이 콘텐츠는 선택한 언어로 제공되지 않습니다.

Chapter 2. Deployment configuration

This chapter describes how to configure different aspects of the supported deployments using custom resources:

Kafka clusters
Kafka Connect clusters
Kafka Connect clusters with Source2Image support
Kafka MirrorMaker
Kafka Bridge
Cruise Control

Note

Labels applied to a custom resource are also applied to the OpenShift resources comprising Kafka MirrorMaker. This provides a convenient mechanism for resources to be labeled as required.

2.1. Kafka cluster configuration

This section describes how to configure a Kafka deployment in your AMQ Streams cluster. A Kafka cluster is deployed with a ZooKeeper cluster. The deployment can also include the Topic Operator and User Operator, which manage Kafka topics and users.

You configure Kafka using the Kafka resource. Configuration options are also available for ZooKeeper and the Entity Operator within the Kafka resource. The Entity Operator comprises the Topic Operator and User Operator.

The full schema of the Kafka resource is described in the Section 13.2.1, “Kafka schema reference”.

Listener configuration

You configure listeners for connecting clients to Kafka brokers. For more information on configuring listeners for connecting brokers, see Listener configuration.

Authorizing access to Kafka

You can configure your Kafka cluster to allow or decline actions executed by users. For more information on securing access to Kafka brokers, see Managing access to Kafka.

Managing TLS certificates

When deploying Kafka, the Cluster Operator automatically sets up and renews TLS certificates to enable encryption and authentication within your cluster. If required, you can manually renew the cluster and client CA certificates before their renewal period ends. You can also replace the keys used by the cluster and client CA certificates. For more information, see Renewing CA certificates manually and Replacing private keys.

Additional resources

For more information about Apache Kafka, see the Apache Kafka website.

2.1.1. Configuring Kafka

Use the properties of the Kafka resource to configure your Kafka deployment.

As well as configuring Kafka, you can add configuration for ZooKeeper and the AMQ Streams Operators. Common configuration properties, such as logging and healthchecks, are configured independently for each component.

This procedure shows only some of the possible configuration options, but those that are particularly important include:

Resource requests (CPU / Memory)
JVM options for maximum and minimum memory allocation
Listeners (and authentication of clients)
Authentication
Storage
Rack awareness
Metrics
Cruise Control for cluster rebalancing

Kafka versions

The log.message.format.version and inter.broker.protocol.version properties for the Kafka config must be the versions supported by the specified Kafka version (spec.kafka.version). The properties represent the log format version appended to messages and the version of Kafka protocol used in a Kafka cluster. Updates to these properties are required when upgrading your Kafka version. For more information, see Upgrading Kafka in the Deploying and Upgrading AMQ Streams on OpenShift guide.

Prerequisites

An OpenShift cluster
A running Cluster Operator

See the Deploying and Upgrading AMQ Streams on OpenShift guide for instructions on deploying a:

Procedure

Edit the spec properties for the Kafka resource.
The properties you can configure are shown in this example configuration:
```
apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: Kafka
metadata:
  name: my-cluster
spec:
  kafka:
    replicas: 3 1
    version: 2.7.0 2
    logging: 3
      type: inline
      loggers:
        kafka.root.logger.level: "INFO"
    resources: 4
      requests:
        memory: 64Gi
        cpu: "8"
      limits:
        memory: 64Gi
        cpu: "12"
    readinessProbe: 5
      initialDelaySeconds: 15
      timeoutSeconds: 5
    livenessProbe:
      initialDelaySeconds: 15
      timeoutSeconds: 5
    jvmOptions: 6
      -Xms: 8192m
      -Xmx: 8192m
    image: my-org/my-image:latest 7
    listeners: 8
      - name: plain 9
        port: 9092 10
        type: internal 11
        tls: false 12
        configuration:
          useServiceDnsDomain: true 13
      - name: tls
        port: 9093
        type: internal
        tls: true
        authentication: 14
          type: tls
      - name: external 15
        port: 9094
        type: route
        tls: true
        configuration:
          brokerCertChainAndKey: 16
            secretName: my-secret
            certificate: my-certificate.crt
            key: my-key.key
    authorization: 17
      type: simple
    config: 18
      auto.create.topics.enable: "false"
      offsets.topic.replication.factor: 3
      transaction.state.log.replication.factor: 3
      transaction.state.log.min.isr: 2
      log.message.format.version: 2.7
      inter.broker.protocol.version: 2.7
      ssl.cipher.suites: "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384" 19
      ssl.enabled.protocols: "TLSv1.2"
      ssl.protocol: "TLSv1.2"
    storage: 20
      type: persistent-claim 21
      size: 10000Gi 22
    rack: 23
      topologyKey: topology.kubernetes.io/zone
    metricsConfig: 24
      type: jmxPrometheusExporter
      valueFrom:
        configMapKeyRef: 25
          name: my-config-map
          key: my-key
    # ...
  zookeeper: 26
    replicas: 3 27
    logging: 28
      type: inline
      loggers:
        zookeeper.root.logger: "INFO"
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: 8Gi
        cpu: "2"
      limits:
        memory: 8Gi
        cpu: "2"
    jvmOptions:
      -Xms: 4096m
      -Xmx: 4096m
    storage:
      type: persistent-claim
      size: 1000Gi
    metricsConfig:
      # ...
  entityOperator: 29
    tlsSidecar: 30
      resources:
        requests:
          cpu: 200m
          memory: 64Mi
        limits:
          cpu: 500m
          memory: 128Mi
    topicOperator:
      watchedNamespace: my-topic-namespace
      reconciliationIntervalSeconds: 60
      logging: 31
        type: inline
        loggers:
          rootLogger.level: "INFO"
      resources:
        requests:
          memory: 512Mi
          cpu: "1"
        limits:
          memory: 512Mi
          cpu: "1"
    userOperator:
      watchedNamespace: my-topic-namespace
      reconciliationIntervalSeconds: 60
      logging: 32
        type: inline
        loggers:
          rootLogger.level: INFO
      resources:
        requests:
          memory: 512Mi
          cpu: "1"
        limits:
          memory: 512Mi
          cpu: "1"
  kafkaExporter: 33
    # ...
  cruiseControl: 34
    # ...
    tlsSidecar: 35
    # ...
```
1
The number of replica nodes. If your cluster already has topics defined, you can scale clusters.
2
Kafka version, which can be changed to a supported version by following the upgrade procedure.
3
Specified Kafka loggers and log levels added directly (inline) or indirectly (external) through a ConfigMap. A custom ConfigMap must be placed under the log4j.properties key. For the Kafka kafka.root.logger.level logger, you can set the log level to INFO, ERROR, WARN, TRACE, DEBUG, FATAL or OFF.
4
Requests for reservation of supported resources, currently cpu and memory, and limits to specify the maximum resources that can be consumed.
5
Healthchecks to know when to restart a container (liveness) and when a container can accept traffic (readiness).
6
JVM configuration options to optimize performance for the Virtual Machine (VM) running Kafka.
7
ADVANCED OPTION: Container image configuration, which is recommended only in special situations.
8
Listeners configure how clients connect to the Kafka cluster via bootstrap addresses. Listeners are configured as internal or external listeners for connection from inside or outside the OpenShift cluster.
9
Name to identify the listener. Must be unique within the Kafka cluster.
10
Port number used by the listener inside Kafka. The port number has to be unique within a given Kafka cluster. Allowed port numbers are 9092 and higher with the exception of ports 9404 and 9999, which are already used for Prometheus and JMX. Depending on the listener type, the port number might not be the same as the port number that connects Kafka clients.
11
Listener type specified as internal, or for external listeners, as route, loadbalancer, nodeport or ingress.
12
Enables TLS encryption for each listener. Default is false. TLS encryption is not required for route listeners.
13
Defines whether the fully-qualified DNS names including the cluster service suffix (usually .cluster.local) are assigned.
14
Listener authentication mechanism specified as mutual TLS, SCRAM-SHA-512 or token-based OAuth 2.0.
15
External listener configuration specifies how the Kafka cluster is exposed outside OpenShift, such as through a route, loadbalancer or nodeport.
16
Optional configuration for a Kafka listener certificate managed by an external Certificate Authority. The brokerCertChainAndKey specifies a Secret that contains a server certificate and a private key. You can configure Kafka listener certificates on any listener with enabled TLS encryption.
17
Authorization enables simple, OAUTH 2.0, or OPA authorization on the Kafka broker. Simple authorization uses the AclAuthorizer Kafka plugin.
18
The config specifies the broker configuration. Standard Apache Kafka configuration may be provided, restricted to those properties not managed directly by AMQ Streams.
19
SSL properties for listeners with TLS encryption enabled to enable a specific cipher suite or TLS version.
20
Storage is configured as ephemeral, persistent-claim or jbod.
21
Storage size for persistent volumes may be increased and additional volumes may be added to JBOD storage.
22
Persistent storage has additional configuration options, such as a storage id and class for dynamic volume provisioning.
23
Rack awareness is configured to spread replicas across different racks. A topologykey must match the label of a cluster node.
24
Prometheus metrics enabled. In this example, metrics are configured for the Prometheus JMX Exporter (the default metrics exporter).
25
Prometheus rules for exporting metrics to a Grafana dashboard through the Prometheus JMX Exporter, which are enabled by referencing a ConfigMap containing configuration for the Prometheus JMX exporter. You can enable metrics without further configuration using a reference to a ConfigMap containing an empty file under metricsConfig.valueFrom.configMapKeyRef.key.
26
ZooKeeper-specific configuration, which contains properties similar to the Kafka configuration.
27
The number of ZooKeeper nodes. ZooKeeper clusters or ensembles usually run with an odd number of nodes, typically three, five, or seven. The majority of nodes must be available in order to maintain an effective quorum. If the ZooKeeper cluster loses its quorum, it will stop responding to clients and the Kafka brokers will stop working. Having a stable and highly available ZooKeeper cluster is crucial for AMQ Streams.
28
Specified ZooKeeper loggers and log levels.
29
Entity Operator configuration, which specifies the configuration for the Topic Operator and User Operator.
30
Entity Operator TLS sidecar configuration. Entity Operator uses the TLS sidecar for secure communication with ZooKeeper.
31
Specified Topic Operator loggers and log levels. This example uses inline logging.
32
Specified User Operator loggers and log levels.
33
Kafka Exporter configuration. Kafka Exporter is an optional component for extracting metrics data from Kafka brokers, in particular consumer lag data.
34
Optional configuration for Cruise Control, which is used to rebalance the Kafka cluster.
35
Cruise Control TLS sidecar configuration. Cruise Control uses the TLS sidecar for secure communication with ZooKeeper.
Create or update the resource:
```
oc apply -f KAFKA-CONFIG-FILE
```

2.1.2. Configuring the Entity Operator

The Entity Operator is responsible for managing Kafka-related entities in a running Kafka cluster.

The Entity Operator comprises the:

Topic Operator to manage Kafka topics
User Operator to manage Kafka users

Through Kafka resource configuration, the Cluster Operator can deploy the Entity Operator, including one or both operators, when deploying a Kafka cluster.

Note

When deployed, the Entity Operator contains the operators according to the deployment configuration.

The operators are automatically configured to manage the topics and users of the Kafka cluster.

2.1.2.1. Entity Operator configuration properties

Use the entityOperator property in Kafka.spec to configure the Entity Operator.

The entityOperator property supports several sub-properties:

tlsSidecar
topicOperator
userOperator
template

The tlsSidecar property contains the configuration of the TLS sidecar container, which is used to communicate with ZooKeeper.

The template property contains the configuration of the Entity Operator pod, such as labels, annotations, affinity, and tolerations. For more information on configuring templates, see Section 2.6, “Customizing OpenShift resources”.

The topicOperator property contains the configuration of the Topic Operator. When this option is missing, the Entity Operator is deployed without the Topic Operator.

The userOperator property contains the configuration of the User Operator. When this option is missing, the Entity Operator is deployed without the User Operator.

For more information on the properties used to configure the Entity Operator, see the EntityUserOperatorSpec schema reference.

Example of basic configuration enabling both operators

apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: Kafka
metadata:
  name: my-cluster
spec:
  kafka:
    # ...
  zookeeper:
    # ...
  entityOperator:
    topicOperator: {}
    userOperator: {}

If an empty object ({}) is used for the topicOperator and userOperator, all properties use their default values.

When both topicOperator and userOperator properties are missing, the Entity Operator is not deployed.

2.1.2.2. Topic Operator configuration properties

Topic Operator deployment can be configured using additional options inside the topicOperator object. The following properties are supported:

watchedNamespace: The OpenShift namespace in which the topic operator watches for KafkaTopics. Default is the namespace where the Kafka cluster is deployed.
reconciliationIntervalSeconds: The interval between periodic reconciliations in seconds. Default 90.
zookeeperSessionTimeoutSeconds: The ZooKeeper session timeout in seconds. Default 20.
topicMetadataMaxAttempts: The number of attempts at getting topic metadata from Kafka. The time between each attempt is defined as an exponential back-off. Consider increasing this value when topic creation might take more time due to the number of partitions or replicas. Default 6.
image: The image property can be used to configure the container image which will be used. For more details about configuring custom container images, see Section 13.1.6, “image”.
resources: The resources property configures the amount of resources allocated to the Topic Operator. For more details about resource request and limit configuration, see Section 13.1.5, “resources”.
logging: The logging property configures the logging of the Topic Operator. For more details, see Section 13.2.67.1, “logging”.

Example Topic Operator configuration

apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: Kafka
metadata:
  name: my-cluster
spec:
  kafka:
    # ...
  zookeeper:
    # ...
  entityOperator:
    # ...
    topicOperator:
      watchedNamespace: my-topic-namespace
      reconciliationIntervalSeconds: 60
    # ...

2.1.2.3. User Operator configuration properties

User Operator deployment can be configured using additional options inside the userOperator object. The following properties are supported:

watchedNamespace: The OpenShift namespace in which the user operator watches for KafkaUsers. Default is the namespace where the Kafka cluster is deployed.
reconciliationIntervalSeconds: The interval between periodic reconciliations in seconds. Default 120.
zookeeperSessionTimeoutSeconds: The ZooKeeper session timeout in seconds. Default 6.
image: The image property can be used to configure the container image which will be used. For more details about configuring custom container images, see Section 13.1.6, “image”.
resources: The resources property configures the amount of resources allocated to the User Operator. For more details about resource request and limit configuration, see Section 13.1.5, “resources”.
logging: The logging property configures the logging of the User Operator. For more details, see Section 13.2.67.1, “logging”.
secretPrefix: The secretPrefix property adds a prefix to the name of all Secrets created from the KafkaUser resource. For example, STRIMZI_SECRET_PREFIX=kafka- would prefix all Secret names with kafka-. So a KafkaUser named my-user would create a Secret named kafka-my-user.

Example User Operator configuration

apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: Kafka
metadata:
  name: my-cluster
spec:
  kafka:
    # ...
  zookeeper:
    # ...
  entityOperator:
    # ...
    userOperator:
      watchedNamespace: my-user-namespace
      reconciliationIntervalSeconds: 60
    # ...

2.1.3. Kafka and ZooKeeper storage types

As stateful applications, Kafka and ZooKeeper need to store data on disk. AMQ Streams supports three storage types for this data:

Ephemeral
Persistent
JBOD storage

Note

JBOD storage is supported only for Kafka, not for ZooKeeper.

When configuring a Kafka resource, you can specify the type of storage used by the Kafka broker and its corresponding ZooKeeper node. You configure the storage type using the storage property in the following resources:

Kafka.spec.kafka
Kafka.spec.zookeeper

The storage type is configured in the type field.

Warning

The storage type cannot be changed after a Kafka cluster is deployed.

Additional resources

For more information about ephemeral storage, see ephemeral storage schema reference.
For more information about persistent storage, see persistent storage schema reference.
For more information about JBOD storage, see JBOD schema reference.
For more information about the schema for Kafka, see Kafka schema reference.

2.1.3.1. Data storage considerations

An efficient data storage infrastructure is essential to the optimal performance of AMQ Streams.

Block storage is required. File storage, such as NFS, does not work with Kafka.

For your block storage, you can choose, for example:

Cloud-based block storage solutions, such as Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS)
Local persistent volumes
Storage Area Network (SAN) volumes accessed by a protocol such as Fibre Channel or iSCSI

Note

AMQ Streams does not require OpenShift raw block volumes.

2.1.3.1.1. File systems

It is recommended that you configure your storage system to use the XFS file system. AMQ Streams is also compatible with the ext4 file system, but this might require additional configuration for best results.

2.1.3.1.2. Apache Kafka and ZooKeeper storage

Use separate disks for Apache Kafka and ZooKeeper.

Three types of data storage are supported:

Ephemeral (Recommended for development only)
Persistent
JBOD (Just a Bunch of Disks, suitable for Kafka only)

For more information, see Kafka and ZooKeeper storage.

Solid-state drives (SSDs), though not essential, can improve the performance of Kafka in large clusters where data is sent to and received from multiple topics asynchronously. SSDs are particularly effective with ZooKeeper, which requires fast, low latency data access.

Note

You do not need to provision replicated storage because Kafka and ZooKeeper both have built-in data replication.

2.1.3.2. Ephemeral storage

Ephemeral storage uses emptyDir volumes to store data. To use ephemeral storage, set the type field to ephemeral.

Important

emptyDir volumes are not persistent and the data stored in them is lost when the pod is restarted. After the new pod is started, it must recover all data from the other nodes of the cluster. Ephemeral storage is not suitable for use with single-node ZooKeeper clusters or for Kafka topics with a replication factor of 1. This configuration will cause data loss.

An example of Ephemeral storage

apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: Kafka
metadata:
  name: my-cluster
spec:
  kafka:
    # ...
    storage:
      type: ephemeral
    # ...
  zookeeper:
    # ...
    storage:
      type: ephemeral
    # ...

2.1.3.2.1. Log directories

The ephemeral volume is used by the Kafka brokers as log directories mounted into the following path:

/var/lib/kafka/data/kafka-logIDX

Where IDX is the Kafka broker pod index. For example /var/lib/kafka/data/kafka-log0.

2.1.3.3. Persistent storage

Persistent storage uses Persistent Volume Claims to provision persistent volumes for storing data. Persistent Volume Claims can be used to provision volumes of many different types, depending on the Storage Class which will provision the volume. The data types which can be used with persistent volume claims include many types of SAN storage as well as Local persistent volumes.

To use persistent storage, the type has to be set to persistent-claim. Persistent storage supports additional configuration options:

id (optional): Storage identification number. This option is mandatory for storage volumes defined in a JBOD storage declaration. Default is 0.
size (required): Defines the size of the persistent volume claim, for example, "1000Gi".
class (optional): The OpenShift Storage Class to use for dynamic volume provisioning.
selector (optional): Allows selecting a specific persistent volume to use. It contains key:value pairs representing labels for selecting such a volume.
deleteClaim (optional): Boolean value which specifies if the Persistent Volume Claim has to be deleted when the cluster is undeployed. Default is false.

Warning

Increasing the size of persistent volumes in an existing AMQ Streams cluster is only supported in OpenShift versions that support persistent volume resizing. The persistent volume to be resized must use a storage class that supports volume expansion. For other versions of OpenShift and storage classes which do not support volume expansion, you must decide the necessary storage size before deploying the cluster. Decreasing the size of existing persistent volumes is not possible.

Example fragment of persistent storage configuration with 1000Gi size

# ...
storage:
  type: persistent-claim
  size: 1000Gi
# ...

The following example demonstrates the use of a storage class.

Example fragment of persistent storage configuration with specific Storage Class

# ...
storage:
  type: persistent-claim
  size: 1Gi
  class: my-storage-class
# ...

Finally, a selector can be used to select a specific labeled persistent volume to provide needed features such as an SSD.

Example fragment of persistent storage configuration with selector

# ...
storage:
  type: persistent-claim
  size: 1Gi
  selector:
    hdd-type: ssd
  deleteClaim: true
# ...

2.1.3.3.1. Storage class overrides

You can specify a different storage class for one or more Kafka brokers or ZooKeeper nodes, instead of using the default storage class. This is useful if, for example, storage classes are restricted to different availability zones or data centers. You can use the overrides field for this purpose.

In this example, the default storage class is named my-storage-class:

Example AMQ Streams cluster using storage class overrides

apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: Kafka
metadata:
  labels:
    app: my-cluster
  name: my-cluster
  namespace: myproject
spec:
  # ...
  kafka:
    replicas: 3
    storage:
      deleteClaim: true
      size: 100Gi
      type: persistent-claim
      class: my-storage-class
      overrides:
        - broker: 0
          class: my-storage-class-zone-1a
        - broker: 1
          class: my-storage-class-zone-1b
        - broker: 2
          class: my-storage-class-zone-1c
  # ...
  zookeeper:
    replicas: 3
    storage:
      deleteClaim: true
      size: 100Gi
      type: persistent-claim
      class: my-storage-class
      overrides:
        - broker: 0
          class: my-storage-class-zone-1a
        - broker: 1
          class: my-storage-class-zone-1b
        - broker: 2
          class: my-storage-class-zone-1c
  # ...

As a result of the configured overrides property, the volumes use the following storage classes:

The persistent volumes of ZooKeeper node 0 will use my-storage-class-zone-1a.
The persistent volumes of ZooKeeper node 1 will use my-storage-class-zone-1b.
The persistent volumes of ZooKeeepr node 2 will use my-storage-class-zone-1c.
The persistent volumes of Kafka broker 0 will use my-storage-class-zone-1a.
The persistent volumes of Kafka broker 1 will use my-storage-class-zone-1b.
The persistent volumes of Kafka broker 2 will use my-storage-class-zone-1c.

The overrides property is currently used only to override storage class configurations. Overriding other storage configuration fields is not currently supported. Other fields from the storage configuration are currently not supported.

2.1.3.3.2. Persistent Volume Claim naming

When persistent storage is used, it creates Persistent Volume Claims with the following names:

data-cluster-name-kafka-idx: Persistent Volume Claim for the volume used for storing data for the Kafka broker pod idx.
data-cluster-name-zookeeper-idx: Persistent Volume Claim for the volume used for storing data for the ZooKeeper node pod idx.

2.1.3.3.3. Log directories

The persistent volume is used by the Kafka brokers as log directories mounted into the following path:

/var/lib/kafka/data/kafka-logIDX

Where IDX is the Kafka broker pod index. For example /var/lib/kafka/data/kafka-log0.

2.1.3.4. Resizing persistent volumes

You can provision increased storage capacity by increasing the size of the persistent volumes used by an existing AMQ Streams cluster. Resizing persistent volumes is supported in clusters that use either a single persistent volume or multiple persistent volumes in a JBOD storage configuration.

Note

You can increase but not decrease the size of persistent volumes. Decreasing the size of persistent volumes is not currently supported in OpenShift.

Prerequisites

An OpenShift cluster with support for volume resizing.
The Cluster Operator is running.
A Kafka cluster using persistent volumes created using a storage class that supports volume expansion.

Procedure

In a Kafka resource, increase the size of the persistent volume allocated to the Kafka cluster, the ZooKeeper cluster, or both.
- To increase the volume size allocated to the Kafka cluster, edit the spec.kafka.storage property.
- To increase the volume size allocated to the ZooKeeper cluster, edit the spec.zookeeper.storage property.
  For example, to increase the volume size from 1000Gi to 2000Gi:
```
apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: Kafka
metadata:
  name: my-cluster
spec:
  kafka:
    # ...
    storage:
      type: persistent-claim
      size: 2000Gi
      class: my-storage-class
    # ...
  zookeeper:
    # ...
```
Create or update the resource:
```
oc apply -f KAFKA-CONFIG-FILE
```
OpenShift increases the capacity of the selected persistent volumes in response to a request from the Cluster Operator. When the resizing is complete, the Cluster Operator restarts all pods that use the resized persistent volumes. This happens automatically.

Additional resources

For more information about resizing persistent volumes in OpenShift, see Resizing Persistent Volumes using Kubernetes.

2.1.3.5. JBOD storage overview

You can configure AMQ Streams to use JBOD, a data storage configuration of multiple disks or volumes. JBOD is one approach to providing increased data storage for Kafka brokers. It can also improve performance.

A JBOD configuration is described by one or more volumes, each of which can be either ephemeral or persistent. The rules and constraints for JBOD volume declarations are the same as those for ephemeral and persistent storage. For example, you cannot decrease the size of a persistent storage volume after it has been provisioned, or you cannot change the value of sizeLimit when type=ephemeral.

2.1.3.5.1. JBOD configuration

To use JBOD with AMQ Streams, the storage type must be set to jbod. The volumes property allows you to describe the disks that make up your JBOD storage array or configuration. The following fragment shows an example JBOD configuration:

# ...
storage:
  type: jbod
  volumes:
  - id: 0
    type: persistent-claim
    size: 100Gi
    deleteClaim: false
  - id: 1
    type: persistent-claim
    size: 100Gi
    deleteClaim: false
# ...

The ids cannot be changed once the JBOD volumes are created.

Users can add or remove volumes from the JBOD configuration.

2.1.3.5.2. JBOD and Persistent Volume Claims

When persistent storage is used to declare JBOD volumes, the naming scheme of the resulting Persistent Volume Claims is as follows:

data-id-cluster-name-kafka-idx: Where id is the ID of the volume used for storing data for Kafka broker pod idx.

2.1.3.5.3. Log directories

The JBOD volumes will be used by the Kafka brokers as log directories mounted into the following path:

/var/lib/kafka/data-id/kafka-log_idx_: Where id is the ID of the volume used for storing data for Kafka broker pod idx. For example /var/lib/kafka/data-0/kafka-log0.

2.1.3.6. Adding volumes to JBOD storage

This procedure describes how to add volumes to a Kafka cluster configured to use JBOD storage. It cannot be applied to Kafka clusters configured to use any other storage type.

Note

When adding a new volume under an id which was already used in the past and removed, you have to make sure that the previously used PersistentVolumeClaims have been deleted.

Prerequisites

An OpenShift cluster
A running Cluster Operator
A Kafka cluster with JBOD storage

Procedure

Edit the spec.kafka.storage.volumes property in the Kafka resource. Add the new volumes to the volumes array. For example, add the new volume with id 2:

apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: Kafka
metadata:
  name: my-cluster
spec:
  kafka:
    # ...
    storage:
      type: jbod
      volumes:
      - id: 0
        type: persistent-claim
        size: 100Gi
        deleteClaim: false
      - id: 1
        type: persistent-claim
        size: 100Gi
        deleteClaim: false
      - id: 2
        type: persistent-claim
        size: 100Gi
        deleteClaim: false
    # ...
  zookeeper:
    # ...

Create or update the resource:
```
oc apply -f KAFKA-CONFIG-FILE
```
Create new topics or reassign existing partitions to the new disks.

Additional resources

For more information about reassigning topics, see Section 2.1.4.2, “Partition reassignment”.

2.1.3.7. Removing volumes from JBOD storage

This procedure describes how to remove volumes from Kafka cluster configured to use JBOD storage. It cannot be applied to Kafka clusters configured to use any other storage type. The JBOD storage always has to contain at least one volume.

Important

To avoid data loss, you have to move all partitions before removing the volumes.

Prerequisites

An OpenShift cluster
A running Cluster Operator
A Kafka cluster with JBOD storage with two or more volumes

Procedure

Reassign all partitions from the disks which are you going to remove. Any data in partitions still assigned to the disks which are going to be removed might be lost.

Edit the spec.kafka.storage.volumes property in the Kafka resource. Remove one or more volumes from the volumes array. For example, remove the volumes with ids 1 and 2:

apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: Kafka
metadata:
  name: my-cluster
spec:
  kafka:
    # ...
    storage:
      type: jbod
      volumes:
      - id: 0
        type: persistent-claim
        size: 100Gi
        deleteClaim: false
    # ...
  zookeeper:
    # ...

Create or update the resource:
```
oc apply -f KAFKA-CONFIG-FILE
```

Additional resources

For more information about reassigning topics, see Section 2.1.4.2, “Partition reassignment”.

2.1.4. Scaling clusters

2.1.4.1. Scaling Kafka clusters

2.1.4.1.1. Adding brokers to a cluster

The primary way of increasing throughput for a topic is to increase the number of partitions for that topic. That works because the extra partitions allow the load of the topic to be shared between the different brokers in the cluster. However, in situations where every broker is constrained by a particular resource (typically I/O) using more partitions will not result in increased throughput. Instead, you need to add brokers to the cluster.

When you add an extra broker to the cluster, Kafka does not assign any partitions to it automatically. You must decide which partitions to move from the existing brokers to the new broker.

Once the partitions have been redistributed between all the brokers, the resource utilization of each broker should be reduced.

2.1.4.1.2. Removing brokers from a cluster

Because AMQ Streams uses StatefulSets to manage broker pods, you cannot remove any pod from the cluster. You can only remove one or more of the highest numbered pods from the cluster. For example, in a cluster of 12 brokers the pods are named cluster-name-kafka-0 up to cluster-name-kafka-11. If you decide to scale down by one broker, the cluster-name-kafka-11 will be removed.

Before you remove a broker from a cluster, ensure that it is not assigned to any partitions. You should also decide which of the remaining brokers will be responsible for each of the partitions on the broker being decommissioned. Once the broker has no assigned partitions, you can scale the cluster down safely.

2.1.4.2. Partition reassignment

The Topic Operator does not currently support reassigning replicas to different brokers, so it is necessary to connect directly to broker pods to reassign replicas to brokers.

Within a broker pod, the kafka-reassign-partitions.sh utility allows you to reassign partitions to different brokers.

It has three different modes:

--generate: Takes a set of topics and brokers and generates a reassignment JSON file which will result in the partitions of those topics being assigned to those brokers. Because this operates on whole topics, it cannot be used when you only want to reassign some partitions of some topics.
--execute: Takes a reassignment JSON file and applies it to the partitions and brokers in the cluster. Brokers that gain partitions as a result become followers of the partition leader. For a given partition, once the new broker has caught up and joined the ISR (in-sync replicas) the old broker will stop being a follower and will delete its replica.
--verify: Using the same reassignment JSON file as the --execute step, --verify checks whether all the partitions in the file have been moved to their intended brokers. If the reassignment is complete, --verify also removes any throttles that are in effect. Unless removed, throttles will continue to affect the cluster even after the reassignment has finished.

It is only possible to have one reassignment running in a cluster at any given time, and it is not possible to cancel a running reassignment. If you need to cancel a reassignment, wait for it to complete and then perform another reassignment to revert the effects of the first reassignment. The kafka-reassign-partitions.sh will print the reassignment JSON for this reversion as part of its output. Very large reassignments should be broken down into a number of smaller reassignments in case there is a need to stop in-progress reassignment.

2.1.4.2.1. Reassignment JSON file

The reassignment JSON file has a specific structure:

{
  "version": 1,
  "partitions": [
    <PartitionObjects>
  ]
}

Where <PartitionObjects> is a comma-separated list of objects like:

{
  "topic": <TopicName>,
  "partition": <Partition>,
  "replicas": [ <AssignedBrokerIds> ]
}

Note

Although Kafka also supports a "log_dirs" property this should not be used in AMQ Streams.

The following is an example reassignment JSON file that assigns partition 4 of topic topic-a to brokers 2, 4 and 7, and partition 2 of topic topic-b to brokers 1, 5 and 7:

{
  "version": 1,
  "partitions": [
    {
      "topic": "topic-a",
      "partition": 4,
      "replicas": [2,4,7]
    },
    {
      "topic": "topic-b",
      "partition": 2,
      "replicas": [1,5,7]
    }
  ]
}

Partitions not included in the JSON are not changed.

2.1.4.2.2. Reassigning partitions between JBOD volumes

When using JBOD storage in your Kafka cluster, you can choose to reassign the partitions between specific volumes and their log directories (each volume has a single log directory). To reassign a partition to a specific volume, add the log_dirs option to <PartitionObjects> in the reassignment JSON file.

{
  "topic": <TopicName>,
  "partition": <Partition>,
  "replicas": [ <AssignedBrokerIds> ],
  "log_dirs": [ <AssignedLogDirs> ]
}

The log_dirs object should contain the same number of log directories as the number of replicas specified in the replicas object. The value should be either an absolute path to the log directory, or the any keyword.

For example:

{
      "topic": "topic-a",
      "partition": 4,
      "replicas": [2,4,7].
      "log_dirs": [ "/var/lib/kafka/data-0/kafka-log2", "/var/lib/kafka/data-0/kafka-log4", "/var/lib/kafka/data-0/kafka-log7" ]
}

2.1.4.3. Generating reassignment JSON files

This procedure describes how to generate a reassignment JSON file that reassigns all the partitions for a given set of topics using the kafka-reassign-partitions.sh tool.

Prerequisites

A running Cluster Operator
A Kafka resource
A set of topics to reassign the partitions of

Procedure

Prepare a JSON file named topics.json that lists the topics to move. It must have the following structure:
```
{
  "version": 1,
  "topics": [
    <TopicObjects>
  ]
}
```
where <TopicObjects> is a comma-separated list of objects like:
```
{
  "topic": <TopicName>
}
```
For example if you want to reassign all the partitions of topic-a and topic-b, you would need to prepare a topics.json file like this:
```
{
  "version": 1,
  "topics": [
    { "topic": "topic-a"},
    { "topic": "topic-b"}
  ]
}
```

Copy the topics.json file to one of the broker pods:

cat topics.json | oc exec -c kafka <BrokerPod> -i -- \
  /bin/bash -c \
  'cat > /tmp/topics.json'

Use the kafka-reassign-partitions.sh command to generate the reassignment JSON.

oc exec <BrokerPod> -c kafka -it -- \
  bin/kafka-reassign-partitions.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 \
  --topics-to-move-json-file /tmp/topics.json \
  --broker-list <BrokerList> \
  --generate

For example, to move all the partitions of topic-a and topic-b to brokers 4 and 7

oc exec <BrokerPod> -c kafka -it -- \
  bin/kafka-reassign-partitions.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 \
  --topics-to-move-json-file /tmp/topics.json \
  --broker-list 4,7 \
  --generate

2.1.4.4. Creating reassignment JSON files manually

You can manually create the reassignment JSON file if you want to move specific partitions.

2.1.4.5. Reassignment throttles

Partition reassignment can be a slow process because it involves transferring large amounts of data between brokers. To avoid a detrimental impact on clients, you can throttle the reassignment process. This might cause the reassignment to take longer to complete.

If the throttle is too low then the newly assigned brokers will not be able to keep up with records being published and the reassignment will never complete.
If the throttle is too high then clients will be impacted.

For example, for producers, this could manifest as higher than normal latency waiting for acknowledgement. For consumers, this could manifest as a drop in throughput caused by higher latency between polls.

2.1.4.6. Scaling up a Kafka cluster

This procedure describes how to increase the number of brokers in a Kafka cluster.

Prerequisites

An existing Kafka cluster.
A reassignment JSON file named reassignment.json that describes how partitions should be reassigned to brokers in the enlarged cluster.

Procedure

Add as many new brokers as you need by increasing the Kafka.spec.kafka.replicas configuration option.
Verify that the new broker pods have started.

Copy the reassignment.json file to the broker pod on which you will later execute the commands:

cat reassignment.json | \
  oc exec broker-pod -c kafka -i -- /bin/bash -c \
  'cat > /tmp/reassignment.json'

For example:

cat reassignment.json | \
  oc exec my-cluster-kafka-0 -c kafka -i -- /bin/bash -c \
  'cat > /tmp/reassignment.json'

Execute the partition reassignment using the kafka-reassign-partitions.sh command line tool from the same broker pod.
```
oc exec broker-pod -c kafka -it -- \
  bin/kafka-reassign-partitions.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 \
  --reassignment-json-file /tmp/reassignment.json \
  --execute
```
If you are going to throttle replication you can also pass the --throttle option with an inter-broker throttled rate in bytes per second. For example:
```
oc exec my-cluster-kafka-0 -c kafka -it -- \
  bin/kafka-reassign-partitions.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 \
  --reassignment-json-file /tmp/reassignment.json \
  --throttle 5000000 \
  --execute
```
This command will print out two reassignment JSON objects. The first records the current assignment for the partitions being moved. You should save this to a local file (not a file in the pod) in case you need to revert the reassignment later on. The second JSON object is the target reassignment you have passed in your reassignment JSON file.

If you need to change the throttle during reassignment you can use the same command line with a different throttled rate. For example:

oc exec my-cluster-kafka-0 -c kafka -it -- \
  bin/kafka-reassign-partitions.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 \
  --reassignment-json-file /tmp/reassignment.json \
  --throttle 10000000 \
  --execute

Periodically verify whether the reassignment has completed using the kafka-reassign-partitions.sh command line tool from any of the broker pods. This is the same command as the previous step but with the --verify option instead of the --execute option.

oc exec broker-pod -c kafka -it -- \
  bin/kafka-reassign-partitions.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 \
  --reassignment-json-file /tmp/reassignment.json \
  --verify

For example,

oc exec my-cluster-kafka-0 -c kafka -it -- \
  bin/kafka-reassign-partitions.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 \
  --reassignment-json-file /tmp/reassignment.json \
  --verify

The reassignment has finished when the --verify command reports each of the partitions being moved as completed successfully. This final --verify will also have the effect of removing any reassignment throttles. You can now delete the revert file if you saved the JSON for reverting the assignment to their original brokers.

2.1.4.7. Scaling down a Kafka cluster

This procedure describes how to decrease the number of brokers in a Kafka cluster.

Prerequisites

An existing Kafka cluster.
A reassignment JSON file named reassignment.json describing how partitions should be reassigned to brokers in the cluster once the broker(s) in the highest numbered Pod(s) have been removed.

Procedure

Copy the reassignment.json file to the broker pod on which you will later execute the commands:

cat reassignment.json | \
  oc exec broker-pod -c kafka -i -- /bin/bash -c \
  'cat > /tmp/reassignment.json'

For example:

cat reassignment.json | \
  oc exec my-cluster-kafka-0 -c kafka -i -- /bin/bash -c \
  'cat > /tmp/reassignment.json'

Execute the partition reassignment using the kafka-reassign-partitions.sh command line tool from the same broker pod.
```
oc exec broker-pod -c kafka -it -- \
  bin/kafka-reassign-partitions.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 \
  --reassignment-json-file /tmp/reassignment.json \
  --execute
```
If you are going to throttle replication you can also pass the --throttle option with an inter-broker throttled rate in bytes per second. For example:
```
oc exec my-cluster-kafka-0 -c kafka -it -- \
  bin/kafka-reassign-partitions.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 \
  --reassignment-json-file /tmp/reassignment.json \
  --throttle 5000000 \
  --execute
```
This command will print out two reassignment JSON objects. The first records the current assignment for the partitions being moved. You should save this to a local file (not a file in the pod) in case you need to revert the reassignment later on. The second JSON object is the target reassignment you have passed in your reassignment JSON file.

If you need to change the throttle during reassignment you can use the same command line with a different throttled rate. For example:

oc exec my-cluster-kafka-0 -c kafka -it -- \
  bin/kafka-reassign-partitions.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 \
  --reassignment-json-file /tmp/reassignment.json \
  --throttle 10000000 \
  --execute

oc exec broker-pod -c kafka -it -- \
  bin/kafka-reassign-partitions.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 \
  --reassignment-json-file /tmp/reassignment.json \
  --verify

For example,

oc exec my-cluster-kafka-0 -c kafka -it -- \
  bin/kafka-reassign-partitions.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 \
  --reassignment-json-file /tmp/reassignment.json \
  --verify

The reassignment has finished when the --verify command reports each of the partitions being moved as completed successfully. This final --verify will also have the effect of removing any reassignment throttles. You can now delete the revert file if you saved the JSON for reverting the assignment to their original brokers.
Once all the partition reassignments have finished, the broker(s) being removed should not have responsibility for any of the partitions in the cluster. You can verify this by checking that the broker’s data log directory does not contain any live partition logs. If the log directory on the broker contains a directory that does not match the extended regular expression \.[a-z0-9]-delete$ then the broker still has live partitions and it should not be stopped.
You can check this by executing the command:
```
oc exec my-cluster-kafka-0 -c kafka -it -- \
  /bin/bash -c \
  "ls -l /var/lib/kafka/kafka-log_<N>_ | grep -E '^d' | grep -vE '[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\.[a-z0-9]+-delete$'"
```
where N is the number of the Pod(s) being deleted.
If the above command prints any output then the broker still has live partitions. In this case, either the reassignment has not finished, or the reassignment JSON file was incorrect.
Once you have confirmed that the broker has no live partitions you can edit the Kafka.spec.kafka.replicas of your Kafka resource, which will scale down the StatefulSet, deleting the highest numbered broker Pod(s).

2.1.5. Maintenance time windows for rolling updates

Maintenance time windows allow you to schedule certain rolling updates of your Kafka and ZooKeeper clusters to start at a convenient time.

2.1.5.1. Maintenance time windows overview

In most cases, the Cluster Operator only updates your Kafka or ZooKeeper clusters in response to changes to the corresponding Kafka resource. This enables you to plan when to apply changes to a Kafka resource to minimize the impact on Kafka client applications.

However, some updates to your Kafka and ZooKeeper clusters can happen without any corresponding change to the Kafka resource. For example, the Cluster Operator will need to perform a rolling restart if a CA (Certificate Authority) certificate that it manages is close to expiry.

While a rolling restart of the pods should not affect availability of the service (assuming correct broker and topic configurations), it could affect performance of the Kafka client applications. Maintenance time windows allow you to schedule such spontaneous rolling updates of your Kafka and ZooKeeper clusters to start at a convenient time. If maintenance time windows are not configured for a cluster then it is possible that such spontaneous rolling updates will happen at an inconvenient time, such as during a predictable period of high load.

2.1.5.2. Maintenance time window definition

You configure maintenance time windows by entering an array of strings in the Kafka.spec.maintenanceTimeWindows property. Each string is a cron expression interpreted as being in UTC (Coordinated Universal Time, which for practical purposes is the same as Greenwich Mean Time).

The following example configures a single maintenance time window that starts at midnight and ends at 01:59am (UTC), on Sundays, Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays:

# ...
maintenanceTimeWindows:
  - "* * 0-1 ? * SUN,MON,TUE,WED,THU *"
# ...

In practice, maintenance windows should be set in conjunction with the Kafka.spec.clusterCa.renewalDays and Kafka.spec.clientsCa.renewalDays properties of the Kafka resource, to ensure that the necessary CA certificate renewal can be completed in the configured maintenance time windows.

Note

AMQ Streams does not schedule maintenance operations exactly according to the given windows. Instead, for each reconciliation, it checks whether a maintenance window is currently "open". This means that the start of maintenance operations within a given time window can be delayed by up to the Cluster Operator reconciliation interval. Maintenance time windows must therefore be at least this long.

Additional resources

For more information about the Cluster Operator configuration, see Section 5.1.1, “Cluster Operator configuration”.

2.1.5.3. Configuring a maintenance time window

You can configure a maintenance time window for rolling updates triggered by supported processes.

Prerequisites

An OpenShift cluster.
The Cluster Operator is running.

Procedure

Add or edit the maintenanceTimeWindows property in the Kafka resource. For example to allow maintenance between 0800 and 1059 and between 1400 and 1559 you would set the maintenanceTimeWindows as shown below:
```
apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: Kafka
metadata:
  name: my-cluster
spec:
  kafka:
    # ...
  zookeeper:
    # ...
  maintenanceTimeWindows:
    - "* * 8-10 * * ?"
    - "* * 14-15 * * ?"
```
Create or update the resource:
```
oc apply -f KAFKA-CONFIG-FILE
```

Additional resources

Performing rolling updates:

2.1.6. Connecting to ZooKeeper from a terminal

Most Kafka CLI tools can connect directly to Kafka, so under normal circumstances you should not need to connect to ZooKeeper. ZooKeeper services are secured with encryption and authentication and are not intended to be used by external applications that are not part of AMQ Streams.

However, if you want to use Kafka CLI tools that require a connection to ZooKeeper, you can use a terminal inside a ZooKeeper container and connect to localhost:12181 as the ZooKeeper address.

Prerequisites

An OpenShift cluster is available.
A Kafka cluster is running.
The Cluster Operator is running.

Procedure

Open the terminal using the OpenShift console or run the exec command from your CLI.
For example:
```
oc exec -ti my-cluster-zookeeper-0 -- bin/kafka-topics.sh --list --zookeeper localhost:12181
```
Be sure to use localhost:12181.
You can now run Kafka commands to ZooKeeper.

2.1.7. Deleting Kafka nodes manually

This procedure describes how to delete an existing Kafka node by using an OpenShift annotation. Deleting a Kafka node consists of deleting both the Pod on which the Kafka broker is running and the related PersistentVolumeClaim (if the cluster was deployed with persistent storage). After deletion, the Pod and its related PersistentVolumeClaim are recreated automatically.

Warning

Deleting a PersistentVolumeClaim can cause permanent data loss. The following procedure should only be performed if you have encountered storage issues.

Prerequisites

See the Deploying and Upgrading AMQ Streams on OpenShift guide for instructions on running a:

Procedure

Find the name of the Pod that you want to delete.
For example, if the cluster is named cluster-name, the pods are named cluster-name-kafka-index, where index starts at zero and ends at the total number of replicas.

Annotate the Pod resource in OpenShift.

Use oc annotate:

oc annotate pod cluster-name-kafka-index strimzi.io/delete-pod-and-pvc=true

Wait for the next reconciliation, when the annotated pod with the underlying persistent volume claim will be deleted and then recreated.

2.1.8. Deleting ZooKeeper nodes manually

This procedure describes how to delete an existing ZooKeeper node by using an OpenShift annotation. Deleting a ZooKeeper node consists of deleting both the Pod on which ZooKeeper is running and the related PersistentVolumeClaim (if the cluster was deployed with persistent storage). After deletion, the Pod and its related PersistentVolumeClaim are recreated automatically.

Warning

Deleting a PersistentVolumeClaim can cause permanent data loss. The following procedure should only be performed if you have encountered storage issues.

Prerequisites

See the Deploying and Upgrading AMQ Streams on OpenShift guide for instructions on running a:

Procedure

Find the name of the Pod that you want to delete.
For example, if the cluster is named cluster-name, the pods are named cluster-name-zookeeper-index, where index starts at zero and ends at the total number of replicas.

Annotate the Pod resource in OpenShift.

Use oc annotate:

oc annotate pod cluster-name-zookeeper-index strimzi.io/delete-pod-and-pvc=true

Wait for the next reconciliation, when the annotated pod with the underlying persistent volume claim will be deleted and then recreated.

2.1.9. List of Kafka cluster resources

The following resources are created by the Cluster Operator in the OpenShift cluster:

Shared resources

cluster-name-cluster-ca: Secret with the Cluster CA private key used to encrypt the cluster communication.
cluster-name-cluster-ca-cert: Secret with the Cluster CA public key. This key can be used to verify the identity of the Kafka brokers.
cluster-name-clients-ca: Secret with the Clients CA private key used to sign user certificates
cluster-name-clients-ca-cert: Secret with the Clients CA public key. This key can be used to verify the identity of the Kafka users.
cluster-name-cluster-operator-certs: Secret with Cluster operators keys for communication with Kafka and ZooKeeper.

Zookeeper nodes

cluster-name-zookeeper: StatefulSet which is in charge of managing the ZooKeeper node pods.
cluster-name-zookeeper-idx: Pods created by the Zookeeper StatefulSet.
cluster-name-zookeeper-nodes: Headless Service needed to have DNS resolve the ZooKeeper pods IP addresses directly.
cluster-name-zookeeper-client: Service used by Kafka brokers to connect to ZooKeeper nodes as clients.
cluster-name-zookeeper-config: ConfigMap that contains the ZooKeeper ancillary configuration, and is mounted as a volume by the ZooKeeper node pods.
cluster-name-zookeeper-nodes: Secret with ZooKeeper node keys.
cluster-name-zookeeper: Service account used by the Zookeeper nodes.
cluster-name-zookeeper: Pod Disruption Budget configured for the ZooKeeper nodes.
cluster-name-network-policy-zookeeper: Network policy managing access to the ZooKeeper services.
data-cluster-name-zookeeper-idx: Persistent Volume Claim for the volume used for storing data for the ZooKeeper node pod idx. This resource will be created only if persistent storage is selected for provisioning persistent volumes to store data.

Kafka brokers

cluster-name-kafka: StatefulSet which is in charge of managing the Kafka broker pods.
cluster-name-kafka-idx: Pods created by the Kafka StatefulSet.
cluster-name-kafka-brokers: Service needed to have DNS resolve the Kafka broker pods IP addresses directly.
cluster-name-kafka-bootstrap: Service can be used as bootstrap servers for Kafka clients connecting from within the OpenShift cluster.
cluster-name-kafka-external-bootstrap: Bootstrap service for clients connecting from outside the OpenShift cluster. This resource is created only when an external listener is enabled. The old service name will be used for backwards compatibility when the listener name is external and port is 9094.
cluster-name-kafka-pod-id: Service used to route traffic from outside the OpenShift cluster to individual pods. This resource is created only when an external listener is enabled. The old service name will be used for backwards compatibility when the listener name is external and port is 9094.
cluster-name-kafka-external-bootstrap: Bootstrap route for clients connecting from outside the OpenShift cluster. This resource is created only when an external listener is enabled and set to type route. The old route name will be used for backwards compatibility when the listener name is external and port is 9094.
cluster-name-kafka-pod-id: Route for traffic from outside the OpenShift cluster to individual pods. This resource is created only when an external listener is enabled and set to type route. The old route name will be used for backwards compatibility when the listener name is external and port is 9094.
cluster-name-kafka-listener-name-bootstrap: Bootstrap service for clients connecting from outside the OpenShift cluster. This resource is created only when an external listener is enabled. The new service name will be used for all other external listeners.
cluster-name-kafka-listener-name-pod-id: Service used to route traffic from outside the OpenShift cluster to individual pods. This resource is created only when an external listener is enabled. The new service name will be used for all other external listeners.
cluster-name-kafka-listener-name-bootstrap: Bootstrap route for clients connecting from outside the OpenShift cluster. This resource is created only when an external listener is enabled and set to type route. The new route name will be used for all other external listeners.
cluster-name-kafka-listener-name-pod-id: Route for traffic from outside the OpenShift cluster to individual pods. This resource is created only when an external listener is enabled and set to type route. The new route name will be used for all other external listeners.
cluster-name-kafka-config: ConfigMap which contains the Kafka ancillary configuration and is mounted as a volume by the Kafka broker pods.
cluster-name-kafka-brokers: Secret with Kafka broker keys.
cluster-name-kafka: Service account used by the Kafka brokers.
cluster-name-kafka: Pod Disruption Budget configured for the Kafka brokers.
cluster-name-network-policy-kafka: Network policy managing access to the Kafka services.
strimzi-namespace-name-cluster-name-kafka-init: Cluster role binding used by the Kafka brokers.
cluster-name-jmx: Secret with JMX username and password used to secure the Kafka broker port. This resource is created only when JMX is enabled in Kafka.
data-cluster-name-kafka-idx: Persistent Volume Claim for the volume used for storing data for the Kafka broker pod idx. This resource is created only if persistent storage is selected for provisioning persistent volumes to store data.
data-id-cluster-name-kafka-idx: Persistent Volume Claim for the volume id used for storing data for the Kafka broker pod idx. This resource is created only if persistent storage is selected for JBOD volumes when provisioning persistent volumes to store data.

Entity Operator

These resources are only created if the Entity Operator is deployed using the Cluster Operator.

cluster-name-entity-operator: Deployment with Topic and User Operators.
cluster-name-entity-operator-random-string: Pod created by the Entity Operator deployment.
cluster-name-entity-topic-operator-config: ConfigMap with ancillary configuration for Topic Operators.
cluster-name-entity-user-operator-config: ConfigMap with ancillary configuration for User Operators.
cluster-name-entity-operator-certs: Secret with Entity Operator keys for communication with Kafka and ZooKeeper.
cluster-name-entity-operator: Service account used by the Entity Operator.
strimzi-cluster-name-entity-topic-operator: Role binding used by the Entity Topic Operator.
strimzi-cluster-name-entity-user-operator: Role binding used by the Entity User Operator.

Kafka Exporter

These resources are only created if the Kafka Exporter is deployed using the Cluster Operator.

cluster-name-kafka-exporter: Deployment with Kafka Exporter.
cluster-name-kafka-exporter-random-string: Pod created by the Kafka Exporter deployment.
cluster-name-kafka-exporter: Service used to collect consumer lag metrics.
cluster-name-kafka-exporter: Service account used by the Kafka Exporter.

Cruise Control

These resources are only created if Cruise Control was deployed using the Cluster Operator.

cluster-name-cruise-control: Deployment with Cruise Control.
cluster-name-cruise-control-random-string: Pod created by the Cruise Control deployment.
cluster-name-cruise-control-config: ConfigMap that contains the Cruise Control ancillary configuration, and is mounted as a volume by the Cruise Control pods.
cluster-name-cruise-control-certs: Secret with Cruise Control keys for communication with Kafka and ZooKeeper.
cluster-name-cruise-control: Service used to communicate with Cruise Control.
cluster-name-cruise-control: Service account used by Cruise Control.
cluster-name-network-policy-cruise-control: Network policy managing access to the Cruise Control service.

2.2. Kafka Connect/S2I cluster configuration

This section describes how to configure a Kafka Connect or Kafka Connect with Source-to-Image (S2I) deployment in your AMQ Streams cluster.

Kafka Connect is an integration toolkit for streaming data between Kafka brokers and other systems using connector plugins. Kafka Connect provides a framework for integrating Kafka with an external data source or target, such as a database, for import or export of data using connectors. Connectors are plugins that provide the connection configuration needed.

If you are using Kafka Connect, you configure either the KafkaConnect or the KafkaConnectS2I resource. Use the KafkaConnectS2I resource if you are using the Source-to-Image (S2I) framework to deploy Kafka Connect.

The full schema of the KafkaConnect resource is described in Section 13.2.80, “KafkaConnect schema reference”.
The full schema of the KafkaConnectS2I resource is described in Section 13.2.104, “KafkaConnectS2I schema reference”.

Important

With the introduction of build configuration to the KafkaConnect resource, AMQ Streams can now automatically build a container image with the connector plugins you require for your data connections. As a result, support for Kafka Connect with Source-to-Image (S2I) is deprecated. To prepare for this change, you can migrate Kafka Connect S2I instances to Kafka Connect instances.

Additional resources

2.2.1. Configuring Kafka Connect

Use Kafka Connect to set up external data connections to your Kafka cluster.

Use the properties of the KafkaConnect or KafkaConnectS2I resource to configure your Kafka Connect deployment. The example shown in this procedure is for the KafkaConnect resource, but the properties are the same for the KafkaConnectS2I resource.

Kafka connector configuration

KafkaConnector resources allow you to create and manage connector instances for Kafka Connect in an OpenShift-native way.

In your Kafka Connect configuration, you enable KafkaConnectors for a Kafka Connect cluster by adding the strimzi.io/use-connector-resources annotation. You can also add a build configuration so that AMQ Streams automatically builds a container image with the connector plugins you require for your data connections. External configuration for Kafka Connect connectors is specified through the externalConfiguration property.

To manage connectors, you can use the Kafka Connect REST API, or use KafkaConnector custom resources. KafkaConnector resources must be deployed to the same namespace as the Kafka Connect cluster they link to. For more information on using these methods to create, reconfigure, or delete connectors, see Creating and managing connectors in the Deploying and Upgrading AMQ Streams on OpenShift guide.

Connector configuration is passed to Kafka Connect as part of an HTTP request and stored within Kafka itself. ConfigMaps and Secrets are standard OpenShift resources used for storing configurations and confidential data. You can use ConfigMaps and Secrets to configure certain elements of a connector. You can then reference the configuration values in HTTP REST commands, which keeps the configuration separate and more secure, if needed. This method applies especially to confidential data, such as usernames, passwords, or certificates.

Prerequisites

An OpenShift cluster
A running Cluster Operator

See the Deploying and Upgrading AMQ Streams on OpenShift guide for instructions on running a:

Procedure

Edit the spec properties for the KafkaConnect or KafkaConnectS2I resource.

The properties you can configure are shown in this example configuration:

apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: KafkaConnect 1
metadata:
  name: my-connect-cluster
  annotations:
    strimzi.io/use-connector-resources: "true" 2
spec:
  replicas: 3 3
  authentication: 4
    type: tls
    certificateAndKey:
      certificate: source.crt
      key: source.key
      secretName: my-user-source
  bootstrapServers: my-cluster-kafka-bootstrap:9092 5
  tls: 6
    trustedCertificates:
      - secretName: my-cluster-cluster-cert
        certificate: ca.crt
      - secretName: my-cluster-cluster-cert
        certificate: ca2.crt
  config: 7
    group.id: my-connect-cluster
    offset.storage.topic: my-connect-cluster-offsets
    config.storage.topic: my-connect-cluster-configs
    status.storage.topic: my-connect-cluster-status
    key.converter: org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter
    value.converter: org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter
    key.converter.schemas.enable: true
    value.converter.schemas.enable: true
    config.storage.replication.factor: 3
    offset.storage.replication.factor: 3
    status.storage.replication.factor: 3
  build: 8
    output: 9
      type: docker
      image: my-registry.io/my-org/my-connect-cluster:latest
      pushSecret: my-registry-credentials
    plugins: 10
      - name: debezium-postgres-connector
        artifacts:
          - type: tgz
            url: https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/io/debezium/debezium-connector-postgres/1.3.1.Final/debezium-connector-postgres-1.3.1.Final-plugin.tar.gz
            sha512sum: 962a12151bdf9a5a30627eebac739955a4fd95a08d373b86bdcea2b4d0c27dd6e1edd5cb548045e115e33a9e69b1b2a352bee24df035a0447cb820077af00c03
      - name: camel-telegram
        artifacts:
          - type: tgz
            url: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/camel/kafkaconnector/camel-telegram-kafka-connector/0.7.0/camel-telegram-kafka-connector-0.7.0-package.tar.gz
            sha512sum: a9b1ac63e3284bea7836d7d24d84208c49cdf5600070e6bd1535de654f6920b74ad950d51733e8020bf4187870699819f54ef5859c7846ee4081507f48873479
  externalConfiguration: 11
    env:
      - name: AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
        valueFrom:
          secretKeyRef:
            name: aws-creds
            key: awsAccessKey
      - name: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
        valueFrom:
          secretKeyRef:
            name: aws-creds
            key: awsSecretAccessKey
  resources: 12
    requests:
      cpu: "1"
      memory: 2Gi
    limits:
      cpu: "2"
      memory: 2Gi
  logging: 13
    type: inline
    loggers:
      log4j.rootLogger: "INFO"
  readinessProbe: 14
    initialDelaySeconds: 15
    timeoutSeconds: 5
  livenessProbe:
    initialDelaySeconds: 15
    timeoutSeconds: 5
  metricsConfig: 15
    type: jmxPrometheusExporter
    valueFrom:
      configMapKeyRef:
        name: my-config-map
        key: my-key
  jvmOptions: 16
    "-Xmx": "1g"
    "-Xms": "1g"
  image: my-org/my-image:latest 17
  rack:
    topologyKey: topology.kubernetes.io/zone 18
  template: 19
    pod:
      affinity:
        podAntiAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            - labelSelector:
                matchExpressions:
                  - key: application
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - postgresql
                      - mongodb
              topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
    connectContainer: 20
      env:
        - name: JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME
          value: my-jaeger-service
        - name: JAEGER_AGENT_HOST
          value: jaeger-agent-name
        - name: JAEGER_AGENT_PORT
          value: "6831"

1: Use KafkaConnect or KafkaConnectS2I, as required.
2: Enables KafkaConnectors for the Kafka Connect cluster.
3: The number of replica nodes.
4: Authentication for the Kafka Connect cluster, using the TLS mechanism, as shown here, using OAuth bearer tokens, or a SASL-based SCRAM-SHA-512 or PLAIN mechanism. By default, Kafka Connect connects to Kafka brokers using a plain text connection.
5: Bootstrap server for connection to the Kafka Connect cluster.
6: TLS encryption with key names under which TLS certificates are stored in X.509 format for the cluster. If certificates are stored in the same secret, it can be listed multiple times.
7: Kafka Connect configuration of workers (not connectors). Standard Apache Kafka configuration may be provided, restricted to those properties not managed directly by AMQ Streams.
8: Build configuration properties for building a container image with connector plugins automatically.
9: (Required) Configuration of the container registry where new images are pushed.
10: (Required) List of connector plugins and their artifacts to add to the new container image. Each plugin must be configured with at least one artifact.
11: External configuration for Kafka connectors using environment variables, as shown here, or volumes.
12: Requests for reservation of supported resources, currently cpu and memory, and limits to specify the maximum resources that can be consumed.
13: Specified Kafka Connect loggers and log levels added directly (inline) or indirectly (external) through a ConfigMap. A custom ConfigMap must be placed under the log4j.properties or log4j2.properties key. For the Kafka Connect log4j.rootLogger logger, you can set the log level to INFO, ERROR, WARN, TRACE, DEBUG, FATAL or OFF.
14: Healthchecks to know when to restart a container (liveness) and when a container can accept traffic (readiness).
15: Prometheus metrics, which are enabled by referencing a ConfigMap containing configuration for the Prometheus JMX exporter in this example. You can enable metrics without further configuration using a reference to a ConfigMap containing an empty file under metricsConfig.valueFrom.configMapKeyRef.key.
16: JVM configuration options to optimize performance for the Virtual Machine (VM) running Kafka Connect.
17: ADVANCED OPTION: Container image configuration, which is recommended only in special situations.
18: Rack awareness is configured to spread replicas across different racks. A topologykey must match the label of a cluster node.
19: Template customization. Here a pod is scheduled with anti-affinity, so the pod is not scheduled on nodes with the same hostname.
20: Environment variables are also set for distributed tracing using Jaeger.

Create or update the resource:
```
oc apply -f KAFKA-CONNECT-CONFIG-FILE
```
If authorization is enabled for Kafka Connect, configure Kafka Connect users to enable access to the Kafka Connect consumer group and topics.

2.2.2. Kafka Connect configuration for multiple instances

If you are running multiple instances of Kafka Connect, you have to change the default configuration of the following config properties:

apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: KafkaConnect
metadata:
  name: my-connect
spec:
  # ...
  config:
    group.id: connect-cluster 1
    offset.storage.topic: connect-cluster-offsets 2
    config.storage.topic: connect-cluster-configs 3
    status.storage.topic: connect-cluster-status  4
    # ...
# ...

1: Kafka Connect cluster group that the instance belongs to.
2: Kafka topic that stores connector offsets.
3: Kafka topic that stores connector and task status configurations.
4: Kafka topic that stores connector and task status updates.

Note

Values for the three topics must be the same for all Kafka Connect instances with the same group.id.

Unless you change the default settings, each Kafka Connect instance connecting to the same Kafka cluster is deployed with the same values. What happens, in effect, is all instances are coupled to run in a cluster and use the same topics.

If multiple Kafka Connect clusters try to use the same topics, Kafka Connect will not work as expected and generate errors.

If you wish to run multiple Kafka Connect instances, change the values of these properties for each instance.

2.2.3. Configuring Kafka Connect user authorization

This procedure describes how to authorize user access to Kafka Connect.

When any type of authorization is being used in Kafka, a Kafka Connect user requires read/write access rights to the consumer group and the internal topics of Kafka Connect.

The properties for the consumer group and internal topics are automatically configured by AMQ Streams, or they can be specified explicitly in the spec of the KafkaConnect or KafkaConnectS2I resource.

Example configuration properties in the KafkaConnect resource

apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: KafkaConnect
metadata:
  name: my-connect
spec:
  # ...
  config:
    group.id: my-connect-cluster 1
    offset.storage.topic: my-connect-cluster-offsets 2
    config.storage.topic: my-connect-cluster-configs 3
    status.storage.topic: my-connect-cluster-status 4
    # ...
  # ...

1: Kafka Connect cluster group that the instance belongs to.
2: Kafka topic that stores connector offsets.
3: Kafka topic that stores connector and task status configurations.
4: Kafka topic that stores connector and task status updates.

This procedure shows how access is provided when simple authorization is being used.

Simple authorization uses ACL rules, handled by the Kafka AclAuthorizer plugin, to provide the right level of access. For more information on configuring a KafkaUser resource to use simple authorization, see the AclRule schema reference.

Note

The default values for the consumer group and topics will differ when running multiple instances.

Prerequisites

An OpenShift cluster
A running Cluster Operator

Procedure

Edit the authorization property in the KafkaUser resource to provide access rights to the user.

In the following example, access rights are configured for the Kafka Connect topics and consumer group using literal name values:

Property	Name
`offset.storage.topic`	`connect-cluster-offsets`
`status.storage.topic`	`connect-cluster-status`
`config.storage.topic`	`connect-cluster-configs`
`group`	`connect-cluster`

apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: KafkaUser
metadata:
  name: my-user
  labels:
    strimzi.io/cluster: my-cluster
spec:
  # ...
  authorization:
    type: simple
    acls:
      # access to offset.storage.topic
      - resource:
          type: topic
          name: connect-cluster-offsets
          patternType: literal
        operation: Write
        host: "*"
      - resource:
          type: topic
          name: connect-cluster-offsets
          patternType: literal
        operation: Create
        host: "*"
      - resource:
          type: topic
          name: connect-cluster-offsets
          patternType: literal
        operation: Describe
        host: "*"
      - resource:
          type: topic
          name: connect-cluster-offsets
          patternType: literal
        operation: Read
        host: "*"
      # access to status.storage.topic
      - resource:
          type: topic
          name: connect-cluster-status
          patternType: literal
        operation: Write
        host: "*"
      - resource:
          type: topic
          name: connect-cluster-status
          patternType: literal
        operation: Create
        host: "*"
      - resource:
          type: topic
          name: connect-cluster-status
          patternType: literal
        operation: Describe
        host: "*"
      - resource:
          type: topic
          name: connect-cluster-status
          patternType: literal
        operation: Read
        host: "*"
      # access to config.storage.topic
      - resource:
          type: topic
          name: connect-cluster-configs
          patternType: literal
        operation: Write
        host: "*"
      - resource:
          type: topic
          name: connect-cluster-configs
          patternType: literal
        operation: Create
        host: "*"
      - resource:
          type: topic
          name: connect-cluster-configs
          patternType: literal
        operation: Describe
        host: "*"
      - resource:
          type: topic
          name: connect-cluster-configs
          patternType: literal
        operation: Read
        host: "*"
      # consumer group
      - resource:
          type: group
          name: connect-cluster
          patternType: literal
        operation: Read
        host: "*"

Create or update the resource.
```
oc apply -f KAFKA-USER-CONFIG-FILE
```

2.2.4. Performing a restart of a Kafka connector

This procedure describes how to manually trigger a restart of a Kafka connector by using an OpenShift annotation.

Prerequisites

The Cluster Operator is running.

Procedure

Find the name of the KafkaConnector custom resource that controls the Kafka connector you want to restart:
```
oc get KafkaConnector
```
To restart the connector, annotate the KafkaConnector resource in OpenShift. For example, using oc annotate:
```
oc annotate KafkaConnector KAFKACONNECTOR-NAME strimzi.io/restart=true
```
Wait for the next reconciliation to occur (every two minutes by default).
The Kafka connector is restarted, as long as the annotation was detected by the reconciliation process. When Kafka Connect accepts the restart request, the annotation is removed from the KafkaConnector custom resource.

Additional resources

Creating and managing connectors in the Deploying and Upgrading guide.

2.2.5. Performing a restart of a Kafka connector task

This procedure describes how to manually trigger a restart of a Kafka connector task by using an OpenShift annotation.

Prerequisites

The Cluster Operator is running.

Procedure

Find the name of the KafkaConnector custom resource that controls the Kafka connector task you want to restart:
```
oc get KafkaConnector
```
Find the ID of the task to be restarted from the KafkaConnector custom resource. Task IDs are non-negative integers, starting from 0.
```
oc describe KafkaConnector KAFKACONNECTOR-NAME
```
To restart the connector task, annotate the KafkaConnector resource in OpenShift. For example, using oc annotate to restart task 0:
```
oc annotate KafkaConnector KAFKACONNECTOR-NAME strimzi.io/restart-task=0
```
Wait for the next reconciliation to occur (every two minutes by default).
The Kafka connector task is restarted, as long as the annotation was detected by the reconciliation process. When Kafka Connect accepts the restart request, the annotation is removed from the KafkaConnector custom resource.

Additional resources

Creating and managing connectors in the Deploying and Upgrading guide.

2.2.6. Migrating from Kafka Connect with S2I to Kafka Connect

Support for Kafka Connect with S2I and the KafkaConnectS2I resource is deprecated. This follows the introduction of build configuration properties to the KafkaConnect resource, which are used to build a container image with the connector plugins you require for your data connections automatically.

This procedure describes how to migrate your Kafka Connect with S2I instance to a standard Kafka Connect instance. To do this, you configure a new KafkaConnect custom resource to replace the KafkaConnectS2I resource, which is then deleted.

Warning

The migration process involves downtime from the moment the KafkaConnectS2I instance is deleted until the new KafkaConnect instance has been successfully deployed. During this time, connectors will not be running and processing data. However, after the changeover they should continue from the point at which they stopped.

Prerequisites

Kafka Connect with S2I is deployed using a KafkaConnectS2I configuration
Kafka Connect with S2I is using an image with connectors added using an S2I build
Sink and source connector instances were created using KafkaConnector resources or the Kafka Connect REST API

Procedure

Create a new KafkaConnect custom resource using the same name as the name used for the KafkaconnectS2I resource.
Copy the KafkaConnectS2I resource properties to the KafkaConnect resource.
If specified, make sure you use the same spec.config properties:
- group.id
- offset.storage.topic
- config.storage.topic
- status.storage.topic
  If these properties are not specified, defaults are used. In which case, leave them out of the KafkaConnect resource configuration as well.
Now add configuration specific to the KafkaConnect resource to the new resource.
Add build configuration to configure all the connectors and other libraries you want to add to the Kafka Connect deployment.
Note
Alternatively, you can build a new image with connectors manually, and specify it using the .spec.image property.
Delete the old KafkaConnectS2I resource:
```
oc delete -f MY-KAFKA-CONNECT-S2I-CONFIG-FILE
```
Replace MY-KAFKA-CONNECT-S2I-CONFIG-FILE with the name of the file containing your KafkaConnectS2I resource configuration.
Alternatively, you can specify the name of the resource:
```
oc delete kafkaconnects2i MY-KAFKA-CONNECT-S2I
```
Replace MY-KAFKA-CONNECT-S2I with the name of the KafkaConnectS2I resource.
Wait until the Kafka Connect with S2I deployment and pods are deleted.
Warning
No other resources must be deleted.
Deploy the new KafkaConnect resource:
```
oc apply -f MY-KAFKA-CONNECT-CONFIG-FILE
```
Replace MY-KAFKA-CONNECT-CONFIG-FILE with the name of the file containing your new KafkaConnect resource configuration.
Wait until the new image is built, the deployment is created, and the pods have started.
If you are using KafkaConnector resources for managing Kafka Connect connectors, check that all expected connectors are present and are running:
```
oc get kctr --selector strimzi.io/cluster=MY-KAFKA-CONNECT-CLUSTER -o name
```
Replace MY-KAFKA-CONNECT-CLUSTER with the name of your Kafka Connect cluster.
Connectors automatically recover through Kafka Connect storage. Even if you are using the Kafka Connect REST API to manage them, you should not need to recreate them manually.

Additional resources

2.2.7. List of Kafka Connect cluster resources

The following resources are created by the Cluster Operator in the OpenShift cluster:

connect-cluster-name-connect: Deployment which is in charge to create the Kafka Connect worker node pods.
connect-cluster-name-connect-api: Service which exposes the REST interface for managing the Kafka Connect cluster.
connect-cluster-name-config: ConfigMap which contains the Kafka Connect ancillary configuration and is mounted as a volume by the Kafka broker pods.
connect-cluster-name-connect: Pod Disruption Budget configured for the Kafka Connect worker nodes.

2.2.8. List of Kafka Connect (S2I) cluster resources

The following resources are created by the Cluster Operator in the OpenShift cluster:

connect-cluster-name-connect-source: ImageStream which is used as the base image for the newly-built Docker images.
connect-cluster-name-connect: BuildConfig which is responsible for building the new Kafka Connect Docker images.
connect-cluster-name-connect: ImageStream where the newly built Docker images will be pushed.
connect-cluster-name-connect: DeploymentConfig which is in charge of creating the Kafka Connect worker node pods.
connect-cluster-name-connect-api: Service which exposes the REST interface for managing the Kafka Connect cluster.
connect-cluster-name-config: ConfigMap which contains the Kafka Connect ancillary configuration and is mounted as a volume by the Kafka broker pods.
connect-cluster-name-connect: Pod Disruption Budget configured for the Kafka Connect worker nodes.

2.2.9. Integrating with Debezium for change data capture

Red Hat Debezium is a distributed change data capture platform. It captures row-level changes in databases, creates change event records, and streams the records to Kafka topics. Debezium is built on Apache Kafka. You can deploy and integrate Debezium with AMQ Streams. Following a deployment of AMQ Streams, you deploy Debezium as a connector configuration through Kafka Connect. Debezium passes change event records to AMQ Streams on OpenShift. Applications can read these change event streams and access the change events in the order in which they occurred.

Debezium has multiple uses, including:

Data replication
Updating caches and search indexes
Simplifying monolithic applications
Data integration
Enabling streaming queries

To capture database changes, deploy Kafka Connect with a Debezium database connector . You configure a KafkaConnector resource to define the connector instance.

For more information on deploying Debezium with AMQ Streams, refer to the product documentation. The Debezium documentation includes a Getting Started with Debezium guide that guides you through the process of setting up the services and connector required to view change event records for database updates.

2.3. Kafka MirrorMaker cluster configuration

This chapter describes how to configure a Kafka MirrorMaker deployment in your AMQ Streams cluster to replicate data between Kafka clusters.

You can use AMQ Streams with MirrorMaker or MirrorMaker 2.0. MirrorMaker 2.0 is the latest version, and offers a more efficient way to mirror data between Kafka clusters.

If you are using MirrorMaker, you configure the KafkaMirrorMaker resource.

The following procedure shows how the resource is configured:

Configuring Kafka MirrorMaker

The full schema of the KafkaMirrorMaker resource is described in the KafkaMirrorMaker schema reference.

2.3.1. Configuring Kafka MirrorMaker

Use the properties of the KafkaMirrorMaker resource to configure your Kafka MirrorMaker deployment.

You can configure access control for producers and consumers using TLS or SASL authentication. This procedure shows a configuration that uses TLS encryption and authentication on the consumer and producer side.

Prerequisites

See the Deploying and Upgrading AMQ Streams on OpenShift guide for instructions on running a:
- Cluster Operator
- Kafka cluster
Source and target Kafka clusters must be available

Procedure

Edit the spec properties for the KafkaMirrorMaker resource.

The properties you can configure are shown in this example configuration:

apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: KafkaMirrorMaker
metadata:
  name: my-mirror-maker
spec:
  replicas: 3 1
  consumer:
    bootstrapServers: my-source-cluster-kafka-bootstrap:9092 2
    groupId: "my-group" 3
    numStreams: 2 4
    offsetCommitInterval: 120000 5
    tls: 6
      trustedCertificates:
      - secretName: my-source-cluster-ca-cert
        certificate: ca.crt
    authentication: 7
      type: tls
      certificateAndKey:
        secretName: my-source-secret
        certificate: public.crt
        key: private.key
    config: 8
      max.poll.records: 100
      receive.buffer.bytes: 32768
      ssl.cipher.suites: "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384" 9
      ssl.enabled.protocols: "TLSv1.2"
      ssl.protocol: "TLSv1.2"
      ssl.endpoint.identification.algorithm: HTTPS 10
  producer:
    bootstrapServers: my-target-cluster-kafka-bootstrap:9092
    abortOnSendFailure: false 11
    tls:
      trustedCertificates:
      - secretName: my-target-cluster-ca-cert
        certificate: ca.crt
    authentication:
      type: tls
      certificateAndKey:
        secretName: my-target-secret
        certificate: public.crt
        key: private.key
    config:
      compression.type: gzip
      batch.size: 8192
      ssl.cipher.suites: "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384" 12
      ssl.enabled.protocols: "TLSv1.2"
      ssl.protocol: "TLSv1.2"
      ssl.endpoint.identification.algorithm: HTTPS 13
  whitelist: "my-topic|other-topic" 14
  resources: 15
    requests:
      cpu: "1"
      memory: 2Gi
    limits:
      cpu: "2"
      memory: 2Gi
  logging: 16
    type: inline
    loggers:
      mirrormaker.root.logger: "INFO"
  readinessProbe: 17
    initialDelaySeconds: 15
    timeoutSeconds: 5
  livenessProbe:
    initialDelaySeconds: 15
    timeoutSeconds: 5
  metricsConfig: 18
   type: jmxPrometheusExporter
   valueFrom:
     configMapKeyRef:
       name: my-config-map
       key: my-key
  jvmOptions: 19
    "-Xmx": "1g"
    "-Xms": "1g"
  image: my-org/my-image:latest 20
  template: 21
    pod:
      affinity:
        podAntiAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            - labelSelector:
                matchExpressions:
                  - key: application
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - postgresql
                      - mongodb
              topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
    connectContainer: 22
      env:
        - name: JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME
          value: my-jaeger-service
        - name: JAEGER_AGENT_HOST
          value: jaeger-agent-name
        - name: JAEGER_AGENT_PORT
          value: "6831"
  tracing: 23
    type: jaeger

1: The number of replica nodes.
2: Bootstrap servers for consumer and producer.
3: Group ID for the consumer.
4: The number of consumer streams.
5: The offset auto-commit interval in milliseconds.
6: TLS encryption with key names under which TLS certificates are stored in X.509 format for consumer or producer. If certificates are stored in the same secret, it can be listed multiple times.
7: Authentication for consumer or producer, using the TLS mechanism, as shown here, using OAuth bearer tokens, or a SASL-based SCRAM-SHA-512 or PLAIN mechanism.
8: Kafka configuration options for consumer and producer.
9: SSL properties for external listeners to run with a specific cipher suite for a TLS version.
10: Hostname verification is enabled by setting to HTTPS. An empty string disables the verification.
11: If the abortOnSendFailure property is set to true, Kafka MirrorMaker will exit and the container will restart following a send failure for a message.
12: SSL properties for external listeners to run with a specific cipher suite for a TLS version.
13: Hostname verification is enabled by setting to HTTPS. An empty string disables the verification.
14: A whitelist of topics mirrored from source to target Kafka cluster.
15: Requests for reservation of supported resources, currently cpu and memory, and limits to specify the maximum resources that can be consumed.
16: Specified loggers and log levels added directly (inline) or indirectly (external) through a ConfigMap. A custom ConfigMap must be placed under the log4j.properties or log4j2.properties key. MirrorMaker has a single logger called mirrormaker.root.logger. You can set the log level to INFO, ERROR, WARN, TRACE, DEBUG, FATAL or OFF.
17: Healthchecks to know when to restart a container (liveness) and when a container can accept traffic (readiness).
18: Prometheus metrics, which are enabled by referencing a ConfigMap containing configuration for the Prometheus JMX exporter in this example. You can enable metrics without further configuration using a reference to a ConfigMap containing an empty file under metricsConfig.valueFrom.configMapKeyRef.key.
19: JVM configuration options to optimize performance for the Virtual Machine (VM) running Kafka MirrorMaker.
20: ADVANCED OPTION: Container image configuration, which is recommended only in special situations.
21: Template customization. Here a pod is scheduled with anti-affinity, so the pod is not scheduled on nodes with the same hostname.
22: Environment variables are also set for distributed tracing using Jaeger.
23: Distributed tracing is enabled for Jaeger.

Warning

With the abortOnSendFailure property set to false, the producer attempts to send the next message in a topic. The original message might be lost, as there is no attempt to resend a failed message.

Create or update the resource:
```
oc apply -f <your-file>
```

2.3.2. List of Kafka MirrorMaker cluster resources

The following resources are created by the Cluster Operator in the OpenShift cluster:

<mirror-maker-name>-mirror-maker: Deployment which is responsible for creating the Kafka MirrorMaker pods.
<mirror-maker-name>-config: ConfigMap which contains ancillary configuration for the Kafka MirrorMaker, and is mounted as a volume by the Kafka broker pods.
<mirror-maker-name>-mirror-maker: Pod Disruption Budget configured for the Kafka MirrorMaker worker nodes.

2.4. Kafka MirrorMaker 2.0 cluster configuration

This section describes how to configure a Kafka MirrorMaker 2.0 deployment in your AMQ Streams cluster.

MirrorMaker 2.0 is used to replicate data between two or more active Kafka clusters, within or across data centers.

Data replication across clusters supports scenarios that require:

Recovery of data in the event of a system failure
Aggregation of data for analysis
Restriction of data access to a specific cluster
Provision of data at a specific location to improve latency

If you are using MirrorMaker 2.0, you configure the KafkaMirrorMaker2 resource.

MirrorMaker 2.0 introduces an entirely new way of replicating data between clusters.

As a result, the resource configuration differs from the previous version of MirrorMaker. If you choose to use MirrorMaker 2.0, there is currently no legacy support, so any resources must be manually converted into the new format.

How MirrorMaker 2.0 replicates data is described here:

MirrorMaker 2.0 data replication

The following procedure shows how the resource is configured for MirrorMaker 2.0:

Synchronizing data between Kafka clusters

The full schema of the KafkaMirrorMaker2 resource is described in the KafkaMirrorMaker2 schema reference.

2.4.1. MirrorMaker 2.0 data replication

MirrorMaker 2.0 consumes messages from a source Kafka cluster and writes them to a target Kafka cluster.

MirrorMaker 2.0 uses:

Source cluster configuration to consume data from the source cluster
Target cluster configuration to output data to the target cluster

MirrorMaker 2.0 is based on the Kafka Connect framework, connectors managing the transfer of data between clusters. A MirrorMaker 2.0 MirrorSourceConnector replicates topics from a source cluster to a target cluster.

The process of mirroring data from one cluster to another cluster is asynchronous. The recommended pattern is for messages to be produced locally alongside the source Kafka cluster, then consumed remotely close to the target Kafka cluster.

MirrorMaker 2.0 can be used with more than one source cluster.

Figure 2.1. Replication across two clusters

By default, a check for new topics in the source cluster is made every 10 minutes. You can change the frequency by adding refresh.topics.interval.seconds to the source connector configuration of the KafkaMirrorMaker2 resource. However, increasing the frequency of the operation might affect overall performance.

2.4.2. Cluster configuration

You can use MirrorMaker 2.0 in active/passive or active/active cluster configurations.

In an active/active configuration, both clusters are active and provide the same data simultaneously, which is useful if you want to make the same data available locally in different geographical locations.
In an active/passive configuration, the data from an active cluster is replicated in a passive cluster, which remains on standby, for example, for data recovery in the event of system failure.

The expectation is that producers and consumers connect to active clusters only.

A MirrorMaker 2.0 cluster is required at each target destination.

2.4.2.1. Bidirectional replication (active/active)

The MirrorMaker 2.0 architecture supports bidirectional replication in an active/active cluster configuration.

Each cluster replicates the data of the other cluster using the concept of source and remote topics. As the same topics are stored in each cluster, remote topics are automatically renamed by MirrorMaker 2.0 to represent the source cluster. The name of the originating cluster is prepended to the name of the topic.

Figure 2.2. Topic renaming

MirrorMaker 2.0 bidirectional architecture

By flagging the originating cluster, topics are not replicated back to that cluster.

The concept of replication through remote topics is useful when configuring an architecture that requires data aggregation. Consumers can subscribe to source and remote topics within the same cluster, without the need for a separate aggregation cluster.

2.4.2.2. Unidirectional replication (active/passive)

The MirrorMaker 2.0 architecture supports unidirectional replication in an active/passive cluster configuration.

You can use an active/passive cluster configuration to make backups or migrate data to another cluster. In this situation, you might not want automatic renaming of remote topics.

You can override automatic renaming by adding IdentityReplicationPolicy to the source connector configuration of the KafkaMirrorMaker2 resource. With this configuration applied, topics retain their original names.

2.4.2.3. Topic configuration synchronization

Topic configuration is automatically synchronized between source and target clusters. By synchronizing configuration properties, the need for rebalancing is reduced.

2.4.2.4. Data integrity

MirrorMaker 2.0 monitors source topics and propagates any configuration changes to remote topics, checking for and creating missing partitions. Only MirrorMaker 2.0 can write to remote topics.

2.4.2.5. Offset tracking

MirrorMaker 2.0 tracks offsets for consumer groups using internal topics.

The offset sync topic maps the source and target offsets for replicated topic partitions from record metadata
The checkpoint topic maps the last committed offset in the source and target cluster for replicated topic partitions in each consumer group

Offsets for the checkpoint topic are tracked at predetermined intervals through configuration. Both topics enable replication to be fully restored from the correct offset position on failover.

MirrorMaker 2.0 uses its MirrorCheckpointConnector to emit checkpoints for offset tracking.

2.4.2.6. Synchronizing consumer group offsets

The __consumer_offsets topic stores information on committed offsets, for each consumer group. Offset synchronization periodically transfers the consumer offsets for the consumer groups of a source cluster into the consumer offsets topic of a target cluster.

Offset synchronization is particularly useful in an active/passive configuration. If the active cluster goes down, consumer applications can switch to the passive (standby) cluster and pick up from the last transferred offset position.

To use topic offset synchronization:

Enable the synchronization by adding sync.group.offsets.enabled to the checkpoint connector configuration of the KafkaMirrorMaker2 resource, and setting the property to true. Synchronization is disabled by default.
Add the IdentityReplicationPolicy to the source and checkpoint connector configuration so that topics in the target cluster retain their original names.

For topic offset synchronization to work, consumer groups in the target cluster cannot use the same ids as groups in the source cluster.

If enabled, the synchronization of offsets from the source cluster is made periodically. You can change the frequency by adding sync.group.offsets.interval.seconds and emit.checkpoints.interval.seconds to the checkpoint connector configuration. The properties specify the frequency in seconds that the consumer group offsets are synchronized, and the frequency of checkpoints emitted for offset tracking. The default for both properties is 60 seconds. You can also change the frequency of checks for new consumer groups using the refresh.groups.interval.seconds property, which is performed every 10 minutes by default.

Because the synchronization is time-based, any switchover by consumers to a passive cluster will likely result in some duplication of messages.

2.4.2.7. Connectivity checks

A heartbeat internal topic checks connectivity between clusters.

The heartbeat topic is replicated from the source cluster.

Target clusters use the topic to check:

The connector managing connectivity between clusters is running
The source cluster is available

MirrorMaker 2.0 uses its MirrorHeartbeatConnector to emit heartbeats that perform these checks.

2.4.3. ACL rules synchronization

ACL access to remote topics is possible if you are not using the User Operator.

If AclAuthorizer is being used, without the User Operator, ACL rules that manage access to brokers also apply to remote topics. Users that can read a source topic can read its remote equivalent.

Note

OAuth 2.0 authorization does not support access to remote topics in this way.

2.4.4. Synchronizing data between Kafka clusters using MirrorMaker 2.0

Use MirrorMaker 2.0 to synchronize data between Kafka clusters through configuration.

The configuration must specify:

Each Kafka cluster
Connection information for each cluster, including TLS authentication
The replication flow and direction
- Cluster to cluster
- Topic to topic

Use the properties of the KafkaMirrorMaker2 resource to configure your Kafka MirrorMaker 2.0 deployment.

Note

The previous version of MirrorMaker continues to be supported. If you wish to use the resources configured for the previous version, they must be updated to the format supported by MirrorMaker 2.0.

MirrorMaker 2.0 provides default configuration values for properties such as replication factors. A minimal configuration, with defaults left unchanged, would be something like this example:

apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: KafkaMirrorMaker2
metadata:
  name: my-mirror-maker2
spec:
  version: 2.7.0
  connectCluster: "my-cluster-target"
  clusters:
  - alias: "my-cluster-source"
    bootstrapServers: my-cluster-source-kafka-bootstrap:9092
  - alias: "my-cluster-target"
    bootstrapServers: my-cluster-target-kafka-bootstrap:9092
  mirrors:
  - sourceCluster: "my-cluster-source"
    targetCluster: "my-cluster-target"
    sourceConnector: {}

You can configure access control for source and target clusters using TLS or SASL authentication. This procedure shows a configuration that uses TLS encryption and authentication for the source and target cluster.

Prerequisites

See the Deploying and Upgrading AMQ Streams on OpenShift guide for instructions on running a:
- Cluster Operator
- Kafka cluster
Source and target Kafka clusters must be available

Procedure

Edit the spec properties for the KafkaMirrorMaker2 resource.
The properties you can configure are shown in this example configuration:
```
apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: KafkaMirrorMaker2
metadata:
  name: my-mirror-maker2
spec:
  version: 2.7.0 1
  replicas: 3 2
  connectCluster: "my-cluster-target" 3
  clusters: 4
  - alias: "my-cluster-source" 5
    authentication: 6
      certificateAndKey:
        certificate: source.crt
        key: source.key
        secretName: my-user-source
      type: tls
    bootstrapServers: my-cluster-source-kafka-bootstrap:9092 7
    tls: 8
      trustedCertificates:
      - certificate: ca.crt
        secretName: my-cluster-source-cluster-ca-cert
  - alias: "my-cluster-target" 9
    authentication: 10
      certificateAndKey:
        certificate: target.crt
        key: target.key
        secretName: my-user-target
      type: tls
    bootstrapServers: my-cluster-target-kafka-bootstrap:9092 11
    config: 12
      config.storage.replication.factor: 1
      offset.storage.replication.factor: 1
      status.storage.replication.factor: 1
      ssl.cipher.suites: "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384" 13
      ssl.enabled.protocols: "TLSv1.2"
      ssl.protocol: "TLSv1.2"
      ssl.endpoint.identification.algorithm: HTTPS 14
    tls: 15
      trustedCertificates:
      - certificate: ca.crt
        secretName: my-cluster-target-cluster-ca-cert
  mirrors: 16
  - sourceCluster: "my-cluster-source" 17
    targetCluster: "my-cluster-target" 18
    sourceConnector: 19
      config:
        replication.factor: 1 20
        offset-syncs.topic.replication.factor: 1 21
        sync.topic.acls.enabled: "false" 22
        refresh.topics.interval.seconds: 60 23
        replication.policy.separator: "" 24
        replication.policy.class: "io.strimzi.kafka.connect.mirror.IdentityReplicationPolicy" 25
    heartbeatConnector: 26
      config:
        heartbeats.topic.replication.factor: 1 27
    checkpointConnector: 28
      config:
        checkpoints.topic.replication.factor: 1 29
        refresh.groups.interval.seconds: 600 30
        sync.group.offsets.enabled: true 31
        sync.group.offsets.interval.seconds: 60 32
        emit.checkpoints.interval.seconds: 60 33
        replication.policy.class: "io.strimzi.kafka.connect.mirror.IdentityReplicationPolicy"
    topicsPattern: ".*" 34
    groupsPattern: "group1|group2|group3" 35
  resources: 36
    requests:
      cpu: "1"
      memory: 2Gi
    limits:
      cpu: "2"
      memory: 2Gi
  logging: 37
    type: inline
    loggers:
      connect.root.logger.level: "INFO"
  readinessProbe: 38
    initialDelaySeconds: 15
    timeoutSeconds: 5
  livenessProbe:
    initialDelaySeconds: 15
    timeoutSeconds: 5
  jvmOptions: 39
    "-Xmx": "1g"
    "-Xms": "1g"
  image: my-org/my-image:latest 40
  template: 41
    pod:
      affinity:
        podAntiAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            - labelSelector:
                matchExpressions:
                  - key: application
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - postgresql
                      - mongodb
              topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
    connectContainer: 42
      env:
        - name: JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME
          value: my-jaeger-service
        - name: JAEGER_AGENT_HOST
          value: jaeger-agent-name
        - name: JAEGER_AGENT_PORT
          value: "6831"
  tracing:
    type: jaeger 43
  externalConfiguration: 44
    env:
      - name: AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
        valueFrom:
          secretKeyRef:
            name: aws-creds
            key: awsAccessKey
      - name: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
        valueFrom:
          secretKeyRef:
            name: aws-creds
            key: awsSecretAccessKey
```
1
The Kafka Connect and Mirror Maker 2.0 version, which will always be the same.
2
The number of replica nodes.
3
Kafka cluster alias for Kafka Connect, which must specify the target Kafka cluster. The Kafka cluster is used by Kafka Connect for its internal topics.
4
Specification for the Kafka clusters being synchronized.
5
Cluster alias for the source Kafka cluster.
6
Authentication for the source cluster, using the TLS mechanism, as shown here, using OAuth bearer tokens, or a SASL-based SCRAM-SHA-512 or PLAIN mechanism.
7
Bootstrap server for connection to the source Kafka cluster.
8
TLS encryption with key names under which TLS certificates are stored in X.509 format for the source Kafka cluster. If certificates are stored in the same secret, it can be listed multiple times.
9
Cluster alias for the target Kafka cluster.
10
Authentication for the target Kafka cluster is configured in the same way as for the source Kafka cluster.
11
Bootstrap server for connection to the target Kafka cluster.
12
Kafka Connect configuration. Standard Apache Kafka configuration may be provided, restricted to those properties not managed directly by AMQ Streams.
13
SSL properties for external listeners to run with a specific cipher suite for a TLS version.
14
Hostname verification is enabled by setting to HTTPS. An empty string disables the verification.
15
TLS encryption for the target Kafka cluster is configured in the same way as for the source Kafka cluster.
16
MirrorMaker 2.0 connectors.
17
Cluster alias for the source cluster used by the MirrorMaker 2.0 connectors.
18
Cluster alias for the target cluster used by the MirrorMaker 2.0 connectors.
19
Configuration for the MirrorSourceConnector that creates remote topics. The config overrides the default configuration options.
20
Replication factor for mirrored topics created at the target cluster.
21
Replication factor for the MirrorSourceConnector offset-syncs internal topic that maps the offsets of the source and target clusters.
22
When ACL rules synchronization is enabled, ACLs are applied to synchronized topics. The default is true.
23
Optional setting to change the frequency of checks for new topics. The default is for a check every 10 minutes.
24
Defines the separator used for the renaming of remote topics.
25
Adds a policy that overrides the automatic renaming of remote topics. Instead of prepending the name with the name of the source cluster, the topic retains its original name. This optional setting is useful for active/passive backups and data migration. To configure topic offset synchronization, this property must also be set for the checkpointConnector.config.
26
Configuration for the MirrorHeartbeatConnector that performs connectivity checks. The config overrides the default configuration options.
27
Replication factor for the heartbeat topic created at the target cluster.
28
Configuration for the MirrorCheckpointConnector that tracks offsets. The config overrides the default configuration options.
29
Replication factor for the checkpoints topic created at the target cluster.
30
Optional setting to change the frequency of checks for new consumer groups. The default is for a check every 10 minutes.
31
Optional setting to synchronize consumer group offsets, which is useful for recovery in an active/passive configuration. Synchronization is not enabled by default.
32
If the synchronization of consumer group offsets is enabled, you can adjust the frequency of the synchronization.
33
Adjusts the frequency of checks for offset tracking. If you change the frequency of offset synchronization, you might also need to adjust the frequency of these checks.
34
Topic replication from the source cluster defined as regular expression patterns. Here we request all topics.
35
Consumer group replication from the source cluster defined as regular expression patterns. Here we request three consumer groups by name. You can use comma-separated lists.
36
Requests for reservation of supported resources, currently cpu and memory, and limits to specify the maximum resources that can be consumed.
37
Specified Kafka Connect loggers and log levels added directly (inline) or indirectly (external) through a ConfigMap. A custom ConfigMap must be placed under the log4j.properties or log4j2.properties key. For the Kafka Connect log4j.rootLogger logger, you can set the log level to INFO, ERROR, WARN, TRACE, DEBUG, FATAL or OFF.
38
Healthchecks to know when to restart a container (liveness) and when a container can accept traffic (readiness).
39
JVM configuration options to optimize performance for the Virtual Machine (VM) running Kafka MirrorMaker.
40
ADVANCED OPTION: Container image configuration, which is recommended only in special situations.
41
Template customization. Here a pod is scheduled with anti-affinity, so the pod is not scheduled on nodes with the same hostname.
42
Environment variables are also set for distributed tracing using Jaeger.
43
Distributed tracing is enabled for Jaeger.
44
External configuration for an OpenShift Secret mounted to Kafka MirrorMaker as an environment variable.

Create or update the resource:

oc apply -f MIRRORMAKER-CONFIGURATION-FILE

2.4.5. Performing a restart of a Kafka MirrorMaker 2.0 connector

This procedure describes how to manually trigger a restart of a Kafka MirrorMaker 2.0 connector by using an OpenShift annotation.

Prerequisites

The Cluster Operator is running.

Procedure

Find the name of the KafkaMirrorMaker2 custom resource that controls the Kafka MirrorMaker 2.0 connector you want to restart:
```
oc get KafkaMirrorMaker2
```
Find the name of the Kafka MirrorMaker 2.0 connector to be restarted from the KafkaMirrorMaker2 custom resource.
```
oc describe KafkaMirrorMaker2 KAFKAMIRRORMAKER-2-NAME
```
To restart the connector, annotate the KafkaMirrorMaker2 resource in OpenShift. In this example, oc annotate restarts a connector named my-source->my-target.MirrorSourceConnector:
```
oc annotate KafkaMirrorMaker2 KAFKAMIRRORMAKER-2-NAME "strimzi.io/restart-connector=my-source->my-target.MirrorSourceConnector"
```
Wait for the next reconciliation to occur (every two minutes by default).
The Kafka MirrorMaker 2.0 connector is restarted, as long as the annotation was detected by the reconciliation process. When the restart request is accepted, the annotation is removed from the KafkaMirrorMaker2 custom resource.

Additional resources

Kafka MirrorMaker 2.0 cluster configuration.

2.4.6. Performing a restart of a Kafka MirrorMaker 2.0 connector task

This procedure describes how to manually trigger a restart of a Kafka MirrorMaker 2.0 connector task by using an OpenShift annotation.

Prerequisites

The Cluster Operator is running.

Procedure

Find the name of the KafkaMirrorMaker2 custom resource that controls the Kafka MirrorMaker 2.0 connector you want to restart:
```
oc get KafkaMirrorMaker2
```
Find the name of the Kafka MirrorMaker 2.0 connector and the ID of the task to be restarted from the KafkaMirrorMaker2 custom resource. Task IDs are non-negative integers, starting from 0.
```
oc describe KafkaMirrorMaker2 KAFKAMIRRORMAKER-2-NAME
```
To restart the connector task, annotate the KafkaMirrorMaker2 resource in OpenShift. In this example, oc annotate restarts task 0 of a connector named my-source->my-target.MirrorSourceConnector:
```
oc annotate KafkaMirrorMaker2 KAFKAMIRRORMAKER-2-NAME "strimzi.io/restart-connector-task=my-source->my-target.MirrorSourceConnector:0"
```
Wait for the next reconciliation to occur (every two minutes by default).
The Kafka MirrorMaker 2.0 connector task is restarted, as long as the annotation was detected by the reconciliation process. When the restart task request is accepted, the annotation is removed from the KafkaMirrorMaker2 custom resource.

Additional resources

Kafka MirrorMaker 2.0 cluster configuration.

2.5. Kafka Bridge cluster configuration

This section describes how to configure a Kafka Bridge deployment in your AMQ Streams cluster.

Kafka Bridge provides an API for integrating HTTP-based clients with a Kafka cluster.

If you are using the Kafka Bridge, you configure the KafkaBridge resource.

The full schema of the KafkaBridge resource is described in Section 13.2.130, “KafkaBridge schema reference”.

2.5.1. Configuring the Kafka Bridge

Use the Kafka Bridge to make HTTP-based requests to the Kafka cluster.

Use the properties of the KafkaBridge resource to configure your Kafka Bridge deployment.

In order to prevent issues arising when client consumer requests are processed by different Kafka Bridge instances, address-based routing must be employed to ensure that requests are routed to the right Kafka Bridge instance. Additionally, each independent Kafka Bridge instance must have a replica. A Kafka Bridge instance has its own state which is not shared with another instances.

Prerequisites

An OpenShift cluster
A running Cluster Operator

See the Deploying and Upgrading AMQ Streams on OpenShift guide for instructions on running a:

Procedure

Edit the spec properties for the KafkaBridge resource.

The properties you can configure are shown in this example configuration:

apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: KafkaBridge
metadata:
  name: my-bridge
spec:
  replicas: 3 1
  bootstrapServers: my-cluster-kafka-bootstrap:9092 2
  tls: 3
    trustedCertificates:
      - secretName: my-cluster-cluster-cert
        certificate: ca.crt
      - secretName: my-cluster-cluster-cert
        certificate: ca2.crt
  authentication: 4
    type: tls
    certificateAndKey:
      secretName: my-secret
      certificate: public.crt
      key: private.key
  http: 5
    port: 8080
    cors: 6
      allowedOrigins: "https://strimzi.io"
      allowedMethods: "GET,POST,PUT,DELETE,OPTIONS,PATCH"
  consumer: 7
    config:
      auto.offset.reset: earliest
  producer: 8
    config:
      delivery.timeout.ms: 300000
  resources: 9
    requests:
      cpu: "1"
      memory: 2Gi
    limits:
      cpu: "2"
      memory: 2Gi
  logging: 10
    type: inline
    loggers:
      logger.bridge.level: "INFO"
      # enabling DEBUG just for send operation
      logger.send.name: "http.openapi.operation.send"
      logger.send.level: "DEBUG"
  jvmOptions: 11
    "-Xmx": "1g"
    "-Xms": "1g"
  readinessProbe: 12
    initialDelaySeconds: 15
    timeoutSeconds: 5
  livenessProbe:
    initialDelaySeconds: 15
    timeoutSeconds: 5
  image: my-org/my-image:latest 13
  template: 14
    pod:
      affinity:
        podAntiAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            - labelSelector:
                matchExpressions:
                  - key: application
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - postgresql
                      - mongodb
              topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
    bridgeContainer: 15
      env:
        - name: JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME
          value: my-jaeger-service
        - name: JAEGER_AGENT_HOST
          value: jaeger-agent-name
        - name: JAEGER_AGENT_PORT
          value: "6831"

1: The number of replica nodes.
2: Bootstrap server for connection to the target Kafka cluster.
3: TLS encryption with key names under which TLS certificates are stored in X.509 format for the source Kafka cluster. If certificates are stored in the same secret, it can be listed multiple times.
4: Authentication for the Kafka Bridge cluster, using the TLS mechanism, as shown here, using OAuth bearer tokens, or a SASL-based SCRAM-SHA-512 or PLAIN mechanism. By default, the Kafka Bridge connects to Kafka brokers without authentication.
5: HTTP access to Kafka brokers.
6: CORS access specifying selected resources and access methods. Additional HTTP headers in requests describe the origins that are permitted access to the Kafka cluster.
7: Consumer configuration options.
8: Producer configuration options.
9: Requests for reservation of supported resources, currently cpu and memory, and limits to specify the maximum resources that can be consumed.
10: Specified Kafka Bridge loggers and log levels added directly (inline) or indirectly (external) through a ConfigMap. A custom ConfigMap must be placed under the log4j.properties or log4j2.properties key. For the Kafka Bridge loggers, you can set the log level to INFO, ERROR, WARN, TRACE, DEBUG, FATAL or OFF.
11: JVM configuration options to optimize performance for the Virtual Machine (VM) running the Kafka Bridge.
12: Healthchecks to know when to restart a container (liveness) and when a container can accept traffic (readiness).
13: ADVANCED OPTION: Container image configuration, which is recommended only in special situations.
14: Template customization. Here a pod is scheduled with anti-affinity, so the pod is not scheduled on nodes with the same hostname.
15: Environment variables are also set for distributed tracing using Jaeger.

Create or update the resource:
```
oc apply -f KAFKA-BRIDGE-CONFIG-FILE
```

2.5.2. List of Kafka Bridge cluster resources

The following resources are created by the Cluster Operator in the OpenShift cluster:

bridge-cluster-name-bridge: Deployment which is in charge to create the Kafka Bridge worker node pods.
bridge-cluster-name-bridge-service: Service which exposes the REST interface of the Kafka Bridge cluster.
bridge-cluster-name-bridge-config: ConfigMap which contains the Kafka Bridge ancillary configuration and is mounted as a volume by the Kafka broker pods.
bridge-cluster-name-bridge: Pod Disruption Budget configured for the Kafka Bridge worker nodes.

2.6. Customizing OpenShift resources

AMQ Streams creates several OpenShift resources, such as Deployments, StatefulSets, Pods, and Services, which are managed by AMQ Streams operators. Only the operator that is responsible for managing a particular OpenShift resource can change that resource. If you try to manually change an operator-managed OpenShift resource, the operator will revert your changes back.

However, changing an operator-managed OpenShift resource can be useful if you want to perform certain tasks, such as:

Adding custom labels or annotations that control how Pods are treated by Istio or other services
Managing how Loadbalancer-type Services are created by the cluster

You can make such changes using the template property in the AMQ Streams custom resources. The template property is supported in the following resources. The API reference provides more details about the customizable fields.

Kafka.spec.kafka: See Section 13.2.54, “KafkaClusterTemplate schema reference”
Kafka.spec.zookeeper: See Section 13.2.64, “ZookeeperClusterTemplate schema reference”
Kafka.spec.entityOperator: See Section 13.2.69, “EntityOperatorTemplate schema reference”
Kafka.spec.kafkaExporter: See Section 13.2.75, “KafkaExporterTemplate schema reference”
Kafka.spec.cruiseControl: See Section 13.2.72, “CruiseControlTemplate schema reference”
KafkaConnect.spec: See Section 13.2.89, “KafkaConnectTemplate schema reference”
KafkaConnectS2I.spec: See Section 13.2.89, “KafkaConnectTemplate schema reference”
KafkaMirrorMaker.spec: See Section 13.2.128, “KafkaMirrorMakerTemplate schema reference”
KafkaMirrorMaker2.spec: See Section 13.2.89, “KafkaConnectTemplate schema reference”
KafkaBridge.spec: See Section 13.2.137, “KafkaBridgeTemplate schema reference”
KafkaUser.spec: See Section 13.2.121, “KafkaUserTemplate schema reference”

In the following example, the template property is used to modify the labels in a Kafka broker’s StatefulSet:

Example template customization

apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: Kafka
metadata:
  name: my-cluster
  labels:
    app: my-cluster
spec:
  kafka:
    # ...
    template:
      statefulset:
        metadata:
          labels:
            mylabel: myvalue
    # ...

2.6.1. Customizing the image pull policy

AMQ Streams allows you to customize the image pull policy for containers in all pods deployed by the Cluster Operator. The image pull policy is configured using the environment variable STRIMZI_IMAGE_PULL_POLICY in the Cluster Operator deployment. The STRIMZI_IMAGE_PULL_POLICY environment variable can be set to three different values:

Always: Container images are pulled from the registry every time the pod is started or restarted.
IfNotPresent: Container images are pulled from the registry only when they were not pulled before.
Never: Container images are never pulled from the registry.

The image pull policy can be currently customized only for all Kafka, Kafka Connect, and Kafka MirrorMaker clusters at once. Changing the policy will result in a rolling update of all your Kafka, Kafka Connect, and Kafka MirrorMaker clusters.

Additional resources

For more information about Cluster Operator configuration, see Section 5.1, “Using the Cluster Operator”.
For more information about Image Pull Policies, see Disruptions.

2.7. Configuring pod scheduling

When two applications are scheduled to the same OpenShift node, both applications might use the same resources like disk I/O and impact performance. That can lead to performance degradation. Scheduling Kafka pods in a way that avoids sharing nodes with other critical workloads, using the right nodes or dedicated a set of nodes only for Kafka are the best ways how to avoid such problems.

2.7.1. Specifying affinity, tolerations, and topology spread constraints

Use affinity, tolerations and topology spread constraints to schedule the pods of kafka resources onto nodes. Affinity, tolerations and topology spread constraints are configured using the affinity, tolerations, and topologySpreadConstraint properties in following resources:

Kafka.spec.kafka.template.pod
Kafka.spec.zookeeper.template.pod
Kafka.spec.entityOperator.template.pod
KafkaConnect.spec.template.pod
KafkaConnectS2I.spec.template.pod
KafkaBridge.spec.template.pod
KafkaMirrorMaker.spec.template.pod
KafkaMirrorMaker2.spec.template.pod

The format of the affinity, tolerations, and topologySpreadConstraint properties follows the OpenShift specification. The affinity configuration can include different types of affinity:

Pod affinity and anti-affinity
Node affinity

Note

On OpenShift 1.16 and 1.17, the support for topologySpreadConstraint is disabled by default. In order to use topologySpreadConstraint, you have to enable the EvenPodsSpread feature gate in Kubernetes API server and scheduler.

Additional resources

2.7.1.1. Use pod anti-affinity to avoid critical applications sharing nodes

Use pod anti-affinity to ensure that critical applications are never scheduled on the same disk. When running a Kafka cluster, it is recommended to use pod anti-affinity to ensure that the Kafka brokers do not share nodes with other workloads, such as databases.

2.7.1.2. Use node affinity to schedule workloads onto specific nodes

The OpenShift cluster usually consists of many different types of worker nodes. Some are optimized for CPU heavy workloads, some for memory, while other might be optimized for storage (fast local SSDs) or network. Using different nodes helps to optimize both costs and performance. To achieve the best possible performance, it is important to allow scheduling of AMQ Streams components to use the right nodes.

OpenShift uses node affinity to schedule workloads onto specific nodes. Node affinity allows you to create a scheduling constraint for the node on which the pod will be scheduled. The constraint is specified as a label selector. You can specify the label using either the built-in node label like beta.kubernetes.io/instance-type or custom labels to select the right node.

2.7.1.3. Use node affinity and tolerations for dedicated nodes

Use taints to create dedicated nodes, then schedule Kafka pods on the dedicated nodes by configuring node affinity and tolerations.

Cluster administrators can mark selected OpenShift nodes as tainted. Nodes with taints are excluded from regular scheduling and normal pods will not be scheduled to run on them. Only services which can tolerate the taint set on the node can be scheduled on it. The only other services running on such nodes will be system services such as log collectors or software defined networks.

Running Kafka and its components on dedicated nodes can have many advantages. There will be no other applications running on the same nodes which could cause disturbance or consume the resources needed for Kafka. That can lead to improved performance and stability.

2.7.2. Configuring pod anti-affinity in Kafka components

Prerequisites

An OpenShift cluster
A running Cluster Operator

Procedure

Edit the affinity property in the resource specifying the cluster deployment. Use labels to specify the pods which should not be scheduled on the same nodes. The topologyKey should be set to kubernetes.io/hostname to specify that the selected pods should not be scheduled on nodes with the same hostname. For example:

apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: Kafka
spec:
  kafka:
    # ...
    template:
      pod:
        affinity:
          podAntiAffinity:
            requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
              - labelSelector:
                  matchExpressions:
                    - key: application
                      operator: In
                      values:
                        - postgresql
                        - mongodb
                topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
    # ...
  zookeeper:
    # ...

Create or update the resource.
This can be done using oc apply:
```
oc apply -f KAFKA-CONFIG-FILE
```

2.7.3. Configuring node affinity in Kafka components

Prerequisites

An OpenShift cluster
A running Cluster Operator

Procedure

Label the nodes where AMQ Streams components should be scheduled.
This can be done using oc label:
```
oc label node NAME-OF-NODE node-type=fast-network
```
Alternatively, some of the existing labels might be reused.

Edit the affinity property in the resource specifying the cluster deployment. For example:

apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: Kafka
spec:
  kafka:
    # ...
    template:
      pod:
        affinity:
          nodeAffinity:
            requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
              nodeSelectorTerms:
                - matchExpressions:
                  - key: node-type
                    operator: In
                    values:
                    - fast-network
    # ...
  zookeeper:
    # ...

Create or update the resource.
This can be done using oc apply:
```
oc apply -f KAFKA-CONFIG-FILE
```

2.7.4. Setting up dedicated nodes and scheduling pods on them

Prerequisites

An OpenShift cluster
A running Cluster Operator

Procedure

Select the nodes which should be used as dedicated.
Make sure there are no workloads scheduled on these nodes.
Set the taints on the selected nodes:
This can be done using oc adm taint:
```
oc adm taint node NAME-OF-NODE dedicated=Kafka:NoSchedule
```
Additionally, add a label to the selected nodes as well.
This can be done using oc label:
```
oc label node NAME-OF-NODE dedicated=Kafka
```

Edit the affinity and tolerations properties in the resource specifying the cluster deployment.

For example:

apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: Kafka
spec:
  kafka:
    # ...
    template:
      pod:
        tolerations:
          - key: "dedicated"
            operator: "Equal"
            value: "Kafka"
            effect: "NoSchedule"
        affinity:
          nodeAffinity:
            requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
              nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                - key: dedicated
                  operator: In
                  values:
                  - Kafka
    # ...
  zookeeper:
    # ...

Create or update the resource.
This can be done using oc apply:
```
oc apply -f KAFKA-CONFIG-FILE
```

2.8. External logging

When setting the logging levels for a resource, you can specify them inline directly in the spec.logging property of the resource YAML:

spec:
  # ...
  logging:
    type: inline
    loggers:
      kafka.root.logger.level: "INFO"

Or you can specify external logging:

spec:
  # ...
  logging:
    type: external
    valueFrom:
      configMapKeyRef:
        name: customConfigMap
        key: keyInConfigMap

With external logging, logging properties are defined in a ConfigMap. The name of the ConfigMap is referenced in the spec.logging.valueFrom.configMapKeyRef.name property. The spec.logging.valueFrom.configMapKeyRef.name and spec.logging.valueFrom.configMapKeyRef.key properties are mandatory. Default logging is used if the name or key is not set.

The advantages of using a ConfigMap are that the logging properties are maintained in one place and are accessible to more than one resource.

2.8.1. Creating a ConfigMap for logging

To use a ConfigMap to define logging properties, you create the ConfigMap and then reference it as part of the logging definition in the spec of a resource.

The ConfigMap must contain the appropriate logging configuration.

log4j.properties for Kafka components, ZooKeeper, and the Kafka Bridge
log4j2.properties for the Topic Operator and User Operator

The configuration must be placed under these properties.

Here we demonstrate how a ConfigMap defines a root logger for a Kafka resource.

Procedure

Create the ConfigMap.
You can create the ConfigMap as a YAML file or from a properties file using oc at the command line.
ConfigMap example with a root logger definition for Kafka:
```
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
metadata:
  name: logging-configmap
data:
  log4j.properties:
    kafka.root.logger.level="INFO"
```
From the command line, using a properties file:
```
oc create configmap logging-configmap --from-file=log4j.properties
```
The properties file defines the logging configuration:
```
# Define the logger
kafka.root.logger.level="INFO"
# ...
```
Define external logging in the spec of the resource, setting the logging.valueFrom.configMapKeyRef.name to the name of the ConfigMap and logging.valueFrom.configMapKeyRef.key to the key in this ConfigMap.
```
spec:
  # ...
  logging:
    type: external
    valueFrom:
      configMapKeyRef:
        name: customConfigMap
        key: keyInConfigMap
```
Create or update the resource.
```
oc apply -f kafka.yaml
```