpu: "100m" 1
      memory: "256Mi" 2

1: cpu is in CPU units: 100m represents 0.1 CPU units (100 * 1e-3).
2: memory is in bytes: 256Mi represents 268435456 bytes (256 * 2 ^ 20).

However, if a quota has been defined for your project, one of the following two items is required:

A resources section set with an explicit requests:
```
resources:
  requests: 1
    cpu: "100m"
    memory: "256Mi"
```
1
The requests object contains the list of resources that correspond to the list of resources in the quota.
A limit range defined in your project, where the defaults from the LimitRange object apply to pods created during the build process.

Otherwise, build pod creation will fail, citing a failure to satisfy quota.

9.19. Troubleshooting

Table 9.1. Troubleshooting Guidance for Builds
Issue	Resolution
A build fails with: requested access to the resource is denied	You have exceeded one of the image quotas set on your project. Check your current quota and verify the limits applied and storage in use: $ oc describe quota

이 콘텐츠는 선택한 언어로 제공되지 않습니다.

Chapter 9. Builds

9.1. Overview

9.2. Defining a BuildConfig

9.3. Source-to-Image Strategy Options

9.3.1. Force Pull

9.3.2. Incremental Builds

9.3.3. Overriding Builder Image Scripts

9.3.4. Environment Variables

9.3.4.1. Environment Files

9.3.4.2. BuildConfig Environment

9.4. Docker Strategy Options

9.4.1. FROM Image

9.4.2. Dockerfile Path

9.4.3. No Cache

9.4.4. Force Pull

9.4.5. Environment Variables

9.5. Custom Strategy Options

9.5.1. Exposing the Docker Socket

9.5.2. Secrets

9.5.3. Force Pull

9.5.4. Environment Variables

9.6. Git Repository Source Options

9.6.1. Using a Proxy for Git Cloning

9.6.2. Using Private Repositories for Builds

9.6.2.1. Basic Authentication

9.6.2.2. SSH Key Based Authentication

9.6.2.3. Other

9.7. Dockerfile Source

9.8. Binary Source

9.9. Starting a Build

9.10. Canceling a Build

9.11. Viewing Build Details

9.12. Accessing Build Logs

9.13. Setting Maximum Duration

9.14. Build Triggers

9.14.1. Webhook Triggers

9.14.2. Image Change Triggers

9.14.3. Configuration Change Triggers

9.15. Using Docker Credentials for Pushing and Pulling Images

9.16. Build Output

9.16.1. Output Image Environment Variables

9.16.2. Output Image Labels

9.17. Using External Artifacts During a Build

9.18. Build Resources

9.19. Troubleshooting

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