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Chapter 6. Message Protection

Abstract

The following message protection mechanisms are described in this chapter: protection against eavesdropping (by employing encryption algorithms) and protection against message tampering (by employing message digest algorithms). The protection can be applied at various levels of granularity and to different protocol layers. At the transport layer, you have the option of applying protection to the entire contents of the message; while at the SOAP layer, you have the option of applying protection to various parts of the message (bodies, headers, or attachments).

6.1. Transport Layer Message Protection
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Overview
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Transport layer message protection refers to the message protection (encryption and signing) that is provided by the transport layer. For example, HTTPS provides encryption and message signing features using SSL/TLS. In fact, WS-SecurityPolicy does not add much to the HTTPS feature set, because HTTPS is already fully configurable using Spring XML configuration (see Chapter 3, Configuring HTTPS). An advantage of specifying a transport binding policy for HTTPS, however, is that it enables you to embed security requirements in the WSDL contract. Hence, any client that obtains a copy of the WSDL contract can discover what the transport layer security requirements are for the endpoints in the WSDL contract.
Warning
If you enable SSL/TLS security in the transport layer, you must ensure that you explicitly disable the SSLv3 protocol, in order to safeguard against the Poodle vulnerability (CVE-2014-3566). For more details, see Disabling SSLv3 in JBoss Fuse 6.x and JBoss A-MQ 6.x.

Prerequisites
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If you use WS-SecurityPolicy to configure the HTTPS transport, you must also configure HTTPS security appropriately in the Spring configuration.
Example 6.1, “Client HTTPS Configuration in Spring” shows how to configure a client to use the HTTPS transport protocol. The sec:keyManagers element specifies the client's own certificate, alice.pfx, and the sec:trustManagers element specifies the trusted CA list. Note how the http:conduit element's name attribute uses wildcards to match the endpoint address. For details of how to configure HTTPS on the client side, see Chapter 3, Configuring HTTPS.

Example 6.1. Client HTTPS Configuration in Spring

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:http="http://cxf.apache.org/transports/http/configuration"
       xmlns:sec="http://cxf.apache.org/configuration/security" ... >

  <http:conduit name="https://.*/UserNameOverTransport.*">
    <http:tlsClientParameters disableCNCheck="true">
      <sec:keyManagers keyPassword="password">
        <sec:keyStore type="pkcs12" password="password" resource="certs/alice.pfx"/>
      </sec:keyManagers>
      <sec:trustManagers>
        <sec:keyStore type="pkcs12" password="password" resource="certs/bob.pfx"/>
      </sec:trustManagers>
    </http:tlsClientParameters>
  </http:conduit>
  ...
</beans>
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Example 6.2, “Server HTTPS Configuration in Spring” shows how to configure a server to use the HTTPS transport protocol. The sec:keyManagers element specifies the server's own certificate, bob.pfx, and the sec:trustManagers element specifies the trusted CA list. For details of how to configure HTTPS on the server side, see Chapter 3, Configuring HTTPS.

Example 6.2. Server HTTPS Configuration in Spring

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:httpj="http://cxf.apache.org/transports/http-jetty/configuration"
       xmlns:sec="http://cxf.apache.org/configuration/security" ... >

  <httpj:engine-factory id="tls-settings">
    <httpj:engine port="9001">
      <httpj:tlsServerParameters secureSocketProtocol="TLSv1">
        <sec:keyManagers keyPassword="password">
          <sec:keyStore type="pkcs12" password="password" resource="certs/bob.pfx"/>
        </sec:keyManagers>
        <sec:trustManagers>
          <sec:keyStore type="pkcs12" password="password" resource="certs/alice.pfx"/>
        </sec:trustManagers> 
      </httpj:tlsServerParameters>
    </httpj:engine>
  </httpj:engine-factory>
  ...
</beans>
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Important
You must set secureSocketProtocol to TLSv1 on the server side, in order to protect against the Poodle vulnerability (CVE-2014-3566)

Policy subject
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A transport binding policy must be applied to an endpoint policy subject (see the section called “Endpoint policy subject”). For example, given the transport binding policy with ID, UserNameOverTransport_IPingService_policy, you could apply the policy to an endpoint binding as follows: 
<wsdl:binding name="UserNameOverTransport_IPingService" type="i0:IPingService">
  <wsp:PolicyReference URI="#UserNameOverTransport_IPingService_policy"/>
  ...
</wsdl:binding>
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Syntax
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The TransportBinding element has the following syntax: 
<sp:TransportBinding xmlns:sp="..." ... >
  <wsp:Policy xmlns:wsp="...">
    <sp:TransportToken ... >
      <wsp:Policy> ... </wsp:Policy>
      ...
    </sp:TransportToken>
    <sp:AlgorithmSuite ... > ... </sp:AlgorithmSuite>
    <sp:Layout ... > ... </sp:Layout> ?
    <sp:IncludeTimestamp ... /> ?
      ...
  </wsp:Policy>
  ...
</sp:TransportBinding>
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Sample policy
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Example 6.3, “Example of a Transport Binding” shows an example of a transport binding that requires confidentiality and integrity using the HTTPS transport (specified by the sp:HttpsToken element) and a 256-bit algorithm suite (specified by the sp:Basic256 element).

Example 6.3. Example of a Transport Binding

<wsp:Policy wsu:Id="UserNameOverTransport_IPingService_policy">
  <wsp:ExactlyOne>
    <wsp:All>
      <sp:TransportBinding xmlns:sp="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/07/securitypolicy">
        <wsp:Policy>
          <sp:TransportToken>
            <wsp:Policy>
              <sp:HttpsToken RequireClientCertificate="false"/>
            </wsp:Policy>
          </sp:TransportToken>
          <sp:AlgorithmSuite>
            <wsp:Policy>
              <sp:Basic256/>
            </wsp:Policy>
          </sp:AlgorithmSuite>
          <sp:Layout>
            <wsp:Policy>
              <sp:Lax/>
            </wsp:Policy>
          </sp:Layout>
          <sp:IncludeTimestamp/>
        </wsp:Policy>
      </sp:TransportBinding>
      ...
      <sp:Wss10 xmlns:sp="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/07/securitypolicy">
        <wsp:Policy>
          <sp:MustSupportRefKeyIdentifier/>
          <sp:MustSupportRefIssuerSerial/>
        </wsp:Policy>
      </sp:Wss10>
    </wsp:All>
  </wsp:ExactlyOne>
</wsp:Policy>
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sp:TransportToken
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This element has a two-fold effect: it requires a particular type of security token and it indicates how the transport is secured. For example, by specifying the sp:HttpsToken, you indicate that the connection is secured by the HTTPS protocol and the security tokens are X.509 certificates.

sp:AlgorithmSuite
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This element specifies the suite of cryptographic algorithms to use for signing and encryption. For details of the available algorithm suites, see Section 6.2.7, “Specifying the Algorithm Suite”.

sp:Layout
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This element specifies whether to impose any conditions on the order in which security headers are added to the SOAP message. The sp:Lax element specifies that no conditions are imposed on the order of security headers. The alternatives to sp:Lax are sp:Strict, sp:LaxTimestampFirst, or sp:LaxTimestampLast.

sp:IncludeTimestamp
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If this element is included in the policy, the runtime adds a wsu:Timestamp element to the wsse:Security header. By default, the timestamp is not included.

sp:MustSupportRefKeyIdentifier
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This element specifies that the security runtime must be able to process Key Identifier token references, as specified in the WS-Security 1.0 specification. A key identifier is a mechanism for identifying a key token, which may be used inside signature or encryption elements. Apache CXF requires this feature.

sp:MustSupportRefIssuerSerial
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This element specifies that the security runtime must be able to process Issuer and Serial Number token references, as specified in the WS-Security 1.0 specification. An issuer and serial number is a mechanism for identifying a key token, which may be used inside signature or encryption elements. Apache CXF requires this feature.
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