Chapter 4. Configuring HTTPS Cipher Suites

A cipher suite is a collection of security algorithms that determine precisely how an SSL/TLS connection is implemented.

For example, the SSL/TLS protocol mandates that messages be signed using a message digest algorithm. The choice of digest algorithm, however, is determined by the particular cipher suite being used for the connection. Typically, an application can choose either the MD5 or the SHA digest algorithm.

The cipher suites available for SSL/TLS security in Apache CXF depend on the particular JSSE provider that is specified on the endpoint.

The Java Cryptography Extension (JCE) and the Java Secure Socket Extension (JSSE) constitute a pluggable framework that allows you to replace the Java security implementation with arbitrary third-party toolkits, known as security providers.

In practice, the security features of Apache CXF have been tested only with SUN’s JSSE provider, which is named SunJSSE.

Hence, the SSL/TLS implementation and the list of available cipher suites in Apache CXF are effectively determined by what is available from SUN’s JSSE provider.

The following cipher suites are supported by SUN’s JSSE provider in the J2SE 1.5.0 Java development kit (see also Appendix A of SUN’s JSSE Reference Guide):

For more information about SUN’s JSSE framework, please consult the JSSE Reference Guide at the following location:

http://download.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/guide/security/jsse/JSSERefGuide.html

In a typical application, you usually want to restrict the list of available cipher suites to a subset of the ciphers supported by the JSSE provider.

Generally, you should use the sec:cipherSuitesFilter element, instead of the sec:cipherSuites element to select the cipher suites you want to use.

The sec:cipherSuites element is not recommended for general use, because it has rather non-intuitive semantics: you can use it to require that the loaded security provider supports at least the listed cipher suites. But the security provider that is loaded might support many more cipher suites than the ones that are specified. Hence, when you use the sec:cipherSuites element, it is not clear exactly which cipher suites are supported at run time.

Table 4.1, “Namespaces Used for Configuring Cipher Suite Filters” shows the XML namespaces that are referenced in this section:

You define a cipher suite filter using the sec:cipherSuitesFilter element, which can be a child of either a http:tlsClientParameters element or a httpj:tlsServerParameters element. A typical sec:cipherSuitesFilter element has the outline structure shown in Example 4.1, “Structure of a sec:cipherSuitesFilter Element” .

<sec:cipherSuitesFilter>
    <sec:include>RegularExpression</sec:include>
    <sec:include>RegularExpression</sec:include>
    ...
    <sec:exclude>RegularExpression</sec:exclude>
    <sec:exclude>RegularExpression</sec:exclude>
    ...
</sec:cipherSuitesFilter>

<sec:cipherSuitesFilter>
    <sec:include>RegularExpression</sec:include>
    <sec:include>RegularExpression</sec:include>
    ...
    <sec:exclude>RegularExpression</sec:exclude>
    <sec:exclude>RegularExpression</sec:exclude>
    ...
</sec:cipherSuitesFilter>

The following semantic rules apply to the sec:cipherSuitesFilter element:

The grammar for the regular expressions that appear in the sec:include and sec:exclude elements is defined by the Java regular expression utility, java.util.regex.Pattern. For a detailed description of the grammar, please consult the Java reference guide, http://download.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html.

The following XML configuration shows an example of a client that applies a cipher suite filter to the remote endpoint, {WSDLPortNamespace}PortName. Whenever the client attempts to open an SSL/TLS connection to this endpoint, it restricts the available cipher suites to the set selected by the sec:cipherSuitesFilter element.

<beans ... >
  <http:conduit name="{WSDLPortNamespace}PortName.http-conduit">
    <http:tlsClientParameters>
      ...
      <sec:cipherSuitesFilter>
        <sec:include>.*_WITH_3DES_.*</sec:include>
        <sec:include>.*_WITH_DES_.*</sec:include>
        <sec:exclude>.*_WITH_NULL_.*</sec:exclude>
        <sec:exclude>.*_DH_anon_.*</sec:exclude>
      </sec:cipherSuitesFilter>
    </http:tlsClientParameters>
  </http:conduit>

  <bean id="cxf" class="org.apache.cxf.bus.CXFBusImpl"/>
</beans>

<beans ... >
  <http:conduit name="{WSDLPortNamespace}PortName.http-conduit">
    <http:tlsClientParameters>
      ...
      <sec:cipherSuitesFilter>
        <sec:include>.*_WITH_3DES_.*</sec:include>
        <sec:include>.*_WITH_DES_.*</sec:include>
        <sec:exclude>.*_WITH_NULL_.*</sec:exclude>
        <sec:exclude>.*_DH_anon_.*</sec:exclude>
      </sec:cipherSuitesFilter>
    </http:tlsClientParameters>
  </http:conduit>

  <bean id="cxf" class="org.apache.cxf.bus.CXFBusImpl"/>
</beans>

The versions of the SSL/TLS protocol that are supported by Apache CXF depend on the particular JSSE provider configured. By default, the JSSE provider is configured to be SUN’s JSSE provider implementation.

Table 4.2, “SSL/TLS Protocols Supported by SUN’s JSSE Provider” shows the SSL/TLS protocol versions supported by SUN’s JSSE provider.

By default, all of the SSL/TLS protocols provided by the JSSE provider are available to the CXF endpoints (except for the SSLv2Hello and SSLv3 protocols, which have been specifically excluded by the CXF runtime since Fuse version 6.2.0, because of the Poodle vulnerability (CVE-2014-3566)).

To exclude specific SSL/TLS protocols, use the sec:excludeProtocols element in the endpoint configuration. You can configure the sec:excludeProtocols element as a child of the httpj:tlsServerParameters element (server side).

To exclude all protocols except for TLS version 1.2, configure the sec:excludeProtocols element as follows (assuming you are using JDK 7 or later):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans ... >
  ...
  <httpj:engine-factory bus="cxf">
    <httpj:engine port="9001">
      ...
      <httpj:tlsServerParameters>
        ...
        <sec:excludeProtocols>
          <sec:excludeProtocol>SSLv2Hello</sec:excludeProtocol>
          <sec:excludeProtocol>SSLv3</sec:excludeProtocol>
          <sec:excludeProtocol>TLSv1</sec:excludeProtocol>
          <sec:excludeProtocol>TLSv1.1</sec:excludeProtocol>
        </sec:excludeProtocols>
      </httpj:tlsServerParameters>
    </httpj:engine>
  </httpj:engine-factory>
  ...
</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans ... >
  ...
  <httpj:engine-factory bus="cxf">
    <httpj:engine port="9001">
      ...
      <httpj:tlsServerParameters>
        ...
        <sec:excludeProtocols>
          <sec:excludeProtocol>SSLv2Hello</sec:excludeProtocol>
          <sec:excludeProtocol>SSLv3</sec:excludeProtocol>
          <sec:excludeProtocol>TLSv1</sec:excludeProtocol>
          <sec:excludeProtocol>TLSv1.1</sec:excludeProtocol>
        </sec:excludeProtocols>
      </httpj:tlsServerParameters>
    </httpj:engine>
  </httpj:engine-factory>
  ...
</beans>

Both the http:tlsClientParameters element and the httpj:tlsServerParameters element support the secureSocketProtocol attribute, which enables you to specify a particular protocol.

The semantics of this attribute are confusing, however: this attribute forces CXF to pick an SSL provider that supports the specified protocol, but it does not restrict the provider to use only the specified protocol. Hence, the endpoint could end up using a protocol that is different from the one specified. For this reason, the recommendation is that you do not use the secureSocketProtocol attribute in your code.