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Chapter 9. Advanced Configuration
This chapter describes advanced resource types and advanced configuration features that Pacemaker supports.
9.1. Resource Clones
You can clone a resource so that the resource can be active on multiple nodes. For example, you can use cloned resources to configure multiple instances of an IP resource to distribute throughout a cluster for node balancing. You can clone any resource provided the resource agent supports it. A clone consists of one resource or one resource group.
Note
Only resources that can be active on multiple nodes at the same time are suitable for cloning. For example, a
Filesystem resource mounting a non-clustered file system such as ext4 from a shared memory device should not be cloned. Since the ext4 partition is not cluster aware, this file system is not suitable for read/write operations occurring from multiple nodes at the same time.
9.1.1. Creating and Removing a Cloned Resource
You can create a resource and a clone of that resource at the same time with the following command.
pcs resource create resource_id standard:provider:type|type [resource options] \ clone [meta clone_options]
The name of the clone will be
resource_id-clone.
You cannot create a resource group and a clone of that resource group in a single command.
Alternately, you can create a clone of a previously-created resource or resource group with the following command.
pcs resource clone resource_id | group_name [clone_options]...
The name of the clone will be
resource_id-clone or group_name-clone.
Note
You need to configure resource configuration changes on one node only.
Note
When configuring constraints, always use the name of the group or clone.
When you create a clone of a resource, the clone takes on the name of the resource with
-clone appended to the name. The following commands creates a resource of type apache named webfarm and a clone of that resource named webfarm-clone.
# pcs resource create webfarm apache cloneNote
When you create a resource or resource group clone that will be ordered after another clone, you should almost always set the
interleave=true option. This ensures that copies of the dependent clone can stop or start when the clone it depends on has stopped or started on the same node. If you do not set this option, if a cloned resource B depends on a cloned resource A and a node leaves the cluster, when the node returns to the cluster and resource A starts on that node, then all of the copies of resource B on all of the nodes will restart. This is because when a dependent cloned resource does not have the interleave option set, all instances of that resource depend on any running instance of the resource it depends on.
Use the following command to remove a clone of a resource or a resource group. This does not remove the resource or resource group itself.
pcs resource unclone resource_id | group_name
For information on resource options, see Section 6.1, “Resource Creation”.
Table 9.1, “Resource Clone Options” describes the options you can specify for a cloned resource.
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
priority, target-role, is-managed
|
Options inherited from resource that is being cloned, as described in Table 6.3, “Resource Meta Options”.
|
clone-max
| |
clone-node-max
| |
notify
| |
globally-unique
|
Does each copy of the clone perform a different function? Allowed values:
false, true
If the value of this option is
false, these resources behave identically everywhere they are running and thus there can be only one copy of the clone active per machine.
If the value of this option is
true, a copy of the clone running on one machine is not equivalent to another instance, whether that instance is running on another node or on the same node. The default value is true if the value of clone-node-max is greater than one; otherwise the default value is false.
|
ordered
| |
interleave
|
Changes the behavior of ordering constraints (between clones/masters) so that copies of the first clone can start or stop as soon as the copy on the same node of the second clone has started or stopped (rather than waiting until every instance of the second clone has started or stopped). Allowed values:
false, true. The default value is false.
|
clone-min
|
If a value is specified, any clones which are ordered after this clone will not be able to start until the specified number of instances of the original clone are running, even if the
interleave option is set to true.
|
9.1.2. Clone Constraints
In most cases, a clone will have a single copy on each active cluster node. You can, however, set
clone-max for the resource clone to a value that is less than the total number of nodes in the cluster. If this is the case, you can indicate which nodes the cluster should preferentially assign copies to with resource location constraints. These constraints are written no differently to those for regular resources except that the clone's id must be used.
The following command creates a location constraint for the cluster to preferentially assign resource clone
webfarm-clone to node1.
# pcs constraint location webfarm-clone prefers node1
Ordering constraints behave slightly differently for clones. In the example below, because the
interleave clone option is left to default as false, no instance of webfarm-stats will start until all instances of webfarm-clone that need to be started have done so. Only if no copies of webfarm-clone can be started then webfarm-stats will be prevented from being active. Additionally, webfarm-clone will wait for webfarm-stats to be stopped before stopping itself.
# pcs constraint order start webfarm-clone then webfarm-stats
Colocation of a regular (or group) resource with a clone means that the resource can run on any machine with an active copy of the clone. The cluster will choose a copy based on where the clone is running and the resource's own location preferences.
Colocation between clones is also possible. In such cases, the set of allowed locations for the clone is limited to nodes on which the clone is (or will be) active. Allocation is then performed as normally.
The following command creates a colocation constraint to ensure that the resource
webfarm-stats runs on the same node as an active copy of webfarm-clone.
# pcs constraint colocation add webfarm-stats with webfarm-clone9.1.3. Clone Stickiness
To achieve a stable allocation pattern, clones are slightly sticky by default. If no value for
resource-stickiness is provided, the clone will use a value of 1. Being a small value, it causes minimal disturbance to the score calculations of other resources but is enough to prevent Pacemaker from needlessly moving copies around the cluster.
